I genuinely respect Mesopotamia very deeply. Most civilizations in history were birthed by importing knowledge from older civilizations that were nearby and putting their own spin on things to create something new. Mesopotamia didn’t have that luxury. They were the original. Civilization is not something intuitive. It’s not natural to nature. It’s an aberration created by humanity by all accounts. Yet, it’s the greatest creation of mankind. Civilization is arguably the fundamental layer that separated us from the animals. It’s truly the accomplishment of all time. And it was built from nothing. And Mesopotamia was the civilization that did it. So mad respect to them. 🫡
I take it that you don't subscribe to Graham Hancock's theory of a pre-younger dryas ice age civilization? iDK if I believe him myself but it's a romantic notion.
@@Thomas-rv1wi It’s definitely a possibility, especially given the flood myths birthed from the ice age floods long, long ago. But I doubt it’s what we’d call ‘civilization’ in the modern sense besides peoples with agricultural dominating those who didn’t.
@@DarthHoosier3038I doubt they were an advanced civilization but lost landmasses like Doggerland and what is now under the sea of Ireland were places civilizations could have developed. More underwater archeology is needed.
I remember stumbling into the middle of a guided tour of the Assyrian section of The British Museum, where the older lady giving the talk summed up the stone carvings as such: "The Assyrians were very good at brutally slaughtering entire populations and then making fantastic works of art like this to congratulate themselves". Delivered with the calm, dry wit of a kindly old lady. Stuck with her tour for the rest of the afternoon, she told it how it really was!
Yeah that was Ghandi. Christ said if your right eye makes you sin, it'd be better to gouge it out than to pay for your sin "where the worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched." Of course He didn't mean you should actually do that. He suffered death and Hell in your place. Believe Him and He shall have the reward of His sacrifice.
@@fresholiveoil6490 he didn't exactly mean it metaphorically either, more super-literally. As in applying to more than the literal example but not necessarily excluding it.
Your comment about how a society conducts warfare determines its politics. Our society is no longer about mustering men with guns it’s about giant weapons manufacturers selling the best equipment to the government. I think that speaks to how our society is controlled by those same corporations.
bro you're mixing so many things up. 1. Jesus never said: "an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind", you're thinking about Gandhi. 2. Necho was not a babylonian leader. he was an Egyptian leaders. You're thinking about King Nabopolassar. He was the founder of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and reigned from 626 BCE to 605 . Not only did you get the name wrong, you also got the civilisation wrong, and the time/era wrong. Necho I was a pharaoh of Egypt who ruled during the Late Period, specifically in the 26th Dynasty (also known as the Saite Dynasty). His reign lasted from 672 BCE to 664 BCE. 2. You also mixed up Necho with another historical leader. The "babylonian king Necho who loved to dig up archeological sites" that you're thinking about was the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal who made The Royal Library of Ashurbanipal. Pharaoh Necho II, who ruled Egypt from 610 to 595 BCE, is not typically associated with a love for archaeology as we understand it today. However, he is known for significant contributions to ancient Egyptian engineering and exploration. One of Necho II's notable achievements was his ambitious project to dig a canal connecting the Nile River to the Red Sea. This canal was intended to facilitate trade and military movement. Although the project was not completed during his reign, it demonstrated his interest in large-scale infrastructure and exploration. 3. Urartians are not Armenians. That's like saying you are your grandfather. The Urartian where a people group who spoke a language belonging to the Hurro-Urartian language family, whereas Armenians speak a Indo-european language. It is true that Urartians laid the civilizational foundation for the Armenians, and the two places roughly overlap. The first historical mention of Armenia is often associated with the Behistun Inscription, created by the Achaemenid king Darius I around 522-486 BCE. This is long after the fall of Urartu. 4. The Assyrian Empire's military campaigns against Elam in the late 7th century BCE were devastating and marked the near-total destruction of the Elamite state, but Elam did not entirely cease to exist afterward. We do know that Assyrians did commit horrible atrocities and did genocide the Elamite people, but the Elamite did survive and existed also afterwards. Despite this devastation, Elam was not entirely wiped out as a cultural and ethnic entity. The region of Elam continued to exist, though much weakened and fragmented. The Elamites themselves continued to live in the region, albeit under the shadow of foreign powers, including the Medes and later the Achaemenid Persians. 5. The word "Cimmerians" is commonly pronounced as sih-MEER-ee-ənz or kih-MEER-ee-ənz. These are not the same people as the SUMERIANs. 6. The Medes did not live in/around azerbaijan. They lived centered around Ecbatana, which is modern day Hamedan, and their rough geographical homeland overlaps with todays Kurdistan, Iranian Northwest (which is called Iranian Azerbaijan - which is located SOUTH of modern day Azerbaijan), and close to the southern parts of the caspian sea. There are multiple ruins and graves belonging to Median kings in modern day Iraqi/South Kurdistan - the most famous one being the Tomb of Huvashtra/Cyaxeres, which is located in/close to the Kurdish city of Sulaymaniyah. Huvashtra/Cyaxeres was the Median king who along with the Babylonian King Nabopolassar defeated the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
Thanks for the comment. If the information you wrote is true, then you seem to know quite a lot about these topics. No joke, I'd love to see you do a video on it, the world needs more quality information. If you ever decide to do it, please let me know here.
We Armenians do have stories fighting the Assyrians, namely Ara the Beautiful who fought the Assyrian Queen Semiramis. But the thing is, this was Urartu, a Kingdom ruled by a Hurrian speaking dynasty, and wasn’t wholly Armenian. So there is a bit of a disconnect there.
They were Armenian. Armenia and Urartu are exonyms the Autonym probably has always been something like Hayk. I don't know why the language shift occured, maybe Indo-European conquest maybe all their neighbors were conquered by Indo-Europeans(as Armenians have essentially no Indo-European genes) and they adopted the language to better communicate and be prestigeous but it is the exact same people.
