Low Mass Stars: Crash Course Astronomy #29
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- Опубликовано: 25 июл 2024
- Today we are talking about the life -- and death -- of stars. Low-mass stars live a long time, fusing all their hydrogen into helium over a trillion years. More massive stars like the Sun live shorter lives. They fuse hydrogen into helium, and eventually helium into carbon (and also some oxygen and neon). When this happens they expand, get brighter, and cool off, becoming red giants. They lose most of their mass, exposing their cores, and then cool off over many billions of years.
Check out the Crash Course Astronomy solar system poster here: store.dftba.com/products/crash...
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Chapters:
Introduction: Low Mass Stars 00:00
Hydrogen Fusion 1:21
Life Cycle of Low Mass Stars 2:22
Larger Stars (Like Our Sun) Live Shorter Lives 3:10
Fueled By Fusion 3:58
Red Giants 5:45
White Dwarfs 8:08
The Fate of the Earth 8:59
Review 11:07
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PHOTOS/VIDEOS
Stars skycenter.arizona.edu/sites/sk... [credit: Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona]
The Sizes of Stars www.eso.org/public/usa/images/... [credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser]
Fusion in the Sun commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... [credit: Borb, Wikimedia Commons]
Mega Flares scitechdaily.com/images/Swift-... [credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Wiessinger]
Proxima Centauri www.spacetelescope.org/images... [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
Physics in the Core solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/ima... [credit: NASA / Marshall Space Flight Center]
Three Years of SDO Images svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/deta... [credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/SDO]
Sun & Red Giants kepler.nasa.gov/files/mws/kasc... [credit: NASA]
Sun as Red Giant commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... [credit:Oona Räisänen, Wikimedia Commons]
Gone with the Wind www.eso.org/public/usa/images... [credit: ESO]
Expanding & cooling www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/www... [credit: ESO/L. Calçada]
Looking down a barrel of gas at a doomed star hubblesite.org/newscenter/arch... [credit: The Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI/NASA)]
Expanding star orbit www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/i... [credit: SO/L. Calçada]
Red Giant Earth commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... [credit: Fsgregs, Wikimedia Commons]
Crab Nebula en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_Ne... [credit: NASA, ESA, J. Hester and A. Loll (Arizona State University)]
Please don't ever change the general idea of your intro tune. As soon as I hear it my mind goes into learning mode like I'm pavlov's dog. Keep up the great work!
I love this series
Peace be with you, why not?
Zoidberg Jesus Thank you!
***** Best Crash Course series of all time =)
Efuii Couldn't agree more.
Zoidberg Jesus When god says he likes Science, Believe me , "He likes Science!! "
I'd just like to thank you, and say that my daughter took an astronomy class in college, and she's learning much more from this series than she ever did in class. I can attest to this, since I audited several lessons. They were using a textbook from 2004 (and this was two years ago), and the teacher had absolutely no idea what she was doing. I felt kind of bad for her. I would have felt worse if I hadn't been paying so much money for it.
I'm learning a great deal as well. I've always been interested in astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology. I was too sick to attend college long enough to get to any of what I actually wanted to learn. It's always been a huge regret. So thanks for giving me the chance to learn more now. It means a lot to me.
My mind gets blown every single episode. WOW.
YazeedSaber must hurt
Leky Ybanez Either that or it feels really good.
***** I just got that. You sir, are quite funny.
You didnt see what quantum mechanics are like
The opposing blacephalon used mind blown!
I think this is my favorite Crash Course series, I love every episode :)
Pete Cottrell me two
Each episode
Didn't expect a shred god to grace a Crash Course comments section. Now time to make a shredtastic astronomy song.
Phil, you're my hero. Thanks for not beating around the bush and telling us our impending doom. 💕
Sara H You're welcome?
***** You lack ambition. I for one plan on never dying.
So far, so good.
Darkrai Titanollante
Technically there's nothing physically impossible in living to, say, 5'000, it's just rather unlikely. I am simply going to be that infinitesimally rare occurrence. Sure it kinda assumes the laws of probability will bend themselves around me, but that's the outlook of most humans anyway.
