How scientists solved this dinosaur puzzle
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- Опубликовано: 3 окт 2024
- We’ve never found a fully intact T. Rex, but we know how to build one.
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When paleontologists uncover a dinosaur they usually only find part of the animal, but when we walk through a museum we see exhibits that paint a full picture - so how do they fill in all those blank spaces? In the early 1900’s artists used to hand carve the pieces, but we’ve come a long way in the past century - both technologically and scientifically.
Now, we’re living in what some call a “golden age” for paleontology. Researchers are uncovering nearly one new species of dinosaur a week - making building exhibits easier and more efficient.
Norell’s newest exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History called T.Rex: The ultimate predator is open through August 9th 2020: www.amnh.org/e...
If you want to learn more about the Brontosaurus mishap and revival you can read the study here: peerj.com/arti...
Throughout the research, I also found this really awesome interactive graphic that show where and when various fossils were found: paleobiodb.org...
Note: The headline for this video has been updated since publishing.
Previous headline: How to build a dinosaur
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T rex : dude I'm gigantic.
Chicken : you are just me but bigger.
ulol lololol
😂 Not all dude. T. Rex’s looked nothing like chickens. Chickens are just the closest living relatives
@@michaeltnk1135 r/wooosh
@@raphaele3433 I can hear it go over
@@michaeltnk1135 ok liberal
Raphael E
That wasn’t the joke. The joke was that T. rex look like giant chickens
So I've lived my whole life not knowing that brontosauruses are incorrect?!
Actually . . . It exists again. The layman does not know this yet
yea vox got this all wrong on the debate of whether brontosaurus was its own species/genus
me tooo ahhhhh
What does not exist is "Brontosaurus Excelsus". But other dinosaurs were named Brontosaurus after that (there are two different species I believe, being B. Parvus and B. Yahnahpin).
Riopol Pinales
But that brontosaurus toy i used to play with 25 years ago was not a real brontosaurus or even a dinosaur at all?
As a practicing necromancer, it took me several disappointing trips to natural history museums before I finally figured out that most of the "skeletons" on display were made of fiberglass or resins. Sigh!
bjmccann1 You need to get into the research collections in the back.
@@AndrewDerksen Thank you. You will be rewarded for your assistance. Soon, my undead Mesozoic army shall march through the streets. They will be UNSTOPPABLE!!!
@izzy B Yeah, but it's gonna cost ya.
bjmccann1 I, too, am a fellow necromancer
@@bjmccann1 as a fellow practicing necrophiliac I can advice you to get a job at the morgue.
Dinosaurs just aren't that exciting anyway.
“So you just went and made a new dinosaur?”
"Probably not a good idea..."
"Yeah, it's uh, kinda what we do here.."
Blue: here we go again 🤦♂️
This, kids is called speculative evolution
You know what would be really cool to see in more museums? Exhibits that were color coated or something to show what’s real, what was synthesized and what’s something we haven’t discovered yet. Like I get it that it’s nice to see what the full skeleton most likely looked like but I think this could be done while still achieving the same effect. Besides it’d be more honest and it’d make seeing a full or nearly complete skeleton that much more impressive.
The reason they don't do that is because it's a scam. I personally think dinosaurs were made up as a straw man to poke holes in the theory of evolution. Think about it. When creationists try to attack evolution they always attack the theory of dinosaurs. But if dinosaurs aren't real that doesn't weaken the theory of evolution it strengthens it.
@@DR--- explain the skeletons we find in the ground then
@@DR--- Lol. I do believe in Creation but I also believe that dinosaurs once walked the Earth. They just didn't survive the Great Flood. Respect my religion and I will respect yours.
@Carter Smith They actually do that in copenhagen natural museum! Sort of. There are informational displays that shows with color which pieces are real and which are created. And once it's pointed out, you can sort of see that the created pieces have a slightly different collor in real life too.