@@ikengaspirit3063 The language was there from the beginning. The first King of Urartu was Arame, a name that seems to be an Armenian name, Aram, with Indo European roots. A bunch of other kings have partially Indo European names too, Argisti may be derived parly from Areg. So it's more like the Indo European Armenians were already there, and the Kingdom was simply ruled by a Hurrian Dynasty.
Cimmerians migrated to modern day Wales. 🏴 (Cymru) cimmerians and Scythians were related. Scotland claims to be Scythian in their declaration of independence. Scotia\Scythia
Rudyard, *I WANT YOU TO KNOW IF YOU DO A HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION I WILL ABSOLUTELY BUY IT* It’d be nice to have a more modern and updated version of like Will Durant but with your view on politics and society that’s like a breath of fresh air and unique in modern academia
As someone who's Middle Eastern, it's not fitting at all. They just cooked up some Indian music and slapped it onto some depictions of Assyrians. Modern day orientalism at work.
@@KARKATELCESARENVIADODESA-pv4yd to me the arrangement makes it seem super rushed. And the other guy isn’t really making a contribution. Even if he doesn’t know history I think they should prep so he can ask interesting questions rather than rudyard just drawing attention to the fact that the other guy is also there.
@@cameronwright9398 It wasn't an arrangement, he started this channel inviting people and then rudyard came in and people liked it and they just kept doing it. I mean I understand how it comes off as weird to me it was also very weird the first time and I also thought it was rudyards channel but the host grows on you, I dont know why he isnt talking a lot lately but in previous videos he asked questions unscripted and directed the conversation nicely.
What an ironic comment. "Persian" civilization isn't just Persian. It's Iranian (Aryan). Only the Achaemenid and Sassanid dynasties were Persian. The Parthians who ruled for 400 years weren't even Persian. Iranian civilization is distinct because it wasn't a monolith of cultures, but a blend of various Aryan ethnic groups. And it still is to this day.
38:13 North Mesopotamian Arabic dialect was basicly in parts where ISIL dominated and have strong Aramaic substrate whose was lenguage of assyrians . Also Sunni shia split of iraq is similar as Babylonian and Assyrian split so is possible that this is correct
"... in prehistory, every 15 years the narrative completely changes" That's what makes it so intriguing and exciting! You never know what wild and unexpected discovery is going to come next and totally reframe our understanding of our earliest years!
Yes but that generally means we don't know squat and are blindly stabbing in the dark using the current cultural norms as a basis for any thesis rather than evidence.
@@ReallyAwesomeBoyand if it was later than the Land of Canaanites (somehow), the area harboring British Palestine was the Kingdom of Israel. The Kingdom of Judea was further south, although it did contain Jerusalem.
@@epsilonkw696 It could be, because the neo Babylonians were mentioned, and they were the ones to expel the Jews, where it might have been Judea for a century since the kingdom of Israel was destroyed by the neo Assyrians before, and was probably known by that name until the Romans changed it in either 60 or 130.
In that time it called Philistia , it was a confederation of five main cities or pentapolis in the Southwest Levant, made up of principally Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, and Gath, and for a time, Jaffa.
Canaan in the bronze age. Israel, Judea and Philistia according to the specific part until Sennacherib's campaign, probably more Israel because it was the biggest. Judea until the failure of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Palestine until 1948.
Please read the Urantia Book as one of your 5 books. It was written in 1935 with info that wasnt known till later. Mysterious origin but has a well written theory on how the world came to be in a ohysical and spirtual sense. Very fascinating information and can give you a good framework or prehistory.
The state of azerbaijan, at the period in reference consisted of caucasian albanians. While the medes did occupy the majority of iran's south azerbaijan, historians often refer to the area between the cities of Isfahan (Gabae), Ray (Ragae) and Hamadan (Ectanaba, the capital of the medes) as being the primary location for media civilization.
Irrigation without rain in south Mesopotamia resulted in salt saturation of the land forcing changw from wheat to barley and then abandonment of the area. Egypt had annual floods to wash the salt away.
@@Thomas-rv1wi The Khazars traded with the Goths down the Volga. The Goths essentially replace the Romans especially in Spain and opened it for the Moors. They also came out of the Rhineland and created the Franks. But we have very little information on how this evolved.
@@tuckerbugeater the Germanic peoples must have had an outrageous birth rate in this time period, because they expanded from just having southern Scandinavia and the norther-most strip of modern Germany to going almost literally everywhere in Europe (and even north Africa) as hundreds of suddenly-distinct groups.
A fear based society with a rigid autocratic government instilling terror to compel obedience and possibly including literal human sacrifice, right? Should be interesting to see if you bring out They Invented Fractional Reserve Lending, which really only reappeared in the West a couple thousand years later in mercantile venice. I do not yet know when fractional reserve lending arose in China, India, or Japan. It's one of the world's most important economic developments. Did I mention the periodic flooding of the alluvial plain, often with deadly effect? That also sees characteristic of the three axial civilizations, though I expect it is also true of Mississipian ancient culture though we likely have no records of that or of the amazonian delta. Regarding ancient egyptian religion they believed in resurrection, in fact lots of christianity is warmed over from egypt, instead of crucifixion the god is chopped up in bits (i suspect have no evidence this is the idea that everyone is one of the god's parts). They had mixed animal human gods, i presume that is reflective of animism i.e. seeing all as alive and all as divine but going through transformations.
Wooow! Holy fascinating vid Batman!?!? Thank you so much for this video! You are TRULY impressive with your knowledge and explanation. I have been studying the Mideast for years. And this video gets an A PLUS from me. You really choose very interesting and entertaining examples. And you give a tremendous "big picture" "birds eye view" perspective. I look forward to any knowledge / history that you post... I studied Cuneiform Signs at OSU a lifetime ago. But that is a story for another time.
