How To Avoid Big Serverless Bills

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  • Опубликовано: 23 ноя 2024

Комментарии • 253

  • @WebDevCody
    @WebDevCody 16 дней назад +343

    Either Theo or payload’s marketing team needs a raise. The most low effort sponsored segment which will probably generate the highest respect.

    • @samsupplee-niederman1752
      @samsupplee-niederman1752 16 дней назад +12

      Yup. I don’t think I’ve ever gone back in a video to catch a sponsorship spot before, but here we are. Props to the whoever put that together, and tbh I have been thoroughly enjoying non-channel-sponsored Theo

    • @danielgra
      @danielgra 16 дней назад +3

      Also think this was super refreshing and not the standard Blabla ad

    • @oemeraran8183
      @oemeraran8183 14 дней назад +2

      Where is the ad? I watched the video very quickly but cant seem to find it? I am using payload already and it is such a great dev experience. I love it.

    • @Showmatic
      @Showmatic 14 дней назад

      @@oemeraran8183 0:53 It's a non-ad ad, lol

    • @saad6948
      @saad6948 11 дней назад

      I fr for the first time actually paused a video, and went to checkout the sponsor. Lucky enough, I may be landing a project where I have to build a CMS. This would make my job so much easier.

  • @MobyLity-app
    @MobyLity-app 16 дней назад +102

    THIS is the type of content where Theo truly shines

  • @PrajwalDSouza
    @PrajwalDSouza 16 дней назад +243

    Good ad sponsor on this video.

    • @payloadcms
      @payloadcms 16 дней назад +48

      Thanks. We put a lot of effort into this ad.

    • @franklemanschik_de
      @franklemanschik_de 16 дней назад

      Best about Uploadthing IS the Cross Site Hacking because of the Uploadthing Origin for assets in the own Page good Job.🎉🎉🎉🎉 Love it

    • @saiteguo9780
      @saiteguo9780 16 дней назад +4

      Actually really great idea to cut down ad time, felt I had to check this out in 5 seconds

    • @francescoamici8267
      @francescoamici8267 16 дней назад +3

      i love payload ❤

    • @payloadcms
      @payloadcms 16 дней назад

      @@francescoamici8267 🖤

  • @Чумак-щ8и
    @Чумак-щ8и 16 дней назад +44

    As a junior web dev, thank you very much for this types of videos. Your video about 'use client' saved me from leaked credentials and this video helped to highlight some problems that I didn`t even know existed.

    • @Metiniaris
      @Metiniaris 12 дней назад

      What is the title of the video about the 'use client'?

    • @stills2359
      @stills2359 8 дней назад

      what is the use client video called?

    • @Чумак-щ8и
      @Чумак-щ8и 8 дней назад

      ​@@stills2359 Sorry I don`t remember and I cant find this video.

    • @Чумак-щ8и
      @Чумак-щ8и 8 дней назад

      @@Metiniaris Sorry I don`t remember and I cant find this video.

  • @ayoub.k
    @ayoub.k 16 дней назад +40

    That payload ad was so good, I actually checked them out and I will use them i the future.

    • @daguttt
      @daguttt 12 дней назад

      So will I

  • @lukor-tech
    @lukor-tech 16 дней назад +43

    Finally no drama, just pure tips & trics stuff. Thanks!

  • @francescoamici8267
    @francescoamici8267 16 дней назад +39

    Payload is so good that even if it doesn’t need to be sponsored, It payed the AD to save our time from being waisted ❤

  • @tedchirvasiu
    @tedchirvasiu 16 дней назад +162

    based sponsor

    • @payloadcms
      @payloadcms 16 дней назад +5

      🍻

    • @JoshMutia
      @JoshMutia 10 дней назад

      payload and its community is such a gem in the cms space. criminally underrated

  • @judgejbrown
    @judgejbrown 16 дней назад +115

    Shout out to payload!

    • @payloadcms
      @payloadcms 16 дней назад +7

      Thanks for the 🖤.

    • @Kane0123
      @Kane0123 16 дней назад +1

      What % if revenue generated using Payload needs to be paid to the Payload Foundation ;)

    • @payloadcms
      @payloadcms 16 дней назад +1

      @@Kane0123 too soon.