Sara H YES! and i'd love to see a visual representation of that. and i mean a 5-billion-year timelapse animation that show us our undeniable fate!
cloudtoground
No no, you're totally misreading her comment. Bush beating is a waste of time. Phil just dives right in.
Phil, that was my favourite so far. I'm writing sci fi (with real science) and your sessions are super helpful and reliable. I've always felt that stars were underrated. The planets, being about 0.14% the solar system's mass, are just the largest chunks of the Sun's debris field, lying well within its extended atmosphere.
Besides well written content, Phil is really a great host, who speaks at optimum pace and tone for comfortable listening. He also makes appropriate jokes once in a while which is unlike other hosts of crash course who just happened to let jokes overrun their show and confuse the audience. Great job, Phil, keep it up!
A trillion years? I can wait.
ljmasternoob me also
ljmasternoob let's all meet at Starbucks then.
@@ADEehrh great let me put that in my will, so my descendants can be there.
You WILL wait, no doubt about that.
*EVERYONE DIES*
it's amazing to think that the smallest stars live the longest
High mass star:
Does this planetary nebula make me look fat?
"stars in the sky look prettyyy"
thanks phil
The fact humans are capable of comprehending this, is just as remarkable as the way the universe works. Incredible.
Phil: Nothing lasts forever.
My broke economic situation: Hold my bear.
Beer
Nothing breaks like a heart.
This episode was fantastic. I've watched a thousand 1hr long TV documentaries that just show lots of pretty CG graphics and dont really explain the lifecycle of a star all too well. But this episode was perfect and i actually learned ALOT that i hope will stick =D
So there was this new guy I never heard of coming over to do crash course about one of my favorite subjects. I was prepared to be disappointed. I love being proven wrong. This is by far my favorite crash course series and I desperately hope there is much much more coming.
Getting ready for a test tomorrow on low mass stars, high mass stars, and intermediate mass stars. These vids help so much!
Loved this episode! The production quality is fantastic, as always, and Phil is a great host. Thanks!!!
I absolutely love crash course astronomy. I love all crash course episodes, but astronomy is my favorite. Phil, you do an amazing job and you make the astronomy lessons very interesting, though it helps that astronomy is like the most interesting subject in the universe already!
These videos are one of the best of all of RUclips! This is awesomely educational, entertaining and easily understandable. Great stuff!!
I'm so proud to be backing content like this on Patreon!!!!! Nice job guys, keep it up!
thank you. yet another very informative and highly entertaining video. Narrative is superb (Super or even Stellar) as is the soundtrack !! well done. More please.
The fun never ends with this series. Seriously, please never stop doing these, I loved every single one so far :D
ouuuh! All those teasers, can't wait :D I love this series so much :'D
I freaking love this series. I watch while I'm in class or something so I don't fall asleep.
Wow Phil, thanks for that ive never seen anyone else go into so much detail, congrats to yr educating skills cos even i stuck with ya all the way thru.
Every episode my mind is blown. Please make episode on
1. Pluto and dwarf planets
2. Faux moons of earth
3. Ring system around planets/asteroids
5. Black holes
6. Proxima and alpha centauries and planets around them
Wow every time I watch theses videos I learn so much
Wait if our star is middle aged. What happens when is has a mid life crisis?
it begins a binary system with a star young enough to be his daughter?
schadenfreudebuddha
Lmfao good one did not expect a response like that.
Thomas West I was thinking the same thing
@@schadenfreudebuddha After it buys a motorcycle and grows a mullet... OL J R :)
Literally so more helpful than my professors lectures. Watching these is the only reason why I'm not utterly drowning in AST 105 rn. Thank you!!!
I LOVE this series. Keep up the fantastic work!
I really love that phil has kerbals figurines on his desk. This game is amazing to understand how space travel works, and if an expert in astronomy backs it, it show how accurate it can be. ^^
Looks like there's 45 high mass stars that didn't like the video.
And its still 46. Somehow.
now 47 :(
Up to 48.
