What Happens To Animals That Catch Human Illnesses?
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- Опубликовано: 1 июн 2024
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We often hear about what happens when animals give humans terrible diseases such as Swine Flu or Lyme Disease. But what happens when this occurs in reverse? Join Hank Green for a new episode of SciShow explaining reverse Zoonotics! Let's go!
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Sources:
Mountain gorilla:
wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/...
www.sciencedaily.com/releases...
www.nytimes.com/2013/08/02/op...
journals.plos.org/plosone/art...
www.jstor.org/stable/20096440...
Pigs:
www.healthline.com/health/swi...
jcm.asm.org/content/48/9/3204
pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7564... [PDF]
www.sciencedirect.com/science...!
science.sciencemag.org/conten...
jvi.asm.org/content/65/7/3704...
Elephants:
www.healthlinkbc.ca/health-to...
repository.si.edu/bitstream/h...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/p... 98-2361%282000%2919%3A5%3C393%3A%3AAID-ZOO9%3E3.0.CO%3B2-T
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/cont...
veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/cont...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...!
www.cambridge.org/core/servic...
rense.com/general77/eleph.htm
www.asesg.org/PDFfiles/2014/G...
Monkeys:
link.springer.com/chapter/10....
www.researchgate.net/publicat... [PDF]
www.researchgate.net/profile/... [PDF]
www.researchgate.net/publicat... [PDF]
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Penguins:
www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.cambridge.org/core/journa...
Image Sources:
www.eurekalert.org/multimedia...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.ph... CREDIT:Reto Stöckli, NASA Earth Observatory
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
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Damn that’s a sweet deal
Otherwise the airport Wi-Fi router will infect my computer with viruses?
I think that people should know that NordVPN had a breach in data security and user data was stolen. Not because their security was lacking, but because they outsourced their data to a cheaper 3rd party that was hacked. Most of the money you pay to them goes to paying RUclipsrs and Influencers to advertise, only some - the bare minimum of it - goes into security for your data.
@@marc-andreservant201 , the router could, and especially. an infected pig or chicken inserted between you and the router also could.
RUclips algorithm have a very sadistic sense of humour.
Our robot overlords are mocking us
Just got this in my feed. RUclips must be infected with the China Virus lol
The Coronavirus is just revenge on us
How is it sadistic to give you factual information?
Its "sadistic" to EAT BATS.
They are wild animals who have NO BUSINESS being in a marketplace.
OFCOURSE we got sick.
Bats are wild animals!
@@patronsaintofpoison if hunt it, its my dinner. Problem is, its shitty dinner coz it has a lot of shitty viruses in it.
I got the swine flu back in 2009 and it almost killed me. I was coughing so much from all the fluid in my lungs I ended up coughing blood for a bit. At first the ER thought I had Tuberculosis with the blood coming up and quarantined me and took X-Rays of my chest and took samples of blood and mucus. It came back swine flu and since I wasn’t to the point of needing hospitalization yet they sent me home and ordered me to see my GP as soon as possible. I was seen the next day and my doctor gave me some shots and some prescriptions and told me to come back in a week. I did so and I was feeling better and blood tests showed I had developed a strong immunity to the virus. I gave consent for a massive blood draw so they could send it to the CDC to be studied.
Glad you survived. So many people don't know that we can indeed get diseases from animas and vice versa (not saying you don't, just that may humans don't understand that point) and sometimes when humans get a zoonosis, it can be worse in us than in animals.
7:21 Missed opportunity to say "we need to address the human in the room."
Human! Bird! Pig! by your powers combined I AM SWINE FLU!
Way underrated comment! Lol!
Man-bird-pig flu!
Mega Man in virus form.
And they all me Captain Pignet!
Where's the damn El-Gore when you need him?!
12:36 The average player's Plague Inc. playthrough where they make the disease as contagious as possible but also harmless
there should be more games where u can whipe out humanity. Anyway the sequel riot was a big disappointment... u get to lead the assholes of governments and UN instead of organizing riots. Shame on the developers.
I get total organ failure within 50 days when I play nanovirus
Even Greenland was fine
So true
Fully unbound mutation via symptomatic increase, and environmental resistance leads to some fun sit back and watch scenarios in that game. I meant from zoonotic spread not symptomatic. Haven’t played in awhile.
