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Of all great western powers Spain is often the most overlooked and vilified, its darkest aspects are exagerated while its contributions to the western and global history ignored or minimized, the opposite is true of Britain or The Netherlands. In the case of Portugal, its history is quite frankly neglegted despite being the maritime power that inagurated the age of western global dominance. YT historians like Sand Rhoman shed a light to this and other missunderstood subjects of our shared history providing great service to us all.
Britain is frequently vilified, politicians blame Britain for their country’s poverty as they steal its wealth Though Spain influence is certainly overlooked within the English speaking world
There was a time when the British feared Spain and the Spanish Armada more than any other nation including their arch nemesis France, that alone should be enough for the respect that Spain deserves as a historical global superpower. And if im not mistaken "The Empire on which the sun never sets" was originally a Spanish Empire motto that was later stolen by the British. I've always had so much respect for Spain for their contribution to the founding of America among countless other things
@@nicolemakropoulos98 You are right about the motto-stealing. It infuriates me. I personally edited the Wikipedia article back in the day, and initiated the discussion until it was changed.
Sand Rhoman got my attention because of his emphesis on early modern armies. With all the emphesis on Napoleonic armies, or late medi-evil fights, there is a criminal lack of attention for the 300 ~ 400 years that changed warface and tactics forever.
There was a time when the British feared Spain and the Spanish Armada more than any other nation including their arch nemesis France, that alone should be enough for the respect that Spain deserves as a historical global superpower. And if im not mistaken "The Empire on which the sun never sets" was originally a Spanish Empire motto that was later stolen by the British. I've always had so much respect for Spain for their contribution to the founding of America among countless other things
Even in the Napoleonic Wars, the bulk of the imperial navy was the Spanish Armada. It was much larger than the British one but was by then much less efficient and thus they lost at Trafalgar and never recovered. What remained of it, quite outdated, was destroyed by the USA in the Spanish-American War, known as Cuba War or Cuba Disaster in Spain, in 1898. Today's Spanish Armada is around 2/3 the British Navy anyhow, a sizable and modern (but non-nuclear) force.
The Spanish started the age of colonisation, destroyed Native cities, brought in hundreds of thousands of African slaves, implemented a racial caste system and genocided a whole continent of people. They (the European colonising countries of France, Spain, England, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Netherlands and Portugal) were all absolutely horrendous, but what makes Spain especially bad is that they started it. Portugal only started colonising properly after Spain started it, they were basically pirates in the Indian Ocean.
@@jasonhaven7170 - The Spanish/Castilian Rosy Legend emphasizes that they conquered (and not destroyed) native cities, what a waste of colonial infrastructure! And that the law strictly forbade them from dealing in the slave trade in Africa, a role that was reserved for the Portuguese, although it was later form anyone else, mainly the British. That conquered nations were treated as subjects of the King or Queen (i.e. as close to "citizens" as monarchic ideology allowed, barring maybe granting them nobility status, which actually happened with some native nobility, mind you) and that Jesuit missions were communist utopias under the Pope (but the evil slaver Portuguese destroyed them, see the Holywood movie on the matter). They would also say that what you call a race/caste system is confusing the meaning of the word caste (casta in Iberorromance) which means ancestry or stock and was purely a scientific endeavor of studying Human diversity. That African slavery was adopted only to save Native Americans from it (and thus the Empire from losing valuable subjects), read about De Las Casas for more details, and that Columbus was rightly punished for his attrocities, as arguably were others. Holy crusader order ruled under the courts called audiencias and the governors called virreyes and capitanes generales. Two sides... you know.
@@LuisAldamiz There's no two sides. Countries like Cuba and Colombia have large Black populations and most have some Black ancestry because of centuries of importing African slaves. Whether it's to "save the Natives" or whatever, it was still horrendous. And they didn't "scientifcally" study human diversity. Race is a social construct and race and racism as we know it was invented by the Spanish.
@@jasonhaven7170 - I'm just saying that there are two visions: the black legend, which emphasizes the crimes, and the rosy legend, which emphasizes the humanitarianism, especially when comparing with the other four West European colonial powers: Portugal, Britain, France and the Netherlands, who certainly invested much more intensely in slavery, both in Africa (which Castile forbade to its subjects for centuries) and in America, where you can easily draw comparisons between a random French or British colony such as Haiti or Jamaica and the blackest Castilian colony: Dominican Republic, where everybody is mixed and in fact even developed a mulatto vs black, Dominican vs Haitian, variant racism of their own. The argument of the rosy legend is not so much "Spain did everything right" but "compared with all other West Europeans in their colonial-slaveist facet... Spain did many things better or less badly... so why they focus so much on Spain, when they should be focusing on their own evil? Anti-Spanish prejudice". In any case of course: Spain did lots of things horribly wrong. They still occupy the Basque Country and Catalonia, they sold West Sahara to Morocco because Uncle Sam demanded it, they were one of the last colonial powers to abolish slavery (in Cuba at the very least) and the treatment of indigenous peoples was often bad or even criminally horrible (very especially the tenure of Columbus in the Caribbean region, which was a brutal genocide without any positive side whatsoever). But then you compare to what the USA, or other American independent countries, did and they were almost angels in comparison. For example Spain never invaded the Mapuches but recognized their sovereignty, they were invaded by Chile after independence and the conflict still rages to this very day. Remember that the "whitening of America" happened only after independence, in the 19th and early 20th centurye, previously all across the double continent native and admixed populations were much more numerous and that is still apparent where there was no so much European immigration, from Mexico to Bolivia. Sure: Castile/Spain committed many crimes but those crimes pale in comparison of those of all other Western European powers and later also independent American nations often enough. The black legend cannot be in good faith only about Spain but about Old Europe and New Europe (creole Americas) as a whole.
Its crazy to think that the "Reconquista" is a period of 700 years and the USA is less than half that yet we are taught so little of this. Love the way this channel highlights the period of transition from medieval to early modern
Spanish history is often overlooked. Western historians dont seem to appreciate the impact of the Battle of Covadonga(before Tours), or the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, The Military Orders involved like the Templars, Calatrava & Knights of Santiago, Spain is also home to two of the oldest universities in Europe at Salamanca & Santiago de
@@tatumergo3931 history started July 4, 1776.... everything before that was a mistake! - Ron Swanson Also every time I hear "I was born in ___ before moving to the USA." They are usually younger than 10 when they mover here. Calm down buddy, you've probably already lost your accent
Yes, from that point, the Spanish started the age of colonisation, destroyed Native cities, brought in hundreds of thousands of African slaves, implemented a racial caste system and genocided a whole continent of people. They (the European colonising countries of France, Spain, England, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Netherlands and Portugal) were all absolutely horrendous, but what makes Spain especially bad is that they started it. Portugal only started colonising properly after Spain started it, they were basically pirates in the Indian Ocean.
An added foot note. Napoleon studied the campaigns of El Gran Capitan. That being said, the French desecrated his tomb when they invaded Spain during the Napoleonic Wars. The French did not like this guy. El Gran Capitain maximized both natural and man made obstacles to slow the attack and fix them in place to be shot to pieces by fire arms. This is the key to victory at Cerignola. At Castle Forte, he used the inherent mobility of the Spanish Army to out flank the French thus causing a general route. The classic master piece is Pavia in 1525 where Charles V destroyed the French Army and captured the French King Francis.
Reminds me of how the Romans hated Hannibal for his campaigns in Italy yet future generations of Roman commanders (such as Caesar) studied his tactics intensively.
@@Sealdeam Well, most of them have their _own_ skulls lying around some mountain in the Spanish countryside, so I guess the matter got evened-out pretty quickly.
Seeing how many defeats they suffer thanks to him it's not wonder, as @barbiquearea said, it's sort of like Hannibal and Rome, but what they did to his tomb was disgusting, thay would have also destroy other things, like La Alhambra, for example if not stopped.
@@MPRStigOsea Europa y sus colonias aledañas 😂😂😂😂 en efecto mucho odio, aún así que viva la hispanidad y Que viva ESPAÑAAAAAAAA! ....tenía que decirlo.
Well if you're the premier European power, everyone would look upon you with envy. The same thing would go down with the French and the British when they became the premier European hegemon.
Ferdinand and Isabella were the most phenomenal rulers of their generation. Look at their contemporaries-Henry VII of England, Maximilian I of HRE, Charles VIII and Louis XII of France. They faded into absolute oblivion. No French, English, or German commemorates them. Meanwhile Ferdinand and Isabella became singular icons of Spanish nationalism. Not a single history book in the world will fail to mention their decision to send Columbus. They inherited kingdoms torn apart by civil war for decades, but suddenly they were challenging almighty France and the Ottomans while planning to dominate the world. We aren’t talking about a Spain that had the privilege of generations of capable rulers, this is a Spain that had just one generation of rulers-a king and a queen-to fix their broken kingdoms. Not only did they fix it, oh no, they hurled it into imperial status-*THE* global imperial status. The status that would take Britain three centuries of good rule to claim. Spain did it all within just the lifetime of Ferdinand and Isabella. And when you realize the scale of their diligence, as in look at the map and see the vastness of Spain, and understand that they had travelled to *every town and city* that in a single year they could march two thousand kilometers. Look up “Itinerario de los Reyes Catolicos.” It’s insane. *They literally hiked back and forth across Spain for thirty years.*
"King,👑 Henry tudor the eighth wanted a divorce,⚮ from the spanish,🇪🇸 catholic Princess,👸 Catalina de Aragon, daughter of King, 👑 Ferdinand of Aragon and his wife Queen,👑 Isabella of Castile, resulting the religious reformation of the year fifteen hundred twenty-one."
"Almighty france" france wasnt even at half of its current size and was still leagues above spain without the hre to carry them and france was absolutely devastated after the hundred years war and the plague stop glazing
As a Spanish and as a follower that finds your Channel the best in YT thank you gracias one thousand times for this video,so looking forward to watch it
@Tu regere imperio fluctus, Hispane, memento ¿Cuál rey? Es una demoniocracia. Del que hablas es un títere y una máscara sin el poder de un rey verdadero. Es semejante al rey Burger King. LOL
@Tu regere imperio fluctus, Hispane, memento La Sinagoga de Satanás mandó a su perro Napupuleón a derribar a los reyes poderosos de Europa, y por ende, del mundo. Los Protocolos de los Sabios de Sion explica la historia mejor que cualquier fuente popular superficial Disneyista. El Islam los judíos la inventaron para contrarrestar el poder de Europa cuya religión inventaron también creando una versión fraudulente del Cristianismo. Jesús dijo que la mayoría va al infierno. Esto implica que no hay ni una ciudad cristiana, o iría la mayoría al cielo. Entonces no hay reino cristiano. Todos los reinos católicos son, según la implicación de las palabras de Jesús, no pudieron haber sido cristianos. Imposible. Jesús contra el mundo. Tú sigues la Roma terrenal en vez del Jerusalén celestial.
