The Largest Planetary System that Could Exist
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- Опубликовано: 17 июл 2024
- How big do you think our solar system is? Up until Pluto? A bit beyond? How big can other solar systems get? Astrum answers!
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Image Credits:
NASA/ESO/Space Engine
Music Credits:
Stellardrone - Eternity
Mark LaFountain - Obscured
Special thanks to Lara Reading for helping me with the science behind this video!
Astrum hi I’m 59 seconds in the future
Since the heliosphere is mentioned in the video, can you tell us its largest possible size (relative to our sun)?
Too bad no one helped you with the Metric system...
Enough quoting distances in miles already. Get with the SI units and leave that nonsense alone.
There is only one Solar System, it is the planetary sytem that orbits Sol.
What the Hell other Solar Systems are you talking about?
That's like pointing at a whale and saying that's how big humans can get.
A planetary system or star system other than that orbiting Sol IS NOT a Solar System any more than a whale is a big human.
Learn English and THEN AFTER LEARNING competently express in English.
You make the whole species stupider by authoritatively being wrong.
@@bragginrites8586 Look Up General Relativity.
Shut up about Newtonian Gravity, it is an illusion debunked by Einstein who replaced it with General Relativity.
Your question makes no sense because Gravity does not exist, because Einstein debunked it a century ago.
The incomprensible scale and distance is as haunting as it is fascinating
Astrum has a video where he depicts the Sun as a grain of sand and then proceeds to drive to the nearest star, which- on the same scale, is 30 km away.
Lmao I shouldn't be surprised to see my fave here but I am!
Well said - CheerZ!
Also the fact that we are currently chilling inside this insanity...
Not really, because as it's incomprensible far away, then it's not haunting.
I didn’t realise that gravity had a near infinite reach. In a universe with only two bodies they would still be in orbit no matter how far they were from one another. Fascinating
@Ant Man What is amazing is Gravity is the "weakest" force in the universe. Longest reach however least magnitude. Pretty mind blowing!
Why? It is also part of Fabric of space-time pulling as a representative as "gravity".
So this theory is the answer!
Yeah there's no such thing as "zero* gravity. Everything in the universe effects each other in some way.
I mean I understood that when I was 5. It's a fairly basic concept...
They may affect each other gravitationally, but if they’re far enough apart for dark energy to come into play, they couldn’t be considered in any sort of orbit I don’t think. Things far enough apart can be causally unlinked by the expansion of the universe.
As a happy, single introvert, I watch an extremely large content of science videos. I think the quality of your graphics/illustrations and information is comparable to National Geographic and PBS Nature. That's why your videos are such a treat for us science enthusiasts. 😃
I wholeheartedly agree. I was just now, by the start of the video, thinking about how the work done on this channel has great educational qualities, and that it emanates passion and incites curiosity very well on us viewers. That's the best thing a scientific divulgation channel can offer in my opinion.
I'm married, and my wife had no idea that Venus was a twin of Earth, or that Jupiter has clouds and moons. She was in awe that everyone's dawns and sunsets could turn the Moon red.
Check out sea chanell
I Dont Like To Watch. I Like To Read
@@romanempire1405 cool, but who asked?
The Oort Cloud is a fascinating region.
I've never heard it refered to in that way before.
If you tell the right stories about it , it can be fascinating
There could be dozens of planets in that space of comparable mass to Mars or even Earth plus potentially hundreds more like Pluto or Eris. We just have no way of knowing till we can actually observe there but even assuming a lower end projection of 4 earth masses worth of matter being out there, that's more than enough for quite a few planetary scale bodies.
Agreed, Kamal!
"i" always thought it's called the "oppik" oort cloud.
I just hope we someday make it out there.
I want to at least visit mars one day
Maybe 1000 years from now
I hope to party on Pluto or at very least, dance in space
we'll prolly be extinct b4 that
As much as I'd like to be an optimist... yeah, you're probably right.
I just want to thank this channel for creating amazing content and for making it available on RUclips. I don't think that gets said enough and many of us take for granted that it's freely available on this platform.
