Data Insights Ep. 1: Graphical Interpretation -- Just Read the Bleeping Graph
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- Опубликовано: 4 окт 2024
- Struggling with Graphical Interpretation questions on the Data Insights section of the new GMAT Focus Edition? Overwhelmed by the variety of graphs and charts you've encountered? Unsure how to approach Graphical Interpretation questions in general? If so, you've found the right video.
In this lesson, Dana -- a GMAT Ninja tutor -- will cover the 4 major types of graphs seen on Graphical Interpretation questions, one of the major question types on the Data Insights section of the new GMAT Focus Edition. Topics covered include: 1) Line Graphs 2) Bar Charts 3) Pie Charts 4) Flow Charts.
This is video #1 in our full-coverage series for the Data Insights section of the new GMAT Focus Edition. For updates on upcoming videos, please subscribe!
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Chapters:
00:02 Introduction
02:02 Line Graph
04:49 Line Graph + Questions
09:41 Bar Chart
11:56 Bar Chart + Questions
20:32 Pie Chart
23:28 Pie Chart + Questions
29:04 Flow Chart
31:12 Flow Chart + Questions
41:18 Conclusion
the last question is amazing. I almost fell for the trap of "must not" in "pay on exit" category. Great explanation Dana
My hair is at risk of being pulled out due to these questions! What would we do without you, GMAT Ninja?
Thanks a ton, Dana and team!
Haha, thank you so much for the kind words! I'm sure that your hair still looks great. :)
Have fun studying, and keep us posted on your progress!
very confusing explaining last question,
I also don't understand why (B) Pays on entry___(A)boarded btw 6am-6pm doesn't work??
If you say No to btw 6am-6pm then the answer goes straight to Pays on entry
EDIT: Man I wish you said there should be only 1 way to the payment outcome for the final answer!!
I too have the same question. Could you please explain it to me?
@@redhood2170 Combination (B) Pays on entry ____ (A) boarded btw 6am-6pm doesn't work because a passenger can climb on board between 6 am to 6pm but will have to pay on entry if the passenger does not have a University student ID and have not boarded on a University stop.
@@kaustubhjoshi6694 If we observe the chart once. There are 2 Ways to pay on entry and to Ride Free. But if you see the pay on EXIT, there is only one UNIQUE Ways possible if we see from bottom to up, (Simply no arrow from Pay on Entry or RIde free is being marked to pay on EXIT), Pay on Exit will must happend only with student have not presented a valid student ID
Great set of qustions. Got every question wrong, just because I didn't read the questions stems carefully, word by word.
Perfect! It's good to get those mistakes out of your system while you're watching a video, when the results don't really matter. Have fun studying, and please keep us posted on your progress!
The last question almost got me 🤣🤣
Thanks Dana! Very seamlessly explained, enjoyed the 40 mins learning something I used to immediately get afraid of before :)
Hi, Dana! Many thanks to all of you for the quality-packed content being shared for the GMAT, making complex questions simpler thanks to your conceptual explanations. For this lesson, I just had one question. For the pie chart, could we also try 1B and 2C? The gap between 0.2 and 0.4 in the females' pie chart amounts to 20%, and the label named Occasionally falls under 20% for that case. Can we continue to try out further options in spite of finding one correct answer first, assuming we still have time during the test?
Notice in the question, we're asked to find the group of respondents that indicated that they at the food AT MOST __________. This 'at most' makes all the difference in this question. If the answer to the second blank was 'occasionally,' then we'd have to look at the group of people who ate the food AT MOST occasionally. This means we'd have to count up the people who ate the food occasionally, infrequently, and rarely, which would be a little under 60% of the men and a little under 40% of the women. Since neither of these is an option for the first blank, the second blank cannot be 'occasionally'.
If we look at the graph of the females, we can see that a little under 20% of the females indicated that they ate the food rarely or infrequently, so we can say that slightly less than 20% of the females indicated that they ate the food AT MOST infrequently, making (B) and (B) the answer to this question.
I hope that helps!
@@GMATNinjaTutoring Ok, since the question wants us to find the people who ate the food AT MOST blank, we need to accordingly go through the options and from there select the ones most closely matching the criteria for AT MOST. Thanks for the clarification
That last question is so tough
just getting ready to start studies; would come back and comment under this when I score above 720
We're looking forward to it. :) Have fun studying!