That was a great summary with your trademark insights. Few issues. You skipped Neo-Sumerian empire and the impact of chariot warriors like Hittites, Mittani and Kassites on Mesopotamia. The last Neo-Babylonian king whom you call Necho, is it Necho or Nabodinus?
@32:00 I don't think you understand how ancient chariot warfare really occurred in the bronze age. The chariots were transportation, you wouldn't crash a chariot into someone, the horses won't do it if they can see it coming and you risk yourself and your expensive chariot in a crash. Bronze age warfare often was individual against individual even when large armies would meet a few people would move forward and then fight 1v1, akin to tribal combat in some areas of Africa even today, these heroes couldn't be everywhere at once it was too exhausting, but on a chariot these heroes could fight multiple 1v1 battles up and down the line. Later in the iron age you would have proper phalangites that fought in formation but that usually wasn't how Homeric age combat occurred and it wasn't described in that way by Homer either. They could also use missile weapons from the chariot and you had to have chariots of your own to fend off such harassment. Essentially the chariot 'enabled' heroic combat by elites overpowering the effect of massed spear levies, primarily by allowing elite warriors a less risky ranged attack, the ability to retreat and rest, and to be transported without exhausting oneself around the battlefield to critical areas. All advantages future mounted elites also enjoyed.
Unrelated, but pre-history always fascinated me from the perspective of how alien yet similar in different aspect to modern society. I also think you could take it and make a pretty neat fantasy setting out of it.
Incredibly interesting, made me realize how few I know about those ancient times (let's see everything "BC"). I always like to see the bigger picture / how things are connected, so I loved that you shared your thoughts here about what similarities one can make between different civilisations and key figures. This is something severely lacking in my history classes at school which made me think history is boring and useless, only to realize since recent years (I'm 41 now) how fundamental and fascinating history (and related fields such as philosophy, anthropology, psychology etc.) to make some sense of the world we live in.
"Every 15 years the thinking about this period of History changes" (unlike Historical periods that there is docs texts language record). This is a very interesting point that the video is calling out attention to.
"If you're living in France today you've never seen a major war" Uhh, excuse me? There is a significant number of people still living in France who remember a little event called World War 2.
It’s been 79 years since the ending of world war 2. The average life span for a French person is 82. So taking that into account you would have to be born in 1945. Which would mean you didn’t see much of WW2. Or to actually fight in the war that person would have to live to at least 97 years old. I think it’s pretty safe to say. 99.99% of France hasn’t been in a world war. I’m not trying to insult you or say you’re stupid. I just wanted to make that clarification. You could argue France has been in other conflicts. The Algerian war is a strong contender. But after the 50s not much. Maybe the Shaba invasions or… northern Mali conflict. French troops haven’t died in large numbers really since WW2 despite France being a very militarily aggressive country.
Heard of George S. Scott (what an amazing actor), and I look forward to reading James S. Scott and his “Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States” (2017).
I've only watched 30 minutes of this SO FAR. I am enjoying this topic. Thank you. I do suggest that you make your declarative statements as sentences. I suggest you find a way to separate your thoughts with ending a sentence. You have a tendency to just add a conjunction and continue on.
He said people get civilized, the civilized grow weak, barbarians conquer them, barbarians grow civilized, process repeats. Funny, that’s exact what happens in chimpanzee tribal culture. We give ourselves too much credit.
The human sacrifice comes late, not early. You need massive social pressure for human scapegoating to really take hold, that requires a civilization to be old and wicked.
The leader of alliance against Assyrians was Taharqa from modern Sudan. What happened is Eygption in early history conquered Nubia so the nubian adapted Eygption religion and culture but Eygpt went to a period of degenerocity and internal conflicts so the nubians conquered Eygpt and formed a new dynasty but it was more like restoration of Eygption culture
Friend, it’s pronounced “Chatal Huyuk.” Ç makes the “ch” sound in Turkish (Turkey is where the archaeological site is found), “ch” as in the English pronunciation of chocolate.
Your videos are awesome. You make interesting points in most of them. But, for all that is holy, stop calling it Turkey if you're talking about the ancient world. Asia minor, Anatolia, the near east even. But unless you are referring to the 20th or 21st century, it's not Turkey. And the nomads the Assirians were fighting were not the "Sumerians". They were the Scythians. Loved the video!
Mesopotamian soldiers were not like hopolites. They used short spears and archers with no armor and wicker shields. During the Bronze Age, they adopted chatiots and later javelin armed cavalry. Greeks were heavy infantry fighting in close order with long thrusting spears and relatively few missile troops or cavalry.
Why do you say Sumer grew weaker when Akkad rose? I always thought the Akkadian empire was an example of the strength of unity over fragmented city-states.
Bringing civilisation to a peoppe by force is based and I'm tired of our society pretending like it's some sort of great crime when in reality is amazingly heroic
You kept calling the barbarians that attacked the Assyrians from the north, that were that time period's Huns or Mongols, Sumerians but as stated earlier in the video the Sumerians were the guys in modern day Kuwait who founded civilization. I'm guessing you meant the Scythians who I recall as being the main tribal group of the central Asian steppes from roughly this time period.
The weather has had at least 5 major temp changes in the last 4,000 years coinciding with the Bronze Age Collapse, the CRisis if the Third Century, the Medival Warming Period, the cooling in the 1300s and the mini ice age from 1600 to 1815. During the Dark Ages temperatures dropped 2 degrees C and the Middle East was more temperate than today coinciding with the rise of Islam.
As far as I could tell but 2700 BC was around the beginning of the construction of the pyramids, but there were over a hundred constructed over the span of centuries.