Anyway, the first few skeletons they show only have like the skull and a few bones, and then they hit you with an almost complete tyranosaurus skeleton! The tyranosaurus would have been impressive under any circumstances, but it does add a little extra oomph! ^^
@@aydenfellerhoff3160 there were some big animals a long time ago like elephants and rhinos and big gators, WHALES but there weren't dinosaurs...they were conveniently discovered a few years after a fictional book was created...now they've realized that it's impossible for a T Rex to have supported itself on the feet they invented for the displays.
haha the name has totally messed up the recommendations, I can only hope this'll lead to some children learning cool paleontology facts.
Nah, RUclips seems to have made changes to its recommendation algorithm that for some reason leads it to promote kids' content way stronger. This isn't the first video where I've seen that happen in the last days.
I got "dinosaur getting killed by nerf gun" in my reccommended
lol
I hope children stay very very far away from vox
How did the name mess up the recommendations?
Ok. What is up with these children review channel on recommended.
ENJOY YOUR STAY
@@oats300 what new helsite is this?
Christian Rowel Cinco elsagate. Keep asking questions
Yeah I got the same recommended videos too while watching a video about Minecraft from Inside Gaming, I think because kids are looking up things like "Dinosaur" that that is what will showcase, what other people who watch things related to dinosaurs are watching.
omg wtf, even on Brazil there's brazilian videos being recommended, wtf is this algorythm
Watches how to build a dinosaur*
“Don’t come to school tomorrow”
It's still spring break where I am
@@taliakellegg5978 one more day for me
Ryan Kelly I have two more weeks then there’s two week holiday and then more weeks
@@masterdan1803 lucky you hope you have a good spring break
Nimbus the kitsune Same to you, although we don’t have ‘spring break’ here in New Zealand
This interview shot is the best one I've ever seen out of a Vox video so far. Amazing framing and depth of field guys!
Jurassic Park had a huge effect on the growth of this field. So many kids grew up to be dinosaur investigators. It's awesome to have seen.
Brontosaurus is a valid genus again. Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus have been seperated for atleast 2 years. C'mon Vox get with the times.
They should have maybe said "Brontosaurus Excelsus isn't a real dinosaur anymore" or something like that to clarify, but honestly most of the people won't care or will still misunderstand.
@@ripzaurus It is always going to be real for me.
Yesss! I can't believe they would miss that part.
Look at the credits
Also the new t-rex models are back to scaly
now all we need is Walking with Dinosaurs II, get on it BBC.
battered walrus there was planet dinosaur in 2011 if that counts. It was made by the BBC and was very good
battered walrus a walking with monsters 2 would be even better
@@Lost-tg7fh oof yeh, there were some many new finds during the production of WWM that half the information was out of date before it was even released :/
@@awsomef2004 aye it was ok, what I'm on about is the style of Walking with series; a mix of cgi and practical effects to help breath life into these great beasts.
Prehistoric park was a good one
Ive always wanted to be a paleontologist to find dinosaurs, realizing later that I live in an area that was underwater by the time they existed. This video is heartwarming to see
Marine reptiles were a thing
me too I've always wanted to become a paleontologist but I'm not sure if Texas would be a good place.
Are u from philippines
Are u from indonesia?
@@dylandavis7463 Yes. Texas is rich in dinosaurs.
"We're in a paleontology golden age" is the best news I've heard in a long time.
This channel has been getting much better over the years. Good job Vox staff!
*Thanks for this. I've always wondered how the skeletons are completed when they mostly find just a couple of pieces.*
Vox: How to build a dinosaur
Dinosaur: Am I a joke to you?
God: Am I Joke To You Guys ?
*Tactical asteroids Incoming*
:3 Not at all.
Wait.. half of it is fake? That just destroyed my reality
Please go back to cheddar videos.
Don't phrase it like that else we'll have dino deniers.
Curiosity Culture no it isn’t, have you even watched the video??
@@lathah8160 a lot of Young Earth Creationists don't believe dinosaurs ever existed.
