Tutorial: Doping

MIT 2.627 Fundamentals of Photovoltaics, Fall 2011
View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu/2-6...
Instructor: Joe Sullivan
Pure silicon has very low conductivity. This tutorial explains how "doping," the addition of very small amounts of elements like P and B to the Si material, create mobile charges that dramatically boost the material's conductivity.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at ocw.mit.edu

[@hadireg]

Awesomely explained! Ppl tend to say things were better before, but I can't tell you how grateful I am to this era where we can learn a language and be able to have an MIT guy explaining things to us at the cost of an internet connection. so thank you so much guys sharing this with the world! You're the best!!!

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@ricardo.mazeto]

The best explanation I've seen so far. Thanks MIT.

[@HansLiu23]

Very good description, thanks for uploading. Students nowadays are lucky that there are videos like this on the internet. It really helps with visualizing what a semiconductor is.

[@mdyeasinarfat]

Just wow. Now the concept is crystal clear.

[@karinachavez4526]

I love it! I've read so much about h+ holes, but never understood them until those few seconds of animation

[@addis11100]

Me too I don.t understand about holes even so I read a lot about that.

[@Alien_hunter.]

Oh i also 😍

[@MikkoHaavisto1]

These tutorial videos are very well made. Keep up the good work!

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@Denis-np3mn]

Simple and illustrative. Drawings and animations help a lot. It helped me.

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@Staticshock-rd8lv]

It looks like his boss is actively watching to decide whether if he can continue teaching the course or not

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@inkbythebarrelandpaperbyth6905]

MIT, we need a list of college texts to purchase! Love this channel❤

[@ZuoCruz]

Dope

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@JR-mr1tw]

awesome video thanks for making this available

[@srustikanhar5675]

Thank you very much this is so clear that how we can make intrinsic sillicon as p type and n type

[@CasualSandre]

Chemistry is awesome. Some might say, *illuminating* ;)

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

ruclips.net/video/IxxBOytd5Kw/видео.html

[@nirmalyadharchowdhury2624]

Thanks sir for explaining doping so clearly ♥️

[@Heallun]

This is amazing. Love this.

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@hanseulkim6855]

Really, good tutorial videos for learning about doping. thank you so much for your kindness!!

[@samihafez3191]

wish i payed more attention in chemistry when learning about the period table.

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@shakerali1450]

Good explanation, thank you

[@jihacute]

this really helps a lot

[@MrMraza123]

Very well explained. Thank you

[@freemind108]

Clear, Concise and Effectively Doped for Understanding.

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@mateen_sindi]

Pretty good explanation, thanks

[@ouwageil]

Great Video!

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@Zainabz005]

thank you ❤️

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@schmidtzcargolbull]

Fantastic.

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@djadililia7270]

thank u soo much u made alot of things clear now

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@IconoclastX]

this was so incredibly helpful. I just wasn't understanding transistors at first

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@jeffcampsall5435]

They keep referring to "doping a semiconductor" when, in fact, you are doping an insulator (silicon) to have the potential to become conductive. You are doping to MAKE a semiconductor: not doping a semiconductor.

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

ruclips.net/video/IxxBOytd5Kw/видео.html

[@adibferdous826]

This video is simplified, in near absolute 0 temperatures, semiconductors work as insulator. But in room temperature, tjey gain enough heat from the environment to conduct a few electrons as those electron get over the forbidden band to conduction band in valance shell. So, they are semiconductor even in intrinsic state as well. Just really really weak ones

[@Vaishnika0810]

what happened to silicon atom upon doping with other atom? is it removed ??

[@pgbff]

I'am not getting it, as a result of the excess of an electron a positive density then its kinda created?

[@kaninepete]

These are really cool, but it's hard to tell what order to watch them in.
Is it texturing, doping, Photoconductivity, texturing?

