Why do transformers make a humming noise?
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- Опубликовано: 24 авг 2024
- In this video, we'll learn about the reasons why transformers make a humming noise. We'll explore the physics behind the sound, and how transformers work.
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Transformers make a humming noise because of the way that they work. By understanding the physics behind the noise, you'll be able to understand the technology behind transformers, and see how they're used in everyday life. So watch this video and learn about the fascinating world of transformers!
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Can’t a transistor make two batteries in series?
Sir please share an information related to VCB... Vacuum circuit breaker
You forgot to add that the laminations are generally glued to each other in order to prevent vibration, but the glue isn't always perfect especially as the transformer ages, and so some vibration and therefore some hum is the expected result.
I am a no tech guy but your channel helps me understands from your clear and precise information..
So what happens if I take a wooden stick and make a primary coil of coated wire and a secondary coil of coated wire.
So I take the stick and the primary wire and start winding. Say 10 rotations. Then I take the secondary wire and wind it 1 time. Then I take the primary wire again and wind it another 10 times. And the secondary again, 1 time. Mixing them in an evenly distributed manner. This way the fields are as close to each other as possible. I keep repeating this until I have done the required number of windings on both wires. In that way I have reduced the amount of iron needed and I have maximised the interaction between the electromagnetic fields within the wires due to.... well, certain issues reported in the video won't even be at play since the wires are so close to each other and the electromagnetic fields can fully and freely interact with each other.
What would that result be? And why isn't it done that way?
I have been wanting to make my own transformers for a while now. Just take the transformer from an electric flyswatter or radio and modify it. But I do not know which gage of wire to use nor how many windings for the primary and secondary. Aren't there apps for that? To help out? Show the calculations? So that I can start experimenting and calculating myself in a safe way. When I have done that and fully understand it, I would dare to experiment in different ways. But right now I'm at a bit of a standstill in that regards. So any help or links to get me going would be highly appreciated.
When I first joined a sales engineering team my mentor was a thirty year veteran. He’d explain to me different electrical products and their functions. When we got to transformers he explained the technical details of why they hum similar to this video(eddy current losses and vibrating cores). He then asked me to reflect back the reason for humming and I fumbled through it. His response: “No, they hum because they don’t know the words”
I bet he had been waiting all day to drop that joke on you.
@@rhoonah5849 And then thirty years in the future guess who gets to drop that joke on the new sales engineers.
@@DemPilafian Hell yeah!
and the student answer back: It is not true, audio transformers their laminations can talk if you talk to them.
@@magicguitarpedal But only if the contacts are gold plated, the wires are 10x thicken than needed and the transformer costs more than a car. And then, the connected speakers ($5k each) play the music better than it was recorded!
Because they don’t know the words….
Lol
That's what I was taught too
You beat me to it haha
@@tomg721 First thing I learned when I walked by my 1st 500kv transformer. Second lesson was if you hear anything else such as popping or cracking noises, run. In my 35 year career at the power plant, three 500 kv transformers blew up.
Classic 👍
Funfact, the sound created by magnetostriction in the core is double the applied AC frequency. As it gets magnetised twice per cycle.
@@BTW... What tool did YOU use to measure the audible hum ???
Hearing is not always believing.
I always wondered why people always called it a 60 hz hum. Yet i always see 120 hz on my phone app audio spectrograph
E-Motors also have lamination stacks and sometimes they also hum. The difference is that e-motors don't run at a constant frequency but are speed controlled by changing the frequency. This also changes the humming frequency. With the right set-up you can make a stator core play a melody!
This is correct. Basically the core is squeezed twice per cycle.
@@mrbrown6421 It's basic trigonometry. The humming corresponds to the frequency of the power, as the metal sheets do not care in which direction the magnetic field points. They repell every time the magnetic field is up and come together, when the magnetic field is at 0.
So that is sin2(2pi*f), because if P=U*I, then is P(t)=[U*sin(2pi*f*t)]*[I*sin(2pi*f*t)] and therefore P(t)=U*I*sin2(2pi*f*t), and the sinus function suqared gives you the doubled frequency for the power, and therfore the huming with the doubled frequency of the of the frequency of the voltage/current.
I've been asking all my electrical engineering friends to explain to me, a civil engineer with basic electronics knowledge, in layman's terms how a transformer actually works. None of them were able to do it in the past 10 years.
This video, although answering another question entirely, has actually answered my original question to the fullest.
Fantastic.
Please see our other videos, we fully explained transformers
Those EE friends of yours like most students, just studied enough to pass their exams and not really dive deep into the material.