TheSquigy 😎😝
Aaron H
57 now, damn haters
Thank you so much for this video! I have never heard such a detailed lesson on what happens to star! I would LOVE to see something like a time lapsed video of an artist's impression of all the different phases the sun will go through, like slow motion videos of flowers unfolding. Even if the video had to be rather long, I would be rapt at see how a star grows and shrinks and gets hotter and cools and how it's gravity changes. How 'bout it?
This guy is such a great teacher.
Another valuable learning vid...
Thanks for the word definition for paroxysms in video, I would have had to stop the vid to Google it :).
Keep up the good work!
Thank you for this series. Because of it, I checked out a book from the library on astronomy, went to an observatory, and saw Saturn and two of its moons. Never too old to learn.
The name of the episode is a bit misleading. When it says "Low Mass Stars", I expected to learn more about Red Dwarfs in general and how they're different from other stars like the Sun but instead, this episode mainly goes over the Red Giant phase of Sun-like stars. This episode should've been named "Red Giants" instead.
Sebastian Gauthier Technicallg speaking, a Red Giant Can be less massive than the sun, Give or take how much mass it has for either a super nova or a stellar remnant, of which the sun will expel the latter and become a white dwarf
Thanks for this awesome video, Phil and Crash Course.
This series can not create new episodes fast enough. I LOVE YOU GUYS SO MUCH!
Can't wait for the next video about stars. Loving the series.
"Do not go gentle into that good night." That Interstellar reference tho...
+Yoshi's VGM It's actually a Shakespeare reference first and foremost
Love these episodes! Keep up the great work!
"What happens in the core stays in the core" so the sun is like Vegas?
Hello Phil Plait of Bad Astronomy! Love the chapter in your book where you are deflating the thing about average stars. Without a doubt our somewhat modest star is about a B+!
This is such an excellent series. Well done, Phil, et all.
*These videos are absolute masterpieces!*
Crash Course Astronomy is so freaking fun to watch
So basically the sun will turn into a huge diamond? I mean except it will probably be plasma towards the center.. Sounds really cool. I'd like to watch stuff drop onto its surface once it has cooled down. Should be fun :)
you won't see it thats billions of years away from now.
basically yes! There is a white dwarf somewhere which has been named "Lucy" by astronomers. it is a reference to the song by the Beatles "Lucy in the sky with diamonds"
dr edgar But he may see stars like the sun that died a long time ago ;)
Dennis W That may not happen at all.
***** Oh goodie! Not to forget that all our heavier elements came out of a supernova anyway :)
***** Thanks for the refresher. I wasn't sure the term _degenerate matter_ applied here
Badass episodes man! Keep up the great work.
Love the series, keep the coming!
I have to say love what you do here I have both adhd and dyslexia so school was a bit of a bummer for me and even though I’ve always found science and history extremely fascinating I stilI had problems learning and getting into them because of the way they were taught but these videos are great educational tools that help so much keep up the great work guys
This episode was best-in-series for me (so far!)
Love this series iv always been a space geek but you just tell the facts without sugarcoating them
This series is just too awesome. I love this
Can't wait to see the upcoming episodes!!
So glad this series exists
Though I didn't get it all, this is VERY Interesting!
Thanks for the video.!
You are so cute in the intro XD
I love your videos, you look so passionate about it you make us want to learn more :) !
Phil: Nothing lasts forever
My financial situation: hold my student loan debt
lol
You know it's because of this video that I finally started to understand how Stars fuse stuff together LOL. And how and why the star models were like convective Zone conductive Zone and all of that stuff. I understand now, this is awesome... it makes sense for a red dwarf to flare out more than our sun. When you think about it... if they are completely convective, then the stuff happening in the core will always make it to the surface
He’s the teacher we all wish we had😩
your videos are so entertaining and informative. i love them all
It's absolutely incredible! I have never used this channel before. I am Physics student and this is sooo useful to understand the concepts of my Stellar Structure and Evolution course, so I can get the "intuition" and big picture, that is the most important thing in Physics! Thank you SOOO much =)
my vote for the coolest episode so far. Pretty much everything in this one was new to me.