The way of explaining the last question was super confussing... the rest was pretty good! Thanks!
Thanks Dana for sailing through such tough questions ! I could get just 1 out of 4 questions right.
Ah, you sound like you're embracing the pain in an absolutely wonderful way. I'm glad that you're enjoying the videos, and thank you yet again for the positivity! I love it.
- Charles
In the male female eating habit question. Shoulnt the answer be 20% of female Occasionaly?
Notice in the question, we're asked to find the group of respondents that indicated that they at the food AT MOST __________. This 'at most' makes all the difference in this question. If the answer to the second blank was 'occasionally,' then we'd have to look at the group of people who ate the food AT MOST occasionally. This means we'd have to count up the people who ate the food occasionally, infrequently, and rarely, which would be a little under 60% of the men and a little under 40% of the women. Since neither of these is an option for the first blank, the second blank cannot be 'occasionally'.
If we look at the graph of the females, we can see that a little under 20% of the females indicated that they ate the food rarely or infrequently, so we can say that slightly less than 20% of the females indicated that they ate the food AT MOST infrequently, making (B) and (B) the answer to this question.
I hope that helps!
No, If the answer was occasionally then the percent would have been " slightly less then 40% of female" which is not in the options.
@@poojasharma29002 1) 20% OF THE FEMALE AND 2) OCCASIONLY IT THINK THIS WOULD BE CORRECT ANSWER FOR THAT QUESTION ,
I THINK THEY ARE BIT CONFUSED OR I DONT KNOW WHAT THERE PROBLEM IS ,IT CLEARLY THE ANSWER I MENTION ABOVE , DO YOU THINK THIS WOULD BE CORRECT ANSWER OR YOU HAVE DIFFERENT OPINION ON THIS MATTER
@@GMATNinjaTutoringYou don’t have to count anything since you don’t have to count the NOT SURE with everything. I still don’t understand. If you count up everything, then it will sound like “100% of female respondents indicated that they ate the food at most NOT SURE”
For me, it's clearly 100% female respondents with 9% of rarely, 10% of infrequently, 18% of occasionally, 33% of frequently, and 30% of not sure.
And “At most infrequently” doesn't mean group of infrequently + rarely, and so that “At Most Not Sure” is not counting up all the respondents.
Hi @@mallobach, you're right that the "at most" doesn't work with the "not sure", but that doesn't mean it doesn't work with the other parts of the graph.
It makes perfect sense to talk about the number of people who ate the food at most rarely, at most infrequently, at most occasionally, or at most frequently. This means the question would work for any of those options. The fact that it doesn't work for "not sure" doesn't break the question, it just means we won't be asked about the number of people who ate the food "at most not sure" because that doesn't make any sense.
From this, we can say that the answers that best fit the given sentence are that slightly under 20% of the female respondents at the food at most infrequently, meaning the answers to this question are (B) and (B).
I hope that helps!
understood the use of AT MOST.😅
excellent explication using "real questions." thank you Dana
Your content is "quality" over quantity types! Excellent!
Thank you!
Damn, the last question is so fascinatingly frustrating.
Welcome to Data Insights! And you phrased that perfectly -- I don't know whether that question is fascinating, but it's fascinatingly frustrating. :)
Have fun studying!
I don't understand why B) Pay on Entry and C) Boarded at a non university stop?
Thank you, amazing explanation.
Thank you so much!
Thanks Dana, I can't quite get the pie chart food question, why "at most infrequently" includes rarely also, can you give more explanation? thanks!
It's all in the wording of "at most." If we listed all the positive numbers that were "at most" 4, our list includes all the numbers smaller than four and four itself. This means our list would be: 1, 2, 3, 4.
In this question, if we line up the categories from smallest to largest, we get: rarely, infrequently, occasionally, frequently, not sure. So if we list all the categories that are "at most" infrequently, our list would be: rarely, infrequently.
I hope that helps!
Very helpful explanation!
Hey GMAT Ninja, I'm having a great time going through your GMAT Prep playlist.
I really enjoyed how the questions were explained and walked through, but I simply do not know how to take the advice to truly understand what the graphs are conveying, stay grounded in the data and approach the question like demonstrated.
