@@GGman2019 and I ask again, have you done medieval combat in real life? I have, we have a lot here where I live, northern europe. I trained with a group that focused on early viking warfare for the most part. One of my sparring partners was very short, for reference I am like 6'3, or 190 cm, he was a good head or so smaller. That small frame combined with a large, round, era authentic roundshield is a horrible combo. The large shield did not hinder his commendable agility at all, he is well trained and moves with it like it's nothing, really interesting stuff. If you have an interest in real medieval sports I can only recommend you join local HEMA groups like that.
Man its fun being able to see this comment. I can still remember when you were a guy i knew just from comments. Now your channel is getting bigger and bigger. Love your stuff man always quality. I was really impressed when i learned you did the artwork yourself. Keep grinding man!
Amazing instructions for use of Gladius and Scutum. It is very clear from this video how biomechanics of the Roman infantry way of fighting was superior. Good protection of shoulder legs and head. While attack and direction of the Gladius is hidden until it emerges from behind the shield surprising the opponent.
@@kelvinho2475 He is my firstborn son, so he is exempt from agoge :). Sorry for not replying to everyone else in the thread I never saw the notification, thanks and have a happy new year all.
Hello from Australia. Fantastic video I really enjoyed it. I think many people are really interested to see the actual techniques and how effective they may or may not be rather than the dull history type lesson. It is a chance to get an insight in to the combat reality for a roman soldier. Also your English is good I could understand everything and I really hope you can continue to do more videos in English ( or include subtitles ) and on these types of practical combat experiments, very interesting congratulations and thanks for posting.
Legio V Macedonica don't worry. most people have strong accents when speaking english. And I actually like the slavic accent. very interesting video btw. :)
I designed bullet resistant police riot shields, as well armor for vehicles and helicopters. This is a great video for riot police to study and development tactics from. The Romans ruled for 1000 years due these combat tactics. Well done sirs!
That was really interesting. I have always thought a small shield would be great because how dextrous it make the soldier but, this has highlighted why after centuries of military development civilisations have large shields.
Most convincing use of the scutum I've seen! Finally some realistic demos with athletic people doing them. Always wondered how they made that awkward-looking shield actually work. Bracing it against your knee and shoulder makes a lot of sense. I can see that its difficult and counterintuitive to trust the shield and lay it directly on the shoulder, though! The fellow near the end was starting to use his own blade to brace the inside of the shield instinctively!
Ciao frater!!! I come from a latin speaking people in the Balkans, We are descendants of Legio V Macedonica. Other balkan peoples call us cincari (meaning "those from the fifth"), and the Romanians call us Macedoni (derived from the Macedonian Legion). We call ourselves Aromani (meaning "from Romans"). Unfortunately, not many speak our language among youngsters. We proudly held highest ranks among the leading figures of the Greek War of Independence. We mostly live in Greece, Albania, and Serbia. For example, some of our famous surnames; Koletti, Zappa, Bulgari (the famous designers), Averoff (from original Augeri), Buttari etc. Common surnames in my region include; Cotta (remember Julius Caesar's mother was named Cotta, after her father's surname?), Nasica (remember Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica?), Gianni, Dimarelli, Capurani, Disho, Vongoli, Paka, Caraggio, Scupra, We number about 300,000 in Greece only, estimated more than half a million in four countries, those assimilated not included). My village is named Furka (or Fourka, as commonly known in Greece). Ave frater!!!
This technique is still used in modern boxing to avoid thrusting punches or incoming hooks, you flip the head and the punch basically doesn't touch your chin similar to the flip of the helmet hear that avoids the cutting blow from the gladius above. 2:45
Excellent that this is all closely based on Roman visual art. On reliefs and mosaics, you can clearly see Roman soldiers (and gladiators) actually doing all of these moves! I'm sure that, if they could, real ancient Roman skill at arms instructors would look at this and say the equivalent of; "Yeah, that's pretty much what we do!"