Human : *gives some pigs some flu*
Pig: Right back at ya,buckaroo
Oh swine flu how I miss you... A pandemic with only 5,000 deaths...
At this point I think there have been single days with that death toll.
Animals really pulled the reverse uno card
We deserve this corona. There’s videos online of farmer burning pigs alive because they have an illness (that we may have given to the poor piggies.)
I was exposed to marine TB from my fishtank, and attempting to explain my situation to the advice nurse hotline was... Embarrassing
How did you manage to contract it from your fishtank?
@@migueljardim8177 There's bacteria naturally present in some tropical fish tanks that can cause the fish to get sick and give humans skin lesions - I had bought a handful of new fish, and they were unfortunately infected. I didn't end up contracting it, but cleaning the tank from that incident was a real pain. If you'd like to learn more I recommend looking up "Fish tank granuloma!"
A future video should be over how or why animals decide where they use the restroom
FBI that’s unnecessary. Also your correction left out his question of WHY they choose the places they do.
when pigs fly or flu
@@thinkabout602 hahahaha
Ferrets like to back up into a corner to do the do. I'm guessing so they can eviscerate their enemies safely while they do.
@SigmaTauri2 somehow this response was necessary
Golly I remember swine flu, I couldn't move for two solid weeks in high school. "Convulsive shivers" is really the only way I really know how to describe it.
#2 H1N1 also caused several illnesses and deaths among cats and dogs who picked it up from their owners. It is the only flu variant we know of (that's a huge caveat) that we can pass on to them, but you should always be cautious with your pets when you have an infectious disease! #PSA
Good to know! Thanks.😁🐶🐶🐱
And don't buy meat from factory farming. Most of zoonotics come from livestock.
@@ASBlueful Yes via humans who work closely with the *living* hosts, note the operative word there is living steaks at the supermarket are not living the main vector are agricultural workers that work in close quarters with the livestock while they are alive.
@@seraphina985 ok but tbf if i was alive during the mad cow disease outbreak i would not be eating meat full stop
@@siilverREAL True, prions are different to viruses in this regard. While viruses they are not living organisms able sustain their own reproduction without a living host either they are often very stable. Unlike viruses meaning they don't necessarily need to do so in order to remain able to cause viable infection for an extended period post mortem.
"Don't vaccinate the gorillas! They'll get autism!"
Yeah, this is gonna be a fun time indeed. Thanks for giving us a new power move against antivaxxers. This will be absolutely hilarious! x'D
The bigger problem is that blanket animal testing banning means that new vaccines and medicines for animals can't be developed.
Made me laugh!
an autistic gorilla would be a fascinating case study
This is not unknown. People just don't talk about it.
Antivaxxers are dirty bad toilets.
Fun fact: ferrets can catch influensa, and are therefore often used in research for flu vaccines.
How is that a fun fact?
@@cheesypies5166 ferrets are of the animals affected by influenza the most similar to humans in regards to lung physiology, cell reseptor distribution and clinical symptoms. The ferrets model has helped us a lot in understanding how seasonal influenza transmissibilty via respiratory droplets happen, and how avian flu spreads between humans, because the effects are very similar in ferrets. They also help us find out which strains are most likely to cause an epidemic or pandemic each year. I just think it's pretty cool that these cute domestic weasels are so similar to us and help prevent thousands of deaths each year :)
Although I don't think animal testing generally is very ethical, so I'm glad were mostly using cell models and others things now, but transmissibilty via respiratory droplets can't really be replicated in a petri dish, so I'm grateful to our ferret friends. At least they're being used for something more important than most test animals, majority of which are used for testing cosmetics and other non-essentially items.
Vivisection is disgusting. There are voles literally dying from thirst because people cant even be bothered to see them as living beings long enough to give them WATER. it's a sad and horrible fact not a fun one tou nutbag.
cool information
We’re glad that Lyme disease is getting more national attention (we’ve been talking about it for a while now!), and that actual progress is being made in terms of diagnosing and treating the condition. It remains to be seen how effective this new process is in practice, but we’re cautiously optimistic.
My father taught college biology and in the 1970's he explained a bit about China and viruses that infect humans.
He said viruses grow and mutate in basically 3 different hosts; pigs, poultry, and people.