This is a video about Spain but this lights my heart as a Portuguese! Because the Iberian Peninsula is often overlooked, specially Portugal, but who cares about us right? We just held Rome for +200 years (Rome´s vietnam), while Gaul(France) was conquered in basically 10 years but yet you study more about them than Iberia. We had probably the longest non-stop conflict in history the Reconquista basically 800 years, basically the only crusade that actually was sucessful permanently but let´s speak about all the other failed crusades into the Holy Land. We were Napoleon´s Vietnam, bet let´s just speak about Russia or Prussia And of course we started the age of discovery and conquered most of the world together, but let´s speak about just England and French Expansion. This comment is not an attack on other countries history of course, I am using examples how often this history land is overlooked compared to other countries, much love!
the efforts put against gaul were infinitely higher than backwater iberia lol and the gauls were in civil war now compare that to the pathetic defence you put against the arabs who conquered you in days and tried to do the same with france just to get slapped back to arabic spain tails between their legs
Greetings from Ukraine! 🇺🇦🇪🇸 Spanish history is so rich and magnificent! It is a shame that because of the "black legend" Spain and its incredible achievements were shunned by the rest of Europe for so long. Spanish Tercios were a truly ingenious and formidable military formations, a true juggernaut that rolled over its enemies for many decades and brave Spanish warriors were true gods of war of their time! Let the Cross of Burgundy flag fly forever! Be proud, Spain! Greetings from Ukraine 🇺🇦🇪🇸!
The conquistadors were the few nobles and leaders that decided to conquer aztec and inqa empires that were not lucky in spain. They needed earn the reputation by invading American continent. The tercios were the proffesional and élite units used by Spain in Europe to combat protestants and muslims.
many conquistadores were fighting in the tercios in europe like pedro de valdivia who tried to use the tactics against the nativs in present day south of chile and was defeated miserably by stone age tribes
2:04 Reforms under Ferdinand & Isabella leading to conquest of Granada (Hermandad ---> Santa Hermandad) 4:22 Military reforms after Reconquista 5:41 Changes in cavalry 9:47 Changes in Infantry 12:10 Tactical reforms 15:45 Spanish victory over the French in Naples
When I was a kid, I was naturally interested in Spain and its history and culture because a third of the placenames in the US are Spanish. They colonized huge swathes of modern US soil. I thought that was neat.
The 'Camino Real' along the west coast was an amazing investment and feat of colonization all on its own. Had Spain managed to retain control over the region into the 19th century it is unlikely the USA would have provoked the war which led to the acquisition of California at the exact same date that gold was publicly discovered.
@@tatumergo3931 the truth about Spain, as an Spaniard, is the government. While France was in the start of Revolution due to the influence of Voltaire or Montesquieu, Spain had ilustrated ministers introduced by Spanish French bourbons to rebuilt the outdated kingdom left by Austria Family. Main French intelectuals of French Revolution had a real envy. However, Charles IV, in the late XVIII. Century substitutes them to the intervention in French Revolution to save French Royal family in spite of rejecting all the advises of his ministers. All the Reforms were stopped and Manuel Godoy was elected to lead kings command joining with the adventure in Revolution in France and against Napoleon. The war against French Napoleon was a tremendous mistake that Make Spain an occupied and slave country by French armies, the Spain Royal Navy destroyed by Nelson in Trafalgar and later the independence of american colonies. All the effort achieved in XVIII.century destroyed by the decision of one King. The Reforms of the ilustrated ministers. -Reduce of church influence and the Inquisition. -Shipbuilding. -Industry, the main Royal Manufacturers, the textile industry was in top3 of the world. - Free market, including to expand the commerce with Américas, from 1 commercial ports to 8. -Education Reforms. And Even more. One of the main reforma that was stopped, was to introduce the liberal reform to reduce the power of King and be more parlamentary. Separation of the three powers. The British Style of parlamentary monarchy was the principal idea. Later, Ferdinand VII, son Charles IV, in spite of all spaniard thaught that he Will Accept the first Spanish Constitution he rejected. Even he made a violent repression to force the absolutism provocking a great angry of Spanish people and the rebelion in American Colonies. And the end, he provocked a republican feeling in Spanish people. In 1820, thanks to Riego General that he decided not to intervene in American Colonies. All spanish fleet, fulled of tens of thousand of soldiers made a rebellion against the King and was forced to sign the Constitution. But like always, France came for aid to the King and the absolutism was reestablish, the 100.000 sons of Sant Louis intervene in Spain. At the end, that XIX.century become the Age of Spanish revolutions.
@@jasonhaven7170 Simply USA took advantange of the bad situation of Spain. The Spanish American War was called in Spain, the disaster of 98. Not only affected to Colonies also in the mainland. The catalans economic interests in Cuba, the slavery, pressured Spanish Government to not sell Cuba to the USA. After the defeat, the catalans said, the guilty is Madrid and the catalan nationalism movement born. The same happened in basque country with the born of basque nationalism. Thats why, USA not only defeat Spain in a Battle, It sunk It morally.
Spain is the best, even culturally they still have their influence to this day. Magellan' inspired me to paint 16th century Spanish Infantry Greetings from Las yslas Filipinas!
Fun note, the big inovation in the use of arquebus was not using them in place of bows, but instead using them in place of halberds. You'll note that pre coronelia force was pikes with a halberd core much like the swiss. But when arquebus became the primary ranged weapon, halberds were replaced with swords (and in smaller number). This is because the halberds role was to break armor and the spanish innovation was to recognize that the arquebus was better at it. The swordsmen were retained to serve only the defensive role halberds used to have. tldr; guns didn't replace bows, they replaced halberds.
I now have a much better appreciation of the rise of Spain. I always thought they bought power with Inca gold. I now appreciate that like most of history there was much more to it than that. Thank you for your comprehensive information.
No. The New World colonies were in fact a huge deficit for Spain for a long while before they became profitable. It would in fact be a few centuries before they would have developed to the point of becoming largely profitable, and by then, Spain had to deal with the other Europeans meddling there as well.
But, how did you think the Spanish got all that gold, silver and other expensive materials from the Incas or the Aztecs? They did it only after defeating the American armies and its empires. Just look at a map of the whole planet and compare the tiny size of the current Spanish State with the size of South America, Central America and the territories in North America that now form Mexico and the states conquered by the US to Mexico, identified easily for their Spanish names: New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Colorado and California. (This last one is not really Spanish, but an invented name in a Spanish adventures novel written in the 16th century). All that territory was inhabited by several hundred million people when Columbus arrived thinking to be at India. 🤭 How did just a few thousands Spanish men, not all with military experience, subdued so many people? First, by sheer force. Read about the end of the Incan Empire to see the best example of it. And then, by the diseases the Europeans (Spanish, Portuguese, French, Dutch, English and others) took to America. Historians estimate that at the start of the 16th century the central plateau of Mexico was inhabited by some 20 million persons with no defence against the European diseases that killed most of them. The population did not reach again those numbers until the 20th century, half a millenium!
@@caniconcananas7687 The spanish method was to ally with the Other natives and indigenous to destroy their slaverists enemies like the aztecs or the incas.
@@Desco51 That was what Cortés did against the Aztecs. But Pizarro and his Spanish troops were alone against all the Incan Empire, with no allies. What he did was to cut the head of the prey, kidnapping the Inca, the emperor.
Most people don’t recognise the fact the creator of the tercios Gonzalo Fernandez de Córdoba is one of the greatest military leaders in history. Love and respected by his men and his enemies. De Córdoba is in the same bracket as Julius Caesar. Solo Es libre el hombre que no tiene miedo. El gran Capitan.
Funny trivia: Because of these crime fighting 'brotherhoods' and having been part of Spain, one of the nicknames for the Dutch police even today, is the 'hermandad'.
I know it is mostly technicality, but is it considered that the Netherlands and Belgium were part of Spain? Even though their kings ruled those parts due their titles which they inherited from the Burgundy side of the family and not from the spanish side?
@@Sealdeam Those were simply not a thing at the time. The Dutch kingship was created well after the Eighty Years War and the Belgian kingship from fighting the Dutch. Willem Van Oranje carried the titles prince of Orange and count of Orange-Nassau, so he was not a king. That can still be seen in the Dutch national anthem, which tells the story of how Willem is a good guy, who's obedient to the Spanish king and does everything right (this is not untrue actually, he was loyal to Spain and rose to be captain-general and even refused a position because he thought he was too young), but over time the extreme tyranny of that king forces him against his will to rebel because as a christian he can't do anything but that. Which is important, because in the views of the time (catholic ones mostly), kings were appointed by god, overthrowing a king was sacrilege unless you had a big justification. You could have people turn on you if you violated the rank system of nobility by making yourself an illegitimate king. The Dutch national anthem is basically a justification of why Spain had to be overthrown. For the same reason the Spanish murder of the counts of Egmond and Horne was a huge deal, much bigger than thousands of commoners being murdered. Nobles were above other people, they were entitled to a trial and even treason ussually ended in a fine or banishment, you couldn't just go around killing nobles.
@@nvelsen1975 I know the Low Countries were not a kingdom until much later, the Habsburgs ruled those territories as Counts of Flanders (and other non-kingly titles they got mostly from their Valois-Burgundy ancestors) my question was more about if the Low Countries were then considered as part of a kingdom in a nominal sense, the Count of Flanders had at that moment an overlord even if that overlord was himself or if was a title that was completely detached from any kingdom or empire both in practice and in paper?.
@@Sealdeam Depended per region really. The counts of Holland were known for their independant-mindededness that started way back in the 10th century. Under them the commoners were fairly free and not taxed that much. Floris V was nicknamed 'the God of the common man' While the bishops of Utrecht were set up even during the Frankish empire as integrators of imperial power. They did things like raze the entire village of Eemnes and force all the people to relocate to move them further away from the Gooi region and any silly notions of not being serfs and property. While as catholic bishops they were the enemy entering the Eighty Years War. My knowledge of that is good since I am an Erfgooier, one of the inheritors of (since 1972 defunct) land rights bestowed by the counts of Holland in 1404, bordering Utrecht and subject to several significant feudal wars. Through this it's certain one or more of my ancestors has fought either the Frisians or Utrechters on behalf of Holland. Gelre (Karel van Egmond for example) considered itself its own power had just spent the Gueldrian Wars trolling the Burgundy/Habsburgs. Plus further south there was the Great Privilege that limited Habsburg power. I would say 'nominal sense unless demonstrated differently'. But that question can only be fully answered with a lot of studying individual fiefdoms, regions and cities.
Nice to see a video that makes justice to the Spanish. Current history discourse is dominated by an Anglo-Saxon view, minimizing Spain's achievements and the many years they dominated the world from the Filipines to Italy, exaggerating the history of the Inquisition, and negating most of its many contributions to the modern world in warfare, legal philosophy, and sheer cultural influence.
What language did you write that comment in... English or Anglo Saxon what language was this presented in English/Anglo Saxon..... probably why history discourse is dominated by English/Anglo Saxon world view lol
@@ryanvouche254 it's dominated by the Anglo language because this stupid, ugly language, is easy enough for a lot of people to learn under the Pax Americana. The Lingua franca once was Latin, Portuguese, Spanish or French, depending of the era. Hell, it was French even when Britain was the world power, because even their intellectuals couldn't stand English lol.