@37:30 this is exactly what Tariq ibn Khaldun thats about. Advanced socieities domesticating their own people to make them controllable but weakening themselves to outside pressure in the process.
Early on pre5000 BC every 100 years or so barbarians would come out of the mountains and conquer the farmers. The barbarian dynasty would kast 3 or 4 generations until the rulers became soft and in turn were conquered. This continued until rulers built city walls and small kings arose.
Also, the Sumerians were absolutely not the first civilizations. And there are languages before cuneiform. I don't understand why that continues to be taught as the beginning of the recordings of human civilization.
I can give you a general view not history but poltical anthology. There's a common phrase in modern Eygpt says : ( All countries are built as states except for Eygpt its an army a states built around it ) Eygpt throughout all it history weather it were Pharaohs , mamluks , Mohammed Ali and modern Eygpt all were military dictatorships
America is actively working to put foreigners in the ranks of the military. While I was on active duty, I saw many service members with other countries' flags on display. It was chilling.
@@aaronthompson192 not on their uniforms, but on their cars in their personal spaces, etc. Don't get me wrong, I have no problem with people celebrating their heritage, but I don't like when American soldiers display other flags and not our own.
@46:00 omg do you actually know anything about Assyria's fall? Their army was in Egypt and they were sneak attacked by the Medes from the east who sacked Assur before their army could return, the spiritual heart of the empire, and thus broke its spell over the other nations, especially Babylon which joined forces with the Medes to take Nineveh the capital.
He said those parts are boring, and I agree with him, because they didn't have control over their own destiny for the entire period spanning Cyrus' conquest and de-colonization. The islamic golden age and Mongols are more like things that _happened to_ them.
I genuinely respect Mesopotamia very deeply. Most civilizations in history were birthed by importing knowledge from older civilizations that were nearby and putting their own spin on things to create something new. Mesopotamia didn’t have that luxury. They were the original.
Civilization is not something intuitive. It’s not natural to nature. It’s an aberration created by humanity by all accounts. Yet, it’s the greatest creation of mankind. Civilization is arguably the fundamental layer that separated us from the animals. It’s truly the accomplishment of all time. And it was built from nothing. And Mesopotamia was the civilization that did it. So mad respect to them. 🫡
I take it that you don't subscribe to Graham Hancock's theory of a pre-younger dryas ice age civilization? iDK if I believe him myself but it's a romantic notion.
@@Thomas-rv1wi It’s definitely a possibility, especially given the flood myths birthed from the ice age floods long, long ago. But I doubt it’s what we’d call ‘civilization’ in the modern sense besides peoples with agricultural dominating those who didn’t.
@@DarthHoosier3038I doubt they were an advanced civilization but lost landmasses like Doggerland and what is now under the sea of Ireland were places civilizations could have developed. More underwater archeology is needed.
@@Thomas-rv1wi I think the pre-Dryas people were likely about as advanced as Indus or Sumeria.
Basically, fuck ancient Mesopotamia they pegged themselves out of a civ just to be replaced by proto-Arabs. And left us holding the bomb.
I remember stumbling into the middle of a guided tour of the Assyrian section of The British Museum, where the older lady giving the talk summed up the stone carvings as such: "The Assyrians were very good at brutally slaughtering entire populations and then making fantastic works of art like this to congratulate themselves". Delivered with the calm, dry wit of a kindly old lady. Stuck with her tour for the rest of the afternoon, she told it how it really was!
The assyrians were probably the most brutal society to ever exist.
They seem like they are to me. I struggle to find a more brutal group of people, other than nomadic warrior tribes of the steppes
Between the fall and the reinvention of civilisation, it was horrific all who survived would have to be brutal.
Civilization is inherently wicked. Violence is the supreme authority through which all authority is derived after all.
I kinda like how comically brutal they were, you really don’t get societies that are almost unequivocally evil so it makes them interesting
@@Bbmin0rBmaj0r indeed, I struggle to find more than a small handful of outright evil and wicked societies. Like, openly, unapologetically so
Can't believe he missed the opportunity to say "lake giga Chad"
he didn't though?
Came down the comments to post that 😂
@@B0K1T0he said lake megachad
Christ did not say, "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth make the world blind". But it is a cute aphorism.
That was Ghandi wasn't it?
@@FallingUpwards-l8y maybe
christ didnt know anything bro that is not real
Yeah that was Ghandi. Christ said if your right eye makes you sin, it'd be better to gouge it out than to pay for your sin "where the worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched."
Of course He didn't mean you should actually do that. He suffered death and Hell in your place. Believe Him and He shall have the reward of His sacrifice.
@@fresholiveoil6490 he didn't exactly mean it metaphorically either, more super-literally. As in applying to more than the literal example but not necessarily excluding it.
Your comment about how a society conducts warfare determines its politics. Our society is no longer about mustering men with guns it’s about giant weapons manufacturers selling the best equipment to the government. I think that speaks to how our society is controlled by those same corporations.
bro you're mixing so many things up.
1. Jesus never said: "an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind", you're thinking about Gandhi.
2. Necho was not a babylonian leader. he was an Egyptian leaders. You're thinking about King Nabopolassar. He was the founder of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and reigned from 626 BCE to 605 . Not only did you get the name wrong, you also got the civilisation wrong, and the time/era wrong.
Necho I was a pharaoh of Egypt who ruled during the Late Period, specifically in the 26th Dynasty (also known as the Saite Dynasty). His reign lasted from 672 BCE to 664 BCE.
2. You also mixed up Necho with another historical leader. The "babylonian king Necho who loved to dig up archeological sites" that you're thinking about was the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal who made The Royal Library of Ashurbanipal.
