I remember learning factorial in high school. The teacher had a deck of cards and was just shuffling it. She stopped, offered the deck to the class, and asked: "Does anyone else want to make history?"
I remember when we started talking about exponentials in Alg 2, my teacher asked how many times you would need to fold a piece of paper which was 0.0032" thick for the paper to reach some height. It turned out somewhere in the 50s the height of the folded paper is tall enough to reach the sun.
I like to imagine that somewhere, at some time perhaps a weekend poker session a group of friends in Omaha, NE on August 24, 1957 some guy broke out a deck of cards.. riffled it a few times then promptly shuffled the deck into the exact same order someone in 1886 in Marseilles France did -despite the infinitesimal but non-zero odds. He then promptly started dealing the cards never knowing the monumental feat he just accomplished.
Yeah this video assumes the deck is in a truly random order. But in real life decks come in a preset order and most people don’t shuffle enough to sufficiently randomize the deck. So the odds of a not-perfectly-shuffled deck of cards being in the same order as another are much better, and perhaps it’s happened quite a few times, maybe even with some regularity.
So if everything thing is unique nothing is unique. Lol. Jokes aside i wonder when something stops being unique. The only thing that is not unique imo are concepts or something like that. Zero is the same everywhere and maths is the same everywhere as well i think.
When we consider all those life experiences he mentions at the end that are different for each and every one of us, is it any wonder people convince themselves they have free will. When really they just have an infinitely complex life that the brain evolved to attempt to make sense of, leading us all to do that what we do at any and every given moment in time.
A great quote I once read about this, it totally blew my mind: Say that there exists 10 Billion people on every planet, 1 Billion planets in every solar system, 200 Billion solar systems in every galaxy, and 500 Billion galaxies in the universe. If every single person on every planet has been shuffling decks of cards completely at random at 1 Million shuffles per second since the BEGINNING OF TIME, every possible deck combination would still yet to have been “shuffled”.
Assuming that was true it would take 35176(.4631648) times the age of the UNIVERSE to shuffle every card combination assuming each shuffle was a unique deck
@@ambermoon1341 a shuffle should be something random, so I wonder how much it would take on average to do all possible decks if each shuffle was random
@@seand0112 technically there is no such thing as largest known number as you will always know a bigger one by just adding 1. I didn't previously know of this but from a quick Google search it's the biggest named number (clearly defined). This description may not be accurate/fully correct but certainly better than yours :)
@@beziimusic, yes, that's the point we are trying to make. 1000 x 1 million = 1 billion. but how do you help people understand that order of magnitude when they haven't really encountered that.
@@TheOiseau you got that right. For every physical/mental flaw we can focus on, in general we never see the beauty of how they make us unique. Some flaws suck more than others, but they all make us stronger when used correctly. The people we are today won’t be the same people tomorrow. It’s up to us to find the positivity in our lives and thrive on the lessons we learn about ourselves and others. Science rulez!!!
Fun Fact: You'd have to win the Powerball lottery jackpot approximately 286 times in a row to surpass the rarity of the number of unique combinations in a standard deck of cards.
@@log.c Yes, but also not really. To win the lottery is rare. To win the lottery twice is extremely rare. To win the lottery 3 times is practically impossible. Now do that 286 times. That's pretty much literally impossible thus aiding to how 52! is basically infinite for all we care
@@log.c Winning the lottery multiple times is an astronomically rare event, and the number of possible unique outcomes increases exponentially with each additional draw or trial.
@@tapsil.mcgeee lol no, I just always said factorials as though they were and actual exclamation. Apparently they carried it on and annoyed their teachers with it for the next three years until they all graduated. Proud of them.
It reminds me of being a kid, staring off into space with a friend and talking yourself into the possibility of the infinite. Strange as it may sound, my child like wonder made it magical and my 52 year old self begins to fear the terror implied.
It feels like the more we understand the world, the scarier it becomes. Not due to us learning about the dangers, which are many, but simply because at this scale and with so much happening _everywhere,_ nobody would ever care about something as insignificant as a human some 70 years after they're gone - not even a blink of an eye in the scale of the universe. But this can lead to another conclusion. The more insignificant we know we are in the grand scheme of things, the more significant we become on a personal level, to each other. When no big things can ever be approached by you, you have a blank cheque of time to do the little things for those who would appreciate it. And even if we're not remembered down the line, what matters is we are here, and while we know nothing about people before us, we know they were there. Humanity's legacy is your legacy, and look how far we've come.
My second grade teacher wanted to know how much a million really looked like, so she decided to collect a million of something. The pull tabs off drink cans are plentiful, pretty small, and lightweight, so she started collecting those. All of her students and their families saved every tab and brought them in. Pretty soon, every class in the school was contributing, too. Obviously we weren't going to actually count all of them, so we started weighing them. It took a few years, but eventually she had a million drink-can tabs, and we all developed a better sense of just how big a million of something really is.
@@rushthezeppelin This was 20 years ago, and she finished a few years after I was in her class, so I don't remember all that well. I think it took up around 3-5 large moving boxes (roughly 1 meter on a side). But maybe I remember the boxes as being larger than they were because I was smaller back then.
There’s a book a read as a child called the number devil about a kid who has dreams about math and all the concepts had weird names. Factorial was “vroom”. So like “52 vroom”. It’s a good book
Beautiful concepts and dialog. The scalar field of the water molecules was a great idea and I want to show this to my kids to introduce them to fields. Great job, you’re a beautiful genius.
@@masterhacker7065 I myself am afraid of the Monster. But oddly, we can associate conceivable structure with numbers this large, somehow making a bond with it. Plus I like horror flicks.
There is much that RUclips has to offer for real learning... You could list educational resources for them to use & ask your kids to use device presentation platform to share with you (keeping up on skills can be family fun)
I don’t know who you are, or what your life has been like to bring you to the place where you create these videos and share them freely with the world, but I can say I am truly thankful for YOU. The world - my world - is a better place with you in it. Thank you.
Google estimates the amount of atoms in the milky way to be 2.4×10^67. This is roughly 1/3 of the amount of ways a 52 deck of cards can be arranged. Decent way to attempt to visualize 52!
@@logan6232 except, here's the thing. You clearly don't understand so I'll explain it to you. People do generally all look the same except for a couple major differences like color, hair, and height. All just different options, like paint, trim, wheels, that make us slightly different but still essentially the same. All people more or less sound the same, too. "But Language." Speech is a collections of sounds that everyone can make. Someone's got a deep voice? There's an option for that. If the internet has taught us anything it's that if you like something you can find someone else who did too. But realistically, how different does that make us? You see two Camerys diving down the street can you tell which one has been smoked in? Who uses the better oil? What the octane of gas they have? How much air is in the tires? And we all do the she shit. We eat, sleep, shit, and die. Anything beyond that is philosophical. But hey, the same car can "do" a bunch of different things like commute, long haul, or race So tell me, how different are you really from every other person on earth?
@@Dr.Spatula We may be only slightly different but in the end, no one is identical to someone else. Isn't that enough for you? If not, then it's just matter of perspective.
I sometimes forget how math is phenomenal when you start connecting it to the world around you... And, by the way, the words you said at the end and the whole video itself is phenomenal, gives you some thoughts to think on.
Agreed. Here's something you may find interesting (though the video is no longer available, the quantum base of reality exhibiting the golden ratio is an established scientific fact): soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-270522172558-13271555.png
I mean... Kind of. But to be fair, infinity is a concept, not a number. Literally every number has no value compared to infinity because you quite literally cannot calculate it. I could take one hundred million factorial, and it would still mean nothing next to infinity (and conversely infinity would mean nothing next to it) since I'm comparing apples and oranges.
I did NOT see that coming! I've been thinking about scale and orders of magnitude for quite a while, and you just shed light to a whole new perspective. Thank you for making this video unexpectingly motivational!!
This level of scale reminds me of a fever dream I had when I was younger. I was trying to accomplish something and I suddenly realized that my odds of success were in this magnitude and it was terrifying beyond belief for some reason..
Your brain attempts to protect you from trauma. So when you encounter a topic like this, the mind stresses in trying to rationalise it and when it can't, the 'fear' you felt is a defense mechanism. Its like the theory that God has no beginning and no end, has always and will always be. When you truly try to rationalise it, it gets freaky.
I had a similar dream once as well. I was running towards something, but it kept gradually getting farther away. It got to a point where the running became sinking, and the object was becoming a sphere in a dark and almost depressing darkness. I could never reach it, but it also was never quite out of sight. I didn't wake up from this dream, nor was I ever scared of it. But now as an adult, it's a bit unnerving to think I had that dream on multiple occasions. Cause that dream certainly is how it feels some days.
@@Frizzable yeah. Just you shouldn't show as if these small channels are just sprawling over YT Recommendations. And you just click them because you have been fed up from them. It just seems disrespectful. His content is fabulous. It deserves attention.
In short: You are incredibly unique, there will only ever be one of you. But somehow, despite everything, you will never be more unique than the order of a deck of cards. How you use this information is up to you.
well, nyes you are too rare for the universe to lose you and you will never find another exact copy of you no matter how long you keep on searching for...
Being a scientist myself I can still only say: This clip is probably one of the best on the whole plattform. It's pretty difficult to connect statistical probabilities to average Joe's perception of life, and still here you not only succeed in this, but also manage to make it an easy entry into a philisophical concept. Even though I could do those numbers myself I never realized that the permutations of a card deck vastly outnumber those things we usually see as infinite (or random). We can only admit our insignificance and lack of wisdom when we already fail at realizing the complexity of a card game. Sorry for spelling errors - English is not my native language.
For someone who’s not a native English speaker you conveyed your thoughts very elegantly. Had you not mentioned it nobody would have noticed. Quite honestly your grammar and vocabulary are better than the majority of native speakers myself included lol.
I can understand that probably unnecessary apology all too well. English isn’t my native language, too, and especially if you tend to be careful with your words, there is always this slight insecurity. English has so many idiomatic expressions that I‘m always afraid of making an unintended pun. And because we (in Germany) were taught British English, but I see American English every day, I am really confused about the spelling sometimes. And - as you may have recognized already - I have no clue about commas and just put them where they would be in German ;-)
Vsaud did a video about it too. And it was mind boggling. Like take one step every million years and then when you circle the earth remove one drop of water from the pacific ocean and then once the pacific ocean is completely empty put a piece of paper on the ground and refill the ocean. And then once that stack of paper reaches the moon it will have been 52! seconds.
@@connman8d617 It's actually take a step at the equator every billion years, when you have circled the earth take one drop of water from the Pacific Ocean, repeat,when you have emptied the Pacific Ocean place one sheet of paper on the ground, magically refill ocean and repeat until the stack of papers reach the sun, now repeat the entire scenario 3000 times and you will now have used up 52 factorial seconds. It's on YT "Math Magic" at around 11:00 in.
@@thorfinsky1427 Thats still not close. After you have emptied the ocean, take one teaspoon of Mt Everest. Then put down the sheet of paper when Everest is flat. It is mental.
"Scientists have calculated that the chances of something so patently absurd actually existing are millions to one. But magicians have calculated that million-to-one chances crop up nine times out of ten." Terry Pratchett
Scientists are humans that could sell you a bag of shit and convince you that it is pudding. Science today is about concensus not facts, and that is the only reason that evolution, global warming, and uneducated people are sustainable.
When I was 3 or 4 and learning numbers, I was intrigued. I asked my dad what was the highest number and he answered "uncountable" How I marvelled at that word!!! He's gone now 11 years. Life is short. Don't try to find an answer. Life is not a "meaning" thing, it's a "happening" thing.