Bizarrely my alma mater UCLA despite being in LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, an area discovered, colonized settled and converted by Spain with millions of at least partly Spanish descended inhabitants, doesn't currently have any Spanish history classes. A ton of Jewish history classes though. I took a modern Spanish history class on the Civil War era and got interested. Then I realized that my clan not only came from what is now Galicia to southern Ireland, but that the two areas had sustained cultural and economic contact for millenia. My people went to Spain to serve in the military, battle Islam and then work in the Royal Colonial bureaucracy all over the world. It was also a refuge for Irish Catholics and a place to study religion and train priests. We even have a branch of our clan still in Spain. More Spanish and Portugese history please. Thanks for not following the standard English lines on this.
You're understanding of Spanish history is just wrong, during the Umayyad caliphate Cordoba was the biggest city in Europe in the medieval ages because of Islam and it's thirst for learning, do you really think this would have happened under christian rule.
christians should have taken Spain back anyways because the caliphate fractured long ago and the Muslims that were there in 1492 cannot be compared to the Muslims who were there in Spain 711-750.
Funny I'm from Mexico all my family is for generations yet 80% of my DNA is Iberian which is Spanish Portuguese and Basque but I have Irish Welsh and North English. what you say makes sense since there was a intermixing of culture between Galicians and Basques with the Irish and Scotts. I kinda makes sense now as of why I have DNA from the Brittish Isles
You’re probably my favorite channel right now. Please do more videos about Spanish history. I would love to learn the story of how Spain got its foothold in the Netherlands
there it is again, that mysterious Portugal, that chunk of Iberia that at one point pops into existence and then is always just "there". I'd like a video that illustrates the shared history of Portugal and Spain
@Tu regere imperio fluctus, Hispane, memento Heretics, not Christsians. No Christian would contradict Jesus' message that wide is the path to destruction, and many go that way, which is the Catholic message: "We are such a wide path, that we are UNIVERSAL AKA CATHOLIC!"
@Tu regere imperio fluctus, Hispane, memento Jesus said he did not come to abolish the Law, but to fulfill it. The Law includes not making images to bow to them as unto gods. Catholics don't care about God's Law which was never abolished. Certain parts no longer apply because they were for ancient Israel to foreshadow the Messiah, such as sacrificing lambs. But some things remain God's will, such as not depicting Jesus, lest someone worship the man-made image instead of the true Jesus. Catholics always put their man-made traditions above God's word. Jesus hated the Pharisees for doing the same.
@@scintillam_dei Look an heretic trying to whipe out centuries of history and evolution of the Church. So the lutherans from Germany and Sweden never spilled a drop of blood? How many people did Calvin made burn at the stake? Miguel Servet in memoriam.
The only reason Portugal didn't join Castile/Aragon at this time is because they didn't have the monarchs to marry and thus bring Portugal closer to the other Iberian Kingdoms.
Fun fact: the Portuguese were the first Western power to find an alternative route to India and the spice/silk market by circunnavegating Africa. But then they clashed with the Egiptian Mamluk Sultanate, who also had their own trade network in the Indic Ocean and were the ones who almost monopolized that trade. So they clashed, clash that the Portuguese won. Then they proceeded to block the commerce route that crossed the Red Sea and was vital for the Mamluks, and that drove their State to bankrupcy. Then, a fe years after that, their weakness was exploited and they were conquered by the Ottomans.
A lot of people only think of the tercio as a military formation. Its real power was its logistical and command formation. You could send a tercio on campaign and expect almost the same power tercio on the return.
For many decades, the history we learned in the USA was essentially British history. There was little time dedicated to the Empires and cultures that rose outside of England. I refer of course to the Ottomans, the Italians, the Holy Roman Empire, the Swedish Empire, the Polish Lithuanian Empire or the Hapsburgs. Mention of France and Spain, were generally briefly covered but only as 'the enemy of Britain.' This is a shame, because it leaves a big hole in our understanding of history.
@@batallasdeshorts4149 So much of what people in the Anglophone world believe is history, is nothing but English and Dutch 16th and 17th century propaganda.
Proud to support this awesome channel. I quite enjoy the focus on the 'blank spots' of mainstream history. ¡Viva españa!
2 года назад+35
Since you released that other video of the Spanish Tercios a long time ago, I was waiting for you to do something of its origins. The story of how the Catholic Monarchs planned the genesis of what would become a great empire is impressive; Very rarely has something with such repercussions been seen in history. By the way, despite the adoption of the Swiss model in the Infantry, the Spanish army did not completely abandon its way of fighting legacy after years of facing the mobile armies of the Muslims (something that is also reflected in its ability to combine multiple types of weapons in formation), this tactical flexibility would be essential for the operation that was later given to the Coronelias in the first instance and then to the Companies of the Spanish Tercios (the companies were the true combat unit, the "Tercios" were only their logistical and administrative grouping, this is usually omitted, subtracting the flexibility they possessed). In addition, the Castilian and Aragonese armies were perhaps the ones that had the most veteran soldiers in Europe at that time, because they had spent entire centuries of continuous wars against each other and against the Moors, so it is incorrect to say that it was outdated compared to the French, since as shown in the Granada War and the Battle of Cerignola, the Spanish were much more adapted to gunpowder weapons than the French and used it long before Queen Isabella of Castile (in the only thing that the French surpassed them, was in cavalry organization, as samples). Something that is shown in how easily they adapted and then surpassed the Swiss model. An important correction that must be made is that the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon were already powerful before their union, so the marriage of the kings only strengthened and maximized their power, not starting it as you say at the beginning. An example of this is in the importance that Castile had at the end of the Hundred Years' War with its fleet (where both the French and the English fought to gain their support, intervening in the Castilian civil war of that time ) and that Aragon was a Mediterranean power, which controlled territories that reached the Italian peninsula, from the thirteenth or fourteenth century.
Muy buen video, faltaba que alguien cubriera los hechos antes de la batalla de Cerignola y pusiera en contexto la evolución de la peninsula bajo los Reyes Católicos. Junto con Pike&Shot Channel este canal es de lo mejor acerca de historia del siglo de oro Español. Recuerdo que encontré vuestro canal cuando mi interés por las guerras italianas me hizo buscar contenido sobre ello. Y desde luego me quede al ver que tenías muchísimos videos sobre historia militar española. Es una pena por eso que como Español puedo afirmar que no hay canales de RUclips sobre la historia de España con el nivel de detalle de vuestros videos o con el énfasis en historia militar. Y me temo que se debe a que culturalmente los españoles no apreciamos nuestro pasado como pueblo y hay incluso una mala intención de nuestras instituciones por desprestigiarlo y hacer que no nos sintamos orgullosos de este y de los logros de nuestros antepasados. Gracias es todo un detalle que alguien extranjero si sea capaz de apreciarlo y hacerle justicia.
Yo diría que aquel desprestigio proviene en gran medida del hecho de que mucho del facherío actual, gente mala en resumen, idolatra aquella época mi estimado. No hay que perder eso de vista. Es lo que me pasa a mí, me encanta la historia y el hecho de que este canal no desprestigie y dé atención a España pero es casi garantizado que si una persona actual tiene de avatar la Cruz de Borgoña la tiene en el mismo sentido que si tuviera la bandera confederada estadounidense y es una pena.
@@tobias064 el prejuicio de pensar q alguien utilice la Cruz de Borgoña como avatar y asociarlo a la pelicula actual del panorama politico es parte de este problema. Es seguir proyectando el sesgo del paradigma contemporáneo sobre le historia. Ni hay q flipar en tratar de reproducir las sociedades y valores q hemos dejado atrás ni hay q juzgar dichas sociedades y sus valores acorde al dogma de ideologías modernas. Hay q buscar un equilibrio entre apreciar los logros y éxitos del pasado con suficiente honestidad y autocrítica como para ver las cagadas. Y así con suerte darse cuenta hoy de q se tiene q hacer mejor y donde se esta metiendo la pata.
@@egillskallagrimson5879 No dije que usar X símbolo automáticamente indica X cosa. Dije "es casi garantizado", no es lo mismo. Te vas a la bandera confederada y ahí te quiero ver sosteniendo lo mismo y tirando esa de que "no hay que juzgar con los valores de ahora" pero dale dejate de joder no seamos ingenuos gastándonos más en garantizar el beneficio de la duda para fachos "No, lo que pasa que falange viene del latin falantum que significa margarita no lo jUzGEs" antes que tomar por las astas el problema actual de las desigualdades sociales que es monumental y que muy bien lo podés apreciar en determinadas comunidades. Ej, porque hay que ejemplificar: es más probable que encuentre determinados elementos en comunidades de juegos medievales que en foros de juegos random casuales etc. Y obviamente hay una apreciación socialógica para eso que no es casualidad.
No es que no lo aprecien si lo aprecian en forma extraordinariamente desmesurada en algunos casos el asunto es que carecen del IQ necesario para hacer buenos trabajos de animacion y dejar de lado su chauvinismo para atraer la atencion y naturalmente que aprendan ingles que es el idioma de la divulgacion del conocimiento mundial
As a 15th century Spanish military reenactor, all great, except on saying that heavily armed men at arms were not common in Castille until end 15th century. That's not true. In most cases, every man at arms had two sets of equipment: one as jinete and another one as a "heavy knight". So, depend of the situation, they fought on one way or another.
The spanish empire was the true successor of roman spirit literally an empire based on inclusion in turning who ever wanted to into a castillian it was not perfect but was great empire that is normally understimated and forgoten
2:10 goals 2:40 hermandad (small garrsons of local troops later a central version was made, the first central military police to maintain order and was used in war along side some conscripts) 4:16 logistics(built roads, more manufacturing and comunication structure) Due to Spanish army being used to fight the lighter Muslims they were able to be skermishers and fight in any environment but not stand against the heavy french forces and swiss pikemen 8:40 new cavalry unit of mostly light but some heavy 10:10 amount of armoment each population class was required to bring, rich were heavy troops, midle class were medium troops or could be crossbow/gunmen and poorer units were light skermishers made of mostly poor conscrips and volonters 12:20 swisa formastion and history of some conflicts at this point the hermandad central was dispdes but small local units still ecsisted 14:10 new military units (basically like the swiss with french cavillry and special spanish sword men and round shelds) then lots of history
There's a small correction. In Ibéria the full heavy armour of a helmet, cuirass, grebas (for the lower part of the leg), gauntlets, backrest (for the shoulders), arms, legs and scarf for the feet, with around 30kg, where used since the XIII century. Making the Iberian Kingdoms one of the most military developed locals on hearth. Obviously useless against the powerfull light cavalry used by the Muslim Kimgdoms. So, new tactiques where necessery. Cheers from Portugal, specially to the Spanish brothers. Vamos.
Excellent summary, very well researched and very good selection of historical sources. A great work as usual. Your Spanish accent is as bad as my Dutch but that makes it more fun to hear
@@Raadpensionaris Thanks! He sounds Dutch and he has published so much and so good about the Netherlands that I was 100% sure we was from Utrecht or near by 😂😂😂
The Swiss only used pikes and halberds in closed squares. Gonzalo de Cordoba did not copy Swiss system, he created something totally new. The combination of "rodeleros", pikeman and crossbowmen. These crossbows were progressively replaced by firearms, which in turn was making the shield ineffective.