@@MrUtuber29 nahhhhhhh
0:34 None of it is mounted there, VOX. The fossil is to fragmentary, fragile, heavy and valuable to string up on a metal sckeleton. They use molds of the elements.
If you think about it dinasores could have spoken a language and we would have never known
They technically did with different pitches and frequencies of call similar to modern day animals.
Scientists have actually already done several larynx reconstructions and conversions to skull models/synthesizer clips which have reproduced various calls of hadrosaurs and even a tyrannosaurus roar.
How else do they communicate when hunting?
@@slvrrgld9 actually it's still debated whether or not dinosaurs even hunted in groups at all.
There's evidence that goes both ways and some have better arguments than others such as the case for velociraptor mongoliensis/ Deinonychus in terms of body structure and behavior in attacks(not related to audio communication)
Cant tell weather or not this comment is a joke
I think the only joke is the spelling.
this is a dangerous ability to give the public, vox. we don't want just anybody to be able to build a dinosaur
Easy
What are they gonna do with it🤦♂️
@@Ac_romeo euhhh build a dinosaur ? ...
they will be so preoccupied with whether or not they could, they won't stop to think if they should
@@dessindenfer1253 and then do?
Nobody:
Vox:how to create a dinosaur
ludwig josh might come useful in the future.
😂😂😂
💀
Sucks to a Stegosaurus, cuz you gotta be super careful when you're trying to get laid.
It's funny how everyone who is saying in the comments "this proves that dinosaurs don't exist" literally didn't see the video and just read the title
This lifted so much weight off my mind cause for years I was so skeptical of dinosaur bones I thought it was weird how the build them in exhibits cause it seems unlikely to find that many bones
I swear Vox makes these videos along side my science teacher planning his lessons
Lauding the decision to compare T-Rex skeletal anatomy to an Allosaurus and then calling an Apatosaurus skeleton fitted to a Camarasaurus skull "a bad assumption" is kind of absurd. T-Rex is about as dissimilar to Allosaurus as Apatasaurus is to Camarasaurus. Apatosaurus being fitted to a Camarasaurus skull had been a sensible mistake for the time.
Also, the name change of "Brontosaurus" to "Apatosaurus" is a little too simplified. The name "Apatosaurus" existed before "Brontosaurus," and the name change had nothing to do with the skull at all. It had everything to do with the conclusion that Brontosaurus was a juvenile form of Apatasaurus (distinguished by bones in the hip).
I think I just fell in love with you
I came to the comments looking for this correction. Thanks for summing it up so simply!
When you're about to finish a puzzle and realize there's a piece missing... Dino-rage!
Sy Ku when the puzzle says 100 million years but you go extinct in 3.4 billion
Not sure if had been released when video was made, but Brontosaurs has now been declared a separate genus/species to Apatosaurs.
I noticed that in museum. Most the dinosaur I was looking at weren’t even then dinosaur. I was so disappointed.
I would have called it 'Sharpatoothis'.
Unfortunately, that name is already taken. Carcharodontosaurus -- Sharp Toothed Lizard. They were closely related to Giganotosaurus (a carnivorous theropod even larger than T. rex).
@@kezzatube45 *yournotthatfunnysaurus
Tyrannosaurus is the largest non-avian theropod we have discovered.
That a funny name! I'd 'ave called it a Chazzwhazzah!
@@pixelfox9666 nah nah, it name means shark toothed lisard
I just love and thankful to live the era where we learn about the more detailed versions of dinosaur
so in order for me to build my own dinosaur, i will just need to find a fossil and let my creativity do whatever I want my dinosaur to look thanks vox!!
Just find a teeth and start imagining
You guys shouldve included the all those cases where Dino bones were falsely identified. There were quite a few "Dino bones"/Skeletons that upon 3rd party investigation were just bones of other Large mammals (several differant animals on one skeleton) put together to create a skeleton. I dont see this get talked about alot on Dino videos.