These kinds of comments are frustrating because being asked a technical question on the spot is of course never as easy as to answer as spending days writing a script, drawing animations and editing it down for clarity.
@@lt3880 I am willing to accept this argument. Although, the same people that I asked through the years were given those same amount of years to explain it to me. I kind of went back over and over again to see if they had thought of another way of explaining it in laymans terms.
Coming from a background of teaching there is always a phrase that is used: "you only truly understand the subject matter if you can explain it to someone else who has no knowledge of it at all."
I'm also willing to accept that as one of the commenters stated earlier, some people either did not care much for the subject matter during the educational period and merely learned to pass thereby not retaining the knowledge for future use/purposes.
@@devarmont87 As a civil engineer, my knowledge about in depth electrical engineering subject matter is limited. Unfortunately, I do not fully understand any of the items you listed. Whilst the video may have not covered every single aspect of transformer design and operation, it covered the aspects which I had direct interest in.
Therefore, it is unfair for you to judge what or how much I learned in it.
I appreciate that there is a plethora of information about transformers which one could delve into and I do not take that away from those who feel it is neccessary to know as well but for the layman, it probably goes way beyond the scope of high-level learning.
Whats quite important here, and i didn't found it in comments or vid, the reason for the noise is called magnetostriction, and the base frequency of the noise is always 2 times higher than the frequency of AC current. Therefore in US it will be 120Hz, while in rest of the world 100Hz. You can check the supply frequency just by listening to the transformer! ;)
Woah, amazing. I just know that, thanks.
What an excellent simple explanation! 👍🏼
There seems to be a trend on youtube to stretch out a 3 minute explanation into a 20 minute video, but fortunately not everybody follows that trend. Big thanks for that!
😂
It is about $$$$$$$$$
To stop or reduce humming.... If they are bolted together you could tighten the nuts a bit. If they are rivited or otherwise fixed, options are more limited. If the laminates are not sealed with varnish, you could put a single drop of detergent into a glass of warm water, stir and pour most of it away. Then add loads of salt and stir. With power off for a while, apply the salt water to the laminates (NOT the coils)and let dry. Do this several times. The salt water will add a microscopically thin layer of corrosion to the plates, making them expand band become tighter. That will greatly reduce hum if not stop it.
I often used to do this with cheap mains powered alarm clocks, worked every time.
A bit of corrosion on the laminates is not an issue because they are already coated with some kind of oxide layer to prevent metal to metal connection. (Otherwise you would be re-constructing a solid block of metal)
I have such a resistance to pouring salt water on electric parts.
I prefer Hum to corrosion IMHO. But if it works for you great.
Sounds like a great idea to do on the 12.470kv transformers I work on 😅
@@user-ps3su8li4e If I was working near that high a voltage my nuts would self tighten and I would hum. 🙂
No! Badly rusted transformers will go bad. The plates will short out, the transformer will overheat.
I learnt a bit of physics in high school, and this video taught me a lot more about other types of transformer inefficiencies. Thanks for the video!
Good video. I like videos that points out minor and seemingly insignificant things in our daily experience, but being a very relevant and educational video for the peoples that ask why and seek knowledge to REALLY know (thoroughly). I appreciate your videos as a student myself. Thanx and keep it up.
The real reason is because the installer forgot to remove the shipping bolts and loosen the isolator pads ;)
Your video was simplistic yet extremely informative. Very nicely done!
This was the simplest yet detailed explanation I've ever seen on a transformer 🔥👍
Neat! I love soundscapes and what they can tell me about what's going on around me. It's nice being able to put a physical phenomena behind the sounds.
This video is AMAZING... but... how is it that there are 200+ comments on this video... and ONLY ONE of them is regarding the fact that he said, "you get a humming between the sheets"?!?!? This is RUclips classic.
I'd say excessive humming is due to bad construction/assembly of the transformer or old age.
If the plates have been interlinked/tightened together properly and coated correctly with lacquer there shouldn't be much noise.
Older transformers generally hum more because the lacquer have cracked over the years due to the expansion/contraction/movement of the plates which then allows them to resonate more.
The bolts, screws, rivets or whatever technique that was used to fixate the plates might also have become undone causing the same effect.
The volume of the hum will depend on the load of the transformer since a greater load will create a stronger electro magnetic force acting upon it.
Always wondered why the core is layered. Brilliant explanation
i've been always finding the transformer hums pleasing for ears 😋 especially big ones
straight to the point, easy to understand. thank you!