  • @chad_giga6934
    @chad_giga6934 16 дней назад +65

    payload is goated, I just need the docs to be clearer on how to connect payload cloud storage to things like cloudinary

    • @JamesMikrut
      @JamesMikrut 16 дней назад +17

      thank you! somebody actually just opened a PR for Cloudinary + Payload! gonna review it and merge it ASAP

    • @chad_giga6934
      @chad_giga6934 16 дней назад +5

      @@JamesMikrut thanks James, you’ve built a wonderful product.

  • @edwardallenthree
    @edwardallenthree 16 дней назад +12

    Implementing a memcached wrapper around SQL servers when writing perl programs was something I did, something we all did, over two decades ago. Nice to see the future finally showing up for serverless.

  • @kirur132
    @kirur132 16 дней назад +3

    This video is very helpful for me as a junior dev, in my past projects i did almost every mistake you've shown
    Thank you Theo

  • @jsxica3751
    @jsxica3751 16 дней назад +14

    this lowered my vercel anxiety fr thank you

  • @mikeeomega
    @mikeeomega 16 дней назад +44

    Yep, Vercel/Netlify are not intentionally evil and hyper expensive... a lot of people on Twitter have some skill issues.

    • @Theprouteu
      @Theprouteu 16 дней назад +7

      Yes but when you have to go so deep on the knowledges you need to have about a platform/framework to avoid having a gigantic bill then there's something's wrong anyway. Or then it's a product built only for top tiers developers who can deep dive into the framework.

    • @paca3107
      @paca3107 16 дней назад +13

      skill issue is deploying on vercel instead on your vps, so people on twitter have double skill issue xD

    • @mikeeomega
      @mikeeomega 16 дней назад

      ​@@Theprouteu Using a managed solution has a learning curve, but is not that complicated if you read the docs, and if you already know about servers, image optimization, lambda functions or how CDNs work, and you get that knowledge within a couple of years in active web development.

    • @mikeeomega
      @mikeeomega 16 дней назад

      ​@@paca3107 It's a choice... experimented developers who know how to spin off a Linux server, also use platforms like Vercel for the convenience, because it is an actual benefit of these platforms.
      But yeah some, inexperienced or irresponsible developers come to these platforms like they know everything in the world, many of them don't even read the docs, they took things for granted and they good a reality check when they receive a big bill due to its irresponsibility, lack of experience or lack of research about how the platform works and how the platforms charges for compute, or other stuff.

    • @buildwithharshit
      @buildwithharshit 16 дней назад

      @@paca3107 this!

  • @vincentpena7017
    @vincentpena7017 16 дней назад +2

    This is what we need. More of this Theo like optimizations, DIY etc! Awesome job!

  • @jollyJedi
    @jollyJedi 16 дней назад +5

    Payload is gonna take next js by storm when it’s out of beta and gets some cleaned up docs, etc. it is seriously amazing.

  • @CodingPhase
    @CodingPhase 16 дней назад +10

    Probably the most needed video in the developer community. Ty

    • @chilli943
      @chilli943 16 дней назад +1

      Your boy here was the one pushing them for YEARS. He is the REASON the developer community is in the state is right now (thinking you need to pay 600% premiums for infrastructure you can build yourself very easily)

    • @CodingPhase
      @CodingPhase 16 дней назад

      @@chilli943 vercel made it easy for Developers to make everyone feel like a great developer. But the truth is they have to make money somehow. This channel is not really for beginners most of us read the pricing models from the start. You can’t blame Theo for people not reading how vercel charges. There’s a lot of optimizations vercel does. I personally don’t use them because I’m a laravel guy but we can’t deny their effort. If you use all the optimizations vercel does then you have to know that don’t come free. Always remember no one works for free

  • @andrwondabeat
    @andrwondabeat 10 дней назад +1

    I don't like your videos when they're not like this one. I think you have a very wide knowledge on how the front end ecosphere works, and THIS is the kind of videos where your knowledge shines.
    Props, great video theo.

  • @maximilianm7324
    @maximilianm7324 16 дней назад +1

    Wow this video was one of the most helpful ones, I have ever watched. I've found out about most of the stuff on my own over the years, but here is so much knowledge in 27 mins. Could have saved me a lot of headaches over the years

  • @diobrandoggo7471
    @diobrandoggo7471 16 дней назад +11

    Skipping video for a quick research on payload.

    • @payloadcms
      @payloadcms 16 дней назад +6

      Don't tell Theo but we approve of this.