Imagine being the first person to find a T-Rex skull, you might need to change your pants after
probably where dragons and other monster myths come from
I'm not sure if this has already been addressed elsewhere or in the other comments down below, but a slight correction:
Brontosaurus wasn't "renamed" Apatosaurus, the scientists had just mistakenly named one of the newer fossils they had discovered as Brontosaurus, not knowing at the time that they were looking at a species that had already been discovered and named a while ago - Apatosaurus. And surely, sticking the wrong head on the newer fossil didn't help them realize their error either, and so when eventually they had figured it out that Brontosaurus and Apatosaurus were the exact same species, they went with the rules of the naming conventions and stuck with Apatosaurus, since that was the name they had come up with first.
This a just my humble observation, and I love the work you guys are doing. Keep up the good work! :)
this really needs to be seen
just last year a re-examination of the group of apatosaurus and the dinosaurs that were first classed as "brontosaurus" found that some of them were distinct enough from the rest of the apatosaurus group to be their own species group and of the skeletons the original type species for brontosaurus was among them so the group was officially renamed brontosaurus
so yes it was a thought to be a made-up dinosaur until recently where better technology let up tell that they were separate species all along
3:00
Vox: While we still haven't found a fully intact T-rex.........
Sue: Am I a joke to you?
Sue's skeleton is also incomplete...
@@TheJohn132132 just a few bits and pieces
BHuang92 is that the one that has been locked away for forever because of the arguments over who owned the land it was found on?
Around 98% of Sue's skeleton was found intact.
@@spicylizards4714 Sue is 90 percent complete by bulk and 73 percent complete counting the elements.
Oh my Godddd! Brontosaurus isn't real???? That's who Apatosaurus is???
*swoons immediately^
Vox is out of date, The various apatosaurus species were re investigated and it was discovered the ones originally under Brontosaurus were not similar enough to be considered apatosaurus, and are once again Brontosaurus.
They're both real genuses now.
The species Brontosaurus Excelcus is actually apatosaurus, but then other sauropod genus was discovered and was given the name brontosaurus again. That is what I think happened
@@andrefabri6191 no, b. Excelseus is the type species for brontosaurus now. The other 2 are b. Paris and b. Yanhapin.
Brontosaurus is a real species
I'm all for accurate science reporting but I can't help feeling like this is dinosaur denialist ammunition.
So how do scientists make educated guesses on the skin of a dinosaur?
The color?
The texture?
I believe the closest animals today in relationship to dinosaurs are crocodiles, alligators and chickens. I want to be educated through the entire scientific process to how they make these educated guesses!
SCIENCE IS AWESOME
Most of the time, yes, but there's some few dinosaur species that got their real colors discovered by preserving melanossomes on their fossils. I recommend you to check the following dinosaurs:
Sinosauropterx
Microraptor
Psittacosaurus
Anchiornis
Borealopelta
Caihong
It’s all guessing dude no one lived 65 million years ago so will never truly know
@@pureluck8767 You are wrong tho
@Default Fossilized skin impressions. If I recall correctly, the Edmontosaurus had its skin preserved as well as many other dinosaurs. Creatures like Archaeopteryx also had their feather plumage preserved in fossils. Some even encased in amber, which is cool- And as a previous commenter mentioned, preserved melanosomes can also tell us what colour the feathers/skin was.
Puzzle game: *Insane difficulty*
The Real T-Rex after watching the video: _Hey! Where're my shades?_
They already found "almost-complete" dinosaur skeleton. It is nicknamed "Sue". 90% of it is real and the others are just fill up.
Maybe you should have watched the whole video
Most bones on display, is not all, are casts. The real bones are too old and brittle to be displayed, and are so old they’ll turn to dust just from being exposed to air.
dinosaur bones are not still bones, they are rock and won't turn to dust unless crushed. you are probably thinking of wood objects preserved under the ocean. it makes sense to build exhibits from casts as they are lighter and copies can be made for different museums
While you are correct about the original Brontosaurus being renamed Apatosaurus - more recently, it was discovered that the "wrong headed" exhibit is actually of a closely related species (or subspecies) of Apatosaurus (jury is still out) - and as such, it has once again regained it's name "brontosaurus" but this time with a more accurately created head.