Mobius - Good advice. Humans worry "why?" while animals don't worry and just keep living as best as they can, no worries. The reason for life is in the living.
Well, your maths teacher is right. And that's why the very important caveat "as far as humans are concerned" was added. 52! and infinity are two very different things, but in any physical interpretations, they are basically the same thing (ie way more than anything we could count).
The difference is between actual mathematical implications and practical real world applications. The point is that the amount of unique combos in a deck of cards is so ludicrously vast that none of us can even comprehend it, again more than total number of protons and neutrons on all of planet earth
What's most amazing to me is of all these shuffles possible in the world, all the unfathomable maths and statistical analysis possible of 52! My opponents still find a way to have a winning poker hand every DAMN TIME WE PLAY
I learned card probability and applied it to video games to the point that I could sit in Atlantic city and play all day. I know Black jack players also trained by video games.
@@pattsw average weight of a grain, average grains in an area, extrapolated for the area we find sand on Earth. That's how I'd do it. But I won't. So truly, props to the dude who crunched the numbers; I'm sure it was exceptionally tedious.
Carl Sagan in his Cosmos series told us that a Google Plex is a number so large (not infinite) that you could not put it to paper and then stuff it into the known universe. Turns out there is more than one way to visualize huge numbers. All it takes is a big brain or a big imagination for all things numerical and you will find a near infinite way of describing really big number combinations. 52i is just one of them. A really mind blowing video, thanks for posting. Love this kind of content.❤
In the topic of absurdly large numbers. Graham's number also has this property of not fitting inside our universe. One might ask: 'How many digits does the Graham's number have?'. Well, The number of digits of Graham's number also wouldn't fit inside our universe.
Being a miserable sort I've always looked at it the other way. People pride themselves on being unique, but that's no more remarkable than shuffling a deck of cards, or even more dull, generating a UUID.
If the universe is truly infinite there's TONS of instances of you watching this same video with differences so miniscule, you couldnt even notice. So yeah, you exactly as you are is a once in a universe occurrence, but there's infinite versions of you exactly as you are right now, with just +1 or -1 cell.
I thought he was just really enthusiastic about 52 Edit: I've never been particularly into math, but dang. This video makes me appreciate numbers more. This is really cool.
Here is another way to visualize it, (from the sauce) so lets say you start a timer counting down from 52 factorial seconds, so in 52 factorial seconds the timer will end. so now lets see how long that is, first imagine you are standing on the equator. now stand there for 1 billion years, then take a single step foward. wait another billion years and take another one. eventually after countless years you walk across the entire earth and end up back ftom where you came from. so now after wslking acrosd the entire earth, take a single droplet from the pacific ocean and remove it. now continue this process intill you have completely drained the entire pacific ocean, now that you have done that, place a single piece of paper on the floor and put all the water back in the ocean. then continue the process, eventually your stack of paper will have reached the sun, now reset everything and do it 1000 times, and after all the time you still have 2/3 of the thr time on your countdown remaining.
When you talked about the snowflakes, I remembered an argument I had with someone that in order for no 2 snowflakes to be alike, there would have to be an intelligent force in the universe to prevent it. The other person was mistaking an amazingly low chance with an intentionally zero chance. 2 snowflakes CAN be alike, maybe even at the same time, but forget it... you won't find them.
Spot on Jamie. And possibly the same with humans and everything else in the observable universe if the universe is infinite. Which no one knows or probably ever will.
Like how two people can actually have matching DNA. The chances are like one in a billion. Well, there are seven billion people, so.... Or the mother and son who learned their DNA didn't match as being related. She gave birth to him. He was DEFINTELY her son. But it was just one of those things that are far beyond a reasonable doubt, even beyond an UNREASONABLE doubt yet still occur from time to time. The incredibly unlikely MUST still occur sometimes, else it'd not be unlikely it'd be impossible. That's why I reject the very premise of this video. I've heard that BS before: "it's impossible that two properly shuffled decks of cards would ever in human history result in matching sequence" It is MOST CERTAINLY NOT IMPOSSIBLE. We cannot call HIGHLY UNLIKELY things Impossible. It's not "infinite" from any perspective. Infinity is INFITELY greater than 52 factorial. it's INFITELY greater than 1000! One can segment any amount into an infinite number of parts. One can half something over and over again, long past the cows coming home, past the heat death of the universe, and still have half of some quantity remaining. So infinity exists between 0 and 1. Infinity exists between 0.5 and 1.0. But if there is a Plank's constant i think it's called - if there is a smallest possible unit, then things are not inifinite and infinity doesn't exist because t his is a simulation. A simulated universe with finite resources. Finite amount of pixels. A finite amount of atoms with a finite amount of energy so many we are in a sim
Depends on how you define "alike". Two snowflakes could be similar to the point where it'd be hard to tell them apart, but if you require them to be identical down to a quantum scale it's impossible.
I teach math, and everyday I learn something new that relates to math, and it really is just incredible. I love teaching Adult Ed and it really sucks to see how many people have had the joys of math ruined. My hope is that I've instilled a little joy with it as they learn it. I mean when you think of all the different things, like how the Fibonacci sequence leads to a spiral when you attach squares of each other with the size of the next number in the series and then draw a continuous curve it really is mindboggling. And those are probably the common ones that people know about. And when he started comparing things to try and get close to the number of 52! it really just shows how crazy things can be.
I'm from India. In our school life, maths was a race of who can solve diffential equations, complex vector problems and other stuff the fastest. I was bad at memorizing formulas, so trying to survive in that extremely competitive environment was a traumatizing experience. I gave up on my dreams of being a software engineer because I was too scared to sit in the competitive math exams you need to pass to be accepted into engineering.
As a kid I was always sad when someone or something died, as I knew I'd never really get to see that same version of that ever again. It wasn't the fact that I lost it, it's that I'd never get to experience with that very specific thing ever again. This video sums up my feelings of this.
7:00 Imagine an infinite universe. The odds of you existing twice are astronomically low, but not zero. So in an infinite universe an exact copy of you would exist infinitely often. Every choice you took in life, an exact copy of you would have chosen a different path, infinitely often. Numbers like 52! are very hard to imagine, but the concept of infinity is just insane, if you think about it.
@@charlesharrison4077 You can count past infinity, but you’d have to use „other“ infinities that are bigger. For example there are more numbers between 0 and 1 then there are natural numbers (1,2,3,4,5,…), but both sets are infinite. Our odds for existing twice however are finite, so they will happen infinitely often in an infinitely large universe.
People tend to forget how quickly multiplying by 10 makes things larger, 8x10^4 is a packed football game, 8x10^5 is city, 8x10^7 is a country, 8x10^9 is the global population, think about that big a difference is just 5 zeros, then do that 11 more times. The ratio of 8x10^59 to 8x10^64 is the same as the ratio of a football game to the global population, 8x10^59 is almost nothing, it's 0.00001 x. That's one cent to $1000
A more simple way to see how multiplying by 10 makes things way bigger 100000x10 is basically double it 200k double it 400k double it 800k make a new 200k and at it on
Humans aren't good at understanding exponent scales and numbers. 2 is pretty intuitive, it's just binary. Add a 0 to the right whenever you double the number. 10 is pretty intuitive, just add a 0 to the right whenever you decuple the number. Even though the numbers themselves are intuitive, the physical representations are impossibly hard to vidualize. Just coming up with original examples is hard 😅.
The video is a bit wrong though. Because it depends on the state of the cards when you shuffle and how you shuffle. For example. Are you talking about a new pack of cards? If so, then they start in the exact same order. So if you apply the exact same shuffling technique to the exact same brand new deck of cards then the odds are not as rare as 52!. So the video is misleading. The video is not addressing real life shuffling. But rather just the mathematical possible combinations of the cards.
This explains how the world appears to be utterly incomprehensible when you look close enough. You would think the whole thing would be chaotic randomness, but it's not.
@@imacmill well you would assume Bill Gates and the United Nations with their COVID planned agenda. However it’s much bigger there are lots of people in on it large corporations and governments trying to push agendas, big pharma, the elite ruling class sickos. “They” are the ones hiding behind the curtain the ones the general public doesn’t usually see the 1% that’s trying to control the rest of us. They believe in order out of chaos meaning they will create a problem then swoop in with their psychotic solutions as if they are here to save the day.
I love it when mathematicians who are involved with trying to understand the magnanimity of things, finish up with advising us to appreciate the universe for the wonder that it is.
I am amazed how far we have developed when I visit my family tree. I wonder will my descendants looking back be shocked & upset at the way we left the world.
I don't know why this reminded me of this. When I was in college in the early 90's, we were working in computer graphics. Digital videos were still kind of a new thing at least for broadcast purposes. At that time, one of my friends posited that, as we're working mostly in a format that was 640x480, we could reduce resolution to normal VHS quality which was roughly half that and still have a recognizable image. I'm not sure that was originally his idea, but anyway. Given those parameters, you can make the image greyscale with each pixel at a range of 0 to 256 (black to white), 320 pixels across and 240 pixels down. To a certain degree of recognition, you can calculate any image that can possibly exist ever for all time. Like literally since time started to when time will end anywhere in the universe on any planet in any galaxy anywhere, any situation, anything. It kind of put the Universe into a less than infinite position. Then we smoked another joint.
Your comment rminded me of this The library of babel is a short story about a library containing every single possible writable book. Most of them are gibberish but very rarely there is one that isn’t Anyways someone made a procedurally generated website off of that story, and there’s also a picture version. Currently on the internet is contained every possible image and every possible book
This is the greatest comment in the sea of comments on RUclips There is not any other comment as great as this one right here And RUclips has been out for a pretty long time with a pretty large amount of comments And yet, no one will ever make anything as great as this comment “You’re unique, just like everyone else” but you somehow took that paradox and solved it
@@saertal5212 Well, I wouldn't say contained. They're generated on the fly and then discarded. Storing all possible combinations would take lots of storage space, to say the least.
This is, no exaggeration, one of the most phenomenal videos I have ever watched on this platform. Incredible work, thank you from the bottom of my heart for this experience.
My absolute favourite way to put 52! into perspective is this: If Hawking radiation is true, 52! is just eight times larger than the lifespan of a stellar black hole in years.
@@purgedsoy9518 However, by comparison, the number of particles in the universe is _4066000000000x_ greater than 52! Really puts things in perspective.
@Mother Rab I was going to say 10 packs of cards can be arranged in 520! ways. But that's actually wrong because there are repeats (ten queens of hearts for example).
Is your first shuffle of a fresh deck of cards more likely to be an arrangement that someone else has come to before? Most people use the same method of shuffling, & most fresh decks of cards are in order.
Well starting with the same base as someone else, yes there is a chance but they meant a totally random deck shuffled will be something no one has seen
After the intro he says that there are obviously not infinite possibilities in deck shuffling, they are just "infinite" to our comprehension, we can remember that many possible outcomes so we just say "infinite". Rewatch the video
@@selfactualizer2099 that isn't really the issue. It's not about there being a finite number of possibilities but the starting condition. The video talks about a truly random deck getting shuffled resulting in a new truly random order. This comment however pointed out that a lot of things would have to be accounted for which just aren't in real life when actually shuffling a deck of cards. There's just certain techniques for example which potentially result in some results being more likely than others. But that would be way too much to cover in a short RUclips video like this and also a completely different topic. It's quite common to just put up some requirements for the employed model of the real life situation.