I think one of the reasons I love Astronomy and Cosmology so much is because it makes some of the small petty and annoying things I deal with on a daily basis feel that much smaller, and even bigger problems feel insignificant against the backdrop of the unfathomable size and scale of the universe we live in. It makes it easier to put away all those unreasonable fears and worries at night and fall asleep, reset and come at the world with a better outlook the next morning. That’s probably why I watch videos like this every night. David Butler is one of my favorites.
That image at 6:09... I understand it completely, but it's fascinating. Can you delve into that in a complete episode?
It reminds of the view of packed cells in biological tissues like skin for example :D
@@lightspeed9762 thought exactly the same
What do the glowing bits mean?
@@Derek_Gunn i think there is multiple hill-spheres on top of each other so the object would be under the influence of multiple hill spheres
Derek Gunn Yes, Overlapping Hill Spheres
Thanks for pointing out how the limit of gravitational pull is called a “hill sphere”.
Very informative video! Nicely done!
Cuz this channel rocks it's professionally done with heart
So star systems vary in size quite a bit, our universe in general is just filled with so many fascinating things it's unreal
Thank you. In all my years I've never heard of the "hill sphere"!
Maybe you've heard of the other term used for Hill Sphere, the Roche Sphere (and this is not related in any way to the Roche limit or Roche Lobe, which are different things altogether?
Same here. I see it as a Voronoi polygon, but in 3D :-)
It can be also called the Sphere of Influence!
I do believe the term the poster is using is the heliosphere. I could be wrong though.
@@thomassosby9068 no, thats completely different.
I always feel sorry for pioneer 10 and 11 they're leaving the solar system too, and New horizons,but no body ever mentions the poor old pioneers.
Pioneer 10 sent its last signal to Earth in January 2003, Pioneer 11's last transmission was received on September 30, 1995, New Horizons is still in the Kuiper Belt.
I mean, no one mentioned like 90% of the other astronauts that went to the moon other than neil armstrong and buzz aldrin, because being the first to do something extraordinarily hard is a lot cooler than doing it later
... I miss them the most... maybe in the far future with a far out tech we'll recuperate them as monuments of freedom and adventure...
@@ximalpopoca735 - Maybe. But they're hurtling away from us at 35,000 mph, so the sooner the better really. Hell of a trip for a museum piece though.
@@ximalpopoca735 stellaris player?
How do multi-star systems compare in size?
Was hoping for that to come up aswell
I was thinking of doing a seperate video on that :)
Their combined mass is obviously going to be bigger than other solar systems with less singular/combined mass. Next.
@@astrumspace *separate 🧐👓🎓 Best check oneself before one wrecks oneself 🦉 YW
@@Sashil01
Best stop oneself, before
ones rap, embarrasses
oneself. 🤔🤦🏾♂️🤷🏾
Stellardrone's Eternity makes my soul melt every time I hear it! Amazing choice of soundtrack for a great video.
The existence of the oort cloud makes me feel pretty special being so close to our star.
Fascinating. We have discovered some objects, such as Sedna, with elongated orbits that takes them very far away from the sun. Not nearly as far away as one light year though.
I've been on a space video binge and you're definitely one of my main choices for content like this. It's so educational!
Another amazing video! The way you always explain and "show" things is awesome.
How did you find these graphics? Did you also create some of them?
Wishing you all abundance of love and knowledge. Remember, where you go, wherever you are, always know! someone you don't know is wishing you the best.
Thank you for such a lovely comment during this time. Best wishes of health and happiness to you as well.
Escape velocity: the pressure of one photon.
photons don't have mass, so cannot inert pressure.