And I thought Dr Ross Geller was here too 😂😂
Head of paleontology
Actually, the first T-Rex specimen was discovered in 1902, not 1908, by Barnum Brown. It took 3 years to uncover the partial skeleton, and the specimen was mounted in AMNH until 1941, where it was sold and now permanently mounted in Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh.
I love this video- I love that is it superficial, relevant, informed, and meaningful... and I live that you want to organize the brontosaurus/apatosaurus mess. Brontosaurus is back to being its own species, but I would love to see sauropod anatomy comparisons. Seriously! What justifies a new species!? or, more specifically, “what features to paleontologists use to justify a name of a dinosaur that may be a variant of another?”
Fun fact: the first time the guy who found the T-Rex bones and gave it to the museum they actually called it “Tyrant Lizard King”
Tyrannosaurus rex means Tyrant Lizard King, just so you know.
i hope we keep this up as long as the accuracy goes higher enough really well
I was about to say, y’all better mention my girl Sue.
They mentioned her at 3:27.
@@serbianslav5494 Hence why I said about
“I could confidently walk you through this hall and tell you these fossils are 99% to 100% accurate” *zooms in on pronated hands*
They replace the skull and legs with replicas because real bones are too heavy
Easy how they solved the puzzle:
They went in creative mode on minecraft with the boys and looked for more fossils
Nah, just use commands to spawn one
I have not found 1
How do they finish the puzzle?
Me:they 3D print it
Them:-face palm-
Me:what?
3:27 skeletons are more accurate than ever, but Sue is still the only one brave enough to show her pudge.
She was thick, thick boned.
Not anymore. “Scotty” is the new champ in size.
Does this mean the T-Rex may actually have had longer arms?
I don’t think so since they can practically build a 100% accurate skeleton now from the 46 fossils they have found
No, the arms are based off of the t.rex arms found with sue.
no
Or no arms... like dragons documented in several cultures
@@firepilot21studios62 xD they found nothing dude, they can just creat whatever they wants and show it as fact but in reality there is even chance that dinosaurs never existed
The eyes on the T. Rex recreation are seriously disturbing
Jillian Aluisio so is how inaccurate it is. Tyrannosaurus had no feathers whatsoever. And to top it off? Tyrannosaurus had lips.
It's often disappointing that everybody loves dinosaurs and ice age mammals but not other prehistoric animals
Gorgonopsid squad
So T-rex 🦖 had hairs on their head? That's GREAT because Jrassic Park movie just missed it.
More like a form of proto feather, or hair-like filaments, similar to the fluffy down on birds. Although, we still aren't 100% certain if T. rex had feathers or not
Secretly, every T-Rex is a large chicken
True, T-rex meat even taste like chicken
@@alphariusfuze8089 you can’t be sure unless you taste it.
How do they figure out the missing pieces? Life...uh...finds a way.
hey vox, the Tyrannosaurus Rex was actually given the name Dynamosaurus imperiosus when it was first discovered
Plot twist the T. rex actually has tiny legs but long arms
this is the good dinosaur content we needed 🦕🦖👏🏻
The _T-Rex_ you see in the world today, lives in a poultry farm!
The brontosaurus mistake lasted until the 1970’s but I was taught about them in my early 2000’s elementary school classes?
Man American education sucks.
Well the name brontosaurus is back again so it's not wrong🤷♂️
i dont think normal elementary school teaches about dinosaurs
this guy is an alien
Earliest I’ve been to a vox video , thank you for this. 👏👏 I hope you do more dinosaur videos
that T-rex smiling at me..
It's all fun and games until they uncover a Stone Mask.
God Creates Dinosaur.