The Reconquista was concentrated between 1085 and 1212, i.e. between the conquest of Toledo and the final defeat of the Almohads at Navas de Tolosa. Afterwards borders were stable and previous to 1085 they had been also stable for centuries. Pronunciation tips: "h" is silent in Spanish (hence "hermandad" is read /ermandad/) and qu- is read as mere /k/ ("reconquista" = /rekonkista/).
@@rocobalboa1826 - Same thing. Unless I'm talking to a historical-linguistic qualified audience, who knows what Castile is and that Spain did not exist politically before the 19th century, I don't make such distinction in English. Lo hago en castellano por contra: no existe el idioma "español".
@@rocobalboa1826 - No creo que estemos de acuerdo: yo creo que España no existe, que históricamente sólo significaba Iberia (península y Balears) pero que ahora, desde Napoleón, se ha convertido en sinónimo de Gran Castilla, estado opresor.
@Don Manué - Eso lo tendréis que decidir colectivamente los y las andaluzas. Yo apoyo el derecho de autoderminación de Andalucía, pero si queréis seguir siendo CASTELLANOS (que no "españoles") por derecho de conquista y tal... pues vuestro problema. Simplemente no vayáis salpicando para afuera vuestra sumisión colonial romana con el "a por ellos!" terrorista-imperialista. Dicho esto, objetivamente Andalucía ganaría con la independencia: sin duda tu país estaba mucho mejor no sólo con el emirato/califato de Córdoba, sino también con la antigua Tartessos antes de que los fenicios la destruyeran para establecer su monopolio colonial y los romanos dieran el toque de gracia y consolidaran el latifundismo colonial. Esto último es algo de lo que necesitáis salir sí o sí: si no estáis condenados a ser como Sicilia: a no levantar cabeza jamás. No es una cuestión ya de nacionalidades y autogobierno, sino de democracia económica, de devolver la tierra y el poder al pueblo, a tu pueblo.
@@LuisAldamiz Honestamente, creo que los andaluzes haremos y nos consideraremos lo que nos venga en gana y tu no pintas nada diciendo lo que hay o lo que tenemos o no que hacer o ser o pensar. Mucho os gusta a los vascos decir a otros lo que deben hacer y pensar pero que a vosotros no os digan nada.
Out of curiosity, how were the organization of Spanish army in the New World during this period? As the geographic location and the opposing armies were vastly different from the battlefield in Europe
they rellied entirely on their local american lord allies , largely using american militia of natives for everything, america was relatively peacefull and depopulated so armied where rare.
They were not yet there. Many of the soldiers that fought in Italy in the first tercios were later involved in the conquest of Mexico and Peru. Pizarro was one of them.
@@cseijifja Mexico was not peaceful at all and Peru was in the middle of a civil war when the Spain arrived there. Pizarro arrived with less than 200 men and got the support of the defeated side of the civil war to launch his campaign. In Mexico the Spanish led a revolt against the Mexicas who were a cruel and tyrannical culture. They sacrificed tens of thousands of enemies every years and then ate them. They were truly hated by the peoples they dominated. Cortes attacked Mexico with 500 Spaniards and around 150.000 allies, mainly from Tlaxcala who decided to put an end to that cruel empire. The big depopulation came after the arrival of the Spanish with a number of epidemics that dramatically decimated the local population.
@@julio5prado that is what i mean by the spanish winign by largely setting coalition of allied lords, for example, in manco icnas rebellion, at the cusp of the total defeat and anihilation of the spanish at lima, contarhuancho , the cacique of huaylas( a very important vassal of the incas) sent an enormous army to lift the siegue and beat back the rebel incas. Nothing the spanish did was as important as securing the alliance of the native lords, stronger , better and more numerous incursions than pizarro adn cortez happened, they got massacrated by jungle hobos because thats what happened if you didnt do diplomacy first.
Kind of sad you dont have any video about Portugal, would love to see a video about the battle of cochin. Love the style of art and animations you use on these videos.
Pietro Monte (possibly Spanish but living in Milan) wrote about combining pikers & heavily armored troops with large shields as a way to defeat the common Swiss/German order of the late 15th century. Similarly, Niccolò Machiavelli recommended targetiers as a way to defeat pikers, citing Spanish success at the Battle of Ravenna 1512 as an example. Diego de Salazar, who drew heavily from Machiavelli, advocated targetiers (rodeleros) as well, & assigned them darts/javelins to throw. Various 16th-century military writers agreed that targetiers could be extremely effective against pikers, as pikes can't be used up close & then becomes soldiers with swords against soldiers with swords & shields. However, targetiers had trouble resisting heavy cavalry according to these same writers. So, like halberdiers, targetiers were specialized troops for fighting in the press of battle. They also could be especially useful for assaulting fortifications & scouting, as the shield offered additional protection against missile weapons. In the later 16th century, Spanish armies mainly used rodelas for officers & for assaulting fortifications, scouting, & the like. Some of these later rodelas were proof against the arquebus & rather heavy. Shields continued to see military service well into the 17th century; the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau/Orange promoted them for a spell. The Tercios de Flandes blog post on rodeleros is great if you read Spanish.
@@b.h.abbott-motley2427 Great explanation!! now I invite you to read this out loud if you speak Brazilian Portuguese: "As rodelas dos espanhois protegiam os soldados das picas do suiços" I swear it wasn't my intention to turn this into a joke... but I just can't stop laughing right now.
"We hereby claim this island 🏝 of the new world 🗺 and all of its riches, 🪙 in the name their royal 👑 majesty, 🤴King Ferdinand the 2nd, of Aragon, and 👸 Queen Isabella the 1st of Castile, of Granada, Spain." 🇪🇸
Very thorough video, very complete. I like it, I learned a lot. Although it's a little bit fun to hear "jiñete" instead of "jinete" 😋, good try, but very good pronunciation of the J sound and many other words. It can be translated as "horseman" as well, the term implies "riding a horse", since a "riding party" would have a very different meaning (pillage). Jinetes weren't pillagers, but as the video tell, horsemen, that is light and skirmish cavalry.
I'd love to see a video on medieval naval warfare, it seems an often forgotten aspect of medieval war likely because of the rarity of actual naval engagements but what were the tactics in the naval battles that did happen?
is pretty common here in Spain that our story is plagued by defeatism and shame. we learn this in schools, i think is shameful because this country had and still have brilliant people.
Great video and Art work. @6:50 the tree 8n the back ground kinda makes the knights shield look like a tomato. Lol gave me a chuckle on a rough&tough day.
If it's spelled with an H then why is it being pronounced "Herman" instead of "erman", since normally the H is silent in Spanish and the J takes its sound
The empire where the sun never sets. That alone gives you a complete idea of the power of Spain at its height. I doubt that such a power has been built only with the defeats that have been publicized so much by English propaganda (his great opponent). Of course the latter ended up winning in the long run.
If you want to support our two-man project, please like the video and comment down below in what ways we could improve our videos.
Also, check out World Anvil here: www.worldanvil.com and use code SANDRHOMAN for 40% off.
Lastly, check out our video on the French army that complements this one and gives a lot of needed context: ruclips.net/video/NdKB6PfgcCA/видео.html
the swords and armors you shown under Isabella and Ferdinand are a bit too 16th century.
I would be your patron but that would be patronizing.
You made a nicely informative video. I enjoyed it.
Please do a series on the Ottoman, Polish-Lithuanian and Russian armies. I'm really interested on how Eastern Militaries Developed over the centuries
Can u make a video describing the english or french armys in time of reinnesanse?
Of all great western powers Spain is often the most overlooked and vilified, its darkest aspects are exagerated while its contributions to the western and global history ignored or minimized, the opposite is true of Britain or The Netherlands.
In the case of Portugal, its history is quite frankly neglegted despite being the maritime power that inagurated the age of western global dominance.
YT historians like Sand Rhoman shed a light to this and other missunderstood subjects of our shared history providing great service to us all.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Legend_(Spain)
Britain is frequently vilified, politicians blame Britain for their country’s poverty as they steal its wealth
Though Spain influence is certainly overlooked within the English speaking world
There was a time when the British feared Spain and the Spanish Armada more than any other nation including their arch nemesis France, that alone should be enough for the respect that Spain deserves as a historical global superpower. And if im not mistaken "The Empire on which the sun never sets" was originally a Spanish Empire motto that was later stolen by the British. I've always had so much respect for Spain for their contribution to the founding of America among countless other things
@@nicolemakropoulos98 You are right about the motto-stealing. It infuriates me. I personally edited the Wikipedia article back in the day, and initiated the discussion until it was changed.
Sand Rhoman got my attention because of his emphesis on early modern armies. With all the emphesis on Napoleonic armies, or late medi-evil fights, there is a criminal lack of attention for the 300 ~ 400 years that changed warface and tactics forever.
There was a time when the British feared Spain and the Spanish Armada more than any other nation including their arch nemesis France, that alone should be enough for the respect that Spain deserves as a historical global superpower. And if im not mistaken "The Empire on which the sun never sets" was originally a Spanish Empire motto that was later stolen by the British. I've always had so much respect for Spain for their contribution to the founding of America among countless other things
Even in the Napoleonic Wars, the bulk of the imperial navy was the Spanish Armada. It was much larger than the British one but was by then much less efficient and thus they lost at Trafalgar and never recovered. What remained of it, quite outdated, was destroyed by the USA in the Spanish-American War, known as Cuba War or Cuba Disaster in Spain, in 1898. Today's Spanish Armada is around 2/3 the British Navy anyhow, a sizable and modern (but non-nuclear) force.
The Spanish started the age of colonisation, destroyed Native cities, brought in hundreds of thousands of African slaves, implemented a racial caste system and genocided a whole continent of people. They (the European colonising countries of France, Spain, England, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Netherlands and Portugal) were all absolutely horrendous, but what makes Spain especially bad is that they started it. Portugal only started colonising properly after Spain started it, they were basically pirates in the Indian Ocean.
@@jasonhaven7170 - The Spanish/Castilian Rosy Legend emphasizes that they conquered (and not destroyed) native cities, what a waste of colonial infrastructure! And that the law strictly forbade them from dealing in the slave trade in Africa, a role that was reserved for the Portuguese, although it was later form anyone else, mainly the British. That conquered nations were treated as subjects of the King or Queen (i.e. as close to "citizens" as monarchic ideology allowed, barring maybe granting them nobility status, which actually happened with some native nobility, mind you) and that Jesuit missions were communist utopias under the Pope (but the evil slaver Portuguese destroyed them, see the Holywood movie on the matter).
They would also say that what you call a race/caste system is confusing the meaning of the word caste (casta in Iberorromance) which means ancestry or stock and was purely a scientific endeavor of studying Human diversity. That African slavery was adopted only to save Native Americans from it (and thus the Empire from losing valuable subjects), read about De Las Casas for more details, and that Columbus was rightly punished for his attrocities, as arguably were others. Holy crusader order ruled under the courts called audiencias and the governors called virreyes and capitanes generales.
Two sides... you know.
