Modality, field theory, are either technically rigorous logic, a sub-set of science, or empirical statistical probability. •science is rigor ( or a system of obtaining rigorous results ( or a body of rigorously obtained knowledge ( justified belief sufficient to accept a particular fact or take a particular action ) ) ), or the culture that accretes around them •logic is a sub-set of science - relationships which always replicate •bonus: math is a sub-set of logic dealing exclusively with relationships of quantity ( when you can divide something into equivalent ( not equal ) parts)
There is only one possible world so all versions of modality are expressions of ignorance or certainty in relation to it. •Alethic - logical necessity based on shared understandings •Epistemic - probability based on ignorance, insufficient for certainty •Deontic - based on priorities, shared goals •Temporal - a sub-set of modality that only incidentally deals with change
The metaphysics of race is a meaningless idea bc race is not a primary attribute of anything in the universe, it's a socio-biological distinction much further up the complexity and ineffability ladder than metaphysics.
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Modality, field theory, are either technically rigorous logic, a sub-set of science, or empirical statistical probability.
•science is rigor ( or a system of obtaining rigorous results ( or a body of rigorously obtained knowledge ( justified belief sufficient to accept a particular fact or take a particular action ) ) ), or the culture that accretes around them
•logic is a sub-set of science - relationships which always replicate
•bonus: math is a sub-set of logic dealing exclusively with relationships of quantity ( when you can divide something into equivalent ( not equal ) parts)
There is only one possible world so all versions of modality are expressions of ignorance or certainty in relation to it.
•Alethic - logical necessity based on shared understandings
•Epistemic - probability based on ignorance, insufficient for certainty
•Deontic - based on priorities, shared goals
•Temporal - a sub-set of modality that only incidentally deals with change
The metaphysics of race is a meaningless idea bc race is not a primary attribute of anything in the universe, it's a socio-biological distinction much further up the complexity and ineffability ladder than metaphysics.