God Destroys Dinosaur
God Creates Man
Man creates a *UNIX System*
*I KNOW THIS*
Click click
Tap tap
Dank meme my man
Lol gods not real dinosaurs evolved from Multi complex organisms
It was a asteroid that got caught in earth gravitational forces that got them extinct.
Man created gods because people thousands of years ago did not now how stuff work.
Educated people began to find out how things actually happens then modern science came 500 years ago
*THE DOORLOCKS!*
Imagine how long the first dinosaur skeleton took to be put together
Not long, considering the very first skeleton piece that was called by the name 'dinosaur' was half a jaw, that's it. Found by accident in a coal mine in Britain.
That t rex got legs when they found it.
Nice but in my opinion more incomplete dinosaurs discoveries lead to more confusion and more inaccuracy
"The recostructions are 99-100% accurate"
*cries in Spinosaurus*
Didnt want this video to end! So informative
Wow, I just found a new favorite Vox producer beside Joss Fong
I accidentally build a t-rex. What should i do now.
Necromancy!
Rob a gas station
Call an ambulance
4:21
Me: so this is what a t.rex looks like
Also me: that is disgusting
You think thats disgusting? Just look at the Saccorhytus, WE evolved from these
0:51 This picture is actually from the 90s or onwards, not the early 1900s. Because the pose of the T. rex is horizontal after the 1991 renovation.
If the front and back limbs were missing, how do we know the creature they found didn’t fly?
If paleontologist a came across the one instance of what myths have passed down to us as “dragons”, they would simply “reconstruct” the “correct” skeleton. Based on chickens and other birds for reference...
I would love for you guys to do more videos on dinosaurs, they are fascinating
For a while, they changed the name to Apatosaurus because usually, the names are assigned to the earliest discovery. Then, more recently, they decided that there were two species of similar dinosaurs and they were talking about assigning Bronto saurus to one, and the other, Apatosaurus. I think they're still arguing about that, though.
In the future we might be just be put on museums as proof of humans existing
I remember seeing Mark Norell in the 1992 documentary series PBS The Dinosaurs. Specifically, episode 2, Flesh on the Bones. He appears towards the end of the episode. I'd say that he hasn't changed much.
Kind of shows how we can be taught something in school then learn later in life that it was completely wrong.
Like the layers of the earth core 😭
Just the fact I could have lived my entire life without knowing this knowledge boggles me
In 50 years they'll be saying something different so don't sweat it.
Why didn't the T-Rex like to run?
He always got Dino-sore.
Get help
@@zucc3039 Wot mate?
4:24 That yellow t-rex is so terrifying 😳
There’s another case where scientists mistook the thumb claw of the Iguanodon dinosaur for its tooth. The difference in how it looks from back then Is quite noticeable.
It's amazing we still don't know how dinosaurs actually looked like we are just making assumptions based on their skeleton..... Imagine someone who's never seen a cat and sees the skull of cat... I wonder how they'd recreate it's looks 😂
This is a common and interesting phenomenon these days (over the last decade or so). Vox is just a half step off on almost everything. They aren’t necessarily wrong, but they are far enough away from being correct.
If dinosaurs were not real then how come I saw real life dinosaur bones
who says they arent real?
@@evansims2816 Christians
Well, technically you didn't. You saw the mineralized imprints those bones left behind in the sediment before they decayed, long ago.
The entire time I kept just yelling, “OH IVE BEEN THERE” lol
Thanks for sharing. It helps me understand how paleontologists reconstruct dinosaurs,although they are not necessarily right
4:00 that is the creepiest thing ive ever seen
Like with most other dinosaurs they used the bones from other T-Rexs and casts of ones to complete it.
Hello Ben Kenobi
i feel weird this early like i'm the only student in the classroom
All the fossil finders working from home excavating their houses
I loved how dinosaurs have evolved, from kangaroos with tails dragging down to what we have today.
Evolution is a satanic lie