What are some of the world's biggest populations of pigs, poultry and people? China.
You also need a lot of proximity between them for the virus to go from one to another
Fred Gotpub so high capacity industrial farms where animals are as close together as possible, with people having to be in the same air as potentially sick animals all day. The entire planet is a viral time bomb
@@juliankirby9880 The difference is, in China more people are exposed due to live animals markets in the cities. In China you buy a pig and butcher it yourself.
Boy this comment was prophetic
@@allangibson8494 there is a butcher shop in San Francisco's Chinatown that sells live poultry, too. I'm sure there are plenty of others, but I had a neighbor who actually bought chicken there, so it's the first one I thought of.
As a scientist developing new vaccines and therapeutics for influenza (specifically 2009) and measles I'm frustrated that we are not addressing one of the root causes of these pandemics that is animal agriculture or other forms of animal abuse. I showed this video to my fellow scientists at work as we always discussed the issues surrounding animal agriculture. Thank you very much for addressing this issue.
Thank you for pointing this out. It's like we are trying to engineer a virus to take us out, but as long as it's in the name of making money it's cool.
Omg the horror of Seagulls with the runs near a parking lot...
Every!!! winter in Southeast Alaska seagulls got the runs!
I think elephants have my favorite zoo noses.
Good pun! ^_^
Marry my daughter
Well done sir, well done 👏
ba-dum tish!!
I'm surprised he didn't discuss the case of koalas getting chlamydia. Then again I really don't think I want to know how the heck that happened
Feces from sheep but that makes you wonder how the sheep got it...
Jokes aside some strains can live in the environment
Damn sheepshaggers--> sheep feces--> sheep crap covered koalas probably.
@@eyb0sswelcometothericefiel752 That's hilarious!!! Soooo laughing!!!!
Ironically watching this during the covid-19 outbreak in March that is suspected to come from bats or pangolins.
it probably was in a bat first then in a pangolin then we got it
Why is nobody calling COVID-19 bat flu? There was swine flu, bird flu and mad core disease. Okay, technically COVID-19 isn't a flu. Bat bug maybe? 🤔
@@myscreen2urs yeah exactly this isn't a flu, flus are much more complex viruses that been around for years but keep mutating from factory farming
this is a very basic virus, why we don't call it "bat virus" or "pangolin virus" is because last time we did that "swine flu" people got confused and started killing pigs in brutal ways which actually could make another flu mutate again, like if everyone starts killing bats that are in nature we will definitely see more viruses because these things happen when animals are under high stress
before we use to name flus and viruses after places also but then people would start being racist to that population lol
so now we name things the name of the virus + the year it came along
so yeah there are actually very good reasons for the naming scheme that is being used
Neon by that logic since it’s called corona virus in Spanish corona means crown so in a way people might get confused and fear Spanish lol
@@neonlost I guess that makes sense. We are becoming increasingly more and more politically correct. Which is a good thing in this case. It hasn't stopped some people spouting prejudice towards the Chinese, the bats and the Chinese bats. Chinese bats get it the worse.
6:03 Great. Now I wanna see an all-elephant rendition of BOTH _La bohème_ and _RENT._
7:22 you missed an opportunity to say "We need to address the human in the room"
Weird hearing about the swine flu again. I remember my school closed for a week. It was a strange experience for my 10 year old self. I thought it was the plague 2.0
And now all schools are closed indefinitely for the new coronavirus pandemic lmao
Ended up not being indefinite. Me and the hubs r both home sick with Corona virus. And it sucks. It just won't go away..
It's just crazy how the survival of certain species depends on us making speckticals out of them. But thank you for sharing this information. I had no idea that we could spread infections to animals. I mean I knew that we could get sick from them but yeah, I had absolutely no idea that we could pass it on to them. Thank you for making this video. I love your channel. I always walk away after watching your videos having learned something that I never knew before. I'm always learning new stuff from your videos, so again, thank you.
Most plague-level diseases are the result of Zoonosis. Most disease vectors evolve to multiply in a way that is sustainable so as not to kill off their host, but if it evolved in a cow (like smallpox did), what it does to make a cow a little sick utterly destroys a human. Viruses & bacteria have a hard time jumping species, but major cities for most of history were basically the perfect environment for those rare species-jumps to occur & for the plague to spread, die down & flare up repeatedly as people and working animals lived in close proximity and high density.