That's why the Gladius was so effective and worked during Ancient Rome and the perfect primary weapon for the Roman Legion Cause it gave them different advantages on the battlefield and it was perfect for close quarters combat and during solo fighting to kill your enemy to keep you alive cause your enemies will do anything to kill and tear out your throat so it was perfect for Survival during campaign and conquest and worked perfectly when the Roman Legion had to fight together to overcome and destroy an Enemy of Rome The Scutum was the perfect Shield for the Roman soldier for its protectiveness and it's offense advantages and defense advantages on the battlefield
I've been reading a novel about St Georgius during the late 3rd century and got curious about roman culture, right now i'm surprised of how thoughtful the shield design was, i'm starting to understand how the legionnaires - legionnaires used these types of shields, right ? I know there were a lot of different types of soldiers with different equipment - became so famous for their equipment and efficiency. You guys keep the good work
I come from a latin speaking people in the Balkans, We are descendants of Legio V Macedonica. Other balkan peoples call us cincari (meaning "those from the fifth"), and the Romanians call us Macedoni (derived from the Macedonian Legion). We call ourselves Aromani (meaning "from Romans"). Unfortunately, not many speak our language among youngsters. We proudly held highest ranks among the leading figures of the Greek War of Independence. We mostly live in Greece, Albania, and Serbia. For example, some of our famous surnames; Koletti, Zappa, Bulgari (the famous designers), Averoff (from original Augeri), Buttari etc. Common surnames in my region include; Cotta (remember Julius Caesar's mother was named Cotta, after her father's surname?), Nasica (remember Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica?), Gianni, Dimarelli, Capurani, Disho, Vongoli, Paka, Caraggio, Scupra, We number about 300,000 in Greece only, estimated more than half a million in four countries, those assimilated not included). My village is named Furka (or Fourka, as commonly known in Greece). Ave mea soror!!!
Видое хорошее, смотреть было интересно и английский был в общем понятный за одним исключением. У меня была проблема с пониманием слова "hit", ведь на протяжении 3 минут я слышал слово "heat" и только под конец понял что это было за слово. Так что я бы предложил вам в будущем использовать слово "strike", его и перепутать сложнее, и звучит по моему лучше. А так мне все понравилось, буду и впредь смотреть ваши видео (скажем спасибо за это Метатрону))
Congratulations! You have unlocked the "Legion stance" perk Whenever you use short sword and reactangular Shield (scuta)combo your defense increased by 30 but your range of attack also decreased. Special traits including "Confuse" The enemy cannot predict when and where you gonna attack (only works with short sword only). "Helmet protection" If the enemy strikes you in the head with spear,there is a chance the strike Will deflected.
Ciao frater!!! I come from a latin speaking people in the Balkans, We are descendants of Legio V Macedonica. Other balkan peoples call us cincari (meaning "those from the fifth"), and the Romanians call us Macedoni (derived from the Macedonian Legion). We call ourselves Aromani (meaning "from Romans"). Unfortunately, not many speak our language among youngsters. We proudly held highest ranks among the leading figures of the Greek War of Independence. We mostly live in Greece, Albania, and Serbia. For example, some of our famous surnames; Koletti, Zappa, Bulgari (the famous designers), Averoff (from original Augeri), Buttari etc. Common surnames in my region include; Cotta (remember Julius Caesar's mother was named Cotta, after her father's surname?), Nasica (remember Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica?), Gianni, Dimarelli, Capurani, Disho, Vongoli, Paka, Caraggio, Scupra, We number about 300,000 in Greece only, estimated more than half a million in four countries, those assimilated not included). My village is named Furka (or Fourka, as commonly known in Greece). Ave frater!!!
Amazing defensive response to weapons, I especially like how the helmet can be used to thwart a sword thrust or draw cut. I'm sure the legionnaires had a counter because the enemy always leaves an opening when using a weapon.
Great video very nice and clear demonstration. I've never actually seen any roman style combat beyond the Testudo. This has given me a much better idea of roman technique with the Scutum.
With a greave on at least the forward leg, a forward posture of the leading leg is not only possible but recommended. Exposing the side like this is a little bit dangerous to giving in to pressure from the soldier's left diagonal side, and also to have the back of the leg split open. But the shield is good at defending low with a small movement. Just wanted to caveat that Roman greaves often to not wrap around the entire shin, and thus are literally designed to protect mostly the front of the shin, so if you are wearing one, you alter this stance on the front leg.
The interesting is the techniques used by Roman legionaries were the same used by gladiators in arena, mainly for the gladiators classes Murmillo, Secutor and Provocator.