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

ruclips.net/video/IxxBOytd5Kw/видео.html

[@ngthanhhai]

Hi everyone,
how much yellow phosphorus is needed for 1-inch square silicon wafer ? Thanks a lot

[@andrejrockshox]

is doping done by mixing molten elements (alloying)?

[@beratosun]

thx body it was helpful

[@forhadahmed4643]

but question remains .......here valance electron and covalent electron are in two different level and as we can guess only valance electron can conduct electric current only but how about covalent bond as it is stable and in a inert state. In covalent bond there would be atmost a hole either by doping or by ejecting electron due to incoming energy as light and heat from outside. The hole in covalent gives a electron in valance band and it is in both p type and n type material. The hole must be in covalent bond only and electron helping the current only in valance bond onl🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔

[@zymkeyhan1456]

thanks

[@vadimuha]

What if you put atom with 2 more valence electrons than in silicon

[@zinmar3207]

Thanks you

[@ariharan84]

Really nice video...
Since, higher the number of free electron--> Higher the conductivity...
Is this applicable for doping with di-valent or hexa-valent atoms???

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

ruclips.net/video/IxxBOytd5Kw/видео.html

[@bhargavmehta3704]

Where did that silicon go. With 4 electrons ?????????????

[@daydreaminginventor-k8957]

How do you dope a silicon material Exactly ?
mix and melt ?

[@ashensaranguhewa]

Thanks!

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

ruclips.net/video/IxxBOytd5Kw/видео.html

[@MetatronMera]

Thx a lot

[@quantumme9938]

Why does electron bond with electron in the first place? Shouldn't they repel each other by the nature of their identical charges??

[@coincrazy3563]

Their outer shells bond.
Electrons in outer shells have higher average energy and travel farther from the nucleus than those in inner shells. This makes them more important in determining how the atom reacts chemically and behaves as a conductor, because the pull of the atom's nucleus upon them is weaker and more easily broken

[@coincrazy3563]

Chemical bonds are the forces of attraction that tie atoms together. Bonds are formed when valence electrons, the electrons in the outermost electronic “shell” of an atom, interact. ... Atoms with equal or similar electronegativity form covalent bonds, in which the valence electron density is shared between the two atoms.
Think of the outer shell as an elemental vulnerability we have learned to hijack.

[@mouldykev]

Hi can you tell me how you applied the doping to the silicon.
So how did you synthesise.
Regards.

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@imajeyelectrical581]

hello, i have question "why n layer is heavily doped and p layer is lightly doped in solar cell?"

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@sheokandsheokand539]

Due to draw structure I understand that but due to your fast English speaking I could not understand in the better way. .

[@Wolf-yp2qk]

Odd, you would assume that since electrons are negatively charged then the phosphorus would be considered as negatively charged, and the boron positively, due to the amount of valance electrons shown. Jeez, i feel like when i watch these videos i get more questions than answers.

[@solewalk]

phosphorus is initially neutral with same number of protons and electrons. When it loses one of its valence electron, it becomes positively charged because now it has one less electron than before. initally, proton # = electron #. after one electron drifts away, proton # > electron #. (here # means count.)

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@syakirinismail7521]

i really need some explanations regarding oxygen vacancies

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@addis11100]

is this how athletsdope?

[@PhilJonesIII]

The doping of athletes is usually met with much more resistance.

[@sonsoftheconfederacy2940]

@@PhilJonesIII How much resistance really depends on the conduction of the authorities.

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@addis11100]

@@Muhammadislahmedia what the fuck

[@MrGerry111]

anyone learning VLSI here?

[@vishnuvardhan5605]

Yeah can you share the resources

[@alexlu2]

Chemystery. @bhattacharyya atrijo

[@Muhammadislahmedia]

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[@Rustywharf]

Gear 2

[@XinSanders]

英语太差了，听不懂

[@tormentor2285]

kül

[@hilmiakgunlu1036]

28. Comment

[@Agntjpa]

Bad explanation....Kids explanation