Pharaoh Necho II, who ruled Egypt from 610 to 595 BCE, is not typically associated with a love for archaeology as we understand it today. However, he is known for significant contributions to ancient Egyptian engineering and exploration.
One of Necho II's notable achievements was his ambitious project to dig a canal connecting the Nile River to the Red Sea. This canal was intended to facilitate trade and military movement. Although the project was not completed during his reign, it demonstrated his interest in large-scale infrastructure and exploration.
3. Urartians are not Armenians. That's like saying you are your grandfather.
The Urartian where a people group who spoke a language belonging to the Hurro-Urartian language family, whereas Armenians speak a Indo-european language.
It is true that Urartians laid the civilizational foundation for the Armenians, and the two places roughly overlap.
The first historical mention of Armenia is often associated with the Behistun Inscription, created by the Achaemenid king Darius I around 522-486 BCE.
This is long after the fall of Urartu.
4. The Assyrian Empire's military campaigns against Elam in the late 7th century BCE were devastating and marked the near-total destruction of the Elamite state, but Elam did not entirely cease to exist afterward.
We do know that Assyrians did commit horrible atrocities and did genocide the Elamite people, but the Elamite did survive and existed also afterwards.
Despite this devastation, Elam was not entirely wiped out as a cultural and ethnic entity. The region of Elam continued to exist, though much weakened and fragmented. The Elamites themselves continued to live in the region, albeit under the shadow of foreign powers, including the Medes and later the Achaemenid Persians.
5. The word "Cimmerians" is commonly pronounced as sih-MEER-ee-ənz or kih-MEER-ee-ənz.
These are not the same people as the SUMERIANs.
6. The Medes did not live in/around azerbaijan. They lived centered around Ecbatana, which is modern day Hamedan, and their rough geographical homeland overlaps with todays Kurdistan, Iranian Northwest (which is called Iranian Azerbaijan - which is located SOUTH of modern day Azerbaijan), and close to the southern parts of the caspian sea.
There are multiple ruins and graves belonging to Median kings in modern day Iraqi/South Kurdistan - the most famous one being the Tomb of Huvashtra/Cyaxeres, which is located in/close to the Kurdish city of Sulaymaniyah. Huvashtra/Cyaxeres was the Median king who along with the Babylonian King Nabopolassar defeated the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
🤓
Thanks for the comment. If the information you wrote is true, then you seem to know quite a lot about these topics. No joke, I'd love to see you do a video on it, the world needs more quality information. If you ever decide to do it, please let me know here.
Is one of them the Nabucco from the Verdi opera?
You really expect anything by these guys to be accurate? I accidentally clicked here thinking it was something else. I won't be back.
Some of these points are so desperately pedantic that I have to wonder what you're even trying to prove. Would you happen to be autistic?
We Armenians do have stories fighting the Assyrians, namely Ara the Beautiful who fought the Assyrian Queen Semiramis. But the thing is, this was Urartu, a Kingdom ruled by a Hurrian speaking dynasty, and wasn’t wholly Armenian. So there is a bit of a disconnect there.
armenians are bad people
They were Armenian. Armenia and Urartu are exonyms the Autonym probably has always been something like Hayk. I don't know why the language shift occured, maybe Indo-European conquest maybe all their neighbors were conquered by Indo-Europeans(as Armenians have essentially no Indo-European genes) and they adopted the language to better communicate and be prestigeous but it is the exact same people.
@@ikengaspirit3063 The language was there from the beginning. The first King of Urartu was Arame, a name that seems to be an Armenian name, Aram, with Indo European roots. A bunch of other kings have partially Indo European names too, Argisti may be derived parly from Areg. So it's more like the Indo European Armenians were already there, and the Kingdom was simply ruled by a Hurrian Dynasty.
Note that the tribe allying with Medes against Assyria were CIMMERIANS (originally from Crimea) not Sumerians.
Yeah, that part confused me because of the similar pronunciation.
I think he said it right the first time, and every time after that he said Sumerians
Cimmerians migrated to modern day Wales. 🏴 (Cymru) cimmerians and Scythians were related. Scotland claims to be Scythian in their declaration of independence. Scotia\Scythia
The Assyrian text call them the kimmeroi
The Cimmerians were Sumerians. They were from Ur
Rudyard, *I WANT YOU TO KNOW IF YOU DO A HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION I WILL ABSOLUTELY BUY IT*
It’d be nice to have a more modern and updated version of like Will Durant but with your view on politics and society that’s like a breath of fresh air and unique in modern academia
There was a guy who fled Uruk (now Iraq) to form the Jews.
Watch the Lost city of Abraham by Inspiring Philosophy. He makes a good argument that Abraham was from Urfa (in modern day Turkey) not Uruk
These Ancient Civilizations are the reasons why we exist today and yet many people today don't realize it.
The opening music fits with the Mesopotamia video.
I hope they do the Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid Persian Empire, First Persian Empire. I’m really excited for that one.
@@ItsukiNakanoshouldIsMine Ah Cyrus the Great a classic leader from Persis.
It does
@@josephstalin839 Indeed. The only Persian king to be dubbed "Messiah" by the Jews.
As someone who's Middle Eastern, it's not fitting at all. They just cooked up some Indian music and slapped it onto some depictions of Assyrians. Modern day orientalism at work.
Why is that other guy even on this video???
It's a collab to bring two very different audiences together for more efficient monetization, mainly.
He is the owner of this channel dude XD Rudyard is his guest.
@@KARKATELCESARENVIADODESA-pv4yd to me the arrangement makes it seem super rushed. And the other guy isn’t really making a contribution. Even if he doesn’t know history I think they should prep so he can ask interesting questions rather than rudyard just drawing attention to the fact that the other guy is also there.
@@cameronwright9398 It wasn't an arrangement, he started this channel inviting people and then rudyard came in and people liked it and they just kept doing it.