@@sunnyjim1355 because photons carry energy, they also follow the law of conservation of momentum. So since photons have momentum, it can totally have radiation pressure. This is how light sails work
Escape velocity on earth is too much for photons to provide energy for. Unless you have death Star type lasers I suppose. Think about how much a mirror would recoil of you pointed a flash light at it. It's so small it wouldn't amount to anything
Statement intrigues as reasonable equivocation. The minimum escape velocity of the smallest and most common gauge particle depends on the minimum or threshold of radiative pressure this single photon can exert. Since photons have zero rest mass then the minimum amount of force required depends on the threshold of kinetic energy. If the photon does not meet this kinetic energy minimum then it cannot escape a given gravity well. ........ Take the interior of our solar system's star, Sol for example. It is famously noted that photons from the interior cannot exit the surface for centuries, but what if a photon had a high enough momentum to escape the radiative pressure surrounding it as well as the gravitational well and nuclear convection pressure [magnetic flux etc] . If the velocity vector pointed up this high energy photon might escape the Sun in a single instant!
@@sunnyjim1355 energy has a mass equivalent.
Watched a couple of your videos, recently, and really like them quite a bit -- thanks! One particularity that I value especially is the way you respect the remaining uncertainty in all our astronomical "knowledge". While day after day we learn more, and it's indeed very fascinating, much of what often is reported as "knowledge" in fact is no more than the best available guess (best with respect to so far gathered evidence). This is, of course, not to discredit the amazing work of modern astronomy, which truly is amazing, but just to appreciate the remaining uncertainty. Thank you for wording your videos carefully in this regard -- I really think that this makes them better than many others (that, explicitly or implicitly, claim unwarranted certainty regarding the reported "facts").
6:10 coolest picture - solar systems' Hill spheres
An "effectively" infinite distance between two bodies should be possible due to cosmological expansion, right? The strength of the gravitational force would weaken and approach zero kind of like how light waves redshift as the object approaches the cosmological horizon. So the 'orbit' would look more like a hyperbola approaching a straight line?
Only in an expanding universe. For the universe to be expanding, we think there would also need to be dark energy. It's really a hypothetical example anyway :)
@@astrumspace True, but the math to include the expansion would be quite simple:
If we assume the expansion of the universe is 70km/Mpc everywhere, our sun's influence would end where the accelerations of gravity in free fall and acceleration from the expansion cancel out.
That happens at only about 800Lj in an otherwise emty environment. (an ejected star from a galaxy for example)
r=sqrt(m*G/H) from G*m/r^2=H with G as gravitaion konstant, m the solar mass, r the distance and H the Hubble constant, if I didn't make a mistake here.
Also, if the universe contracts and expands semi-chaotically then a reasonable guess at the largest solar system to ever be in existence might depend on a fractal calculus that would determine a probable maximal distance between bodies. Interestingly, an "orbit" might exist in terms of fractions of a second and be felt as a murmur across the expanse of the cosmos by the orbiting body.
Your videos are getting better all the time! I learn with each one. Thank You
Wow, I've been watching suggestive and informative videos about cosmology and astrophisycs for years now, and only now I find you in the suggestions, for some reason. Thankfully! This video is a small masterpiece.
Another of your amazing videos - Thanks for sharing this Alex.
Not sure about the billion light-year solar system. Is this including how the universe's expansion can overcome gravity?
That background music that starts at around 0:55, is Eternity by Stellardrone!!! Gosh, I love that track!
Your description of the solar system is as fascinating as the universe itself! I realised that I have read and heard more about galaxies and galactic clusters and black holes than about the solar system beyond Pluto. Very instructive video. 👌
Your videos are getting better and better...congrats!!! :0*
Me: "Wow, that's a long way".
Infinity: "Hold my beer."
"Hold my figure eight.... sideways."
@@libertyprime69 NPC Rich Smith: report back to Maintenance Division for recalibration. Immediately.
meme: tired
everyone: jaded
Another mind bending, humbling, and enlightening experience Astrum. Your videos are as informative as they are thrilling. I salute your work and nominate you for the narrator of the next Cosmos series.
Well said!
This has to be my favourite video from you. Thank you
Just happened to find this jem in my feed. I think the mind blowing beauty in this video compliments the mind blowing beauty of the universe as we know it. Great work.!
Live Forever and Prosper, Astrum.
In the last example, if the universe is expanding, would there be a point where the expansion of the universe itself overcomes the pull of gravity?
Yes. This is the current working theory behind the heat death of the universe. Entropy will increase to 100 percent and no energy will be generated any longer.