We ourselves are animals, I know a lot of Western societies tend to either overlook that fact or purposely dismiss it because of a superiority complex.
@@cwillis92 you're right. I definitely do forget that we are animals too. It's pretty easy to forget because most times when we refer to them or us, it's usually things said that makes us believe that we are totally different than animals. Thank you for reminding me and others that we are indeed animals as well.
Us making spectacles of them and putting them in zoos does not continue their survival. It simply makes us feel better about our utter destruction of their habitats and lets us pat ourselves on the back for giving them a "secure environment"
This topic and its coverage were fantastic. This channel is always so far ahead of everything like it.
3:53 "And then they also managed to catch bird flu." Lol Hank's irritated tone of voice. Gosh darn idiot pigs... Catching _bird_ flu...
I was sure someone would reference the John Oliver Koloa Chlymidia Ward
It might not be the same species of chlamydia. Psittacosis (parrot sponsors) is also caused by a chlamydia, but it's not the STI.
The TB one is interesting, because theres indication wooly mammoths had TB as well...
This was uploaded mere months before Coronavirus
All of your disease videos are being recommended
David Cobb same
@@FLHerbologistLaura every disease videos being recommended now! LOL
yea its the right time
Watching this during a global pandemic does change my perspective.
definition - culled
: (of an animal) selectively slaughtered.
And?
@@jasper3706 I think they were just clarifying for people who might not be aware of the meaning.
k.
WTF is an unvaccinated investigator working at the NHI??
He is the smart one.
They may have had a medical reason to not be vaccinated.
Maybe they were vaccinated; a certain percentage of people just don't respond to vaccination.
Statistically way more likely that they weren't vaccinated due to medical exemption or immuno-compromised, than not responding to the vaccine.
Captain Horatio Bungle III if you’re immunocompromised you shouldn’t be working there either lol
I have pet rats and as I understand it, If i am infected with strep, it is contagious to them and the could get very sick and Vice versa
Bacteria are often less picky than viruses, and will hop between species more easily.
@@mal2ksc I know! I caught syphilis from my parakeet and my wife doesn't believe me.
What's up with that?! ;-)
Aaww! Well, I hope you and your fur babies stay well! ❤️
You can also get “rat bite fever” from their saliva if they’re infected. But they are absolute dolls to own.
I used to have pet rats and mice so I was very careful around them if I was ill.
Oh ho ho ho, how the turns have tabled!
a n i m e
n
i
m
e
Boooo
Oh, just look at us now. Corona!
yea its very funny..
Hank you rock, I just keep watching show after show, I think I'm addicted? It's ok I love your show. Keep up the awesome programing. Thanks!
Speaking of humans giving animals diseases, I don't wanna know how those Koalas got Chlamydia.
Florida man took a trip down to Queensland.
hi Justin Y, you inspired me to comment on every video ever
"Pandemic Version" would be a good name for a metal band.
Whenever I heard the word Pandemic I think Pandamnit.
”And in some places, make people wear masks”
Yeah, good luck with that
wait... why is it called reverse zoonoses when its still literally one animal giving a disease to another animal?
Human exceptionalism
@@runeanonymous9760 Well, we are.
The definition of zoonatic is passed from non human to human
I had swine flu when I was 13. I was very sick. I didnt go to school for nearly a month. I started going back once I no longer had a fever but boy I still felt like death. I didnt eat for that near month, the first food I DID eat was burger kind.
I’ve heard of bovine tuberculosis, in cattle and deer. But I’d never heard of it in other animals.
Chris Frank sadly, lions and buffalo are suffering from it too 😢 it’s a huge problem in Southern Africa (especially Kruger National Park) 😬
Sees rockhopper penguin:
“Lovelace no!”
That was a great segue to the Nord sponsorship!
I'm a Final year Molecular biology student, this show is still teaching me 👀👏
I love how his shirt matches the background 😂
*Wears green shirt*
Colorful Pigeon hmmm maybe more of a cyan??
@@thesierra8936 he meant what if the guy is wearing a neon green shirt that got green screened
Blacktain Falcon ah I see... well I’m an idiot :-) I’m face palming about myself 😂🙈🤦🏻♀️
Hank is a terrific presenter!