I mean I understand how it comes off as weird to me it was also very weird the first time and I also thought it was rudyards channel but the host grows on you, I dont know why he isnt talking a lot lately but in previous videos he asked questions unscripted and directed the conversation nicely.
@@cameronwright9398 Yeah they should prep the dynamic more.
Fun fact - Ur, one of the first cities, it is the origin for the word for "city" in Hebrew (pronounced Ir)
There should be an episode or Persian civilization given how distinct it is from the Arabs and Turks
I would love to have a video on just Zoroastrianism before its death by Islam. I always thought the fire worship was an exotic phenomenon.
What an ironic comment. "Persian" civilization isn't just Persian. It's Iranian (Aryan). Only the Achaemenid and Sassanid dynasties were Persian. The Parthians who ruled for 400 years weren't even Persian. Iranian civilization is distinct because it wasn't a monolith of cultures, but a blend of various Aryan ethnic groups. And it still is to this day.
38:13 North Mesopotamian Arabic dialect was basicly in parts where ISIL dominated and have strong Aramaic substrate whose was lenguage of assyrians . Also Sunni shia split of iraq is similar as Babylonian and Assyrian split so is possible that this is correct
Scythians are the folk who invented horse archer warfare.
9:00 southern Iraq is not a desert you can still find a complete ecosystem of swamps called al ahwar (the mesopotamian marshes)
abriham was from Ur not Uruk. love these vids btw
@41:10 the book 1177 BC: The year civilization collapsed by Cline is the definitive book about the bronze age collapse.
Mr Cline is incredibly blue pilled and basic but that is a great book.
"... in prehistory, every 15 years the narrative completely changes"
That's what makes it so intriguing and exciting! You never know what wild and unexpected discovery is going to come next and totally reframe our understanding of our earliest years!
Yes but that generally means we don't know squat and are blindly stabbing in the dark using the current cultural norms as a basis for any thesis rather than evidence.
Jueda* not Palestine, it was not named that until long after this time period.
It's actually Canaan back then
@@ReallyAwesomeBoyand if it was later than the Land of Canaanites (somehow), the area harboring British Palestine was the Kingdom of Israel. The Kingdom of Judea was further south, although it did contain Jerusalem.
@@epsilonkw696 It could be, because the neo Babylonians were mentioned, and they were the ones to expel the Jews, where it might have been Judea for a century since the kingdom of Israel was destroyed by the neo Assyrians before, and was probably known by that name until the Romans changed it in either 60 or 130.
In that time it called Philistia , it was a confederation of five main cities or pentapolis in the Southwest Levant, made up of principally Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, and Gath, and for a time, Jaffa.
Canaan in the bronze age.
Israel, Judea and Philistia according to the specific part until Sennacherib's campaign, probably more Israel because it was the biggest.
Judea until the failure of the Bar Kokhba revolt.
Palestine until 1948.
The most ancient of battlefields.
Some were destroyed by ISIS. Blasted idiots.
Please read the Urantia Book as one of your 5 books. It was written in 1935 with info that wasnt known till later. Mysterious origin but has a well written theory on how the world came to be in a ohysical and spirtual sense. Very fascinating information and can give you a good framework or prehistory.
The state of azerbaijan, at the period in reference consisted of caucasian albanians. While the medes did occupy the majority of iran's south azerbaijan, historians often refer to the area between the cities of Isfahan (Gabae), Ray (Ragae) and Hamadan (Ectanaba, the capital of the medes) as being the primary location for media civilization.
Irrigation without rain in south Mesopotamia resulted in salt saturation of the land forcing changw from wheat to barley and then abandonment of the area. Egypt had annual floods to wash the salt away.
can you do one about jewish civilisation?
Like Old Israel and Judah? Or the entirety of Jewish history?
Hopefully he will talk about Big Khazar Milkers, the best part of Jewish civilization. Picture of Abigail Shapiro for reference.
@@Thomas-rv1wi The Khazars traded with the Goths down the Volga. The Goths essentially replace the Romans especially in Spain and opened it for the Moors. They also came out of the Rhineland and created the Franks. But we have very little information on how this evolved.
@@ItsukiNakanoshouldIsMine i find old judah and isreal intresting
@@tuckerbugeater the Germanic peoples must have had an outrageous birth rate in this time period, because they expanded from just having southern Scandinavia and the norther-most strip of modern Germany to going almost literally everywhere in Europe (and even north Africa) as hundreds of suddenly-distinct groups.
A fear based society with a rigid autocratic government instilling terror to compel obedience and possibly including literal human sacrifice, right? Should be interesting to see if you bring out They Invented Fractional Reserve Lending, which really only reappeared in the West a couple thousand years later in mercantile venice. I do not yet know when fractional reserve lending arose in China, India, or Japan. It's one of the world's most important economic developments.
Did I mention the periodic flooding of the alluvial plain, often with deadly effect? That also sees characteristic of the three axial civilizations, though I expect it is also true of Mississipian ancient culture though we likely have no records of that or of the amazonian delta.
Regarding ancient egyptian religion they believed in resurrection, in fact lots of christianity is warmed over from egypt, instead of crucifixion the god is chopped up in bits (i suspect have no evidence this is the idea that everyone is one of the god's parts). They had mixed animal human gods, i presume that is reflective of animism i.e. seeing all as alive and all as divine but going through transformations.
Wooow! Holy fascinating vid Batman!?!?
Thank you so much for this video! You are TRULY impressive with your knowledge and explanation. I have been studying the Mideast for years. And this video gets an A PLUS from me. You really choose very interesting and entertaining examples. And you give a tremendous "big picture" "birds eye view" perspective. I look forward to any knowledge / history that you post... I studied Cuneiform Signs at OSU a lifetime ago. But that is a story for another time.