Adding onto this! "52!" is also just under 2^226 Modern computer security often involves using unique/unguessable 256 bit numbers for security. In order to correctly guess a 256 bit number just a single time, it would be the equivalent of shuffling a deck of cards (using truly good/random shuffling) until you managed to get the same outcome, not just twice, but twice IN A ROW, and then doing that 10^30 times over. 10^30 being similar to waiting for every single grain of sand on earth to shuffle for two same-outcomes in a row... a million times each, in series, not parallel. It's mind-numbingly impossible to guess these numbers with no additional information. (to the point where the only reasonable risk is worrying about someone breaking their way into a system to either find the number itself, or finding the method/seeds used to generate the number so they can recreate it), which isn't something any secure value length could protect against anymore.
Wouldn’t shuffling the desired deck twice in a row be (1/2^226)^2 = 1/2^452? This is much less likely than 1/2^256. Further, if all we do is shuffle until we get the same deck twice in a row, no matter what that deck is, the probability is just 1/2^226 because we’re only looking to match the previous deck. And where did 10^30 come from?
The perfect faro shuffle right out of the box is done by many cardist and collectors which would repeat the same order almost every time. After those first couple faros the odds just go infinite.
This wasn’t just extremely well animated and scripted (appreciated the multiple examples of scale and the arethmetic) but I left with a smile on my face from that good ass message. Also much more convinced superheroes may exist now
I once read a story in which the man who invented chess was invited by a king to his palace, and offered any reward he wants for creating such a beautiful game. The man asks the king to just give him grains of wheat. But since it is for his game of chess, he wanted the grains of wheat to be measured in such an order. For the first square of the chessboard, give him 1 grain of wheat. For the 2nd square, give him 2×1 grains of wheat. For the 3rd, give him 3×2×1 grains of wheat. And carry on in such a way until the 64th square of the chessboard. The king accepts and even ridicules him. Says that the sack of wheat will be sent to him by sundown. But it doesn't get sent for days. Finally, the king is informed by his subject that there isn't enough grain in the kingdom to give to the man. In fact, even if the whole earth was planted with wheat and farmed, there STILL wouldn't be enough grain to give to the man. Finally the king goes to the man's home humbled, and the man accepts him as his chess disciple.
small correction, it was 2^ (each square) every day, so 2 grains in day 1, 4 in day 2... 1024 grains in day 10, etc. by the time they got to the 20s it was impossible.
@@Mimi-vv9gz no. The story i read was aiming to teach the reader about factorials. While the version you have read is also certainly quite interesting, it is not the one i read.
I'm completely in agreement with @@Mimi-vv9gz I've also read a story of a mathematician who asked for the king to have a grain of wheat placed upon each square of a board with sixty-four total squares such that each square would double the number from the previous square By the time they got to half the board they would already be at 2 billion grains of wheat, which is the equivalent to the grains of sand enough to cover two sandy beaches. But even if you were to take every grain of sand on earth, you wouldn't be capable of meeting the mathematician's requirements. All in all, to meet those requirements you'd have to gather all the sand grains of two planets earth and make that the equivalent of wheat grains you'd have to give to the mathematician. That mathematician is said to be the creator of the chess game (but this seems more like a legend to me)
Chance is something we don't really understand. It is normal to be surprised that a small amount of cards can be arranged in so many different ways. In reality, we are constantly witnessing, in our daily lives, almost impossible coincidences. If we were surprised by all of them, we would hardly be able to keep our mouths shut.
Fun Fact: There are only about 10^82 atoms in the observable universe, still incomprehensible large, but it's start to become very small when dealing with combinations. Combinations is the key to creating big numbers.
Thank you. I've been having a bit of existential crisis after learning about the fate of the universe and physics in general. Your sentiment at the end made me feel better. So again thank you.
Best ending to a video I’ve EVER witnessed. That was completely unexpected and I’m so glad I stayed to the end. Thank you!! You know… sometimes you see people’s comments that say “I needed this today”, and it’s always seemed so cliche and cheesy. But on this day, I can’t believe I’m saying this - but I really did need this. So, thank you.
@@Perririri I once asked them if I was adopted and they replied in absolute disbelief: " Are you f&@king kidding?! NO you're no adopted, we would NEVER pick you on purpose!" Then they laughed and flicked their cigarette ashes at me. 🤡
The reason a deck of cards intuitively feels like it has less possibilities is because in most card games, you're dealt a hand of two or more cards. In some games, the whole deck isn't even dealt out. That allows for more deck configurations to result in the same game because, in many games, different cards are functionally identical. For instance, in poker, it doesn't matter which two aces you have, it only matters that you have two. Other games, like blackjack, assign the same value to each face card.
But also, if you think about it, if you account that every single game could have less cards, let’s say the full set of all cards 51, then account for every missing card by making 51 other decks of 51, then going to 50, you could end up with an even *bigger* number, by concluding every possible combination and every possible order with every possible number of unique numbers within the original set you can make using 52 cards. Not to disprove you, you’re completely right, but I just kinda thought about if everything, and I mean EVERYTHING you could make with 52 cards was calculated it becomes even MORE crazy I love math
@@kylequatier4408 I mean sure, but the point was that there is no inherent advantage to having, say an ace of clubs vs and ace of spades. Any combination of two aces is functionally identical pre-flop.
This is a great video! I enjoyed the ending too. I just wanted to talk about why it doesn’t really communicate how cards work in a practical sense. Games of cards don’t seem infinitely different for a few reasons, the first being that in most games you never deal the entire deck. Even if you do, each player ends up with more than one card. This hugely reduces the number of combinations of cards experienced in actual games, since for most games the order in which you receive the cards doesn’t matter - only the combination you end up with. That means for five specific cards you might get, there are indeed 5! combinations in which they are arranged, but they are all equivalent when you play your hand. Also, in games like poker for example, you rarely care which two of the four aces you have a pair of if that’s your best hand - so some combinations, while unique, don’t have unique value. It doesn’t make any difference to the player if their best hand one game is the three of Spades and three of Hearts which they received on their initial deal, or the three of Diamonds they got in the initial deal plus the three of Clubs they picked up when replacing cards. And if you get those two deals two games in a row… This all means that the number of possibilities in actual card games is still very big - hugely big enough to grant variety - but not nearly as virtually infinite, which is why some card games can still feel “samey”.
If we truly understood this, we could say "Let me show you a magic trick", then shuffle a deck of cards, and say "This order has never ever been on earth in any shuffle ever"... Now that's magic
arsenic1987 - I can better that comment, humans created that card deck here on Earth, so that shuffle "Has never ever been in any deck in the entire existence of the universe"... Now that is BIGGER magic.
@@carlchapman4053 I like it =) The sheer awe of big numbers is astounding. Did you for example know that if you took EVERY possible rubix cube position and layed them out next to each other on the surface of the earth, the amount of cubes would reach 300 cubes high everywhere, and only six of them would be a completely solved cube. (6 because you can look at a solved cube 6 ways). This is if the cube was 6x6x6cm. And this is ONLY counting the possible permutations, cause if you take out a piece of a cube and flip it, it cannot be solved. Is this BIGGER magic to be able to solve one in 5 seconds? :P Edit: correction, 6x4 solved cubes. So 24. Each side you look at can be rotated 4 ways. So 24 of all would be "solved".
The problem I have with this, is that the concept of a shuffle is too loose. As well, he changed the explanation midway through. It went from this position never having existed before, to your likelihood of shuffling a deck once and arriving at a predetermined order. The latter isn't really that hard to fathom as being excessively, astronomically unlikely. Also, the shuffling bit is a red herring. Ask someone to make up a list of all 52 cards, and if they match the list you wrote down in advance, they win 100bucks, but if they don't, they lose 10bucks... See if you get any takers
@@drebk isnt it more like the odds are huge but it is possible. Just as person to buy a winning powerball ticket their first time and win the jackpot. Big odds but possible.
@@brucemiller1696 kind of. But the Powerball doesn't require a specific order to be called in advance in order to win. If it did, the odds of winning would be astronomical. And instead of somebody winning it (lots and lots and lots of plays occur per draw), you'd see nobody winning it. Ever. Which would make it a bad lottery. Matt Parker of Stand Up Maths did a good video on shuffles and results. If I recall, if you take any standard issue new deck of cards, perfectly shuffling it 4 times, and cutting it anywhere, will give you a perfect bridge draw. Every single time. So the real issue is the starting condition of the deck, and what you mean by shuffle. There are different kinds of shuffles and different kinds of deck starting conditions
Absolutely fantastic, beautiful video! You have achieved the connection of maths-sciences-cognition and philosophy, and on top beautifully humanizing the concepts, making it all easy to understand! Congratulations! What a triumph!
You can't say with absolute certainty that the exact sequence of shuffled cards has never existed before, because the concept of randomness precludes evenly-distributed probabilities. It is very likely that any shuffled deck of cards will contain a sequence that has existed many, many times before, while other sequences have never existed and may never exist (unless intentionally constructed, of course.) Truly random events have a tendency to appear clustered (though the clustering is coincidental and thus not true clustering), contrary to humans' expectations that random events ought to be evenly dispersed. Furthermore, cards are packaged in a non-random order and most people are terrible at shuffling.
now stuff like this is the type of comments that should be recognized it is true, because the probability of something *not* happening decreases exponentially as the activity is repeated but you see, the probability of you getting the same deck of cards is so unbelievably(seriously) low, that even after millions of exponential decreases, it is still pretty unlikely to to get the same deck. the probability of getting the same deck after n attempts is 1-((1-1/52!)^n) after a million attempts, the probability of getting the same deck in your attempts is pretty much zero. after 10 million shuffles and checks, its still pretty much zero. skipping to a billion tries, your probability of getting the same deck at least once in all of your attempts would be approx 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012397% your probability of getting the same deck at least once in a trillion attempts would be slightly higher; at a whopping 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001%(it has 3 less zeroes) to get so yeah, it should be pretty certain that there has never ever been the same deck in the history of mankind. ever. p.s. for you to be somewhat guaranteed of a same deck, you have to go through a duovigintillion(69 zeroes after 1) attempts(its the first power of 10 where this amount of attempts would guarantee a success chance of over 90%)
Is there such thing as true randomness? Clustering would imply that there is some kind of bias therefore with the right information it is predictable. True randomness should have an even distribution that scales to infinity.
@@diht wouldn't 52! + 1 attempts guarantee the deck being sorted the same way as at least one time before? At some point there's just no options left for the order in which the deck can be in. Like the number you mentioned in your ps 10^69 is higher so it's not at 90% but guaranteed to get repeating patterns. Actually there'd have to have been a lot of repeating already at this many attempts. :)
This video reminds me of Watchmen: “And yet, in each human coupling, a thousand million sperm vie for a single egg. Multiply those odds by countless generations, against the odds of your ancestors being alive; meeting; siring this precise son; that exact daughter… Until your mother loves a man she has every reason to hate, and of that union, of the thousand million children competing for fertilization, it was you, only you, that emerged. To distill so specific a form from that chaos of improbability, like turning air to gold… that is the crowning unlikelihood. The thermo-dynamic miracle.”
Fancy but ultimately pointless, there’s just as many possibilities for the piece of shit my dog took this morning, no dog will ever take the same shit for the remaining lifetime of the universe, so what? One pile of dog shit is practically the same as any other regardless of the exact arrangement of its atoms.
Whatever changes at any step of the way you will always just be you looking at the odds of being you retrospectively. You may be a different you, but still just you. There was no intention involved at any stage to produce the you you are now. Odds are irrelevant without intention. You may even go on to have children but you don't select one specific sperm and expect that sperm to fertilise one specific egg. You don't predetermine the chromosomes you desire for your children and then try for that combination. You just go through the motions that allow the process to happen then there is another person to ponder the odds of their existence. Even if you could get down to a specific number it's just a number without meaning because whatever that number is here you are. Just you. Just like me.