When asked to hum something, many people will produce a 60 Hz hum. In Europe, people will hum at 50 Hz. The world is positively drenched with 50/60 Hz noise.
02:26 why does the alternating current causes the sheets to expand and contract? Is that temperature related or a different effect taking place?
I'd say the current moves the iron with electro magnetism.
its because of phenomenon called magnetostriction meaning that whenever a ferromagnetic material is magnetized, their electron-spin dipole moments are rotated into alignment causing change in bond length between the atoms which eventually cause expansion or contraction along the direction of magnetisation.
@@basantrajtiwari5940 Thanks a lot! I thought that was the quint essential question of the video, which unfortunately wasn't answered. GREAT!
@@basantrajtiwari5940 yeah dude lemme just stretch my atoms real quick *magnetises*
The Action Lab did a video on this phenomenon recently.
I was prepared for a 15-minute clickbaity intro, story, sponsors, stockphoto madness, but all I got was the answer to the question with nice illustrating animations. Outraging :)
And why do they contact and expand? How much? I guess a lot due the fact you can hear it, but why and how?
I really like your videos, but the way you have the end links come up covers your last couple slides so we can't easily see them.
I had always wondered and now I know.
In Japan, the northern region is 60hz but in the southern region, its 50hz.
Do you have region-specific appliances? Or switches? What if you move from one region to the other?
@@MattTrevett 50/60hz in most cases do not even matter since most home appliances converts the AC to DC within their internals...and it's most of the time... step-down as well
Answer at 2:26 for people with short attention span that aren't deeply interested in anything but the video's title.
Even Megatron has an appreciation for music
I know why transfomers make
humming noises only about 50% before
u explained clearly but now I know
why transfomers make humming noise
100%
This channel continues to supply me and others (including those whom I share) with great content as well as very exacting correct information.
This is partially the story...
fun fact... when you create an AC on a circuit in the auditory range... it also causes hum...
20-20kHz is audible, 15kHz seems to be the max range for most.
I was in a cold house in the UK using US equipment, and that young child super appreciated the warm feet the transformer provided me
I love this video. Can you make a video on accelerometers?
I learn alot from you guys...thanks
I have a 100uF capacitor that hums at 240V and 7.5A. Must be expansion/contraction of the dielectric, a form of 'electrostriction'.
When i heard the humming sound from a transformer for the first time... i was legitimately scared!
I thought it was gonna EXPLODE 😂
I worked at a nuclear plant for four years. It was very satisfying to walk past the output transformers feeding the switchyard and hear the deep 60 cycle hum; like "this is where the rubber meets the road".
-1 video completely brushes over why there is sound. WHY do the laminates contract? Do they contract at the same frequency as the AC signal?
I heard that if you revarnished laminate the humming will go away. That was a trick my dad told me. He was a radio tech in the Korean War white lab tech in college who served as a radio tech for the army in the Korean War and also my high school electronics teacher who is radio tech in the Air Force. Apparently it’s a known trick. But yes the sheets will loosen over time and if you’re real laminate with the resin it goes away.
Interesting trick, similar to gluing wood sheets together at angles to keep them from stretching/shrinking.
@@Kineth1 yup
I really like the humming.
Magnetostriction phenomenon!
He only made this video so he could say “vibration between the sheets”
then you would asked why its vibrating, from where and how, lol
The control electric power frequency is key to weather and GPS and ultrasound targeting for anti air system and most substation humming is help doing that plus agricultural rate of growth including control ether and sun light polarization
/Starscream hands Soundwave a mixtape, and the touch of their hands lingers/
/saxophone solo from Careless Whisper begins/
The sheets expanding and contracting cause the hum. Thank you coach.
Very educational and informative, I was oblivious as to how transformers work and often wondered if the hum meant the transformer was going bad.
Why do the plates deform? Is it joule/eddy heating? I dont the the relaxation time is small enough to oscillate at the freq thats observed?
I added some rust converter on the transformer stick welder video I done, as some of the laminates had started to rust. It also helped quieten it down a bit 👍
Hello Eddie currents
Fantastic video! Great explanation and graphics
not gonna lie. that humming sound in the end scared the shit out of me
Resonance from the induced current flow from the 50 to 60 hz alternating pulses
oh, now I understand why I listen a sound coming out of my laptop adapter when bought very close to ears.
Now talk about how the humming frequency is twice of the supply frequency.
→ Harmonic distortion.