@@LuisAldamiz There's no two sides. Countries like Cuba and Colombia have large Black populations and most have some Black ancestry because of centuries of importing African slaves. Whether it's to "save the Natives" or whatever, it was still horrendous. And they didn't "scientifcally" study human diversity. Race is a social construct and race and racism as we know it was invented by the Spanish.
@@jasonhaven7170 - I'm just saying that there are two visions: the black legend, which emphasizes the crimes, and the rosy legend, which emphasizes the humanitarianism, especially when comparing with the other four West European colonial powers: Portugal, Britain, France and the Netherlands, who certainly invested much more intensely in slavery, both in Africa (which Castile forbade to its subjects for centuries) and in America, where you can easily draw comparisons between a random French or British colony such as Haiti or Jamaica and the blackest Castilian colony: Dominican Republic, where everybody is mixed and in fact even developed a mulatto vs black, Dominican vs Haitian, variant racism of their own.
The argument of the rosy legend is not so much "Spain did everything right" but "compared with all other West Europeans in their colonial-slaveist facet... Spain did many things better or less badly... so why they focus so much on Spain, when they should be focusing on their own evil? Anti-Spanish prejudice".
In any case of course: Spain did lots of things horribly wrong. They still occupy the Basque Country and Catalonia, they sold West Sahara to Morocco because Uncle Sam demanded it, they were one of the last colonial powers to abolish slavery (in Cuba at the very least) and the treatment of indigenous peoples was often bad or even criminally horrible (very especially the tenure of Columbus in the Caribbean region, which was a brutal genocide without any positive side whatsoever). But then you compare to what the USA, or other American independent countries, did and they were almost angels in comparison. For example Spain never invaded the Mapuches but recognized their sovereignty, they were invaded by Chile after independence and the conflict still rages to this very day. Remember that the "whitening of America" happened only after independence, in the 19th and early 20th centurye, previously all across the double continent native and admixed populations were much more numerous and that is still apparent where there was no so much European immigration, from Mexico to Bolivia.
Sure: Castile/Spain committed many crimes but those crimes pale in comparison of those of all other Western European powers and later also independent American nations often enough. The black legend cannot be in good faith only about Spain but about Old Europe and New Europe (creole Americas) as a whole.
Its crazy to think that the "Reconquista" is a period of 700 years and the USA is less than half that yet we are taught so little of this. Love the way this channel highlights the period of transition from medieval to early modern
Spanish history is often overlooked. Western historians dont seem to appreciate the impact of the Battle of Covadonga(before Tours), or the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, The Military Orders involved like the Templars, Calatrava & Knights of Santiago, Spain is also home to two of the oldest universities in Europe at Salamanca & Santiago de
Actually most of the Reconquista happened in little more than a century, between 1085 and 1212.
@@erniegutierrez2288 We do know about the El Cid, liberation of Seville, and Battle of Lepanto though
@@tatumergo3931 history started July 4, 1776.... everything before that was a mistake!
- Ron Swanson
Also every time I hear "I was born in ___ before moving to the USA." They are usually younger than 10 when they mover here. Calm down buddy, you've probably already lost your accent
You learn about Pelagius or Pelayo of Asturias?
The importance of Ferdinand & Isabella in turning Spain into a world power cannot be underestimated.
Thanks for the informative & detailed video.
Yes, from that point, the Spanish started the age of colonisation, destroyed Native cities, brought in hundreds of thousands of African slaves, implemented a racial caste system and genocided a whole continent of people. They (the European colonising countries of France, Spain, England, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Netherlands and Portugal) were all absolutely horrendous, but what makes Spain especially bad is that they started it. Portugal only started colonising properly after Spain started it, they were basically pirates in the Indian Ocean.
@@jasonhaven7170 also spaniards brought thausand tons of gold to the continental europe, causing a huge inflation and economic disaster in globe.
@@ufuk.adamı That is true, but not as bad as genocide, colonisation, racism and trans-atlantic slave trade
@@jasonhaven7170 hshshshshshs cope
@@albertmont3411 There is no cope, I just don't see the Spanish colonisers as good or netural, but evil
The quality of this channel is insane, keep up the great work!
thanks!
An added foot note. Napoleon studied the campaigns of El Gran Capitan. That being said, the French desecrated his tomb when they invaded Spain during the Napoleonic Wars. The French did not like this guy.
El Gran Capitain maximized both natural and man made obstacles to slow the attack and fix them in place to be shot to pieces by fire arms. This is the key to victory at Cerignola. At Castle Forte, he used the inherent mobility of the Spanish Army to out flank the French thus causing a general route.
The classic master piece is Pavia in 1525 where Charles V destroyed the French Army and captured the French King Francis.
Reminds me of how the Romans hated Hannibal for his campaigns in Italy yet future generations of Roman commanders (such as Caesar) studied his tactics intensively.
They stole his skull and destroyed the trophies that marked his victories, such a petty thing to do.
@@Sealdeam Well, most of them have their _own_ skulls lying around some mountain in the Spanish countryside, so I guess the matter got evened-out pretty quickly.
El Gran Capitan also trained, or his military system did, the incredible conquistadores of the early 16th Century Americas.
Seeing how many defeats they suffer thanks to him it's not wonder, as @barbiquearea said, it's sort of like Hannibal and Rome, but what they did to his tomb was disgusting, thay would have also destroy other things, like La Alhambra, for example if not stopped.
I love the spanish of this period. Probably the toughest and most unjustly hated armies of the period
Hated by all the armies that lost to them, that means a lot of hatred :)
@@MPRStigOsea Europa y sus colonias aledañas 😂😂😂😂 en efecto mucho odio, aún así que viva la hispanidad y Que viva ESPAÑAAAAAAAA! ....tenía que decirlo.
Well if you're the premier European power, everyone would look upon you with envy. The same thing would go down with the French and the British when they became the premier European hegemon.
Ferdinand and Isabella were the most phenomenal rulers of their generation. Look at their contemporaries-Henry VII of England, Maximilian I of HRE, Charles VIII and Louis XII of France. They faded into absolute oblivion. No French, English, or German commemorates them. Meanwhile Ferdinand and Isabella became singular icons of Spanish nationalism. Not a single history book in the world will fail to mention their decision to send Columbus.
They inherited kingdoms torn apart by civil war for decades, but suddenly they were challenging almighty France and the Ottomans while planning to dominate the world. We aren’t talking about a Spain that had the privilege of generations of capable rulers, this is a Spain that had just one generation of rulers-a king and a queen-to fix their broken kingdoms. Not only did they fix it, oh no, they hurled it into imperial status-*THE* global imperial status. The status that would take Britain three centuries of good rule to claim. Spain did it all within just the lifetime of Ferdinand and Isabella.
And when you realize the scale of their diligence, as in look at the map and see the vastness of Spain, and understand that they had travelled to *every town and city* that in a single year they could march two thousand kilometers. Look up “Itinerario de los Reyes Catolicos.” It’s insane. *They literally hiked back and forth across Spain for thirty years.*
Great comment!
"King,👑 Henry tudor the eighth wanted a divorce,⚮ from the spanish,🇪🇸 catholic Princess,👸 Catalina de Aragon, daughter of King, 👑 Ferdinand of Aragon and his wife Queen,👑 Isabella of Castile, resulting the religious reformation of the year fifteen hundred twenty-one."
"Almighty france" france wasnt even at half of its current size and was still leagues above spain without the hre to carry them and france was absolutely devastated after the hundred years war and the plague stop glazing
@@smal750Aragón alone stomped grace plenty of times.
As a Spanish and as a follower that finds your Channel the best in YT thank you gracias one thousand times for this video,so looking forward to watch it
@Tu regere imperio fluctus, Hispane, memento ¿Cuál rey? Es una demoniocracia. Del que hablas es un títere y una máscara sin el poder de un rey verdadero. Es semejante al rey Burger King. LOL
@Tu regere imperio fluctus, Hispane, memento La Sinagoga de Satanás mandó a su perro Napupuleón a derribar a los reyes poderosos de Europa, y por ende, del mundo. Los Protocolos de los Sabios de Sion explica la historia mejor que cualquier fuente popular superficial Disneyista.
El Islam los judíos la inventaron para contrarrestar el poder de Europa cuya religión inventaron también creando una versión fraudulente del Cristianismo. Jesús dijo que la mayoría va al infierno. Esto implica que no hay ni una ciudad cristiana, o iría la mayoría al cielo. Entonces no hay reino cristiano. Todos los reinos católicos son, según la implicación de las palabras de Jesús, no pudieron haber sido cristianos. Imposible. Jesús contra el mundo. Tú sigues la Roma terrenal en vez del Jerusalén celestial.
This is a video about Spain but this lights my heart as a Portuguese!
Because the Iberian Peninsula is often overlooked, specially Portugal, but who cares about us right?
We just held Rome for +200 years (Rome´s vietnam), while Gaul(France) was conquered in basically 10 years but yet you study more about them than Iberia.
We had probably the longest non-stop conflict in history the Reconquista basically 800 years, basically the only crusade that actually was sucessful permanently but let´s speak about all the other failed crusades into the Holy Land.
We were Napoleon´s Vietnam, bet let´s just speak about Russia or Prussia
And of course we started the age of discovery and conquered most of the world together, but let´s speak about just England and French Expansion.
This comment is not an attack on other countries history of course, I am using examples how often this history land is overlooked compared to other countries, much love!
the efforts put against gaul were infinitely higher than backwater iberia lol and the gauls were in civil war now compare that to the pathetic defence you put against the arabs who conquered you in days and tried to do the same with france just to get slapped back to arabic spain tails between their legs
Iberia unida por favor ❤
Portugal es la nación marítima mas importante de la historia de la humanidad, puesto que es la primera y luego España.
Greetings from Ukraine! 🇺🇦🇪🇸 Spanish history is so rich and magnificent! It is a shame that because of the "black legend" Spain and its incredible achievements were shunned by the rest of Europe for so long. Spanish Tercios were a truly ingenious and formidable military formations, a true juggernaut that rolled over its enemies for many decades and brave Spanish warriors were true gods of war of their time! Let the Cross of Burgundy flag fly forever! Be proud, Spain! Greetings from Ukraine 🇺🇦🇪🇸!
¡Que viva la Reunificación de Puerto Rico con España! 🇵🇷❤️🇪🇸.
@@lefragrance777 haha yes please go back
you really must
Why are Ukrainians so racist?
People so often confuse conquistadors and tercio's, even historians do.
So its great to see a video about that period of spanish army evolution
What? Historians?
@@Dayvit78 defently the ones who made my high school textbooks
The conquistadors were the few nobles and leaders that decided to conquer aztec and inqa empires that were not lucky in spain. They needed earn the reputation by invading American continent.
The tercios were the proffesional and élite units used by Spain in Europe to combat protestants and muslims.
many conquistadores were fighting in the tercios in europe like pedro de valdivia
who tried to use the tactics against the nativs in present day south of chile and was defeated miserably by stone age tribes
@@olivercromwell432 anglocuck coping as always 😂
2:04 Reforms under Ferdinand & Isabella leading to conquest of Granada
(Hermandad ---> Santa Hermandad)
4:22 Military reforms after Reconquista
5:41 Changes in cavalry
9:47 Changes in Infantry
12:10 Tactical reforms
15:45 Spanish victory over the French in Naples
When I was a kid, I was naturally interested in Spain and its history and culture because a third of the placenames in the US are Spanish. They colonized huge swathes of modern US soil. I thought that was neat.