That was a great summary with your trademark insights. Few issues. You skipped Neo-Sumerian empire and the impact of chariot warriors like Hittites, Mittani and Kassites on Mesopotamia.
The last Neo-Babylonian king whom you call Necho, is it Necho or Nabodinus?
47:07
He meant Scythians, not Sumerians
What is the other guys role in this "podcast" lmao , is this a greek dialogue where one guy yaps and the other just goes "yeah"
@ 50:00 The Dragons in Genesis podcast did multiple episodes on the history of the jews. It's worth lisening to.
Now one about the Netherlands :)
That’d be great
Covered extensively by numerous youtubers
Nah
A bunch of wooden show enthusiasts speculated of tulips. The End.
Too specific. The netherlands would be focused on alot in a video about capitalism and its origins, the fur trade, or some other subject like that.
@32:00 I don't think you understand how ancient chariot warfare really occurred in the bronze age. The chariots were transportation, you wouldn't crash a chariot into someone, the horses won't do it if they can see it coming and you risk yourself and your expensive chariot in a crash. Bronze age warfare often was individual against individual even when large armies would meet a few people would move forward and then fight 1v1, akin to tribal combat in some areas of Africa even today, these heroes couldn't be everywhere at once it was too exhausting, but on a chariot these heroes could fight multiple 1v1 battles up and down the line. Later in the iron age you would have proper phalangites that fought in formation but that usually wasn't how Homeric age combat occurred and it wasn't described in that way by Homer either. They could also use missile weapons from the chariot and you had to have chariots of your own to fend off such harassment. Essentially the chariot 'enabled' heroic combat by elites overpowering the effect of massed spear levies, primarily by allowing elite warriors a less risky ranged attack, the ability to retreat and rest, and to be transported without exhausting oneself around the battlefield to critical areas. All advantages future mounted elites also enjoyed.
Unrelated, but pre-history always fascinated me from the perspective of how alien yet similar in different aspect to modern society.
I also think you could take it and make a pretty neat fantasy setting out of it.
Did you say "alien"? 🤓 *enters ancient alien crazy hair guy*
@@Chris-es3wf lol.
Incredibly interesting, made me realize how few I know about those ancient times (let's see everything "BC"). I always like to see the bigger picture / how things are connected, so I loved that you shared your thoughts here about what similarities one can make between different civilisations and key figures. This is something severely lacking in my history classes at school which made me think history is boring and useless, only to realize since recent years (I'm 41 now) how fundamental and fascinating history (and related fields such as philosophy, anthropology, psychology etc.) to make some sense of the world we live in.
love these. Would like to see a viking joint. Lotta good lore and history there
The Vikings were like the second one he did.
@@bevbevan6189 oh snap have to go back
Rudyard, Çatalhöyük is pronounced like Chatalheuyeuk. FYI
(I am a Turk)
I love ancient Mesopotamia. We do know a bit but it’s so mysterious. Sumer is my favorite
According to history channel, it's aliens all the way down. 🤣
Could you link the genetic study about Abrahamic descent in the comments?
Btw çatalhöyük is pronounced like chatalhöyük ch like china and ö is like when you say bird and ü is more soft version of ö
"Every 15 years the thinking about this period of History changes" (unlike Historical periods that there is docs texts language record). This is a very interesting point that the video is calling out attention to.
Please make a history of the world book. Ill buy it. I like your lectures and perspectives. I would love to add your book to my collection.
"If you're living in France today you've never seen a major war"
Uhh, excuse me? There is a significant number of people still living in France who remember a little event called World War 2.
It’s been 79 years since the ending of world war 2. The average life span for a French person is 82. So taking that into account you would have to be born in 1945. Which would mean you didn’t see much of WW2. Or to actually fight in the war that person would have to live to at least 97 years old. I think it’s pretty safe to say. 99.99% of France hasn’t been in a world war. I’m not trying to insult you or say you’re stupid. I just wanted to make that clarification. You could argue France has been in other conflicts. The Algerian war is a strong contender. But after the 50s not much. Maybe the Shaba invasions or… northern Mali conflict. French troops haven’t died in large numbers really since WW2 despite France being a very militarily aggressive country.
5:51 interesting that early chinese civilization was also shaped by flooding of rivers and they came out with these same characteristics
Heard of George S. Scott (what an amazing actor), and I look forward to reading James S. Scott and his “Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States” (2017).
Can you do a rundown on native Americans?
I'm a native Canadian and there are just not enough records for this type of discussion. No written language.
@@Thomas-rv1wi A shame. I love native history.
@@Glawackus-1600 you won't in the coming decades
They were probably similar to other stone age cultures we don't have records from.
That would probably need to be three videos: North American natives, Mesoamerica, and Andean.
47:28 the Sumerians inventing horse back archer? Did you mis speak?
Do you mean the scythians or some other group?
At 28:30 I believe you meant to say that Sumerian became like the latin of mesopotamia, not Akkadian
Also, Fall of Civilizations Podcast. Summer, & Bronze Age Collapse.
What percentage of their chicken track tablets are still untranslated?
I've only watched 30 minutes of this SO FAR. I am enjoying this topic. Thank you. I do suggest that you make your declarative statements as sentences. I suggest you find a way to separate your thoughts with ending a sentence. You have a tendency to just add a conjunction and continue on.
He said people get civilized, the civilized grow weak, barbarians conquer them, barbarians grow civilized, process repeats. Funny, that’s exact what happens in chimpanzee tribal culture. We give ourselves too much credit.
The human sacrifice comes late, not early. You need massive social pressure for human scapegoating to really take hold, that requires a civilization to be old and wicked.