For me, the Middle Ages were a period of regression. I was interested in the way of life of the ancient Romans, and their subtlety of existence, their incredibly modern architectural and medical sciences, their military techniques, their political institutions, blew me away. A gallo-roman.
This video brings us back to the real thing. Amazing. I wonder if a longer person could use a taller shield. But a more bulky shield would be much harder to use it offensively. This leads me to this: Being shorter and sturdy seems to be optimal when fighting with this optimal size.
Actually, since the Romans fought in formation and never 1-1, shields which were the exact same would make it easier to interlace w/in the Testudo and other Roman formations.
excallent education on gladius and roman use of tower shields. I have just made my 3rd gladius and am making a scabbard suspension system. wanted to see what you guys did
His feet position in fighting stance looks like the one used in boxing . Perfect 50 to 50 weight distribution between the two feet and perfect for footwork and maximize striking power with the arms. It is not a case that most of romans strike were thrust (wich techniques remind that of a jab or a cross)
В данном случае лучше использовать слово "defence", а не "protection". Для стойки в фехтовании принято использовать guard - для защиты, posture - для нападения.
no wonder Roman has great military. Their training education video is quite comprehensive.
Bruh hahaha
Roman RUclips Circa 52 BCE. Or at most, Circa 117 AD.
Octavia liked this comment
I’m a college history professor, I specialize in military and naval history. This is an Excellent video, great work
Thank you a lot =)
Its hard to defeat an enemy if it basically holding a freaking door
😂😂u are rightly
The door like shield is effective only if you have comrades beside you otherwise 1vs1 a smaller lighter one is better
@@geroutoru865 Incorrect, have you ever tried medieval combat? Large shields are a pain in the ass to fight.
@@chadsigmarson673 we talking real life here,the lighter quicker you are the more advantage you got
@@GGman2019 and I ask again, have you done medieval combat in real life? I have, we have a lot here where I live, northern europe. I trained with a group that focused on early viking warfare for the most part. One of my sparring partners was very short, for reference I am like 6'3, or 190 cm, he was a good head or so smaller. That small frame combined with a large, round, era authentic roundshield is a horrible combo. The large shield did not hinder his commendable agility at all, he is well trained and moves with it like it's nothing, really interesting stuff. If you have an interest in real medieval sports I can only recommend you join local HEMA groups like that.
Great video...awesome to see in action
Man its fun being able to see this comment. I can still remember when you were a guy i knew just from comments. Now your channel is getting bigger and bigger. Love your stuff man always quality. I was really impressed when i learned you did the artwork yourself. Keep grinding man!
I agree with you 👏👏this video is simple and easy to understand..basic stuff but it made sense ..
Amazing instructions for use of Gladius and Scutum. It is very clear from this video how biomechanics of the Roman infantry way of fighting was superior. Good protection of shoulder legs and head. While attack and direction of the Gladius is hidden until it emerges from behind the shield surprising the opponent.
Just found your channel after trying to teach my 3 year old son to train with his gladius.
You are a good father my friend. God bless you both !
That's good parenting.
“They take our sons and turn them into little Romans, HA!”
Do you son participate Agoge in age 7?
@@kelvinho2475 He is my firstborn son, so he is exempt from agoge :).
Sorry for not replying to everyone else in the thread I never saw the notification, thanks and have a happy new year all.
The concealment of gladius behind the shield is already a fine ingenuity of the Roman mind, this is so great
metatron has made a video about this video both i like good work do please more in english
Thank you, we will try)
thanks allready 4 all the upcoming videos
Superb! Best instructional video on the use of gladius and scutum I've seen so far! Subscribed!
Hello from Australia. Fantastic video I really enjoyed it. I think many people are really interested to see the actual techniques and how effective they may or may not be rather than the dull history type lesson. It is a chance to get an insight in to the combat reality for a roman soldier.
Also your English is good I could understand everything and I really hope you can continue to do more videos in English ( or include subtitles ) and on these types of practical combat experiments, very interesting congratulations and thanks for posting.
Excellent reenactment and attention to detail. I'm sure Emperor Traianus would agree.
Thank you a lot!
That’s the most realistic ancient/ medieval combat I have seen. The blows etc are delivered with intent. Something sadly lacking in most videos.