Technically, the definition of the hill sphere isn't affected by the expansion of the universe. However, at distances beyond thousands of light years, the definition of the hill sphere has little effective meaning for multiple reasons, such as orbit times exceeding the age of the universe, which is coupled with its expansion.
@@adm0iii at parts of the universe, the rate of expansion has already reached velocities that make it, theoretically, physically impossible to catch up to those expanding parts.
depends of the mass for galaxies its millions light years to billion light years
Absolutely love your videos Astrum keep up the good work
Just crazy interesting! Keep up the good work and great videos👌
I love this Channel... keep up the good work... keep bringing great content.. I love these kinda stuffs
This is a really cool perspective. So basically achieving escape velocity from one body just means that you are then simply under the gravitation pull of another. Trading one master for another.
Im excited to have learned something new; very good video thank you! Keep it up my dude
Video is perfectly compiled and contains lots of exciting scientific things. And this fantastic music, that pulling thoughts out of Earth to stars perfectly fits space subject... Bravo Alex ! Amazing work !
I see an Astrum notification, I click.
I'd say a good measurement would be the furthest object that is spherical, orbits the sun stabally, has gravity and originated from our sun
Your videos are just great. Excellent narration, graphics, subject material, it’s all good bro.
I just discovered your channel. Love this content!
the mind boggles not at the beauty of our universe, but at the inanity of yt comments
...and it's the same on almost every video. Some people must have been born just to be stupid on RUclips.
Whoever does your art/animation is really talented.
love your videos dude... keep em coming!
This channel places so much in perspective…Eg the vastness of our solar system. And the vastness of our universe!
8:07 fascinating to think you can. Never escape the gravity of someyhimg even if it’s on the opposite end of the universe
That is technically true. While the effect will become too small to notice at one point and usually even more quickly be outdone by other gravitational influences, there is no point at which the gravitational field of any object is zero. (The reason in formula is that the gravitational force between two masses is calculated by multiplying the gravitational constant with the product of the two masses involved, divided by their distance and you can never get a value of zero by dividing.)
@@creativedesignation7880 Yeah, but space is expanding, so you only need to place the two objects far enough apart that the expansion of space counteracts the attraction of gravity
@@PouncingAnt but before the distance is too far any little movement even a dust touches it the velocity allow it to escape it
if that was the sun gravity 1,000 light years without other objects besides the orbiting it and the expansion of the universe
then the orbital velocity is only 3.7 meters per second
and the escape velocity is 5.8 meters per second
so if you run or push it or throw it if its small at almost 2 or more meters per second then it escaped the sun gravity
and you could almost escape it by jumping 1.5 meters per second.
Imagine if we humans could feel the speed that we're really moving at on this ball of rock. 🌎💨💨💨
Careful of what you wish. We can only feel speed when we come into contact with objects that move through space in different speed than ours. Earth goes 110 000 km/h around the sun. I personally would rather hope I never come anywhere close to anything that is going on this order of speed but in different direction than me.
@@sk-sm9sh careful mixing up imagining something with wishing for it.
You can't feel the speed if your speed is constant
@@shadezman the keyword in his comment was imagine. You’re welcome❤️
@@shadezman you're confusing feel of acceleartion to feel of speed. We feel speed by either seeing objects fly past us or by feeling the wind blown in our face. For example a convertible goes on highway, in constant speed, would you say that you don't feel the speed?
Stellardrone seems to be frequented for these sorts of videos. Love stellardrone❤️
Before people say space is empty but now after learning from some RUclips videos, space is becoming mighty exciting to me. Thanks for the videos.
Please change the background music on your next video. I always almost fall asleep while I'm watching it.🙈😂
Great Video though!
You need more sleep then.☺
@@DR-mp4gv I prefer watching Astrum;)
What sets Astrum apart is his calm videos (in my opinion). It’s almost like ASMR ... so I watch his videos when I am about to go sleeping :) Helps a lot!
@@eduardjsx Great Idea! Makes absolutely sense.:)
But in a way, for Astrum it's quite contrproductive, because it prevents me from watching more of his videos because i fall asleep.;)
8:10 the expansion of the universe could come into play there, though.