The leader of alliance against Assyrians was Taharqa from modern Sudan. What happened is Eygption in early history conquered Nubia so the nubian adapted Eygption religion and culture but Eygpt went to a period of degenerocity and internal conflicts so the nubians conquered Eygpt and formed a new dynasty but it was more like restoration of Eygption culture
Friend, it’s pronounced “Chatal Huyuk.” Ç makes the “ch” sound in Turkish (Turkey is where the archaeological site is found), “ch” as in the English pronunciation of chocolate.
Your videos are awesome. You make interesting points in most of them. But, for all that is holy, stop calling it Turkey if you're talking about the ancient world. Asia minor, Anatolia, the near east even. But unless you are referring to the 20th or 21st century, it's not Turkey. And the nomads the Assirians were fighting were not the "Sumerians". They were the Scythians. Loved the video!
weren't those north east Iranians?
Mesopotamian soldiers were not like hopolites. They used short spears and archers with no armor and wicker shields. During the Bronze Age, they adopted chatiots and later javelin armed cavalry. Greeks were heavy infantry fighting in close order with long thrusting spears and relatively few missile troops or cavalry.
Good stuff, but why was the other guy even there?
Why do you say Sumer grew weaker when Akkad rose? I always thought the Akkadian empire was an example of the strength of unity over fragmented city-states.
Climate was different thousands of years ago. It wasn't THAT arid. Heck, north africa was a mediterranean forest two thousand years ago.
Do one about mongol civilisation
What is the evidence for human sacrifice in Mesopotamia (you mentioned this)?
Bringing civilisation to a peoppe by force is based and I'm tired of our society pretending like it's some sort of great crime when in reality is amazingly heroic
Hit the griddy
Really grateful for this channel
Weird podcast structure with one guy talking 99% of the time and the other guy not listening
You kept calling the barbarians that attacked the Assyrians from the north, that were that time period's Huns or Mongols, Sumerians but as stated earlier in the video the Sumerians were the guys in modern day Kuwait who founded civilization. I'm guessing you meant the Scythians who I recall as being the main tribal group of the central Asian steppes from roughly this time period.
The weather has had at least 5 major temp changes in the last 4,000 years coinciding with the Bronze Age Collapse, the CRisis if the Third Century, the Medival Warming Period, the cooling in the 1300s and the mini ice age from 1600 to 1815. During the Dark Ages temperatures dropped 2 degrees C and the Middle East was more temperate than today coinciding with the rise of Islam.
I did not know that Cyprus was part of the Fertile Crescent.
Hey just wondering where you got the firm date of 2700 BC for construction of the pyramids
As far as I could tell but 2700 BC was around the beginning of the construction of the pyramids, but there were over a hundred constructed over the span of centuries.
Bro I didn't know the history was sooo wild 💀
Thats amazong
Why will your history book be better than all the other's?
We on episode 8 with this one
@37:30 this is exactly what Tariq ibn Khaldun thats about. Advanced socieities domesticating their own people to make them controllable but weakening themselves to outside pressure in the process.
As an Anti-Civ Anarchist, I am extremely angry at this period of history for happening
excited for this one
Early on pre5000 BC every 100 years or so barbarians would come out of the mountains and conquer the farmers. The barbarian dynasty would kast 3 or 4 generations until the rulers became soft and in turn were conquered. This continued until rulers built city walls and small kings arose.
The bronze age collapse is my favorite time period.
Also, the Sumerians were absolutely not the first civilizations. And there are languages before cuneiform. I don't understand why that continues to be taught as the beginning of the recordings of human civilization.
Didn't Gandhi say the eye for an eye quote?
Please make a video about settlement of American west
Just watch a Clint Eastwood movie
No thanks. I'm tired of it being mischaracterized by revisionists.
@@Scroll_LockI was hoping he would be someone that would mischaracterize it but you might be right
We need a video About egypt
I can give you a general view not history but poltical anthology. There's a common phrase in modern Eygpt says : ( All countries are built as states except for Eygpt its an army a states built around it )
Eygpt throughout all it history weather it were Pharaohs , mamluks , Mohammed Ali and modern Eygpt all were military dictatorships
So.. what is the value added of the other guy?
He monitors his favorite Gentile to insure hes behaving himself
Explaining Victorian society next pls?
So, I didn't read that far into the comments but it was actually, I believe, Mahatma Gandhi who said "an eye for an eye leaves the whole world blind"
Thanks, intresting vidéo
do ancient egypt
America is actively working to put foreigners in the ranks of the military. While I was on active duty, I saw many service members with other countries' flags on display. It was chilling.
What do you mean on display? They're allowing that on uniforms?
@@aaronthompson192 not on their uniforms, but on their cars in their personal spaces, etc.
Don't get me wrong, I have no problem with people celebrating their heritage, but I don't like when American soldiers display other flags and not our own.
Can you do Greece?
Genocide is a noun , not a verb.
You should read The Eggs Benedict Option by Raw Egg Nationalist for a better breakdown of the origins of civilization.
@46:00 omg do you actually know anything about Assyria's fall? Their army was in Egypt and they were sneak attacked by the Medes from the east who sacked Assur before their army could return, the spiritual heart of the empire, and thus broke its spell over the other nations, especially Babylon which joined forces with the Medes to take Nineveh the capital.
As a long time Mesopotamia fan I am keen
Can you guys make one explaining brazil ? Our history is diferrent from spanish america countrys ❤❤🇧🇷🇧🇷❤❤
It's not same kind of stuff different language
Why at the end does Rudyard go from 500 BC to the 13th century then to the 1990s and 2000s as if they isn’t 2000 more years to cover?
He said he's cutting 90% of things out.
He said those parts are boring, and I agree with him, because they didn't have control over their own destiny for the entire period spanning Cyrus' conquest and de-colonization. The islamic golden age and Mongols are more like things that _happened to_ them.
This is very important work
This channel is so much better than whatifalt hist