Look up "THD - Total Harmonic Distortion"
Thanks TEM as I have always wondered about that humming noise. Now I know! 👍👍
I have an equipment room next to my office and someone literally asked me yesterday why the transformer makes that loud buzzing. It's been so long since I did basic electronics (think '80s) that I have forgotten. Thanks.
Does your computer reset often ?
If you can hear it, electronic devices can feel it.
I would move.
Smaller transformers also hum. The way my company reduce the hum is by tightly packing the cores so there won't be much movements. Apart from that, the varnishing also helps to restrict the movements.
pretty sure the transformers on the pole are soaked in oil and sealed.
What kind of varnish do you use? I thought thhey use wax for this purpose.
For describing the reason of plates expansion i think you meant the magnetostriction phenomena
When a BIG ( roadside ) 3 phase transformer is factory tested , at full load , prior to immersing in it's oil bath , the noise is HUGE and WHINING , almost to headache level !
Thank you for the education and information 👏🏿.
And that's why DC will always be best ;-)
i legitimately thought this video is about the robot transformers because my brother's been on my pc and there was like 7 transformers related video and only one of them was the electrical kind
Transformers do not hum. They speak in incredibly inspiring and pompous way!
If you have ever heard Optimus Prime sing you will know why Transformers hum.
It wasn't until 0:48 until I realized this video isn't about Transformers the movie franchise.
I wonder, does the 15khz hum of a standard-definition CRT television originate from the flyback transformer or from the horizontal deflection coils?
Probably the flyback transformer.
That's my experience.
Anorher hum is that of light dimmers. Many technicians assume it's from the coil but usually it's noice from the triac, the silicon due to the brutal way it's switching acts like an piezo speaker.
Hey, I have the same meter. I love it. It has lots of features but is still pretty simple.
Great video, explained so well in less than 3 min clip.
Masterful explanation. Thanks.
I think the push pull of electrons is generally an incorrect way to think of this, though it's the easiest way to demonstrate a point.
Thank You so much for this video. I have basic understanding of electrical operations, but your explanation of transformers was easy to understand because you just had the needed facts without any unneeded scientific filler. It was a GREAT video. Keep up the good work. Have A Great Weekend! 🛻🚤🏖️
I liked this so much!
Wow, great explanation! Thanks
Thank you this is fascinating.
And all this time I thought it was little trolls in there grinding coffee beans.
😂
Great video thanks, now another question, is the heat generated ever used or is it always wasted. Could save some kWs if it could….
Finally, after all these years
Please make videos on transformer protections
Very good video, nice job.
Electrical power is Not due to flow of electrons, quite the opposite any electrons in motion create resistance reducing workable energy by heat loss due to said motion. The power is transferred through the electrical field.
Cool graphics knowledge really is power
Is this also why electric motors have those unique sounds? It's not just the bearings or any gear noise.
I like to understanding about Transformers , thank you Mindset
Could you explain why Motors Draw a lot of current when they are started. i read a lot but its very hard to understand these concepts.
also how is the slip generated in motors. is it something that happens naturally or something we control. trying to understand how slip rings work in motors and didn't understand what causes the out of phase and think your the best at explaining electrical stuff. could you try to explain maybe with a video what's impedance, inductive reactance, inductance etc..
All of this has been covered in our other videos. Please see our website or RUclips channel
Great video as always. Thank you!!
I'm assuming the metal would be resonating at 50-60hz the same as the AC
I love it, so soothing sleeping near a transformer.
great video!!!!!
great Video !
Hi, i have a question. Is the thin laminated sheets of the core electrically isolated from each sheets? So, they have insulating coat in between each sheets?
Most of the time, vibration between the sheets causes different sounds than humming, I think. ;-)
😂
You read my mind!😂
Great explanation, now I know! Thanks!
It's kind of funny how he goes in detailed they describing of how they work and then right at the very end he's like cuz they vibrate
Oh, thank you! I never thought to ask this, but I am glad you answered it anyway lmao
But if we were to add a cooling mechanism to the transformer, would we be able to prevent some iron or copper loss? Or would adding something like that either take more power leaving either an original amount or less of power then before?
It would have been a nicer conclusion to show the perceived sound of sinudoids with different frequencies....
Fascinating bro!!!!! I hope i can learn more. I study physics and this has become my favorite focus of study.👋👋
thank you!
It really needs lots of hardwork and time to make these types of videos.
What happens if we miss some EI sheets in the transformer rewinding process?. Thanks in advance.
oh awesome!!!!
I always wondered what part of the transformer was humming lol
I was hoping you would give the frequency of the sound is it double that of the voltage?
The mighty topic of 3 phase systems .