  • @benheidemann3836
    @benheidemann3836 15 дней назад +1

    Great video! Well researched, well structured, and I learned a few new things which is great. Would love to see more like this.

  • @heguer87
    @heguer87 16 дней назад +3

    Half way, great video so far. Keep making videos like this please. It’s nice when videos are informative, but these ones are great too.

  • @saad6948
    @saad6948 11 дней назад +1

    Best value Theo video for me so far. Thanks Theo. Keep doing the great work.

  • @SauravPant
    @SauravPant 11 дней назад +2

    - Delete Public Folder
    - use Image component less - Not every image needs to optimize
    - Make less db queries, optimize them
    - Use caching
    - Use Static pages more

  • @saissevictor
    @saissevictor 16 дней назад +22

    payload goat

  • @kasper369
    @kasper369 16 дней назад +2

    OMG, never have i seen such an elegant sponsored segment, perfect for programmers audience

  • @alejandroechavarria539
    @alejandroechavarria539 16 дней назад +11

    I love payload

    • @payloadcms
      @payloadcms 16 дней назад +2

      Feeling is mutual.

  • @ManSV14
    @ManSV14 16 дней назад +19

    When will there be an uploadthing plugin for payloadcms??

    • @t3dotgg
      @t3dotgg  16 дней назад +13

      We really need to finish it...

    • @JamesMikrut
      @JamesMikrut 16 дней назад +12

      @@t3dotgg yep maybe we could get it across the finish line next week

    • @ManSV14
      @ManSV14 16 дней назад +2

      👀👀👀👀👀

    • @chad_giga6934
      @chad_giga6934 15 дней назад +1

      @@ManSV14 I’m already using it in prod 😂😂

  • @keen_lex
    @keen_lex 16 дней назад +2

    Don't use vercel or aws or google cloud or azure, get dedicated servers. Simple as that and job done, if you want to pay even less then get unmanaged servers. Right now it's easy to find unlimited bandwidth 1Gb/s or 10Gb/s. Also you can get multiple servers in case you need them to create a load balancer. That's the right way to start your business. Start small and scale based on needs.

  • @omereker8824
    @omereker8824 16 дней назад +1

    This is the type of videos i was kinda missing from you lately, banger!

  • @AndrewDBrown2020
    @AndrewDBrown2020 16 дней назад

    Theo - I can't tell you how much I appreciate your videos/knowledge. Thank you.

  • @GiveMeSomeMeshuggah
    @GiveMeSomeMeshuggah 16 дней назад +2

    Lots of great content lately. Thanks Theo!

  • @BrentMalice
    @BrentMalice 16 дней назад +1

    based ty. this and the 100% legally distinct master one have been great. optimization and security is never talked about

  • @okunamayanad
    @okunamayanad 16 дней назад +1

    I'm definitely saving this for later and i'll watch this every time when i'm putting things to vercel

  • @jackhammer915
    @jackhammer915 15 дней назад +21

    Theo before leaving: “Vercel has no control over what I talk about”
    After leaving: “That means I can talk about things they might not have wanted me to talk about in the past”
    🧐🧐

    • @paulonteri
      @paulonteri 15 дней назад +1

      Lol

    • @frowin2
      @frowin2 15 дней назад

      I thought the same. There‘s a loophole here though. It’s like lying, is not saying sth. lying? Anyway, I get what he means by that. It always makes a difference when there’s a business relation.

    • @jackhammer915
      @jackhammer915 14 дней назад

      @@frowin2 Tbf I did appreciate Theo’s philosophy of taking sponsors he believed in, and I don’t actually think he was a Vercel shill. I just thought this was funny

  • @AlnisSmidchens
    @AlnisSmidchens 16 дней назад +1

    This was a really good video! Lots of helpful information and illustrative examples. Thank you!