Thank you my friend. For me- this video, and comments like yours confirms my faith . My belief that there is no way possible that I, you and everyone who exists, will exist or has existed...is random . Each and everyone of us is unique and is valuable beyond measure . We are as different as night is to day . It is terrible that so many never come to this understanding . Never know their value , their potential .
It’s funny to say 52 is my lucky number, and I have been looking for its meaning for so long, it’s crazy how in so many random videos that there are on RUclips, they had to recommend me this one.
There are 2 small issues I have with the maths in this video: 1) You seem to be claiming, at the start, that the odds of you shuffling a deck in the same way anyone has ever done so in history is 1/52!. This is not true- this is the odds that I shuffle a deck in a specific way, not that no one has ever done that before. This will shave off several orders of magnitude (but will still result in a large number). However, one bonus thing I'm interested in, is if we consider the chances that 2 deck of cards have ever been shuffled in the same way- this would have to use the probability formulas we use in the Birthday Paradox. I'm not sure on what this number would be, but I imagine it would still be orders and orders magnitude more likely than 1/52! 2) Technically, 52! Is closer to 0, or any number you can write, than it is to infinity, so if you say its close enough to infinity, maybe not (very pedantic)
An quite important point is it should not be assumed that the decks are shuffled perfectly. Many players split the deck only at about 15 points, which isn't enough to make predictions useless. Before the shuffling some (or most) of the cards were arranged in an order depending on the rules of the game. This isn't important for some games (like poker), but in other games it can be ridiculously predictable. (like 50% chance to guess a card after playing solitaire, shuffling a bit and seeing the previous card)
This is truly a phenomenal video. I absolutely adore what beautiful themes and messages a seemingly mundane large number might hold. Also yeah, maximum possible permutations of things is truly an amazing subject to learn and talk about. Things such as a total number of permutations for a Rubik's cube, Chess or in this case, a deck of cards are incredibly interesting both from a theoretical and practical standpoints. My favorite example of insane possible permutations is undoubtedly The Library of Babel- The maximum possible permutations of any given book with any given characters, also known as the incomprehensible number that is over 10^5000
Not even close. "Any given book with any given character" is literally infinite. Even the number of books with only the letter "A" is infinite, since you could have a book for A, a book for AA, AAA and so on... There is no upper limit to the length of the book. Allowing more letters doesn't even make the infinite larger, because it's already infinite.
Brilliant stuff here ! I especially liked the part where you told about the thoughts you had on the bus. Often there are times when I see an object and I wonder, 'from conception to finished product, how many people are involved with making that thing'. This is an awesome video, thank you !
"There are virtually infinite possible ways to shuffle a deck of cards, yet solitaire still becomes a bit samey after a few games"
That's because the computer doesn't really make random numbers.
@@bigsteve6729 solitaire is a card game, you dont have to play it on your pc 👀
@@TarDeisa this made me laugh way to fucking much.
What kind of mofo plays solitaire without a computer
@@TarDeisa ok but who do you know that plays solitaire without a computer
Start with some interesting fact about playing cards, ends being profoundly touching.
Just like a creepy uncle.
True. My state of mind while watching 😐🧐🤔😳😲😧🥺😌😊
until you realize that the universe being practically incomprehensibly permutable has nothing to do with taking care of the people you like
Hey Izzy, how's you doing!?
Very Vsauce-esc in such a good way
I remember learning factorial in high school. The teacher had a deck of cards and was just shuffling it. She stopped, offered the deck to the class, and asked: "Does anyone else want to make history?"
Lmao
Based teacher
gotta say, that's pretty fucking cool
I remember when we started talking about exponentials in Alg 2, my teacher asked how many times you would need to fold a piece of paper which was 0.0032" thick for the paper to reach some height. It turned out somewhere in the 50s the height of the folded paper is tall enough to reach the sun.
wait, factorial in high school? we were learning them in primary
I like to imagine that somewhere, at some time perhaps a weekend poker session a group of friends in Omaha, NE on August 24, 1957 some guy broke out a deck of cards.. riffled it a few times then promptly shuffled the deck into the exact same order someone in 1886 in Marseilles France did -despite the infinitesimal but non-zero odds. He then promptly started dealing the cards never knowing the monumental feat he just accomplished.
Oddly specific lol
Yeah this video assumes the deck is in a truly random order. But in real life decks come in a preset order and most people don’t shuffle enough to sufficiently randomize the deck. So the odds of a not-perfectly-shuffled deck of cards being in the same order as another are much better, and perhaps it’s happened quite a few times, maybe even with some regularity.
@@draheim90 cool but what are the odds given a true random shuffle?
@@Vitorruy1 the video goes into that in quite a bit of detail.
If this has ever actually happened, Phil Ivey probably saw it coming.
That ending reminds me of my favorite back-handed compliment: "You are unique. _Just_ like everyone else!"
So if everything thing is unique nothing is unique. Lol.
Jokes aside i wonder when something stops being unique. The only thing that is not unique imo are concepts or something like that. Zero is the same everywhere and maths is the same everywhere as well i think.
For once snowflakes people makes sense in this video.
Momento Mori
@@siliconhawk & with everyone super… no one is mwahahahahahahahahdybaybtdguybiuhnosidncbwiud$o 2’:$
Just noticed your profile pic. Memento Mori, [REDACTED], [REDACTED
You’re forgetting about the two joker cards that come with the deck. That will definitely crank it up to the next level
Just pick the number said on the video and multiply it by 2862
Love ur fire alchemy pfp
I have 4 jokers but the 2nd black is missing
Add the rule card!
Fun Fact, The entire world economy is worth 80 trillion.... and Biden has spent almost 9 trillion of it in 10 months.
Wasn’t really sure what to expect from the title but damn this was really good! Graphics were great and explained really well.
Same goes for your videos! Though a tad bit of more visuals would perhaps go a long way 🥰
Indeed. Based on the title I was really curious what’s so special about number 52. Not 52! :)
When we consider all those life experiences he mentions at the end that are different for each and every one of us, is it any wonder people convince themselves they have free will. When really they just have an infinitely complex life that the brain evolved to attempt to make sense of, leading us all to do that what we do at any and every given moment in time.
Nice
I’m everywhere too.
A great quote I once read about this, it totally blew my mind:
Say that there exists 10 Billion people on every planet, 1 Billion planets in every solar system, 200 Billion solar systems in every galaxy, and 500 Billion galaxies in the universe. If every single person on every planet has been shuffling decks of cards completely at random at 1 Million shuffles per second since the BEGINNING OF TIME, every possible deck combination would still yet to have been “shuffled”.
Assuming that was true it would take 35176(.4631648) times the age of the UNIVERSE to shuffle every card combination assuming each shuffle was a unique deck
Well I won't be sleeping tonight due to thinking about this. Thanks 👍🏻
@@ambermoon1341 a shuffle should be something random, so I wonder how much it would take on average to do all possible decks if each shuffle was random
@@BEN-ys6gu well idk but probably atleast a couple times longer
@@BEN-ys6gu you would never achieve 100% certainty, so infinity. But can approach 100% but then you will ve talking about googology size numbers
"52 is massive!"
53: You don't know the true power of the dark side
54 enters chat
@@user.who137 *Rayo's number enters chat* (the largest known number)
@@seand0112 rayos number +1 enters behind him
@@seand0112 technically there is no such thing as largest known number as you will always know a bigger one by just adding 1. I didn't previously know of this but from a quick Google search it's the biggest named number (clearly defined). This description may not be accurate/fully correct but certainly better than yours :)
@@user.who137 while it is not a number, I'm still adding it so you can't beat me! *Infinity on the roof with a sniper*
Another great representation of giant numbers:
One million seconds: 12 days
One billion seconds: 32 years
A trillion seconds: 31 thousand years.
Very cool thanks!
1 million second sice you commented. see you in 31 years.
Well yeah, one billion is 1000 times larger than one million; 31 years is 1000 times longer than 12 days
@@beziimusic, yes, that's the point we are trying to make. 1000 x 1 million = 1 billion.
but how do you help people understand that order of magnitude when they haven't really encountered that.
“The life we’re living is a once in a universe experience.” I love that quote!
Yeah it was my favorite line of the video
Everyone is unique, just like everybody else.
@@TheOiseau you got that right. For every physical/mental flaw we can focus on, in general we never see the beauty of how they make us unique. Some flaws suck more than others, but they all make us stronger when used correctly. The people we are today won’t be the same people tomorrow. It’s up to us to find the positivity in our lives and thrive on the lessons we learn about ourselves and others. Science rulez!!!
A universe that might be infinite, in which case, no. You're not unique.
@@aliveandwellinisrael2507 came looking for this comment. In an infinite universe, none of us are unique.
Fun Fact: You'd have to win the Powerball lottery jackpot approximately 286 times in a row to surpass the rarity of the number of unique combinations in a standard deck of cards.
I'm on 272.... I'll let you know how it goes
@@quazzydiscman bro share some luck with me as well
I got to be honest only 286 of them really proves how rare it is to win the lottery.
@@log.c Yes, but also not really. To win the lottery is rare. To win the lottery twice is extremely rare. To win the lottery 3 times is practically impossible. Now do that 286 times. That's pretty much literally impossible thus aiding to how 52! is basically infinite for all we care
@@log.c Winning the lottery multiple times is an astronomically rare event, and the number of possible unique outcomes increases exponentially with each additional draw or trial.
I love how every time 52! Is written it can also just be interpreted as someone who is very enthusiastic about numbers
I really like your comment, it's cute.
@@sadcheesehoe9646 thank you sad cheesehoe
I used to say that to my old math students.
@@NoPrefect why did you call your old math students a sad cheesehoe ?
@@tapsil.mcgeee lol no, I just always said factorials as though they were and actual exclamation. Apparently they carried it on and annoyed their teachers with it for the next three years until they all graduated. Proud of them.
It reminds me of being a kid, staring off into space with a friend and talking yourself into the possibility of the infinite. Strange as it may sound, my child like wonder made it magical and my 52 year old self begins to fear the terror implied.
Haha 52 just like the number of cards in the deck
Like the Lagos in philosophy... The contemplation within conversations revealing what we know leads to the questions of further studies.
It feels like the more we understand the world, the scarier it becomes. Not due to us learning about the dangers, which are many, but simply because at this scale and with so much happening _everywhere,_ nobody would ever care about something as insignificant as a human some 70 years after they're gone - not even a blink of an eye in the scale of the universe.
But this can lead to another conclusion. The more insignificant we know we are in the grand scheme of things, the more significant we become on a personal level, to each other. When no big things can ever be approached by you, you have a blank cheque of time to do the little things for those who would appreciate it. And even if we're not remembered down the line, what matters is we are here, and while we know nothing about people before us, we know they were there.
Humanity's legacy is your legacy, and look how far we've come.
@@f_USAF-Lt.G answers will only lead to more questions
@@FiksIIanzO Beautiful, it’s good to once again, have a friend look off into space and say, it’s going to be okay.
My second grade teacher wanted to know how much a million really looked like, so she decided to collect a million of something. The pull tabs off drink cans are plentiful, pretty small, and lightweight, so she started collecting those. All of her students and their families saved every tab and brought them in. Pretty soon, every class in the school was contributing, too. Obviously we weren't going to actually count all of them, so we started weighing them. It took a few years, but eventually she had a million drink-can tabs, and we all developed a better sense of just how big a million of something really is.
All that and you didn't tell us how big it was....
@@rushthezeppelin This was 20 years ago, and she finished a few years after I was in her class, so I don't remember all that well. I think it took up around 3-5 large moving boxes (roughly 1 meter on a side). But maybe I remember the boxes as being larger than they were because I was smaller back then.