Hanks my fave but they all do great jobs.
Head scientist: "Time to vaccinate the gorillas"
Rest of the scientists: "NOT IT!"
Damn, even Antarctica... Feels bad man
Skuas and giant petrols are fairly common off the coast of New Zealand. They definitely come very close to populated areas, sometimes just a few hundred meters from land and people.
Watching this in 2020 or after gives a whole new meaning to wearing masks to protect primates.
Stay safe and stay healthy.
I’m not gonna lie all of this was important information but I think that I’m going to start calling people I don’t like “disease reservoirs”
Thx
Ah, reverse zoonotics. When the sheep are afraid, you should be too.
I think SciShow, is the perfect place for this post. Your video starts with a Nord VPN app and it's skipped, because... I bought Nord VPN from the ads... at the same time you should still get credit from me skipping it. Ads from purchased products shouldn't show up anymore. How this would be accomplished, I don't know but you should get the revenue from the ads even if, we the buyers skip past them in the video.
I can't tell if his t-shirt is green like the green screen, or if it's really that color.
Why is this the thing my brain focused on?
I just realised why did he wear decide to wear it today?
He matches
That thumbnail artwork is SICK!!!😎
I was just talking about this with my sister yesterday!
And it's become known that tick bites not only transmit Lyme disease, they can also make a person allergic to the meat, milk, and other mammal-produced materials. (But the victims often recover after a period of time, and can eat burgers again.)
This is so damn interesting.
i allways love sci show videos. clicked so fast
Mini player is off for content made for kids tap play to resume
Triple reassortment. That must have what happened to my cousin when he got bit by a vampire, a werewolf, and a zombie at the same time.
I had a dose of Camphorbactor Jujuni while working at a chicken boning factory. Really bad runs for about 3 months and some bouts of sickness like food poisoning.
So nobody's gonna talk about the ball chin monkeys 9:34 that probably inspired Peter Griffin's character? Okay then.
About 2 months ago I had a bad postnasal drip and my cat had the sneezes at the same time. Not sure who infected who. Was a weird respiratory disease, not as bad a cold or flu, gone within 5 days.
You probally had the cronoavirus lol lame ass virus. The media is a virus too.
The RUclips algorithm really wanted me to watch this video. Thanks coronavirus
Yes, people think I am crazy when I mentioned this. It seems we are being fed information. Sometimes suggestions totally unrelated to our interests or searches 🤔🤷🏾♂️🧐
What's up with the pig tampon at 3:47? :o
A real eye opener! This "reverse zoonoses"should be discussed about more seriously now and be given priority as a topic in the media side by side with climate change and more so as an agenda for governments workdwide to focus on since this involves humans and other species that are currently getting affected. Who knows maybe it might not be an asteroid or nuclear disaster that will wipe out the entire human species but this rarely discussed "reverse zoonoses"that will kill us all. Even in the remote corners as discussed are getting affected because of tourism and researchers , unknowingly and unintentionally leaving human trails of viruses /bacterias to the detriment of the environment.
TB can also spread between humans, cows, deer, goats, cats, pigs, dogs and badgers.
Nice shirt
2:20 imagine when that was a weird concept.
2:15 Checking in from 2022: This is not how it would go
Watching this in 2022 hits different 😆
Specially the facemask and gorillas part 😆
I was just thinking about this the other day after coughing in my dog's face.
Well, this aged like fine wine
Interesting to watch this during the Covid-19 pandemic.
I gave my guinea pig a uri when i had one.. it wasnt pretty.. we both got treated.. but he died from old age a month later
Wait I thought that the human waste was carried out when people left Antarctica? That whatever poop people do is transported with them when they go back. Is this not true or is there a potential leak in the waste storage system?
Doubt that all those trawlers fishing in the Great Southern Ocean take their human-waste home with them!
@@MrWombatty fair point. But I am talking about those on Antarctica. As I thought the international rules about cleanliness there were rigorous.
@@DemitriVladMaximov There are regulations requiring removal of waste, but I'm not sure when they were enacted, & explorers & scientist were down there long before they were. Certain that no regulations exist to cover ships registered in places like Panama, Bahamas, & China, etc.