The 'Camino Real' along the west coast was an amazing investment and feat of colonization all on its own. Had Spain managed to retain control over the region into the 19th century it is unlikely the USA would have provoked the war which led to the acquisition of California at the exact same date that gold was publicly discovered.
@@tatumergo3931 the truth about Spain, as an Spaniard, is the government. While France was in the start of Revolution due to the influence of Voltaire or Montesquieu, Spain had ilustrated ministers introduced by Spanish French bourbons to rebuilt the outdated kingdom left by Austria Family. Main French intelectuals of French Revolution had a real envy. However, Charles IV, in the late XVIII. Century substitutes them to the intervention in French Revolution to save French Royal family in spite of rejecting all the advises of his ministers.
All the Reforms were stopped and Manuel Godoy was elected to lead kings command joining with the adventure in Revolution in France and against Napoleon. The war against French Napoleon was a tremendous mistake that Make Spain an occupied and slave country by French armies, the Spain Royal Navy destroyed by Nelson in Trafalgar and later the independence of american colonies. All the effort achieved in XVIII.century destroyed by the decision of one King.
The Reforms of the ilustrated ministers.
-Reduce of church influence and the Inquisition.
-Shipbuilding.
-Industry, the main Royal Manufacturers, the textile industry was in top3 of the world.
- Free market, including to expand the commerce with Américas, from 1 commercial ports to 8.
-Education Reforms.
And Even more. One of the main reforma that was stopped, was to introduce the liberal reform to reduce the power of King and be more parlamentary. Separation of the three powers. The British Style of parlamentary monarchy was the principal idea.
Later, Ferdinand VII, son Charles IV, in spite of all spaniard thaught that he Will Accept the first Spanish Constitution he rejected. Even he made a violent repression to force the absolutism provocking a great angry of Spanish people and the rebelion in American Colonies. And the end, he provocked a republican feeling in Spanish people.
In 1820, thanks to Riego General that he decided not to intervene in American Colonies. All spanish fleet, fulled of tens of thousand of soldiers made a rebellion against the King and was forced to sign the Constitution.
But like always, France came for aid to the King and the absolutism was reestablish, the 100.000 sons of Sant Louis intervene in Spain.
At the end, that XIX.century become the Age of Spanish revolutions.
Neat? To genocide a continent?
@@fortusvictus8297 The USA literally destroyed Spain and took half their colonies in the 1800s. Mexico was already independent and had California
@@jasonhaven7170 Simply USA took advantange of the bad situation of Spain. The Spanish American War was called in Spain, the disaster of 98. Not only affected to Colonies also in the mainland.
The catalans economic interests in Cuba, the slavery, pressured Spanish Government to not sell Cuba to the USA. After the defeat, the catalans said, the guilty is Madrid and the catalan nationalism movement born. The same happened in basque country with the born of basque nationalism.
Thats why, USA not only defeat Spain in a Battle, It sunk It morally.
Spain is the best, even culturally they still have their influence to this day. Magellan' inspired me to paint 16th century Spanish Infantry
Greetings from Las yslas Filipinas!
Fun note, the big inovation in the use of arquebus was not using them in place of bows, but instead using them in place of halberds. You'll note that pre coronelia force was pikes with a halberd core much like the swiss. But when arquebus became the primary ranged weapon, halberds were replaced with swords (and in smaller number). This is because the halberds role was to break armor and the spanish innovation was to recognize that the arquebus was better at it. The swordsmen were retained to serve only the defensive role halberds used to have.
tldr; guns didn't replace bows, they replaced halberds.
I now have a much better appreciation of the rise of Spain. I always thought they bought power with Inca gold. I now appreciate that like most of history there was much more to it than that. Thank you for your comprehensive information.
No.
The New World colonies were in fact a huge deficit for Spain for a long while before they became profitable. It would in fact be a few centuries before they would have developed to the point of becoming largely profitable, and by then, Spain had to deal with the other Europeans meddling there as well.
But, how did you think the Spanish got all that gold, silver and other expensive materials from the Incas or the Aztecs?
They did it only after defeating the American armies and its empires.
Just look at a map of the whole planet and compare the tiny size of the current Spanish State with the size of South America, Central America and the territories in North America that now form Mexico and the states conquered by the US to Mexico, identified easily for their Spanish names: New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Colorado and California. (This last one is not really Spanish, but an invented name in a Spanish adventures novel written in the 16th century).
All that territory was inhabited by several hundred million people when Columbus arrived thinking to be at India. 🤭
How did just a few thousands Spanish men, not all with military experience, subdued so many people?
First, by sheer force. Read about the end of the Incan Empire to see the best example of it.
And then, by the diseases the Europeans (Spanish, Portuguese, French, Dutch, English and others) took to America.
Historians estimate that at the start of the 16th century the central plateau of Mexico was inhabited by some 20 million persons with no defence against the European diseases that killed most of them. The population did not reach again those numbers until the 20th century, half a millenium!
@@caniconcananas7687 The spanish method was to ally with the Other natives and indigenous to destroy their slaverists enemies like the aztecs or the incas.
@@Desco51 That was what Cortés did against the Aztecs. But Pizarro and his Spanish troops were alone against all the Incan Empire, with no allies. What he did was to cut the head of the prey, kidnapping the Inca, the emperor.
@@caniconcananas7687 The cañaris, the huaylas, the limas and the Chacran nations don't think the same.
Most people don’t recognise the fact the creator of the tercios Gonzalo Fernandez de Córdoba is one of the greatest military leaders in history. Love and respected by his men and his enemies. De Córdoba is in the same bracket as Julius Caesar. Solo Es libre el hombre que no tiene miedo. El gran Capitan.
Funny trivia: Because of these crime fighting 'brotherhoods' and having been part of Spain, one of the nicknames for the Dutch police even today, is the 'hermandad'.
More funny trivia: The inhabitants of Antwerp to this day refer to themselves as "Sinjoren", and it's pretty obvious why.
I know it is mostly technicality, but is it considered that the Netherlands and Belgium were part of Spain? Even though their kings ruled those parts due their titles which they inherited from the Burgundy side of the family and not from the spanish side?
@@Sealdeam
Those were simply not a thing at the time. The Dutch kingship was created well after the Eighty Years War and the Belgian kingship from fighting the Dutch.
Willem Van Oranje carried the titles prince of Orange and count of Orange-Nassau, so he was not a king.
That can still be seen in the Dutch national anthem, which tells the story of how Willem is a good guy, who's obedient to the Spanish king and does everything right (this is not untrue actually, he was loyal to Spain and rose to be captain-general and even refused a position because he thought he was too young), but over time the extreme tyranny of that king forces him against his will to rebel because as a christian he can't do anything but that.
Which is important, because in the views of the time (catholic ones mostly), kings were appointed by god, overthrowing a king was sacrilege unless you had a big justification.
You could have people turn on you if you violated the rank system of nobility by making yourself an illegitimate king.
The Dutch national anthem is basically a justification of why Spain had to be overthrown.
For the same reason the Spanish murder of the counts of Egmond and Horne was a huge deal, much bigger than thousands of commoners being murdered.
Nobles were above other people, they were entitled to a trial and even treason ussually ended in a fine or banishment, you couldn't just go around killing nobles.
@@nvelsen1975 I know the Low Countries were not a kingdom until much later, the Habsburgs ruled those territories as Counts of Flanders (and other non-kingly titles they got mostly from their Valois-Burgundy ancestors) my question was more about if the Low Countries were then considered as part of a kingdom in a nominal sense, the Count of Flanders had at that moment an overlord even if that overlord was himself or if was a title that was completely detached from any kingdom or empire both in practice and in paper?.
@@Sealdeam
Depended per region really. The counts of Holland were known for their independant-mindededness that started way back in the 10th century. Under them the commoners were fairly free and not taxed that much. Floris V was nicknamed 'the God of the common man'
While the bishops of Utrecht were set up even during the Frankish empire as integrators of imperial power. They did things like raze the entire village of Eemnes and force all the people to relocate to move them further away from the Gooi region and any silly notions of not being serfs and property. While as catholic bishops they were the enemy entering the Eighty Years War.
My knowledge of that is good since I am an Erfgooier, one of the inheritors of (since 1972 defunct) land rights bestowed by the counts of Holland in 1404, bordering Utrecht and subject to several significant feudal wars.
Through this it's certain one or more of my ancestors has fought either the Frisians or Utrechters on behalf of Holland.
Gelre (Karel van Egmond for example) considered itself its own power had just spent the Gueldrian Wars trolling the Burgundy/Habsburgs.
Plus further south there was the Great Privilege that limited Habsburg power.
I would say 'nominal sense unless demonstrated differently'.
But that question can only be fully answered with a lot of studying individual fiefdoms, regions and cities.
Nice to see a video that makes justice to the Spanish. Current history discourse is dominated by an Anglo-Saxon view, minimizing Spain's achievements and the many years they dominated the world from the Filipines to Italy, exaggerating the history of the Inquisition, and negating most of its many contributions to the modern world in warfare, legal philosophy, and sheer cultural influence.
Deep are the roots of the Black Legend
@@riograndedosulball248 Deep are the roots of the White Legend.
What language did you write that comment in... English or Anglo
Saxon what language was this presented in English/Anglo Saxon..... probably why history discourse is dominated by English/Anglo Saxon world view lol
@@ryanvouche254 Entender el porqué del discurso no justifica el discurso.
@@ryanvouche254 it's dominated by the Anglo language because this stupid, ugly language, is easy enough for a lot of people to learn under the Pax Americana. The Lingua franca once was Latin, Portuguese, Spanish or French, depending of the era. Hell, it was French even when Britain was the world power, because even their intellectuals couldn't stand English lol.
Bizarrely my alma mater UCLA despite being in LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, an area discovered, colonized settled and converted by Spain with millions of at least partly Spanish descended inhabitants, doesn't currently have any Spanish history classes. A ton of Jewish history classes though. I took a modern Spanish history class on the Civil War era and got interested. Then I realized that my clan not only came from what is now Galicia to southern Ireland, but that the two areas had sustained cultural and economic contact for millenia. My people went to Spain to serve in the military, battle Islam and then work in the Royal Colonial bureaucracy all over the world. It was also a refuge for Irish Catholics and a place to study religion and train priests. We even have a branch of our clan still in Spain. More Spanish and Portugese history please. Thanks for not following the standard English lines on this.
You're understanding of Spanish history is just wrong, during the Umayyad caliphate Cordoba was the biggest city in Europe in the medieval ages because of Islam and it's thirst for learning, do you really think this would have happened under christian rule.
christians should have taken Spain back anyways because the caliphate fractured long ago and the Muslims that were there in 1492 cannot be compared to the Muslims who were there in Spain 711-750.