  • @soundzthevibewalker
    @soundzthevibewalker 16 дней назад +7

    Uploadthing looks nice but I'm missing EU GDPR and EU Data Residency

  • @sprobertson
    @sprobertson 16 дней назад +2

    I think this is my favorite video from you so far

  • @mathesonstep
    @mathesonstep 16 дней назад

    I appreciate these tips even though I plan on deploying on a VPS, they are just good best practises and I hope people don't skip this video thinking it doesn't apply to them

  • @MiguelMartinez-ui8nl
    @MiguelMartinez-ui8nl 16 дней назад +1

    I've never been happier for an ad

  • @Tyheir
    @Tyheir 15 дней назад

    Appreciate you putting in time to properly demo

  • @yazalulloa
    @yazalulloa 14 дней назад

    This is the first video or yours that actually sold me on using vercel

  • @roycechua
    @roycechua 16 дней назад

    Great guide, that unusually simple ad segment actually got me curious about payload

  • @ZakiWasik
    @ZakiWasik 14 дней назад +1

    Amazing contents!
    I instantly went to investigate my /public folder. I found that we have OG imagaes for social media which sit around 120-160KB. I suppose it should not be a problem to host these outside Vercel CDN. But I also found that since we are generating favicons for mobile platforms, some of our android favicons are also in the 120KB range. I would definitely want the regular small sized favicons that browsers use to be loaded fast to not impede first load, but I'm wondering if we have these high resolution favicons specified in the sitemanifest whether they will impede the load time if I hosted them out of a slower provider?

  • @Codethier
    @Codethier 16 дней назад +4

    Revenge and good content in one, well done!

  • @UmarO-r7j
    @UmarO-r7j 12 дней назад

    - Avoid placing large assets in the public directory to save on CDN costs
    - Use external storage services like S3, R2, or UploadThing for large files
    - Limit the paths allowed in image optimization to prevent excessive costs
    - Run database queries concurrently to reduce blocking and minimize compute time
    - Use caching mechanisms to reduce redundant API calls and database queries
    - Ensure mostly static pages are generated as static HTML to avoid dynamic costs
    - Monitor image optimization costs on Vercel, especially for high-volume projects
    - Consider alternative analytics services to avoid high Vercel analytics fees

  • @kenridge2
    @kenridge2 16 дней назад

    Extremely helpful video, with tons of great advice. Thank you, Theo!

  • @kevboutin
    @kevboutin 16 дней назад

    Excellent rundown on Vercel. Kudos!

  • @matiasmoresi5040
    @matiasmoresi5040 16 дней назад +1

    Thank you so much for this video Theo. ❤

  • @alexbennett5647
    @alexbennett5647 15 дней назад

    Opportune timing for publishing this video. I see you, Theo. Love it. Fight the power.

  • @xrehpicx
    @xrehpicx 16 дней назад +2

    Thank u for showing me payload

  • @ikbo
    @ikbo 15 дней назад +1

    Watched start to finish. Kudos to RUclips algorithm

  • @droosoo
    @droosoo 15 дней назад +1

    Yo this was actually really helpful man keep this up ❤

  • @brayanjpm
    @brayanjpm 11 дней назад

    Really good video bro, a pleasure for us to watching this type of stuff.

  • @thomasrooskens7762
    @thomasrooskens7762 10 дней назад

    I really liked this video, learned a lot from it. Will you some more of these partially code review videos in the future?

  • @fathularifkamarudin55
    @fathularifkamarudin55 16 дней назад +2

    Payload website is beautiful.

  • @dirtbagmoto
    @dirtbagmoto 15 дней назад

    I've been waiting for this video for a while, thank you!

  • @KeithPickeringGuy
    @KeithPickeringGuy 11 дней назад +1

    Question: why do people do any of this shit instead of just paying for a php server or something? This seems like a ridiculously complex solution for problems that were already solved 20 years ago

  • @joebrewer1892
    @joebrewer1892 15 дней назад

    Thanks, that was a super useful video. I am just getting started with NextJS and am pretty nervous about hosting with Vercel. Are there logs that show bottlenecks with performance that I should be monitoring?

  • @AnoNymous-el6mr
    @AnoNymous-el6mr 15 дней назад

    Nah this was a great video! It helped me get insights on things I didn't even know where a "thing". Thanks a lot

  • @alastairtheduke
    @alastairtheduke 16 дней назад +4

    Why doesn't vercel just have a cap on its billing. Most companies have a ceiling above which , they know something went terribly wrong.

    • @sandervspl
      @sandervspl 16 дней назад +2

      You can set a cap on Vercel. But it stop all your services once the cap is reached 😅

    • @Zeryther
      @Zeryther 11 дней назад

      you should watch the video

    • @natedunn3933
      @natedunn3933 9 дней назад

      ….