I could easily collect 1000000 beans lmao
@Angry Combat Wombat you absolutely destroyed him geez😭
You could be the first to understand 52! Just collent 52! drink can tabs. Can't be too hard, right?
Wait til this guy finds out about 53!
Sure, you may call it “52 fAcToRiAL” but I just say “Fifty two!” with a lot of energy.
that works better than any other way...
There’s a book a read as a child called the number devil about a kid who has dreams about math and all the concepts had weird names. Factorial was “vroom”. So like “52 vroom”. It’s a good book
That's funny 🙂
It's all about the energy brother
50twwwwwwwoooooooo
That's how I read the thumbnail
Beautiful concepts and dialog. The scalar field of the water molecules was a great idea and I want to show this to my kids to introduce them to fields. Great job, you’re a beautiful genius.
@@masterhacker7065 I myself am afraid of the Monster. But oddly, we can associate conceivable structure with numbers this large, somehow making a bond with it. Plus I like horror flicks.
There is much that RUclips has to offer for real learning... You could list educational resources for them to use & ask your kids to use device presentation platform to share with you (keeping up on skills can be family fun)
I don’t know who you are, or what your life has been like to bring you to the place where you create these videos and share them freely with the world, but I can say I am truly thankful for YOU. The world - my world - is a better place with you in it. Thank you.
So well and humbly expressed :-)
Steve, that was sweet. Stay sweet (unless being attacked by evil space creatures...all bets are off, then).
You express well how I feel. And I am humbled and pleased with the cosmic coincidence that I am person 42 to 'like' your comment.
@@Fanny-Fanny 42 indeed! Thank you for your kind words :)
@@chasingsquareworkshop 🙂👍
This makes you feel small and insignificant and at the same time special and unique.
No, it really doesn’t make me feel insignificant at all 😂
Being unique is nothing special, because everyone is unique.
@@AlphaCarinae True.
@@AlphaCarinae damn i never thought of that
@@AlphaCarinaeyes being unique is special, because everyone is special and different due to being unique
Google estimates the amount of atoms in the milky way to be 2.4×10^67. This is roughly 1/3 of the amount of ways a 52 deck of cards can be arranged. Decent way to attempt to visualize 52!
@Arturo’s Michelangeli 53!
@Arturo’s Michelangeli Just over 1x10^69
@Arturo’s Michelangeli 4 with 69 zeros after.
@@zanussidish8144 nice
@@zanussidish8144 nice
This man just mathematically demonstrated to us that we are truly unique. This is info I won't forget
Not to be a spoil sport or anything, but that uniqueness is about the same as 2 cars of the same make, model, and trim rolling off the assembly line
@@Dr.Spatula that would be true if cars all looked different, sounded different, liked different things, and did different things
@@logan6232 except, here's the thing. You clearly don't understand so I'll explain it to you. People do generally all look the same except for a couple major differences like color, hair, and height. All just different options, like paint, trim, wheels, that make us slightly different but still essentially the same.
All people more or less sound the same, too. "But Language." Speech is a collections of sounds that everyone can make. Someone's got a deep voice? There's an option for that.
If the internet has taught us anything it's that if you like something you can find someone else who did too. But realistically, how different does that make us? You see two Camerys diving down the street can you tell which one has been smoked in? Who uses the better oil? What the octane of gas they have? How much air is in the tires?
And we all do the she shit. We eat, sleep, shit, and die. Anything beyond that is philosophical. But hey, the same car can "do" a bunch of different things like commute, long haul, or race
So tell me, how different are you really from every other person on earth?
@@Dr.Spatula yeah we’re all human beings obviously lol but like you’re the only person seeing your life
@@Dr.Spatula We may be only slightly different but in the end, no one is identical to someone else. Isn't that enough for you? If not, then it's just matter of perspective.
I sometimes forget how math is phenomenal when you start connecting it to the world around you... And, by the way, the words you said at the end and the whole video itself is phenomenal, gives you some thoughts to think on.
Try to connect stuff like 0 or - 55 :D
Zero, as nothing, is not that simple as it may sound.
I'm gonna think a thunk
@@GarrishChristopherRobin777That is so, but it's not a corpse until after the spark leaves the body.
@Check my about page link fk off
Agreed. Here's something you may find interesting (though the video is no longer available, the quantum base of reality exhibiting the golden ratio is an established scientific fact):
soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-270522172558-13271555.png
The thing is, it’s close to infinity in our human comprehension. But it has little to no value compared to infinity.
I mean... Kind of. But to be fair, infinity is a concept, not a number. Literally every number has no value compared to infinity because you quite literally cannot calculate it. I could take one hundred million factorial, and it would still mean nothing next to infinity (and conversely infinity would mean nothing next to it) since I'm comparing apples and oranges.
@@cheesebossfinch8071 Infinity is a concept, absolute infinity is a...
@@shirori2004 absolute concept. Rekt
The entire world economy is worth 80 trillion.... and Biden has spent almost 9 trillion of it in 10 months.
@@RealKlausSchwab oh great, found that guy
Reading title: What's wrong with 52?
After one "52 factorial": Oh, it's 52!
OHHHH
Thought he was gonna be hating on my guy 52, but was really 52 factorial
Id like to imagine that the first 2 times a deck of cards were ever shuffled, they resulted in the same exact order just out of sheer coincidence
Only if the first person to shuffle cards was a true mechanic
Slight of hand 100
Love it. Straight out of a Pratchett book.
@@TreeImmortal actually based, chad literature
it's true I was actually there when it happened but nobody has ever believed me
I did NOT see that coming! I've been thinking about scale and orders of magnitude for quite a while, and you just shed light to a whole new perspective. Thank you for making this video unexpectingly motivational!!
This level of scale reminds me of a fever dream
I had when I was younger. I was trying to accomplish something and I suddenly realized that my odds of success were in this magnitude and it was terrifying beyond belief for some reason..
Your odds of success, and failure, were beyond this magnitude, equally!
Did you succeed, btw?
I get that feeling whenever I lay in bed and put a warming bottle over my eyes, for some reason. It's terrifying in a beautiful way, sobering
Your brain attempts to protect you from trauma. So when you encounter a topic like this, the mind stresses in trying to rationalise it and when it can't, the 'fear' you felt is a defense mechanism.
Its like the theory that God has no beginning and no end, has always and will always be. When you truly try to rationalise it, it gets freaky.
Hey me too!
I had a similar dream once as well. I was running towards something, but it kept gradually getting farther away. It got to a point where the running became sinking, and the object was becoming a sphere in a dark and almost depressing darkness. I could never reach it, but it also was never quite out of sight.
I didn't wake up from this dream, nor was I ever scared of it. But now as an adult, it's a bit unnerving to think I had that dream on multiple occasions. Cause that dream certainly is how it feels some days.
Fine RUclips, I clicked it. Ya happy?
He's actually good and his content is Good. Unlike.....well many others
@@thorny8013 never said it was bad lol I watched the whole video
@@Frizzable yeah. Just you shouldn't show as if these small channels are just sprawling over YT Recommendations. And you just click them because you have been fed up from them.
It just seems disrespectful.
His content is fabulous. It deserves attention.
Huh
Meeeeeeee, this keeps getting recommended
In short:
You are incredibly unique, there will only ever be one of you. But somehow, despite everything, you will never be more unique than the order of a deck of cards. How you use this information is up to you.
on an unrelated note there is no self.
I don't see why people care about uniqueness
Depends on how big the pack of cards are
well, nyes you are too rare for the universe to lose you and you will never find another exact copy of you no matter how long you keep on searching for...
Deck of cards order: 52! or 8^67
human genome sequence: 4^3,088,286,401
I believe DNA wins.
Respectfully, wtf. You broke my brain & made me feel incredibly special at the same time. 🥴💛💛
Phenomenal video. And I'm a youtube junkie who is rarely impressed by almost anything content creators make anymore.
What other video did you find good these days?
@@RGC_animation 3b1b videos
@@RGC_animation Spoderman, for sure.
To call the Spoderman videos impressive or innovative would be an understatement of shocking proportions.
What!... a cat playing a piano isn't amazing!
Isn't that the entire purpose of the internet 🤣🤣🤣🤣
You’re just depressed, my guy. We’ve all been there.
Being a scientist myself I can still only say: This clip is probably one of the best on the whole plattform. It's pretty difficult to connect statistical probabilities to average Joe's perception of life, and still here you not only succeed in this, but also manage to make it an easy entry into a philisophical concept. Even though I could do those numbers myself I never realized that the permutations of a card deck vastly outnumber those things we usually see as infinite (or random). We can only admit our insignificance and lack of wisdom when we already fail at realizing the complexity of a card game.
Sorry for spelling errors - English is not my native language.
You made no spelling errors, my friend.
For someone who’s not a native English speaker you conveyed your thoughts very elegantly. Had you not mentioned it nobody would have noticed. Quite honestly your grammar and vocabulary are better than the majority of native speakers myself included lol.
@@aarongregory4980 your* 👉👈🥺
This is literally the '"sorry about my English" *speaks in immaculate English'* meme
I can understand that probably unnecessary apology all too well. English isn’t my native language, too, and especially if you tend to be careful with your words, there is always this slight insecurity. English has so many idiomatic expressions that I‘m always afraid of making an unintended pun. And because we (in Germany) were taught British English, but I see American English every day, I am really confused about the spelling sometimes. And - as you may have recognized already - I have no clue about commas and just put them where they would be in German ;-)
The "looking for a grain of sand" analogy really hit hard, I had never appreciated just how big it was
And then the "every nucleon on earth" one omg
Vsaud did a video about it too. And it was mind boggling. Like take one step every million years and then when you circle the earth remove one drop of water from the pacific ocean and then once the pacific ocean is completely empty put a piece of paper on the ground and refill the ocean. And then once that stack of paper reaches the moon it will have been 52! seconds.
@@connman8d617 Whoa
@@connman8d617 It's actually take a step at the equator every billion years, when you have circled the earth take one drop of water from the Pacific Ocean, repeat,when you have emptied the Pacific Ocean place one sheet of paper on the ground, magically refill ocean and repeat until the stack of papers reach the sun, now repeat the entire scenario 3000 times and you will now have used up 52 factorial seconds. It's on YT "Math Magic" at around 11:00 in.
@@thorfinsky1427 Thats still not close. After you have emptied the ocean, take one teaspoon of Mt Everest. Then put down the sheet of paper when Everest is flat. It is mental.
@@connman8d617 that's it? Pretty sure my mom takes longer when I wait for her at the grocery store.
i didn't know what a factorial was so i thought he was just really excited to talk about how big 52 is
Oh yeah😂
Hi I like 52!
"Scientists have calculated that the chances of something so patently absurd actually existing are millions to one.
But magicians have calculated that million-to-one chances crop up nine times out of ten."
Terry Pratchett
Good reference
A one in a million thing happening to you is very unlikely.
A one in a million thing happening to someone is going to happen thousands of times.
Magicians don't calculate, they create illusion. Tricksters.
@Craig I love how you put that comment, I can hear the eye squint on "tricksters" 😂😂😂
Scientists are humans that could sell you a bag of shit and convince you that it is pudding. Science today is about concensus not facts, and that is the only reason that evolution, global warming, and uneducated people are sustainable.
When I was 3 or 4 and learning numbers, I was intrigued. I asked my dad what was the highest number and he answered "uncountable" How I marvelled at that word!!! He's gone now 11 years. Life is short. Don't try to find an answer. Life is not a "meaning" thing, it's a "happening" thing.
My condolences on your loss. I feel your pain.
Are you sure, the happenings have had meaning to you?