Thanks for posting this, and good work with the english! Perfectly understandable and informative. :)
straight really, absolutely nothing is understandable because of my accent? :(
Legio V Macedonica I'm serious, the English is great. Understood everything.
Ok, thank you a lot))
Legio V Macedonica don't worry. most people have strong accents when speaking english. And I actually like the slavic accent. very interesting video btw. :)
Thank you a lot)
"We are trying not to hit in full force, but it is not always possible"
*Lots of memories triggered haha!
^_^
Vobis gratias and Spaseba, Legio Mac! This was a very practical and realistic presentation of Roman legionary fighting with gladius and scutum.
I designed bullet resistant police riot shields, as well armor for vehicles and helicopters.
This is a great video for riot police to study and development tactics from.
The Romans ruled for 1000 years due these combat tactics.
Well done sirs!
I'm brazilian and I love your english, it's pretty cool! I hope you continue to post videos in english too! Cheers from Brazil!
Dont forget,a Limes its provisional military border
Thank You for your exhibition!!
That was really interesting. I have always thought a small shield would be great because how dextrous it make the soldier but, this has highlighted why after centuries of military development civilisations have large shields.
Wonderful! commentary in English, thank you. It is amazing to watch how the men training use a real sword but never injure their comrade.
Excellent stuff.
I am thankful you made the video in English, I could not understand your previous work.
Excelent presentation, now i understand how they used the gladius and shield together! Thank You!
Most convincing use of the scutum I've seen! Finally some realistic demos with athletic people doing them. Always wondered how they made that awkward-looking shield actually work. Bracing it against your knee and shoulder makes a lot of sense. I can see that its difficult and counterintuitive to trust the shield and lay it directly on the shoulder, though! The fellow near the end was starting to use his own blade to brace the inside of the shield instinctively!
WOW!
Phenomenal reconstruction, backed up by a phenomenal understanding of biomechanical opportunities and limitations of the man, and the kit.
Awesome art, those helmet neck guards are a stroke of genius as well.
Molte grazie, spasibo....
Ciao frater!!! I come from a latin speaking people in the Balkans, We are descendants of Legio V Macedonica. Other balkan peoples call us cincari (meaning "those from the fifth"), and the Romanians call us Macedoni (derived from the Macedonian Legion). We call ourselves Aromani (meaning "from Romans"). Unfortunately, not many speak our language among youngsters. We proudly held highest ranks among the leading figures of the Greek War of Independence. We mostly live in Greece, Albania, and Serbia. For example, some of our famous surnames; Koletti, Zappa, Bulgari (the famous designers), Averoff (from original Augeri), Buttari etc. Common surnames in my region include; Cotta (remember Julius Caesar's mother was named Cotta, after her father's surname?), Nasica (remember Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica?), Gianni, Dimarelli, Capurani, Disho, Vongoli, Paka, Caraggio, Scupra, We number about 300,000 in Greece only, estimated more than half a million in four countries, those assimilated not included). My village is named Furka (or Fourka, as commonly known in Greece). Ave frater!!!
Nice, more videos in English! Cheers from Sweden :)
Nice work guys
video was incredibly helpful, thank you!
Amazing content and tactics of roman legions Greetings from Macedonia Greece 🇬🇷❤❤
It’s fascinating how we are still studying Roman combat tactics like these today
This technique is still used in modern boxing to avoid thrusting punches or incoming hooks, you flip the head and the punch basically doesn't touch your chin similar to the flip of the helmet hear that avoids the cutting blow from the gladius above. 2:45
Finally a good video, showing techniques in a serious way
Finally a demonstration by someone whose actually put the research in.
Excellent that this is all closely based on Roman visual art. On reliefs and mosaics, you can clearly see Roman soldiers (and gladiators) actually doing all of these moves! I'm sure that, if they could, real ancient Roman skill at arms instructors would look at this and say the equivalent of; "Yeah, that's pretty much what we do!"
Wow, great video. Love to see those shields in action.
i like how he braces the shield with the point of the gladious
That's why the Gladius was so effective and worked during Ancient Rome and the perfect primary weapon for the Roman Legion Cause it gave them different advantages on the battlefield and it was perfect for close quarters combat and during solo fighting to kill your enemy to keep you alive cause your enemies will do anything to kill and tear out your throat so it was perfect for Survival during campaign and conquest and worked perfectly when the Roman Legion had to fight together to overcome and destroy an Enemy of Rome
The Scutum was the perfect Shield for the Roman soldier for its protectiveness and it's offense advantages and defense advantages on the battlefield
great job, guys! love the explanation! looking forward to more content in english.