  • @lucastheys
    @lucastheys 15 дней назад

    Cloudflare workers don't include the api wait time or their own ai service for their billing. You only pay what you use

  • @chiblitheone
    @chiblitheone 15 дней назад +1

    Compute and bandwidth are quite reasonable, but I've been seeing stupid charges for monitoring + log drains. Any tips for that?

  • @vorant94
    @vorant94 12 дней назад

    the thing about parallel db queries: from one side each particular request indeed takes too long and its totally dev mistake, but from another putting a node engine code with such easy-to-use "concurrency" into an environment, where you spin up a dedicated lambda instance for each request (instead of re-using already running and idle instances) is simply a serverless SCAM that aws started a while ago and everybody got along with it

  • @eltyo340
    @eltyo340 16 дней назад +1

    Can confirm, payload is very good.

  • @georgepetroff2364
    @georgepetroff2364 15 дней назад

    Theo you are gem, hope you know it! Thank you as always! Keep it up🔥

  • @MarkVonBaldi
    @MarkVonBaldi 16 дней назад +2

    The four queries is criminal.

  • @jitxhere
    @jitxhere 15 дней назад

    Looks like I am watching old theo
    One of the very first videos that I watched was you explaining even though TypeScript is slow still why it makes sense to make apis in it and when to bring in go and rust.

  • @streuseltv
    @streuseltv 15 дней назад

    `unstable_cache` is considered legacy though. Wouldn't `use cache` be the better approach?

  • @darahk88
    @darahk88 14 дней назад

    A mercenary who tells a new story when not getting paid

  • @maikoke6768
    @maikoke6768 15 дней назад

    This video has responded to some of my issues!

  • @goodguyhenri2090
    @goodguyhenri2090 16 дней назад

    friendly reminder to use select over include for security and performance

  • @laztheripper
    @laztheripper 15 дней назад +1

    I have the best solution!
    Run on a 10$ a month VPS and have unlimited everything. Woah.

  • @_y7ya
    @_y7ya 16 дней назад +1

    Theo mode killed me, I thought you were just trolling with a custom extension...

  • @EAlexHaywood
    @EAlexHaywood 15 дней назад

    This video was awesome and super helpful

  • @rasibn
    @rasibn 14 дней назад

    the prisma query one was funny af

  • @FritsStegmann
    @FritsStegmann 16 дней назад

    honestly, Vercel should pay him for this video.

  • @mainakdas5819
    @mainakdas5819 15 дней назад

    Quick question on 15:36 part of serverless functions duration, what if we need to merge data from a external API and a CMS for say. CMS queries are cached but the external APIs are not and as we need specific data from CMS then it needs to depends on the response of API. How do you think you’ll tackle that kind of problem?

  • @proevilz
    @proevilz 7 дней назад

    Hey, I believe I may have noticed a minor issue in your unstable_cache() demo. You used "posts" as the cache key, but then used the same value in the revalidateTag() call. The issue is that the cache key isn't used for revalidation; it's the tags that matter. You need to specify "posts" as a tag instead for revalidateTag() to work correctly as far as I'm aware.

  • @kuhaniresti
    @kuhaniresti 15 дней назад +1

    im building a framework that will make vercel unnecessary 😂

  • @cnikolov
    @cnikolov 16 дней назад

    Optimizing Images can be done with single lambda running sharp on it . and connected to cloud front params (like w=200&h=200) isn't that hard to make your own.

  • @franky47
    @franky47 16 дней назад

    Looking at my usage, the "edge requests" is what often goes over the free tier limit. I wish there was a way to see a breakdown of which paths are the hottest to optimise.

  • @digidope
    @digidope 15 дней назад

    Just today i deployed to Vercel a public/videos folder with bunch of small videos for the landing page. No wonder it was fast.

  • @hannespi2886
    @hannespi2886 15 дней назад

    Amazing Theo, i'm so new to this.
    I want to summarise this video though but there's no transcript for it :(

  • @MiBaDK
    @MiBaDK 11 дней назад

    You mentioned you don't charge for egress on UploadThing. Does that mean it's using R2 now instead of S3? (Searched a bit but did not find :) )

  • @ivo22mun
    @ivo22mun 16 дней назад +2

    Ok, vercel is just too risky and expensive, like firebase.
    But what is your take in cloudflare pages and workers?

