14th August 1947: Partition of India begins with creation of the independent Dominion of Pakistan

The roots of the partition can be traced back to the growing demand for independence from British rule, which had gained momentum in the early 20th century. The Indian National Congress, led by figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, advocated for a united, secular India. In contrast, the All-India Muslim League, under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, pushed for a separate Muslim state, fearing a united India dominated by Hindus.
In 1946, tensions escalated and resulted in widespread violence between Hindus and Muslims. Britain, weakened by World War II and unable to deal with unrest in India, decided to expedite their departure. Lord Louis Mountbatten was appointed to oversee the partition of India into the separate dominions of India and Pakistan. Amidst the tense situation he set a deadline of 15 August 1947.
Sir Cyril Radcliffe, a British lawyer with no experience in India, was given just five weeks to complete the demarcation. The resulting Radcliffe Line divided the provinces of Punjab and Bengal along religious lines, with Pakistan consisting of West Pakistan (modern-day Pakistan) and East Pakistan (modern-day Bangladesh), and gaining its independence on 14 August. India followed the next day.
The announcement of the partition led to mass migrations, as Hindus and Sikhs moved to India, while Muslims migrated to Pakistan. The process was chaotic and marred by violence, with estimates suggesting that between 10 and 15 million people were displaced while hundreds of thousands died. Hostility and suspicion stemming from the partition continues to affect the relationship between India and Pakistan today.

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Excelent video. One of those moments in histroy that lessons should be learn't from