I've been reading a novel about St Georgius during the late 3rd century and got curious about roman culture, right now i'm surprised of how thoughtful the shield design was, i'm starting to understand how the legionnaires - legionnaires used these types of shields, right ? I know there were a lot of different types of soldiers with different equipment - became so famous for their equipment and efficiency. You guys keep the good work
thank you for the good review
Was looking for something like this, thanks!
That is the best video I have ever seen about the roman fighting techniques. Perfect.
Excellent demonstration. Now I just need to get myself a Scutum
Grazie, спасибо, thank you, Legio V Macedonica ❤
I come from a latin speaking people in the Balkans, We are descendants of Legio V Macedonica. Other balkan peoples call us cincari (meaning "those from the fifth"), and the Romanians call us Macedoni (derived from the Macedonian Legion). We call ourselves Aromani (meaning "from Romans"). Unfortunately, not many speak our language among youngsters. We proudly held highest ranks among the leading figures of the Greek War of Independence. We mostly live in Greece, Albania, and Serbia. For example, some of our famous surnames; Koletti, Zappa, Bulgari (the famous designers), Averoff (from original Augeri), Buttari etc. Common surnames in my region include; Cotta (remember Julius Caesar's mother was named Cotta, after her father's surname?), Nasica (remember Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica?), Gianni, Dimarelli, Capurani, Disho, Vongoli, Paka, Caraggio, Scupra, We number about 300,000 in Greece only, estimated more than half a million in four countries, those assimilated not included). My village is named Furka (or Fourka, as commonly known in Greece). Ave mea soror!!!
It was a very educational video. I always wondered what made Roman military so great.
Very cool video, good job with your English pronounciation. Great work! I'm subscribing!👌
Thank you)
Excellent video. Gives real insight into how the combination of weapons worked. Thank you.
Your scutum looks like it has been used in real battles, I like that.
Видое хорошее, смотреть было интересно и английский был в общем понятный за одним исключением. У меня была проблема с пониманием слова "hit", ведь на протяжении 3 минут я слышал слово "heat" и только под конец понял что это было за слово. Так что я бы предложил вам в будущем использовать слово "strike", его и перепутать сложнее, и звучит по моему лучше. А так мне все понравилось, буду и впредь смотреть ваши видео (скажем спасибо за это Метатрону))
спасибо, учтем)
wow awesome! Please more tactic videos from the roman soldiers :)
Thanks for your feedback! we have a lot of videos on the channel, you can choose)
More like this please!
amazing
greetings from italy
ROMA INVICTA
This video is very education and very applicable to my daily life. Genuinely: Thank you. 👍🏼
Very handy video. I’m conquering the Celtic tribes in the morning so every little helps.
Congratulations!
You have unlocked the "Legion stance" perk
Whenever you use short sword and reactangular Shield (scuta)combo your defense increased by 30 but your range of attack also decreased.
Special traits including
"Confuse"
The enemy cannot predict when and where you gonna attack (only works with short sword only).
"Helmet protection"
If the enemy strikes you in the head with spear,there is a chance the strike Will deflected.
???
Excellent demonstration
One of the best videos I’ve seen. Well done!
A great video one of the best on this subject. Cheers
thank you a lot
Excellent video. Thanks guys
Excellent work.
Warden1:oh no, look there!
Warden2:oh Jesus we're gonna die
Centurian: *_INCREDIBILIS_*
INCREDIBILIS
Gloriam et e Legionibus lecti profilgate. Honore Legioni V Macedonica.
Ciao frater!!! I come from a latin speaking people in the Balkans, We are descendants of Legio V Macedonica. Other balkan peoples call us cincari (meaning "those from the fifth"), and the Romanians call us Macedoni (derived from the Macedonian Legion). We call ourselves Aromani (meaning "from Romans"). Unfortunately, not many speak our language among youngsters. We proudly held highest ranks among the leading figures of the Greek War of Independence. We mostly live in Greece, Albania, and Serbia. For example, some of our famous surnames; Koletti, Zappa, Bulgari (the famous designers), Averoff (from original Augeri), Buttari etc. Common surnames in my region include; Cotta (remember Julius Caesar's mother was named Cotta, after her father's surname?), Nasica (remember Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica?), Gianni, Dimarelli, Capurani, Disho, Vongoli, Paka, Caraggio, Scupra, We number about 300,000 in Greece only, estimated more than half a million in four countries, those assimilated not included). My village is named Furka (or Fourka, as commonly known in Greece). Ave frater!!!