    • @doc8527
      @doc8527 16 дней назад

      it's not Vercel is too risky, It's Vercel makes entry so easy for new devs and somehow they market towards many so called "founders" and "new devs".
      Those people are very incompetent (either due to they are new or just literally don't care about things as long as it works), and clueless about what their codes is doing, hence causes tons of billings for themselves.
      I literally never step into any so called Vercel traps because I only use all the Vercel/Next.js features when I needed, and check docs before I implement them, just like how dev work 15 years ago, there is no magic behind.
      And a lot of people from I can tell so far literally don't read Docs, do whatever until they got trouble and them complain on twitter.
      The part Vercel did so wrong is that they shouldn't advertise too aggressive to those so called founders. or they need to advertise in a more careful way, those "devs" are just so incompetent.
      The current Vercel situation is very similar to the javascript community. The modern toolings make the entry barrier is so low that you expect to see chaos.

    • @doc8527
      @doc8527 16 дней назад +5

      If you check the video, the Prisma example, has nothing to do with Vercel, it's just people don't understand how DB ORM works and never care about the code they are writing.
      Literally skill issue. Those code wouldn't even pass my PR review if the speed becomes an issue but it turns out many experienced devs (even so called senior devs) have no idea why their codes are slow and I have to fix it for them.
      I'm literally disappointed, I don't even call myself a senior dev...

    • @ivo22mun
      @ivo22mun 16 дней назад

      @doc8527 True, skill issue.
      Im taking drizzle, btw in general terms which are your advices on how to make good code on sql w/out ORM?

    • @doc8527
      @doc8527 16 дней назад +1

      ​@@ivo22mun technically speaking, there is no correct answer other than being open, especially don't immediately blame particular libs or framework. 90% of the times you will find it's a skill issue.
      Check the documentation of the library or github issue/discussion if you encounter a problem that related to that library.
      Measure the time of each part if something is being slow.
      For example, if one component rendering is slow, measure the overall api time measure the rendering time, then measure the DB call time, measure the data size you try to query. Often you can find the issue is from your own code rather than particular library is slow.
      This is pretty standard for any good engineer to debug an issue.

  • @ymi_yugy3133
    @ymi_yugy3133 11 дней назад

    This unstable cache things looks pretty useless for anything but trivial apps. Sooner or later you'll have hundreds if not thousands of cached queries as well as a similar amount of modifying queries. Figuring out which ones to invalidate by hand is a nightmare and an endless source of bugs.

  • @xav_624
    @xav_624 11 дней назад

    So, in a serverless env, optimizing for perfs is also optimizing for cost. Cool stuff.

  • @ichoupettev4661
    @ichoupettev4661 11 дней назад +1

    How To Avoid Big Serverless Bills ? Selfhost your services on a vps :3

  • @ConnorElsea
    @ConnorElsea 16 дней назад

    Very good stuff. But I'd love to know more about the caching user and not calling on every request thing? Especially if you are using an external auth like clerk or supabase, how would you avoid checking the user on each request especially for authenticated requests?

  • @mateogalic7128
    @mateogalic7128 4 дня назад

    Theo throwing some bombs here! 🔥

  • @RoyaltyInTraining.
    @RoyaltyInTraining. 16 дней назад

    Am I the only one who does some quick back-of-the-envelope calculations to see if bills for things like CDNs would be reasonable with the amount of data expected to go through the service?

  • @natanmaia3575
    @natanmaia3575 12 дней назад

    Noob here, how does a more general image optimization path let other people exploit your optimization cap? Doesn't Vercel only optimize the ones your project uses? Do they traverse the entire path for all possible images and optimize those?

  • @MokaPots
    @MokaPots 14 дней назад

    Thank you for this!

  • @maazmunir9213
    @maazmunir9213 15 дней назад

    How different would the code be if you were doing the same stuff not on Vercel but maybe a VPS?

  • @jonny555333
    @jonny555333 16 дней назад

    Isn't the bandwidth hit from hosting large images on vercel minimal since after the first time the page is visited, it would use the optimized version on vercel's cdn, no?

  • @juliusgrisette
    @juliusgrisette 15 дней назад

    Thank you theo very helpful

  • @2u841r
    @2u841r 16 дней назад

    Very informative, Thank you

  • @epatrickification
    @epatrickification 16 дней назад

    You are a GOAT. Kudos!

  • @EdwinManual
    @EdwinManual 16 дней назад +2

    Payload OP