Seriously, this channel so good I can't believe it's free.
really heart warming hope i can see a red giant in my life time
Welp, if you have a telescope, just point out to the Scorpio constellation. The brightest star, Antares is a red supergiant. Or point it to the Orion constellation, as Betelgeuse is also another Red Supergiant (Which may have aready blown into a supernova )
You're awesome. You explain astronomy very good :)
I think this was the most hype episode so far, im not done yet, but omg im so excited
Great way to make astronomy interesting again.
I like this series. They don't take their watchers for ignorant fools. They just give us the facts.
"will fluctuate wildly over very short time frames" -- Often, when astronomers talk about short time frames it's millions of years. So it would have been good to say what was meant by this phrase in the video.
pretty sure the way he meant it was fairly short time frames for a stellar object
you guys blow my mind with every episode
This is my favorite series!
i will say it again and again space is awesome. and your videos are super awesome
I really like this series, and I was wondering if you could make a video each about habitable planets and the search for alien life please. :)
Damn tease, I want to know about the bigger stars NOW.
SuperSaiyanMaze You can find out NOW: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_II_supernova
SuperSaiyanMaze A high-mass star is generally one that is roughly twice the mass of the sun and above. They live out their main sequence as stars normally do, but as the hydrogen gets depleted, they start fusing helium into carbon into neon into oxygen into calcium into iron. After that, one of three things can happen. The star can implode in on itself rapidly, but not fast enough that it's so sudden, and it forms a pulsar. Or the star can rapidly implode itself and form a black hole. OR, if the star is massive enough (Say, Betelguise massive...), it's known as a Type II Supernova, destroying life within 50 light years of itself instantly. When it clears away, there's no sign the star existed at all.
Dark Pariah go watch the episode on high mass stars if that's what you want to know
MAN I would be 100% OK with this being twice per week! Don't get me wrong, I love every episode every week as is, I'm just being greedy for more.
Ya'll convinced me to take an Astronomy class at Uni recently and I love that too! Thanks CC Astronomy team!
Omg you just saved my grades. Now I can confidently present my report thank you so much☺️
I love this show, I want more! :P
Love these vids Phil!
"On top of that... Well, there's nothing on top of that" 😂😂😂
Excellent video!
one of the best videos yet
We should take the Earth and push it somewhere else!
Imperialist three body much?
While we wait for that, could we just push politicians, bureaucrats and lawyers somewhere else? They should be a little easier to move than the earth I mean.
Is that a Sponge Bob joke?
The earth owns you, duh
This is pretty thorough. +1!
wow this episode sure expanded my knowledge of astronomy
Awesome, as always.
This is an amazing series
so good! thank you
This is so good!
thrilling as always :)
Phil, you're an absolute star!
Around 4.50 you've mentioned there's not enough hydrogen to be fused, but later you claim the temperature rises through the core so much, that outside the core hydrogen starts fusing. Could you/ anyone please clear it out for me? Much appreciated.
Please, never end this series
Entire crash course astronomy is great
It'd be interesting to observe a red dwarf long after it had cooled as much as possible, would the pressure be so great that the helium was solid? Could we send probes to harvest the helium from what would become it's atmosphere? Could we develop robots that could rove the surface of whatever part does become solid? Could tardigrades live there? Would you be able to swim in the atmosphere? It's too bad that Helium is a noble gas or I'd suggest developing a man made lifeform that needs a nearly pure helium environment to survive and sending them on a trillion year trajectory towards a red dwarf.
It’s just too hot to do most of that, food for thought though.
Amazing !
This series is so damn cool... I always eagerly await each episode. Even if this series stems up to episode 100, I guarantee I will still be watching. One series I would like to see though, is CrashCourse Physics. I'll be going into my second year of physics in 6th Form in a few weeks, and my teacher isn't exactly great at explaining stuff, whereas I understand everything here so clearly because of all the diagrams and stuff.
4:38 That Happened With Pure Hydrogen 660 Millon Years Ago So Its Fusing Dueterium
I don't know if I'm more scared that we're gonna get burned by our own sun or more upset that I will never ever live long enough to see it happen.