Good point! It would have been nice to have an idea of the radius at which the expansion of the universe counteracts gravity for a given set of masses
yes, that's true. so expansion is actually not a probelm. 🙄
What kind-blowing distances! Fascinating! Thank you for another awesome video.
Excellent job Astrum. Great info as usual.
Proxima Centauri: Am I a joke to you?
(Taking an alternate interpretation here) Proxima Cen's orbit is really small. Its only around 8500 AU in its SMA. Its also dwarfed by those stupid systems like Fomahault, where Fomahault C is 2.5 light-years away and orbits perfectly fine.
Voyager 1 & 2 will just keep going on and on. I wonder if in the future it would be possible to catch up to them .
Also Stella winds blow me away. I never heard of them. Man my teachers were stupid.
I think if we wouldnt be able to catch up to them in humanities life time, we will never be able to reach anything outside our solar system, which would be a pretty depressive thought, because just by definition, the speed of the voyagers, probably wouldn't reach anything outside the solar system in humanities life time.
@@omnianima4540 not even the inner oort cloud
it takes likes a hundred thousand years for both voyager to escape the sun gravity
Fantastic video. You have given me much to think about. Thank you!
Alex, this is by far one of your best yet. 👏👏👏👏👏👏
Brady Haran is going to be unhappy to learn that the Voyager spacecrafts still haven’t left the solar system.
Excellent!!! Thank you.
Just subscribed, great stuff👍😎
Make no mistake there's an incredible value in all your videos. Thank you.
Love this channel! Beautifully executed every time! Who would be 3 dodo birds that game this video a thumbs down???? Wow!
2:15 imagine if we had launched the voyager in the opposite direction, we would have never left the heliopause yet and not even in 100 years lol
That's not exactly how it works 😂😂
Are you planning on doing a curiosity episode? Your videos are really informative and cool :)
Awesome video yet again! Any chance you’ll do the “Parker Solar Probe mission” next?
I always wondered how objects so far away from the Sun could still be suject to its gravity, but once you understand that there's no such thing as a "maximum distance" past which gravity stops to operate, it becomes a bit more clear… basically, the biggest fish around always wins?
Weeeelll...this detail of the video is technically wrong. Or at best, misleading. In a static universe, its true that gravity is infinite, but our universe isnt static; its expanding. Gravity waves, and thus the effect of gravity, move at the speed of light. That means parts of the universe moving away from us faster than light due to space expanding dont exert gravity on us. Everything outside of the observable universe is outside of our gravity, so the border of gravity is the observable universe. Basically, if you cant theoretically see it, your gravity doesnt affect it. Interestingly, this also means that the gravity of an object doesnt affect us instantly, only when its light reaches us. So Earth is being pulled via gravity not to where the Sun is right now, but to the point in space it was 8 minutes ago.
@@Daedhart I can see why you think it was misleading, but in the infinity example, I did specify that only those two objects existed in this hypothetical universe. That means everything that could power its expansion also doesn't exist in this example. I was just trying to keep it simple.
@@astrumspace I totally understand. Very impressed you responded and love your videos! Keep it up!
This was an intriguing topic to learn about. Thank you!
Fascinating video friend! Just shows how large the Universe is
Fantastic mind blowing info.Thanks for sharing in such an accessable manner
Great epsiode!
Playing Stellardrone for this. Perfect👍
Nice vid bro!! Nice graphics on the solar system 💯💯🙌🏿🙌🏿
I have seen all of your videos and I always eagerly wait for your videos. They are always interesting and very will covered with different topics.
In a universe with one star and one orbiting object. The object would not need to be "infinitely" far away to escape, it would only need to achieve a distance that would put over the "cosmic horizon" assuming this made up universe is expanding like our own.
Gravity could still be acting at that distance. But gravity acts at the speed of light, so would it be more appropriate to say that objects which are moving away from each other at light speed, even if they are still receiving past light and gravity from each other, are no longer gravitational bound, since they are in essence on an escape trajectory?
Without anything else in that universe would there be any dark energy to push space apart? They would probably always be bound to each other.