Perhaps it is a philosophical conundrum?
Don't try to find an answer? What kind of gay advice is that?
@@kidzbop38isstraightfire92 The kind people with no education cling to so that they don't feel overwhelmed by the vastness of what they do not know.
Mobius - Good advice. Humans worry "why?" while animals don't worry and just keep living as best as they can, no worries. The reason for life is in the living.
I live how at the end he turns it into something so wholesome and sweet.
Also great video nicely explained.
It would be very different ending if it was made by Kurzgezagt
@@Pribumi1 kurzgezagt would've ended it by telling us how little meaning our lives have
I watched the whole video to agree with this comment
almost cried :’)
The funny thing is ppl believe what he says is true lol
Watched silently subtitles. You are a once in a lifetime experience. Can't instantly quote the rest of the sentence so make it count or do Your best.
"Round off to infinity" is the type of talk my math teacher would rap my knuckles for.
Well, your maths teacher is right. And that's why the very important caveat "as far as humans are concerned" was added.
52! and infinity are two very different things, but in any physical interpretations, they are basically the same thing (ie way more than anything we could count).
True unless you are in calculus and beyond.
The difference is between actual mathematical implications and practical real world applications. The point is that the amount of unique combos in a deck of cards is so ludicrously vast that none of us can even comprehend it, again more than total number of protons and neutrons on all of planet earth
On a human scale 52! Is essentially infinity. Many calculators can't do any calculations above 69!
Big numbers are so cool !
@@freeman10000 Its nuts to think that calculators can do calculations of numbers larger than the amount of atoms they're made of
“There will never be another you ever again”
Good. One is more than enough lmao
The entire world economy is worth 80 trillion.... and Biden has spent almost 9 trillion of it in 10 months.
@@RealKlausSchwab cool but unrelated
Well he is wrong if you believe in infinity. You could've lived the exact same live for 1000x and it would absolutely possible if infinity exists.
@@HardSmartfuxu Infinite time leads to infinite possibilities
@@JR4996 no it only leads to infinite chances but if the chance is so minute it will probably never happen even with infinite chances
What's most amazing to me is of all these shuffles possible in the world, all the unfathomable maths and statistical analysis possible of 52!
My opponents still find a way to have a winning poker hand every DAMN TIME WE PLAY
Ahhaha so funny 🫤
probably cause you’re the type of player to play 6 8 off suit in early position
I learned card probability and applied it to video games to the point that I could sit in Atlantic city and play all day. I know Black jack players also trained by video games.
Wasn’t expecting a pep talk at the end of this video, but thanks!
Props to the guy who counted every grain of sand on Earth to get that number!
Roberto the sandcounter was a legend of his time, shame we forgot about him
😂😂😂
🏖🏝
Would be mildly interesting to learn how these kinds of estimates are made....
@@pattsw average weight of a grain, average grains in an area, extrapolated for the area we find sand on Earth. That's how I'd do it. But I won't. So truly, props to the dude who crunched the numbers; I'm sure it was exceptionally tedious.
Outstanding production: excellent narration, wonderful use of graphics and superb story telling.
"Hey Patrick."
"What?"
"I thought of something better than 52!"
"Let me hear it."
"53!"
And I thought on 54! 😎
52!^52!
52!!
what about (52!)!?
Not even close to you moms weight
Carl Sagan in his Cosmos series told us that a Google Plex is a number so large (not infinite) that you could not put it to paper and then stuff it into the known universe. Turns out there is more than one way to visualize huge numbers. All it takes is a big brain or a big imagination for all things numerical and you will find a near infinite way of describing really big number combinations. 52i is just one of them. A really mind blowing video, thanks for posting. Love this kind of content.❤
In the topic of absurdly large numbers. Graham's number also has this property of not fitting inside our universe. One might ask: 'How many digits does the Graham's number have?'.
Well, The number of digits of Graham's number also wouldn't fit inside our universe.
@@korzenpl They are all absurdly wonderful in their absolute absurdity. One has to wonder why we find them so fascinating.
52! is not even as big as a Googol, let alone a Googolplex.
The ending of the video made me happy. Never thought of myself as a once in a universe experience. That is truly special when you put it that way.
It’s a tough day to be twins
Being a miserable sort I've always looked at it the other way. People pride themselves on being unique, but that's no more remarkable than shuffling a deck of cards, or even more dull, generating a UUID.
I praise You for I have been remarkably and wondrously made. Your works are wondrous, and I know this very well.
Psalm 139:4
@@Aaron628318 I am going to agree. A difference that makes no difference is no difference.
If the universe is truly infinite there's TONS of instances of you watching this same video with differences so miniscule, you couldnt even notice. So yeah, you exactly as you are is a once in a universe occurrence, but there's infinite versions of you exactly as you are right now, with just +1 or -1 cell.
I thought he was just really enthusiastic about 52
Edit: I've never been particularly into math, but dang. This video makes me appreciate numbers more. This is really cool.
Here is another way to visualize it, (from the sauce) so lets say you start a timer counting down from 52 factorial seconds, so in 52 factorial seconds the timer will end. so now lets see how long that is, first imagine you are standing on the equator. now stand there for 1 billion years, then take a single step foward. wait another billion years and take another one. eventually after countless years you walk across the entire earth and end up back ftom where you came from. so now after wslking acrosd the entire earth, take a single droplet from the pacific ocean and remove it. now continue this process intill you have completely drained the entire pacific ocean, now that you have done that, place a single piece of paper on the floor and put all the water back in the ocean. then continue the process, eventually your stack of paper will have reached the sun, now reset everything and do it 1000 times, and after all the time you still have 2/3 of the thr time on your countdown remaining.
Take out one suit of 13 cards and run it by itself. 6.227 BILLION combinations, almost one for every person on Earth.
Even More fun when you can actually produce a Real number you can both comprehend, understand and has a real world application -
When you talked about the snowflakes, I remembered an argument I had with someone that in order for no 2 snowflakes to be alike, there would have to be an intelligent force in the universe to prevent it. The other person was mistaking an amazingly low chance with an intentionally zero chance. 2 snowflakes CAN be alike, maybe even at the same time, but forget it... you won't find them.
Spot on Jamie. And possibly the same with humans and everything else in the observable universe if the universe is infinite. Which no one knows or probably ever will.
@@serraramayfield9230 I want to see it... *now*
@@davidmontgomery1442 Fair, will delete comment
Like how two people can actually have matching DNA. The chances are like one in a billion. Well, there are seven billion people, so....
Or the mother and son who learned their DNA didn't match as being related. She gave birth to him. He was DEFINTELY her son. But it was just one of those things that are far beyond a reasonable doubt, even beyond an UNREASONABLE doubt yet still occur from time to time.
The incredibly unlikely MUST still occur sometimes, else it'd not be unlikely it'd be impossible.
That's why I reject the very premise of this video. I've heard that BS before: "it's impossible that two properly shuffled decks of cards would ever in human history result in matching sequence"
It is MOST CERTAINLY NOT IMPOSSIBLE. We cannot call HIGHLY UNLIKELY things Impossible. It's not "infinite" from any perspective. Infinity is INFITELY greater than 52 factorial. it's INFITELY greater than 1000!
One can segment any amount into an infinite number of parts. One can half something over and over again, long past the cows coming home, past the heat death of the universe, and still have half of some quantity remaining.
So infinity exists between 0 and 1. Infinity exists between 0.5 and 1.0.
But if there is a Plank's constant i think it's called - if there is a smallest possible unit, then things are not inifinite and infinity doesn't exist because t his is a simulation. A simulated universe with finite resources. Finite amount of pixels. A finite amount of atoms with a finite amount of energy so many we are in a sim
Depends on how you define "alike". Two snowflakes could be similar to the point where it'd be hard to tell them apart, but if you require them to be identical down to a quantum scale it's impossible.
I don't know what half the stuff he was talking about. But it was really interesting. This guy is very smart. Learned something new from this video.
You are the true heir of the old vsauce videos. I've had the exact same feeling watching this. You're an upcoming star
This comment convinced me to subscribe to the channel ❤
I love the vibe to this video. I wish more people appreciated this sort of beat.
Hey Michael, Vsauce here
I was expecting to hear “and as always…thanks for watching” at the end and I felt unfulfilled when I didn’t lol.
That’s because this is almost verbatim a vsauce video over the exact same thing
I teach math, and everyday I learn something new that relates to math, and it really is just incredible. I love teaching Adult Ed and it really sucks to see how many people have had the joys of math ruined. My hope is that I've instilled a little joy with it as they learn it. I mean when you think of all the different things, like how the Fibonacci sequence leads to a spiral when you attach squares of each other with the size of the next number in the series and then draw a continuous curve it really is mindboggling. And those are probably the common ones that people know about. And when he started comparing things to try and get close to the number of 52! it really just shows how crazy things can be.
I'm from India. In our school life, maths was a race of who can solve diffential equations, complex vector problems and other stuff the fastest. I was bad at memorizing formulas, so trying to survive in that extremely competitive environment was a traumatizing experience. I gave up on my dreams of being a software engineer because I was too scared to sit in the competitive math exams you need to pass to be accepted into engineering.
As a kid I was always sad when someone or something died, as I knew I'd never really get to see that same version of that ever again. It wasn't the fact that I lost it, it's that I'd never get to experience with that very specific thing ever again. This video sums up my feelings of this.
Oh but you will do again, infinitely and always have done, infinitely.
@@dc6642yup ...there was no big bang...the cosmos is eternal
7:00 Imagine an infinite universe. The odds of you existing twice are astronomically low, but not zero. So in an infinite universe an exact copy of you would exist infinitely often. Every choice you took in life, an exact copy of you would have chosen a different path, infinitely often. Numbers like 52! are very hard to imagine, but the concept of infinity is just insane, if you think about it.
Not necessarily. We can see endless as an end. Where as 52 is somewhere high or low depending on perspective.
@@trials6502 How exactly can you see 'endless as an end?' Sounds like a contradiction.
It’ll happen about once every 10^70 meters I think....
@@PlzPr3sspl4y I’d say look at vsauce video about counting past infinity
@@charlesharrison4077 You can count past infinity, but you’d have to use „other“ infinities that are bigger. For example there are more numbers between 0 and 1 then there are natural numbers (1,2,3,4,5,…), but both sets are infinite.
Our odds for existing twice however are finite, so they will happen infinitely often in an infinitely large universe.
People tend to forget how quickly multiplying by 10 makes things larger, 8x10^4 is a packed football game, 8x10^5 is city, 8x10^7 is a country, 8x10^9 is the global population, think about that big a difference is just 5 zeros, then do that 11 more times. The ratio of 8x10^59 to 8x10^64 is the same as the ratio of a football game to the global population, 8x10^59 is almost nothing, it's 0.00001 x. That's one cent to $1000
A more simple way to see how multiplying by 10 makes things way bigger
100000x10 is basically double it 200k double it 400k double it 800k make a new 200k and at it on
@@seand0112 Uh, this doesn't make sense...
Humans aren't good at understanding exponent scales and numbers. 2 is pretty intuitive, it's just binary. Add a 0 to the right whenever you double the number. 10 is pretty intuitive, just add a 0 to the right whenever you decuple the number. Even though the numbers themselves are intuitive, the physical representations are impossibly hard to vidualize. Just coming up with original examples is hard 😅.
The video is a bit wrong though. Because it depends on the state of the cards when you shuffle and how you shuffle.
For example. Are you talking about a new pack of cards?
If so, then they start in the exact same order. So if you apply the exact same shuffling technique to the exact same brand new deck of cards then the odds are not as rare as 52!.
So the video is misleading.