Excellent video👌💪 Thank you for sharing!
YOU GUYS ARE AWESOME
Amazing defensive response to weapons, I especially like how the helmet can be used to thwart a sword thrust or draw cut. I'm sure the legionnaires had a counter because the enemy always leaves an opening when using a weapon.
Best example on youtube yet
Great video very nice and clear demonstration. I've never actually seen any roman style combat beyond the Testudo. This has given me a much better idea of roman technique with the Scutum.
With a greave on at least the forward leg, a forward posture of the leading leg is not only possible but recommended. Exposing the side like this is a little bit dangerous to giving in to pressure from the soldier's left diagonal side, and also to have the back of the leg split open. But the shield is good at defending low with a small movement. Just wanted to caveat that Roman greaves often to not wrap around the entire shin, and thus are literally designed to protect mostly the front of the shin, so if you are wearing one, you alter this stance on the front leg.
Metatron
See you again!
Germany
Great job guys!
Pls do more English videos. This was sooooo helpful! I am going to teach this to my students.
Thanks so much. Perfect, love it.
You guys should really do more instructional videos about roman combat. We dont find any at all here on youtube. Much appreciated LVM
very nice kit on u guys. i especially like the 'broken in' look on the shields
Thanks)
broken in' look on the shields - this is real damage from the swords of enemies
Great video! Thanks!
The interesting is the techniques used by Roman legionaries were the same used by gladiators in arena, mainly for the gladiators classes Murmillo, Secutor and Provocator.
Not in fact surprising in any way at all. It's the same martial culture using exactly the same equipment.
Thanks a lot, this is exactly what I was looking for!
For me, the Middle Ages were a period of regression.
I was interested in the way of life of the ancient Romans,
and their subtlety of existence, their incredibly modern architectural and medical sciences,
their military techniques, their political institutions, blew me away.
A gallo-roman.
I agree.
A daco-roman.
Facing one well-trained Roman legionnaire is quite a task.
Facing entire lines of them, with more shield than person in view...THAT's facing the odds.
I really loved roman shield...it protects you from your ankle right into your neck.
Это здорово. Молодец 💪👍
Very informative video borne from experience!
This video brings us back to the real thing. Amazing.
I wonder if a longer person could use a taller shield. But a more bulky shield would be much harder to use it offensively. This leads me to this: Being shorter and sturdy seems to be optimal when fighting with this optimal size.
Actually, since the Romans fought in formation and never 1-1, shields which were the exact same would make it easier to interlace w/in the Testudo and other Roman formations.
Good job. Awesome to see this.
I feel like watching a gameplay tutorial of a new bought game. Good video 👌🏻
Great video, my legionnaires learned a lot!
Great job! Was awesome to see in action. You guys look fantastic!
excallent education on gladius and roman use of tower shields. I have just made my 3rd gladius and am making a scabbard suspension system. wanted to see what you guys did
great teaching aid thanks
His feet position in fighting stance looks like the one used in boxing . Perfect 50 to 50 weight distribution between the two feet and perfect for footwork and maximize striking power with the arms. It is not a case that most of romans strike were thrust (wich techniques remind that of a jab or a cross)
I really liked it,it was simple to understand 👏👏
В данном случае лучше использовать слово "defence", а не "protection". Для стойки в фехтовании принято использовать guard - для защиты, posture - для нападения.
Great video, helping me with my book.
Buen trabajo!
1:33 That's no ordinary legionarie, he's also a shinobi, look how he uses Mikiri Counter!
Lmao nice my shinobi friend, now he just needs to lose one of his arm.
Thanks this video was very useful. Im on my way to Teutoburg forest, wish me luck
Outstanding
this is very good.
Very interesting. Well done, thanks!
I love your accent man,i understand everything and yet the accent is very defined,maybe because i speak german. Even though this is not german.