Anyways I agree with your comment on Spanish history not being taught enough here
Funny I'm from Mexico all my family is for generations yet 80% of my DNA is Iberian which is Spanish Portuguese and Basque but I have Irish Welsh and North English. what you say makes sense since there was a intermixing of culture between Galicians and Basques with the Irish and Scotts. I kinda makes sense now as of why I have DNA from the Brittish Isles
@@zeus0710 Being from the British isles isn't abnormal since Celts colonized Iberia. Almost everyone from iberia has Celt DNA.
You’re probably my favorite channel right now. Please do more videos about Spanish history. I would love to learn the story of how Spain got its foothold in the Netherlands
Your can read this article about Spanish Netherlands en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands
I love when you do Spanish videos, their time of hegemony is hugely under represented in history.
there it is again, that mysterious Portugal, that chunk of Iberia that at one point pops into existence and then is always just "there". I'd like a video that illustrates the shared history of Portugal and Spain
@Tu regere imperio fluctus, Hispane, memento Heretics, not Christsians. No Christian would contradict Jesus' message that wide is the path to destruction, and many go that way, which is the Catholic message: "We are such a wide path, that we are UNIVERSAL AKA CATHOLIC!"
@Tu regere imperio fluctus, Hispane, memento Jesus said he did not come to abolish the Law, but to fulfill it. The Law includes not making images to bow to them as unto gods. Catholics don't care about God's Law which was never abolished. Certain parts no longer apply because they were for ancient Israel to foreshadow the Messiah, such as sacrificing lambs. But some things remain God's will, such as not depicting Jesus, lest someone worship the man-made image instead of the true Jesus. Catholics always put their man-made traditions above God's word. Jesus hated the Pharisees for doing the same.
@@scintillam_dei
Look an heretic trying to whipe out centuries of history and evolution of the Church.
So the lutherans from Germany and Sweden never spilled a drop of blood? How many people did Calvin made burn at the stake? Miguel Servet in memoriam.
The only reason Portugal didn't join Castile/Aragon at this time is because they didn't have the monarchs to marry and thus bring Portugal closer to the other Iberian Kingdoms.
Fun fact: the Portuguese were the first Western power to find an alternative route to India and the spice/silk market by circunnavegating Africa. But then they clashed with the Egiptian Mamluk Sultanate, who also had their own trade network in the Indic Ocean and were the ones who almost monopolized that trade. So they clashed, clash that the Portuguese won. Then they proceeded to block the commerce route that crossed the Red Sea and was vital for the Mamluks, and that drove their State to bankrupcy.
Then, a fe years after that, their weakness was exploited and they were conquered by the Ottomans.
A lot of people only think of the tercio as a military formation. Its real power was its logistical and command formation. You could send a tercio on campaign and expect almost the same power tercio on the return.
Also inspired by the Roman legions I assume
Macedonia I believe@@Impactmoon
Nice, I will love to see more Spanish Empire stuff. love the channel, continue the great work!
History of Spain is always interesting:)
For many decades, the history we learned in the USA was essentially British history. There was little time dedicated to the Empires and cultures that rose outside of England. I refer of course to the Ottomans, the Italians, the Holy Roman Empire, the Swedish Empire, the Polish Lithuanian Empire or the Hapsburgs. Mention of France and Spain, were generally briefly covered but only as 'the enemy of Britain.' This is a shame, because it leaves a big hole in our understanding of history.
Not only is it not discussed, but it is deliberately lied about in the case of Spain.
@@batallasdeshorts4149 So much of what people in the Anglophone world believe is history, is nothing but English and Dutch 16th and 17th century propaganda.
Proud to support this awesome channel. I quite enjoy the focus on the 'blank spots' of mainstream history. ¡Viva españa!
Since you released that other video of the Spanish Tercios a long time ago, I was waiting for you to do something of its origins. The story of how the Catholic Monarchs planned the genesis of what would become a great empire is impressive; Very rarely has something with such repercussions been seen in history. By the way, despite the adoption of the Swiss model in the Infantry, the Spanish army did not completely abandon its way of fighting legacy after years of facing the mobile armies of the Muslims (something that is also reflected in its ability to combine multiple types of weapons in formation), this tactical flexibility would be essential for the operation that was later given to the Coronelias in the first instance and then to the Companies of the Spanish Tercios (the companies were the true combat unit, the "Tercios" were only their logistical and administrative grouping, this is usually omitted, subtracting the flexibility they possessed). In addition, the Castilian and Aragonese armies were perhaps the ones that had the most veteran soldiers in Europe at that time, because they had spent entire centuries of continuous wars against each other and against the Moors, so it is incorrect to say that it was outdated compared to the French, since as shown in the Granada War and the Battle of Cerignola, the Spanish were much more adapted to gunpowder weapons than the French and used it long before Queen Isabella of Castile (in the only thing that the French surpassed them, was in cavalry organization, as samples). Something that is shown in how easily they adapted and then surpassed the Swiss model.
An important correction that must be made is that the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon were already powerful before their union, so the marriage of the kings only strengthened and maximized their power, not starting it as you say at the beginning. An example of this is in the importance that Castile had at the end of the Hundred Years' War with its fleet (where both the French and the English fought to gain their support, intervening in the Castilian civil war of that time ) and that Aragon was a Mediterranean power, which controlled territories that reached the Italian peninsula, from the thirteenth or fourteenth century.
Muy buen video, faltaba que alguien cubriera los hechos antes de la batalla de Cerignola y pusiera en contexto la evolución de la peninsula bajo los Reyes Católicos. Junto con Pike&Shot Channel este canal es de lo mejor acerca de historia del siglo de oro Español.
Recuerdo que encontré vuestro canal cuando mi interés por las guerras italianas me hizo buscar contenido sobre ello. Y desde luego me quede al ver que tenías muchísimos videos sobre historia militar española.
Es una pena por eso que como Español puedo afirmar que no hay canales de RUclips sobre la historia de España con el nivel de detalle de vuestros videos o con el énfasis en historia militar. Y me temo que se debe a que culturalmente los españoles no apreciamos nuestro pasado como pueblo y hay incluso una mala intención de nuestras instituciones por desprestigiarlo y hacer que no nos sintamos orgullosos de este y de los logros de nuestros antepasados.
Gracias es todo un detalle que alguien extranjero si sea capaz de apreciarlo y hacerle justicia.
Si. Este video debería ser doblado al castellano
Yo diría que aquel desprestigio proviene en gran medida del hecho de que mucho del facherío actual, gente mala en resumen, idolatra aquella época mi estimado. No hay que perder eso de vista. Es lo que me pasa a mí, me encanta la historia y el hecho de que este canal no desprestigie y dé atención a España pero es casi garantizado que si una persona actual tiene de avatar la Cruz de Borgoña la tiene en el mismo sentido que si tuviera la bandera confederada estadounidense y es una pena.
@@tobias064 el prejuicio de pensar q alguien utilice la Cruz de Borgoña como avatar y asociarlo a la pelicula actual del panorama politico es parte de este problema. Es seguir proyectando el sesgo del paradigma contemporáneo sobre le historia. Ni hay q flipar en tratar de reproducir las sociedades y valores q hemos dejado atrás ni hay q juzgar dichas sociedades y sus valores acorde al dogma de ideologías modernas. Hay q buscar un equilibrio entre apreciar los logros y éxitos del pasado con suficiente honestidad y autocrítica como para ver las cagadas. Y así con suerte darse cuenta hoy de q se tiene q hacer mejor y donde se esta metiendo la pata.
@@egillskallagrimson5879 No dije que usar X símbolo automáticamente indica X cosa. Dije "es casi garantizado", no es lo mismo. Te vas a la bandera confederada y ahí te quiero ver sosteniendo lo mismo y tirando esa de que "no hay que juzgar con los valores de ahora" pero dale dejate de joder no seamos ingenuos gastándonos más en garantizar el beneficio de la duda para fachos "No, lo que pasa que falange viene del latin falantum que significa margarita no lo jUzGEs" antes que tomar por las astas el problema actual de las desigualdades sociales que es monumental y que muy bien lo podés apreciar en determinadas comunidades. Ej, porque hay que ejemplificar: es más probable que encuentre determinados elementos en comunidades de juegos medievales que en foros de juegos random casuales etc. Y obviamente hay una apreciación socialógica para eso que no es casualidad.
No es que no lo aprecien si lo aprecian en forma extraordinariamente desmesurada en algunos casos
el asunto es que carecen del IQ necesario para hacer buenos trabajos de animacion y dejar de lado su chauvinismo para atraer la atencion
y naturalmente que aprendan ingles que es el idioma de la divulgacion del conocimiento mundial
As a 15th century Spanish military reenactor, all great, except on saying that heavily armed men at arms were not common in Castille until end 15th century. That's not true. In most cases, every man at arms had two sets of equipment: one as jinete and another one as a "heavy knight". So, depend of the situation, they fought on one way or another.
More like every man with land, peasants wouldn't have had access to heavy armor very often .
The spanish empire was the true successor of roman spirit literally an empire based on inclusion in turning who ever wanted to into a castillian it was not perfect but was great empire that is normally understimated and forgoten
Spain is very interesting. I love Spain.
2:10 goals
2:40 hermandad (small garrsons of local troops later a central version was made, the first central military police to maintain order and was used in war along side some conscripts)
4:16 logistics(built roads, more manufacturing and comunication structure)
Due to Spanish army being used to fight the lighter Muslims they were able to be skermishers and fight in any environment but not stand against the heavy french forces and swiss pikemen
8:40 new cavalry unit of mostly light but some heavy
10:10 amount of armoment each population class was required to bring, rich were heavy troops, midle class were medium troops or could be crossbow/gunmen and poorer units were light skermishers made of mostly poor conscrips and volonters
12:20 swisa formastion and history of some conflicts at this point the hermandad central was dispdes but small local units still ecsisted
14:10 new military units (basically like the swiss with french cavillry and special spanish sword men and round shelds) then lots of history
Such an interesting time period. Would love to see more concerning Spain.
Astonishing, I had no idea Ferdinand and Isabella were so impactful. Even with a history degree I only knew them for Columbus
There's a small correction. In Ibéria the full heavy armour of a helmet, cuirass, grebas (for the lower part of the leg), gauntlets, backrest (for the shoulders), arms, legs and scarf for the feet, with around 30kg, where used since the XIII century. Making the Iberian Kingdoms one of the most military developed locals on hearth. Obviously useless against the powerfull light cavalry used by the Muslim Kimgdoms. So, new tactiques where necessery. Cheers from Portugal, specially to the Spanish brothers. Vamos.
Excellent summary, very well researched and very good selection of historical sources. A great work as usual. Your Spanish accent is as bad as my Dutch but that makes it more fun to hear
He is Swiss
@@Raadpensionaris Thanks! He sounds Dutch and he has published so much and so good about the Netherlands that I was 100% sure we was from Utrecht or near by 😂😂😂
As an EU4 player I must say, I approve of you making a video about the spanish army of just that period.
Why would he need your approval...?
@@ignacio1171 Hn?
Ferdinand and Isabella make a great duo.
Now this is an interesting topic ! Thank you for your hard work
Always happy to see your videos
Habsburg Spain VS Ottoman Empire … epic!!