The video is not addressing real life shuffling. But rather just the mathematical possible combinations of the cards.
@@nofurtherwest3474 your second paragraph doesn't describe a random shuffle. You are basically ordering the new deck in a specific way.
This explains how the world appears to be utterly incomprehensible when you look close enough.
You would think the whole thing would be chaotic randomness, but it's not.
Of course not! We are living in the Lord's universal matrix. The evidence of intelligent design is everywhere, including our dna software...
@@ct4074 they are trying to change our dna be very skeptical of the media and any government mandate.
@@jf2849 _they are trying to change..._
Who are 'they'? I genuinely want to know.
@@ct4074 _the evidence of intelligent design is everywhere_
Absolutely true.
_We are living in the lord's ..._
Ridiculous conclusion. Pure fantasy.
@@imacmill well you would assume Bill Gates and the United Nations with their COVID planned agenda. However it’s much bigger there are lots of people in on it large corporations and governments trying to push agendas, big pharma, the elite ruling class sickos. “They” are the ones hiding behind the curtain the ones the general public doesn’t usually see the 1% that’s trying to control the rest of us. They believe in order out of chaos meaning they will create a problem then swoop in with their psychotic solutions as if they are here to save the day.
"They'll never be something exactly like you again." - Oh thank God
Great, great, great presentation. Thank you! Mind blowing indeed. Life is incredible. 52!
I love it when mathematicians who are involved with trying to understand the magnanimity of things, finish up with advising us to appreciate the universe for the wonder that it is.
I praise You for I have been remarkably and wondrously made. Your works are wondrous, and I know this very well.
Psalm 139:4
I am amazed how far we have developed when I visit my family tree. I wonder will my descendants looking back be shocked & upset at the way we left the world.
That’s not what *magnanimity* means: you’re looking for *magnitude*
I don't know why this reminded me of this.
When I was in college in the early 90's, we were working in computer graphics. Digital videos were still kind of a new thing at least for broadcast purposes. At that time, one of my friends posited that, as we're working mostly in a format that was 640x480, we could reduce resolution to normal VHS quality which was roughly half that and still have a recognizable image. I'm not sure that was originally his idea, but anyway.
Given those parameters, you can make the image greyscale with each pixel at a range of 0 to 256 (black to white), 320 pixels across and 240 pixels down. To a certain degree of recognition, you can calculate any image that can possibly exist ever for all time. Like literally since time started to when time will end anywhere in the universe on any planet in any galaxy anywhere, any situation, anything.
It kind of put the Universe into a less than infinite position.
Then we smoked another joint.
Your comment rminded me of this
The library of babel is a short story about a library containing every single possible writable book. Most of them are gibberish but very rarely there is one that isn’t
Anyways someone made a procedurally generated website off of that story, and there’s also a picture version. Currently on the internet is contained every possible image and every possible book
This is the greatest comment in the sea of comments on RUclips
There is not any other comment as great as this one right here
And RUclips has been out for a pretty long time with a pretty large amount of comments
And yet, no one will ever make anything as great as this comment
“You’re unique, just like everyone else” but you somehow took that paradox and solved it
The entire world economy is worth 80 trillion.... and Biden has spent almost 9 trillion of it in 10 months.
@@saertal5212 Well, I wouldn't say contained. They're generated on the fly and then discarded. Storing all possible combinations would take lots of storage space, to say the least.
@@jlco ah yes finite space for infinite books
This is, no exaggeration, one of the most phenomenal videos I have ever watched on this platform. Incredible work, thank you from the bottom of my heart for this experience.
And yet, many of us were not at all impressed by this video. And I'm someone who really likes numbers and math.
@@KpxUrz5745 Okay, literally who cares? Move on, then. You can literally just move on instead of complaining
@@psychopiper8224 You must actually be what your name says: "psycho". Because I never complained about anything.
One of the best videos I've ever watched on this red platform
My absolute favourite way to put 52! into perspective is this: If Hawking radiation is true, 52! is just eight times larger than the lifespan of a stellar black hole in years.
milky way 3 times less ATOMS than 52!, i was blown by that too.
@@purgedsoy9518 However, by comparison, the number of particles in the universe is _4066000000000x_ greater than 52!
Really puts things in perspective.
@@Wertsir ddoes it xD
Tyler Duncan - You're off by one. You need to recount.
@Mother Rab I was going to say 10 packs of cards can be arranged in 520! ways. But that's actually wrong because there are repeats (ten queens of hearts for example).
And yet, the house needs 4 or more decks to beat you at blackjack.
Jokes aside, suits don't matter, so duplicate ranks reduce the possibilities
Face cards are also all the same
Not to beat you, to keep the advantage in house’s favor by a small degree.
Is your first shuffle of a fresh deck of cards more likely to be an arrangement that someone else has come to before?
Most people use the same method of shuffling, & most fresh decks of cards are in order.
Well starting with the same base as someone else, yes there is a chance but they meant a totally random deck shuffled will be something no one has seen
Fully shuffled is the key. A lot of people perhaps don't fully shuffle a fresh deck.
This begs the question of true randomness wich is an entirely different topic
After the intro he says that there are obviously not infinite possibilities in deck shuffling, they are just "infinite" to our comprehension, we can remember that many possible outcomes so we just say "infinite".
Rewatch the video
@@selfactualizer2099 that isn't really the issue. It's not about there being a finite number of possibilities but the starting condition. The video talks about a truly random deck getting shuffled resulting in a new truly random order. This comment however pointed out that a lot of things would have to be accounted for which just aren't in real life when actually shuffling a deck of cards. There's just certain techniques for example which potentially result in some results being more likely than others.
But that would be way too much to cover in a short RUclips video like this and also a completely different topic. It's quite common to just put up some requirements for the employed model of the real life situation.
2:50 That little laugh after you say “Let’s try to” kills me every time! You already know 🤣
Adding onto this!
"52!" is also just under 2^226
Modern computer security often involves using unique/unguessable 256 bit numbers for security.
In order to correctly guess a 256 bit number just a single time, it would be the equivalent of shuffling a deck of cards (using truly good/random shuffling) until you managed to get the same outcome, not just twice, but twice IN A ROW, and then doing that 10^30 times over. 10^30 being similar to waiting for every single grain of sand on earth to shuffle for two same-outcomes in a row... a million times each, in series, not parallel.
It's mind-numbingly impossible to guess these numbers with no additional information. (to the point where the only reasonable risk is worrying about someone breaking their way into a system to either find the number itself, or finding the method/seeds used to generate the number so they can recreate it), which isn't something any secure value length could protect against anymore.
Wouldn’t shuffling the desired deck twice in a row be (1/2^226)^2 = 1/2^452? This is much less likely than 1/2^256. Further, if all we do is shuffle until we get the same deck twice in a row, no matter what that deck is, the probability is just 1/2^226 because we’re only looking to match the previous deck. And where did 10^30 come from?
Just get a computer with 226 (stable)qbits, duh!
NO! it's over 2^226. 2^226~104 Unvigintillion and 52!=80 unvigintillion.
So you're telling me there's a chance?!
@@findystonerush9339 so 80 is more than 104?
Came for the appreciation of numbers; left with an appreciation for life. Love this channel!
The perfect faro shuffle right out of the box is done by many cardist and collectors which would repeat the same order almost every time. After those first couple faros the odds just go infinite.
well, if you shuffle a deck of cards 8 times perfectly, u'll be back to the order it was in the beginning. Try it out ;)
That last part got me. Wasn’t expecting it
This wasn’t just extremely well animated and scripted (appreciated the multiple examples of scale and the arethmetic) but I left with a smile on my face from that good ass message.
Also much more convinced superheroes may exist now
ass message
I once read a story in which the man who invented chess was invited by a king to his palace, and offered any reward he wants for creating such a beautiful game. The man asks the king to just give him grains of wheat. But since it is for his game of chess, he wanted the grains of wheat to be measured in such an order. For the first square of the chessboard, give him 1 grain of wheat. For the 2nd square, give him 2×1 grains of wheat. For the 3rd, give him 3×2×1 grains of wheat. And carry on in such a way until the 64th square of the chessboard.
The king accepts and even ridicules him. Says that the sack of wheat will be sent to him by sundown. But it doesn't get sent for days. Finally, the king is informed by his subject that there isn't enough grain in the kingdom to give to the man. In fact, even if the whole earth was planted with wheat and farmed, there STILL wouldn't be enough grain to give to the man.
Finally the king goes to the man's home humbled, and the man accepts him as his chess disciple.
This needs to be noticed
small correction, it was 2^ (each square) every day, so 2 grains in day 1, 4 in day 2... 1024 grains in day 10, etc. by the time they got to the 20s it was impossible.
@@Mimi-vv9gz no. The story i read was aiming to teach the reader about factorials. While the version you have read is also certainly quite interesting, it is not the one i read.
I'm completely in agreement with @@Mimi-vv9gz
I've also read a story of a mathematician who asked for the king to have a grain of wheat placed upon each square of a board with sixty-four total squares such that each square would double the number from the previous square By the time they got to half the board they would already be at 2 billion grains of wheat, which is the equivalent to the grains of sand enough to cover two sandy beaches. But even if you were to take every grain of sand on earth, you wouldn't be capable of meeting the mathematician's requirements. All in all, to meet those requirements you'd have to gather all the sand grains of two planets earth and make that the equivalent of wheat grains you'd have to give to the mathematician.
That mathematician is said to be the creator of the chess game (but this seems more like a legend to me)
Chess was created in India and there's no such story there
Chance is something we don't really understand. It is normal to be surprised that a small amount of cards can be arranged in so many different ways. In reality, we are constantly witnessing, in our daily lives, almost impossible coincidences. If we were surprised by all of them, we would hardly be able to keep our mouths shut.
the way you smoothly changed the subject to us being unique was was very nicely done.
Yeah, you're unique. Just like everyone else.
Unless you're an identical twin.
Now just imagine the protons and neutrons across the universe and understand how 52! is also effectively zero.
Good point.
Grahams number bro
Fun Fact: There are only about 10^82 atoms in the observable universe, still incomprehensible large, but it's start to become very small when dealing with combinations. Combinations is the key to creating big numbers.
@@RGC_animation ez, (10^82)!
@@OatmealTheCrazy Hmm?
Thank you. I've been having a bit of existential crisis after learning about the fate of the universe and physics in general. Your sentiment at the end made me feel better. So again thank you.
There's no ends, only transformations
Best ending to a video I’ve EVER witnessed. That was completely unexpected and I’m so glad I stayed to the end.
Thank you!!
You know… sometimes you see people’s comments that say “I needed this today”, and it’s always seemed so cliche and cheesy. But on this day, I can’t believe I’m saying this - but I really did need this. So, thank you.
Among everything else, the visuals in this video are GORGEOUS
"You are a once in a universe experience."
My parents: FFS we hope so!
Ay yo Frisky Dingo!
"I'll talk about the polls! *hangs up*
HA! I was talking about MAH PENIS"
Fun fact: They had to fuck to make you!
@@MediumDSpeaks That's right, KILLFACE!
@@Perririri I once asked them if I was adopted and they replied in absolute disbelief:
" Are you f&@king kidding?! NO you're no adopted, we would NEVER pick you on purpose!" Then they laughed and flicked their cigarette ashes at me. 🤡
@@rush1er You're parents sound like a right laugh.
The reason a deck of cards intuitively feels like it has less possibilities is because in most card games, you're dealt a hand of two or more cards. In some games, the whole deck isn't even dealt out. That allows for more deck configurations to result in the same game because, in many games, different cards are functionally identical. For instance, in poker, it doesn't matter which two aces you have, it only matters that you have two. Other games, like blackjack, assign the same value to each face card.