No mention of the John Oliver Koala Chlamydia Ward?
Chlamydia was intentionally spread to koalas?
@@courtneywoodbury5198 This line of thought is so wrong on so many levels. And I laugh at it.
@@rusdanibudiwicaksono1879 What line of thought? What are you even talking about? Chlamydia is a very real problem among the koala population.
@@courtneywoodbury5198 Because when most people heard about chlamydia, their first thought is not about the bacteria, but about this specific STD. That's including me, and my first response basically 'What the hell'.
And someone above had help me explained that chlamydia infection on koala isn't exactly spread by human on koala, but by koala contracting bacteria from sheep's manure. It never really involves human as pathogen host, one way or another.
This video is strictly about human pathogen infecting animal.
@@rusdanibudiwicaksono1879 Well gee, that's all you needed to say. There was no need to be abrasive.
I suddenly have a strange desire to find a wild pangolin and sneeze on it...
oh how the turned have tables.
I came here for this comment. 😂😂
2:27 I know things get a little tense when vaccines are brought up, but I have a genuine question and I think we are among friends here.
Do vaccines need to species specific? From my lay understanding of vaccines I would have thought they would be the same. How does the rabies vaccine given to dogs differ from the one given to humans? How would the metapneumovirus vaccine for gorillas differ from the human one?
I’m assuming it’s different based on how the animals immune system works and because the goal is to train the immune system to fight off diseases. Also pretty sure human rabies vaccines are mostly after post exposure and animal ones are pre exposure.
@@nicholaslewis8594 Yes, but what does that entail? If vaccines work by exposing the immune system to an inactive or attenuated or fragments of a pathogen or toxoid, what part of that would need tailoring to the species?
Of course different species get vaccinated for different pathogens or strains of pathogens, my question concerns cases where it is the same pathogen like the case given here.
No, I just got a rabies shot earlier this year before traveling.
There are different types of vaccines which work in different ways, and which one is used and whether one can be created at all depends on the disease and how it affects the body. There are actually no metapneumovirus vaccines yet, just ones that are in development (and I believe have been proven to be effective), but to develop a vaccine for gorillas would probably require a lot of testing on the effects it had on their bodies and how they fight it off, and obviously they'd probably need to tailor the dose. It would probably be easier than developing a new vaccine from scratch, but still pretty difficult and expensive.
@@jasper3706 Yes I'm just curious to what those differences would be. Is it just a matter of dosage?
For the last one, cargo ships dumping wastewater tanks and carrying water from region to region as ballast would pretty much explain it.
Dw, mother Earth pulled a uno reverse card on us 2020
the timing of this video omg
Bats to humans: covid-19
Humans to bats: uno reverse
The yellow fever leaped from monkeys to humans in Africa, was brought to the New World by the Atlantic slave trade and has recently jumped from humans to New World monkeys, in a transcontinental zoonotic-reverse zoonotic case
There's a name for these - anthroponosis. Herpes simplex 1 - the cold sore virus for us - is actually a pretty terrifying disease for your marmoset, causing severe CNS disease and eventually death..
I wonder if that's how the Spanish Flu got so bad, we started it and animals kicked it up a few notches before it made it back to us.
Animal: i'm gonna make you sick
Human: NO U
animal: no u
The "swine flu" almost killed me. It, directly and indirectly, caused so much damage to my body that it took over two years to mostly fully recover. I never did fully recover to my previous self. The typical flu virus only makes me slightly sick for maybe 2-4 days tops. The swine flu was something my body just couldn't handle apparently. I was sick for three weeks. Couldn't eat. Couldn't walk (too weak). Ran a rather high fever the entire time.
2:20 good luck with that
I thought the antarctic birds/bacteria one was super interesting. However, could it also be possible that C. jejuni and Salmonella are just part of their normal flora? We know that humans often get C. jejuni from poultry, and S. enteriditis from chicken. Wouldn't be a hard jump to also assume these bacteria colonize other bird species, right?
I was just thinking abt this earlier
Ok. I can’t stop staring at at hanks blue shirt. It blends with the background making him look like his heads cut off...
Interesting.. I suddenly feel urge to play Plague Inc. .
Anyone else notice that Hank matched the background color to his shirt color?