Very true, the only thing faster than the speed of light is the expansion if the universe.
8:00 only escape is infinite distance? An escape velocity doesn't exist in a 2 bodied universe? I would think an escape velocity could be calculated that is less than the speed of light, certainly less than infinite speed.
Unless even at V=infinity-1, at distance = infinity-1 for 2 hydrogen atoms, means that eventually (time=infinity-1) the bodies regroup. [Massive time = massive cumulative effect of gravity causing perpetual deceleration and reversal]
Perhaps. Food for thought.
@@jacobcastro1885 I think it would be determined by the rate of expansion of our two body universe. In the video he doesn't mention an expansion rate for the example solar system. However in the universe we live in we do have a rate of expansion that creates a "cosmic horizon". That horizon can be reached given enough distance or time between two objects that will cause them to become "causally disconnected" and after that they cannot rejoin each other ever again.
But you are correct in your assertion if the example universe is static.
*Good♥️Explana†ion.*
You're the best astronomy educator we have today!
Thank you for another great video! You’ve yet to do anything less than super-impressive!
So it will take Voyager 100k years to pass Oort cloud, but it would take only 10 years for a space probe to pass Oort cloud if it was powered on atom bombs.
Our oort cloud must overlap Alpha Centauri's then.
I believe that's the general assumption right now. It would also be a reason how objects get knocked from the oort cloud to head towards the inner solar system.
It took RUclips sometime to show me this channel but better late than never. Love it
More Stellardrone. Love it.
Hill Sphere: not a hill, nor a sphere.
A solar system could technically be an entire galaxy or group of Galaxy's.
Our sun is orbiting Sagittarius A Star, as is the entire galaxy, and I'd wager that the barycenter of the galaxy lies within the event horizon of Sagittarius A.
I'm pretty sure Sagittarius A is a supermassive black hole, not a star
@@Jafflefields the name of the black hole is Sagittarius A*, with the * pronounced as "star."
The barycenter of our solar system isn’t even inside of the Sun, mostly because of big-ass Jupiter. Maybe one day we can measure the barycenter of the galaxy?
@@Deeplycloseted435 lol
@@Jafflefields Black holes are stars
Seriously love your videos ❤️
Thanks for this astonishingly fascinating video!
Alex, I've read that the new Moon (when it's directly between the Earth and the Sun) is pulled by the Sun with more force, than it's pulled by the Earth. Could you please prepare a video on this Earth/Moon/Sun dynamics?
I don't think that's quite true, that would place the moon beyond LaGrange point 1, at least when accounting for orbital mechanics. Both the earth and moon are under considerable gravitational force by the sun, and though the moon orbits the earth, it can also be said that it orbits the sun with earth. Regardless, each time the moon is between the earth and sun is balanced by each time it is opposite to both the earth and sun.
That's not true. Earth's gravity is multitudes higher than of sun in at that distance
This video makes me wonder how humanity is ever supposed to be able to escape the solar system 😔
It's not supposed to.
Were working on it tho pal patience will prevail nd we will be exploring and ezploiting our vast abundance of feasibly attainable resources minerals and everything we may need for colonization of all bodies within our vicinity and beyond.
Warp drives
half the speed of light its 2 years
at near light speed its 1.01 years
and thats without time dilation
if warp drives exist and are possible
then 2 times than c is 0.5 years
and 299,792,458 times the speed of c is 0.1 seconds
I am compelled to thank you for creating these fascinating videos with such a high degree of quality. Astronomy was what I wanted to do as a youth, but I was steered into another direction by my late father. Though I could calculate the orbits of all the celestial bodies within the solar system at an early age, that's not my career now. These videos allow me to reconnect to some degree with the passion of my youth. So..AGAIN...Thank you..
Outstanding ...i was floating through solar system while watching it ))
V-GER: I have come back from deep space and bring you news
EARTHLINGS" How took you so long
I laughed at your joke kirby unit
if there's one thing i like about humanity it would be the ability to do science. Nice video
Fascinating video, I learned a lot.
You should really be proud of the quality content you put out!