But also, if you think about it, if you account that every single game could have less cards, let’s say the full set of all cards 51, then account for every missing card by making 51 other decks of 51, then going to 50, you could end up with an even *bigger* number, by concluding every possible combination and every possible order with every possible number of unique numbers within the original set you can make using 52 cards. Not to disprove you, you’re completely right, but I just kinda thought about if everything, and I mean EVERYTHING you could make with 52 cards was calculated it becomes even MORE crazy
I love math
Well it could matter which 2 you have because if your opponent has 2 aces 2 and makes a flush then you lose
@@kylequatier4408 I mean sure, but the point was that there is no inherent advantage to having, say an ace of clubs vs and ace of spades. Any combination of two aces is functionally identical pre-flop.
first insightful comment so far. good work thanks.
@@kylequatier4408 Now he tells me
Lochness Monsta: “So ima need a little more than tree-fiddy”
🤣🤣🤣🤣
I thought the same shit when i saw
Tree fitty
🤣
Is this a reference to a video?
@@imhulki463
South park
Lochness monster episode
Season 3 episode 3
I was looking for this reply! Thansk
I almost cried at the end my view of the world has been changed u deserve a sub
This is a great video! I enjoyed the ending too. I just wanted to talk about why it doesn’t really communicate how cards work in a practical sense.
Games of cards don’t seem infinitely different for a few reasons, the first being that in most games you never deal the entire deck. Even if you do, each player ends up with more than one card. This hugely reduces the number of combinations of cards experienced in actual games, since for most games the order in which you receive the cards doesn’t matter - only the combination you end up with. That means for five specific cards you might get, there are indeed 5! combinations in which they are arranged, but they are all equivalent when you play your hand.
Also, in games like poker for example, you rarely care which two of the four aces you have a pair of if that’s your best hand - so some combinations, while unique, don’t have unique value. It doesn’t make any difference to the player if their best hand one game is the three of Spades and three of Hearts which they received on their initial deal, or the three of Diamonds they got in the initial deal plus the three of Clubs they picked up when replacing cards. And if you get those two deals two games in a row…
This all means that the number of possibilities in actual card games is still very big - hugely big enough to grant variety - but not nearly as virtually infinite, which is why some card games can still feel “samey”.
If we truly understood this, we could say "Let me show you a magic trick", then shuffle a deck of cards, and say "This order has never ever been on earth in any shuffle ever"... Now that's magic
arsenic1987 - I can better that comment, humans created that card deck here on Earth, so that shuffle "Has never ever been in any deck in the entire existence of the universe"... Now that is BIGGER magic.
@@carlchapman4053 I like it =) The sheer awe of big numbers is astounding. Did you for example know that if you took EVERY possible rubix cube position and layed them out next to each other on the surface of the earth, the amount of cubes would reach 300 cubes high everywhere, and only six of them would be a completely solved cube. (6 because you can look at a solved cube 6 ways). This is if the cube was 6x6x6cm. And this is ONLY counting the possible permutations, cause if you take out a piece of a cube and flip it, it cannot be solved. Is this BIGGER magic to be able to solve one in 5 seconds? :P
Edit: correction, 6x4 solved cubes. So 24. Each side you look at can be rotated 4 ways. So 24 of all would be "solved".
The problem I have with this, is that the concept of a shuffle is too loose.
As well, he changed the explanation midway through.
It went from this position never having existed before, to your likelihood of shuffling a deck once and arriving at a predetermined order.
The latter isn't really that hard to fathom as being excessively, astronomically unlikely.
Also, the shuffling bit is a red herring.
Ask someone to make up a list of all 52 cards, and if they match the list you wrote down in advance, they win 100bucks, but if they don't, they lose 10bucks...
See if you get any takers
@@drebk isnt it more like the odds are huge but it is possible. Just as person to buy a winning powerball ticket their first time and win the jackpot. Big odds but possible.
@@brucemiller1696 kind of.
But the Powerball doesn't require a specific order to be called in advance in order to win.
If it did, the odds of winning would be astronomical. And instead of somebody winning it (lots and lots and lots of plays occur per draw), you'd see nobody winning it. Ever.
Which would make it a bad lottery.
Matt Parker of Stand Up Maths did a good video on shuffles and results.
If I recall, if you take any standard issue new deck of cards, perfectly shuffling it 4 times, and cutting it anywhere, will give you a perfect bridge draw. Every single time.
So the real issue is the starting condition of the deck, and what you mean by shuffle. There are different kinds of shuffles and different kinds of deck starting conditions
Absolutely fantastic, beautiful video! You have achieved the connection of maths-sciences-cognition and philosophy, and on top beautifully humanizing the concepts, making it all easy to understand! Congratulations! What a triumph!
Went from clicking on an intresting looking video to being truly moved at the end. Great video!
You can't say with absolute certainty that the exact sequence of shuffled cards has never existed before, because the concept of randomness precludes evenly-distributed probabilities. It is very likely that any shuffled deck of cards will contain a sequence that has existed many, many times before, while other sequences have never existed and may never exist (unless intentionally constructed, of course.) Truly random events have a tendency to appear clustered (though the clustering is coincidental and thus not true clustering), contrary to humans' expectations that random events ought to be evenly dispersed. Furthermore, cards are packaged in a non-random order and most people are terrible at shuffling.
now stuff like this is the type of comments that should be recognized
it is true, because the probability of something *not* happening decreases exponentially as the activity is repeated
but you see, the probability of you getting the same deck of cards is so unbelievably(seriously) low, that even after millions of exponential decreases, it is still pretty unlikely to to get the same deck.
the probability of getting the same deck after n attempts is 1-((1-1/52!)^n)
after a million attempts, the probability of getting the same deck in your attempts is pretty much zero.
after 10 million shuffles and checks, its still pretty much zero.
skipping to a billion tries, your probability of getting the same deck at least once in all of your attempts would be approx 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012397%
your probability of getting the same deck at least once in a trillion attempts would be slightly higher; at a whopping 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001%(it has 3 less zeroes)
to get
so yeah, it should be pretty certain that there has never ever been the same deck in the history of mankind. ever.
p.s.
for you to be somewhat guaranteed of a same deck, you have to go through a duovigintillion(69 zeroes after 1) attempts(its the first power of 10 where this amount of attempts would guarantee a success chance of over 90%)
t h i s. thanks
@@diht never tell me the odds
Is there such thing as true randomness? Clustering would imply that there is some kind of bias therefore with the right information it is predictable. True randomness should have an even distribution that scales to infinity.
@@diht wouldn't 52! + 1 attempts guarantee the deck being sorted the same way as at least one time before? At some point there's just no options left for the order in which the deck can be in. Like the number you mentioned in your ps 10^69 is higher so it's not at 90% but guaranteed to get repeating patterns. Actually there'd have to have been a lot of repeating already at this many attempts. :)
This video reminds me of Watchmen:
“And yet, in each human coupling, a thousand million sperm vie for a single egg. Multiply those odds by countless generations, against the odds of your ancestors being alive; meeting; siring this precise son; that exact daughter… Until your mother loves a man she has every reason to hate, and of that union, of the thousand million children competing for fertilization, it was you, only you, that emerged. To distill so specific a form from that chaos of improbability, like turning air to gold… that is the crowning unlikelihood. The thermo-dynamic miracle.”
Fancy but ultimately pointless, there’s just as many possibilities for the piece of shit my dog took this morning, no dog will ever take the same shit for the remaining lifetime of the universe, so what? One pile of dog shit is practically the same as any other regardless of the exact arrangement of its atoms.
Sounds like the Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy lol
Whatever changes at any step of the way you will always just be you looking at the odds of being you retrospectively. You may be a different you, but still just you. There was no intention involved at any stage to produce the you you are now. Odds are irrelevant without intention. You may even go on to have children but you don't select one specific sperm and expect that sperm to fertilise one specific egg. You don't predetermine the chromosomes you desire for your children and then try for that combination. You just go through the motions that allow the process to happen then there is another person to ponder the odds of their existence. Even if you could get down to a specific number it's just a number without meaning because whatever that number is here you are. Just you. Just like me.
"...has every reason to hate" 🤣🤣
Thank you my friend. For me- this video, and comments like yours confirms my faith . My belief that there is no way possible that I, you and everyone who exists, will exist or has existed...is random . Each and everyone of us is unique and is valuable beyond measure . We are as different as night is to day . It is terrible that so many never come to this understanding . Never know their value , their potential .
This is one of the best videos Ive watched in a really long time. Big props to you for this
It’s funny to say 52 is my lucky number, and I have been looking for its meaning for so long, it’s crazy how in so many random videos that there are on RUclips, they had to recommend me this one.
Imagine being raised in a world where science exists, yet people still believe in magic numbers
There are 2 small issues I have with the maths in this video:
1) You seem to be claiming, at the start, that the odds of you shuffling a deck in the same way anyone has ever done so in history is 1/52!. This is not true- this is the odds that I shuffle a deck in a specific way, not that no one has ever done that before. This will shave off several orders of magnitude (but will still result in a large number). However, one bonus thing I'm interested in, is if we consider the chances that 2 deck of cards have ever been shuffled in the same way- this would have to use the probability formulas we use in the Birthday Paradox. I'm not sure on what this number would be, but I imagine it would still be orders and orders magnitude more likely than 1/52!
2) Technically, 52! Is closer to 0, or any number you can write, than it is to infinity, so if you say its close enough to infinity, maybe not (very pedantic)
An quite important point is it should not be assumed that the decks are shuffled perfectly. Many players split the deck only at about 15 points, which isn't enough to make predictions useless. Before the shuffling some (or most) of the cards were arranged in an order depending on the rules of the game. This isn't important for some games (like poker), but in other games it can be ridiculously predictable. (like 50% chance to guess a card after playing solitaire, shuffling a bit and seeing the previous card)
This is truly a phenomenal video. I absolutely adore what beautiful themes and messages a seemingly mundane large number might hold.
Also yeah, maximum possible permutations of things is truly an amazing subject to learn and talk about. Things such as a total number of permutations for a Rubik's cube, Chess or in this case, a deck of cards are incredibly interesting both from a theoretical and practical standpoints. My favorite example of insane possible permutations is undoubtedly The Library of Babel- The maximum possible permutations of any given book with any given characters, also known as the incomprehensible number that is over 10^5000
Not even close. "Any given book with any given character" is literally infinite. Even the number of books with only the letter "A" is infinite, since you could have a book for A, a book for AA, AAA and so on... There is no upper limit to the length of the book. Allowing more letters doesn't even make the infinite larger, because it's already infinite.
Your visualizations are amazing, they profoundly enhance the accessibility of your videos. I hope you make a video about it.
"52! can't fit in our universe!"
Lizzo's weight in kilograms: 😐
Brilliant stuff here ! I especially liked the part where you told about the thoughts you had on the bus. Often there are times when I see an object and I wonder, 'from conception to finished product, how many people are involved with making that thing'. This is an awesome video, thank you !
Seems to me like this is the kind of thing we need more of on the Internet. Terrific video! Thank you.
Parellel universes about to destroy our uniqueness 🙏😭
You would need a whole lot of parallel universes to do that, unless you believe in the quantum multiverse conjecture
If only they existed :D
Watching this video just made me feel better. Thank you
Crazy to think that the largest number you can imagine is still closer to 0 than it is to infinity lol
infinity - 1
@@govindkrishnalb Infinity - 1 is still infinity
@@FFSxFGR infinity -2
The lagest number humans can Really imagine is closer to 0 then it is to 100
@@arendellecitizen208 ...49? I guess it's pretty big...