Nice video as always. It would be interesting a video about the rising of the Hapsburgs within the Holy Roman Empire starting from Rudolph the first
Tu felix Austria nube
So good work, greetings from Córdoba.
Only top quality on this channel
The Swiss only used pikes and halberds in closed squares. Gonzalo de Cordoba did not copy Swiss system, he created something totally new. The combination of "rodeleros", pikeman and crossbowmen. These crossbows were progressively replaced by firearms, which in turn was making the shield ineffective.
He’s back! And I just missed it by 2 hours TwT
I’ve been looking forward to this!
The Reconquista was concentrated between 1085 and 1212, i.e. between the conquest of Toledo and the final defeat of the Almohads at Navas de Tolosa. Afterwards borders were stable and previous to 1085 they had been also stable for centuries.
Pronunciation tips: "h" is silent in Spanish (hence "hermandad" is read /ermandad/) and qu- is read as mere /k/ ("reconquista" = /rekonkista/).
En Castellano ,también
@@rocobalboa1826 - Same thing. Unless I'm talking to a historical-linguistic qualified audience, who knows what Castile is and that Spain did not exist politically before the 19th century, I don't make such distinction in English.
Lo hago en castellano por contra: no existe el idioma "español".
@@LuisAldamiz estoy de acuerdo . España tiene diversos idiomas
@@rocobalboa1826 - No creo que estemos de acuerdo: yo creo que España no existe, que históricamente sólo significaba Iberia (península y Balears) pero que ahora, desde Napoleón, se ha convertido en sinónimo de Gran Castilla, estado opresor.
@@LuisAldamiz cada un pensá as trapalladas que quere
We love the Spanish Empire
@Wiegraf Understandable as no one loves you, may God have mercy on your wretched soul 🙏
I love to hate the Spanish Empire. Best villain in world history.
@@kingstarscream3807 Absolute Heresy
@Wiegraf why not
@@kingstarscream3807 *Hero
Excellent as always.
Spain is very interesting.
Having been in a deep dive of GoT lore, it's interesting to see World Anvil because people used to do by hand everything this system allows one to do.
Gracias por dar visibilidad a una gran nación como es España
Es, no. Era. La España de ahora es una mierda liberal, casi totalmente lo contrario a la España gloriosa del pasado.
No es una nación.
@@LuisAldamiz ¡Ja!
@Don Manué - Eso lo tendréis que decidir colectivamente los y las andaluzas. Yo apoyo el derecho de autoderminación de Andalucía, pero si queréis seguir siendo CASTELLANOS (que no "españoles") por derecho de conquista y tal... pues vuestro problema. Simplemente no vayáis salpicando para afuera vuestra sumisión colonial romana con el "a por ellos!" terrorista-imperialista.
Dicho esto, objetivamente Andalucía ganaría con la independencia: sin duda tu país estaba mucho mejor no sólo con el emirato/califato de Córdoba, sino también con la antigua Tartessos antes de que los fenicios la destruyeran para establecer su monopolio colonial y los romanos dieran el toque de gracia y consolidaran el latifundismo colonial. Esto último es algo de lo que necesitáis salir sí o sí: si no estáis condenados a ser como Sicilia: a no levantar cabeza jamás. No es una cuestión ya de nacionalidades y autogobierno, sino de democracia económica, de devolver la tierra y el poder al pueblo, a tu pueblo.
@@LuisAldamiz Honestamente, creo que los andaluzes haremos y nos consideraremos lo que nos venga en gana y tu no pintas nada diciendo lo que hay o lo que tenemos o no que hacer o ser o pensar.
Mucho os gusta a los vascos decir a otros lo que deben hacer y pensar pero que a vosotros no os digan nada.
Love it man keep it up king!
Out of curiosity, how were the organization of Spanish army in the New World during this period? As the geographic location and the opposing armies were vastly different from the battlefield in Europe
they rellied entirely on their local american lord allies , largely using american militia of natives for everything, america was relatively peacefull and depopulated so armied where rare.
They were not yet there. Many of the soldiers that fought in Italy in the first tercios were later involved in the conquest of Mexico and Peru. Pizarro was one of them.
the expeditions relied heavilly on native allies and swordsmen the number of horsemen and arquebusiers is dwarfed by the number employed on europe
@@cseijifja Mexico was not peaceful at all and Peru was in the middle of a civil war when the Spain arrived there. Pizarro arrived with less than 200 men and got the support of the defeated side of the civil war to launch his campaign. In Mexico the Spanish led a revolt against the Mexicas who were a cruel and tyrannical culture. They sacrificed tens of thousands of enemies every years and then ate them. They were truly hated by the peoples they dominated. Cortes attacked Mexico with 500 Spaniards and around 150.000 allies, mainly from Tlaxcala who decided to put an end to that cruel empire. The big depopulation came after the arrival of the Spanish with a number of epidemics that dramatically decimated the local population.
@@julio5prado that is what i mean by the spanish winign by largely setting coalition of allied lords, for example, in manco icnas rebellion, at the cusp of the total defeat and anihilation of the spanish at lima, contarhuancho , the cacique of huaylas( a very important vassal of the incas) sent an enormous army to lift the siegue and beat back the rebel incas.
Nothing the spanish did was as important as securing the alliance of the native lords, stronger , better and more numerous incursions than pizarro adn cortez happened, they got massacrated by jungle hobos because thats what happened if you didnt do diplomacy first.
Kind of sad you dont have any video about Portugal, would love to see a video about the battle of cochin. Love the style of art and animations you use on these videos.
hey, thanks for the comment. we will cover Portugal at some point, for sure.
Hey! great video as always!
One thing I do not yet understand: what was the rodeleros purpose inside the early pike tactics?
thanks
To humiliate samurais and weeaboos.
See my video:
"A conquistador refutes the 'Metatron' on Samurais VS Spaniards."
Pietro Monte (possibly Spanish but living in Milan) wrote about combining pikers & heavily armored troops with large shields as a way to defeat the common Swiss/German order of the late 15th century. Similarly, Niccolò Machiavelli recommended targetiers as a way to defeat pikers, citing Spanish success at the Battle of Ravenna 1512 as an example. Diego de Salazar, who drew heavily from Machiavelli, advocated targetiers (rodeleros) as well, & assigned them darts/javelins to throw. Various 16th-century military writers agreed that targetiers could be extremely effective against pikers, as pikes can't be used up close & then becomes soldiers with swords against soldiers with swords & shields. However, targetiers had trouble resisting heavy cavalry according to these same writers. So, like halberdiers, targetiers were specialized troops for fighting in the press of battle. They also could be especially useful for assaulting fortifications & scouting, as the shield offered additional protection against missile weapons. In the later 16th century, Spanish armies mainly used rodelas for officers & for assaulting fortifications, scouting, & the like. Some of these later rodelas were proof against the arquebus & rather heavy. Shields continued to see military service well into the 17th century; the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau/Orange promoted them for a spell.
The Tercios de Flandes blog post on rodeleros is great if you read Spanish.
@@b.h.abbott-motley2427 Great explanation!! now I invite you to read this out loud if you speak Brazilian Portuguese: "As rodelas dos espanhois protegiam os soldados das picas do suiços"
I swear it wasn't my intention to turn this into a joke... but I just can't stop laughing right now.
They were sent outside the pike formation for close quarter combat when needed
@@scintillam_dei - I'd watch... if your channel was not full of anti-science junk.
Your videos are always a delight to watch
"We hereby claim this island 🏝 of the new world 🗺 and all of its riches, 🪙 in the name their royal 👑 majesty, 🤴King Ferdinand the 2nd, of Aragon, and 👸 Queen Isabella the 1st of Castile, of Granada, Spain." 🇪🇸
Very thorough video, very complete. I like it, I learned a lot. Although it's a little bit fun to hear "jiñete" instead of "jinete" 😋, good try, but very good pronunciation of the J sound and many other words. It can be translated as "horseman" as well, the term implies "riding a horse", since a "riding party" would have a very different meaning (pillage). Jinetes weren't pillagers, but as the video tell, horsemen, that is light and skirmish cavalry.
¡Gracias por compartir!
In the Netherlands, 'Hermandad' is to this day slang for the police. Dating back to the time the Netherlands were under Spanish rule.
Great Channel.
Your English is good. Your accent adds some flavour to the video too.
When the golden Age of Europe began
The age of colonisation?
I wish you could make videos about south america battles and armies, there are some cool stories waiting to be exploited
I'd love to see a video on medieval naval warfare, it seems an often forgotten aspect of medieval war likely because of the rarity of actual naval engagements but what were the tactics in the naval battles that did happen?
is pretty common here in Spain that our story is plagued by defeatism and shame. we learn this in schools, i think is shameful because this country had and still have brilliant people.
Clown
@@Tray-sq2zr What a stupid reply
Please a video of the battle of Lepanto, the siege of malta and the siege of siege of castelnouvo
Great video and Art work. @6:50 the tree 8n the back ground kinda makes the knights shield look like a tomato. Lol gave me a chuckle on a rough&tough day.
"New Spain, 🇪🇸 in the name of his royal 👑 majesty 🤴 King Charles, the fifth of Granada, Spain." 🇪🇸
Thank you. Great story, yet so little known. Those darn Conquistadors get all the coverage.
Amazing keep going.
Sandrhomaaaaaaan
10:18 i see Hungary coat of arms there
haha, damn. Yeah, we used this background elsewhere and apparently, we did not see that when reviewing the video. It was intended to be there!
Wow a reply, really love your video btw. Keep up the good workk. We are human so mistake happen soo its ok, dont be discouraged by small mistake.
Superb video. Could you please make a video on late medieval Sweden and their army? Late medieval Nordic armies please.
Or a video about the Caroleans and the Ga-Pa tactic.
Excellent and I believe quite accurate. Bravo 👏
"Now the Aztecs will think 🤔 if, Hernan Cortez is some kind of God?" "Who can summon thunder ⚡ and lightning 🌩 down 👇 from the sky?"
Would love for your to make a video about Portugal.
Great EU2 playthrough
heeeey im from Valladolid greetings from here
If it's spelled with an H then why is it being pronounced "Herman" instead of "erman", since normally the H is silent in Spanish and the J takes its sound
Always great quality
Really very good Video...thank you.
a wonderful introducing
The empire where the sun never sets. That alone gives you a complete idea of the power of Spain at its height. I doubt that such a power has been built only with the defeats that have been publicized so much by English propaganda (his great opponent). Of course the latter ended up winning in the long run.
Awesome episode 👍
very nice!
The word Jintes (spaniy light cavalry) is believed to be drived from the name of the prominent Berber tribe Zenata
One of the original power couples eh
I don't think that conquer the world was in the plans of Isabella and Ferdinand. Beside that, excellent video.
Wow they were a freaken power couple
10/10 loved it. could u do one on the administration and diplomacy taken by the spanish to undermine the aztec empire? and/or peru? thx!
Hey, ha sido un buen vídeo, solo una cosa, ¿No fue disuelta la Santa Hermandad en 1834? Un saludo
I guess that the almogavars were already outdated by then. They were specialized in throwing javelins, like the romans with their pilum.
These guy's are defination of "Power Couple".
Good job, good video
Great video,