Zener Diode as Voltage regulator(Line voltage Regulation) using Proteus

The Proteus experiment starts at 5:18 minutes
1. In the forward-biased condition, a Zener diode behaves like a normal diode, allowing current to flow easily.
2. In the reverse-biased condition, it blocks current until the applied voltage reaches the Zener breakdown voltage. Beyond this voltage, the Zener diode allows current to flow while keeping the voltage across it constant.
• Voltage Regulation: A Zener diode maintains a fixed voltage (e.g., 5.1V) across the load, even if the input supply or load current varies.
• Current Adjustment: When the input voltage increases, the current through the Zener diode increases, and the series resistor absorbs the excess voltage. If the input voltage decreases, the current through the Zener diode reduces, but the voltage across it remains stable.
• Series Resistor: Limits the current to prevent the diode from overheating.
• Zener Diode: Chosen with a breakdown voltage (VZ) equal to the desired load voltage (VL).