Upto the third question I was able to visualise myself slowing down, understanding the question and tackle it within roughly 3 minutes. But in the last question, the process to reach till option [C, B] feels wayyy over 5 minutes. While trying to solve it with unlimited time itself I found myself feeling like almost every pair could be correct 😅. Feels almost unrealistic to solve this in an exam environment and its time constraint.
Would really appreciate some inputs on how to actually digest such questions and be able to find an answer efficiently.
Thanks!
correct me if i am wrong, but for flowchart question if X Pays on entry, than X must not have boarded at university stop. B--C Combo works!
For the B-C answer choice combination to work, we'd need to be able to show that if a person would pay on entry to the bus then they MUST NOT have boarded at a university stop. However, that person could have boarded the bus outside the 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. window given in the first box on the flow chart, and so would have gone straight to the 'pay on entry' box at the end of the flow chart.
This means that it doesn't matter where a person boards the bus outside the 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. window, they'll pay on entry. So a person could have boarded the bus at a university stop and paid on entry as long as they boarded the bus between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. This means B-C can't be the answer to this question.
I hope that helps!
Thanks GMAT Ninjas❤
Interestingly I didn’t struggle on the last one, but the first few I did because of terminology such as: “Favored” and “At most”
Hello
For question sets, do I get a point if one answer is correct or do I need to get all questions correct to get the score?
Thanks Dana for amazing explanations with a positive demeanour. Is it recommended to eye ball the questions without going into the numbers or better to make sure by finding the numerical ratio?
For example, in Q2 the women to male ratio was quite apparent.
This is such a good video! Kudos to you
Thank you so much! Have fun studying.
Where can I find other sentences like “at most” that may change my understanding of the question?
Will DI be really this hard?
For the last question, I get the answer Dana presents.
However, why can’t it be B, B or B, C??? If a rider pays on entry, no matter what, they will NOT have presented a valid ID or boarded at an Uni stop.
Can someone please shed light?
Let's take a look at the options B-B, and B-C to see why they cannot be the correct answer. In this question, we're asked to fill in the gaps that if a passenger does X then that passenger MUST NOT have done Y. It's not enough to say the passenger might not have done Y, they MUST NOT have done Y if they end up doing X.
In the cases B-B, and B-C, we're saying X is pay on entry. So, if any of these options is correct then the passenger cannot do B, or C for the second blank and end up paying on entry. If we consider B first, it's possible that a passenger did not board the bus between 6:00 am and 6:00 pm, presented a valid student ID, and paid on entry. We cannot say the passenger MUST NOT have presented their ID, so the answer to this question is not B-B.
For C, it's possible that a passenger boarded the bus at a university stop outside the 6:00 am to 6:00 pm window. This means they would still pay on entry, but they could have boarded at a university stop. Since we can't say a passenger paying on entry MUST NOT have boarded at a university stop, the answer cannot be B-C.
If the passenger pays on exit then he MUST NOT have presented A valid university student ID. There is no way a passenger can pay on exit if they present a valid ID, which is why C-B is the answer to this question.
I hope that helps!
@@GMATNinjaTutoring Ok, so considering actions outside the 6am-6pm window seems to matter. I like the way you broke the explanation down into multiple paragraphs.
Thanks a lot!
For the pie chart question shouldn't be slightly less than 30% of female population ate at most occasionally? I may be reading the pie chart differently as each slice is out of 100, instead of additive like Dana is. I'm saying this cause Dana said that 45% of the male population ate infrequently, whereas I interpret the chart as saying 15%.
In the female pie chart, the percentage of respondents who at the food AT MOST occasionally is made up of the people who ate the food rarely, infrequently, and occasionally. We're not just looking at the size of the occasionally slice, we're looking at the size of all three slices. If we do that, the three slices go from 0.0 at the top of the pie chart round to just under 0.4. This means that just under 40% of the female respondents eat the food AT MOST occasionally.
Similarly, just under 45% of the male respondents at the food AT MOST infrequently. The size of the infrequently slice looks to be about 15% to me too, but the words "at most" make a huge difference to what we need to do in this question.
I hope that helps!
I think I get the last question. Just to make sure my understanding is right. If there was an option like
C) pays on exit and say e) exiting at a univ stop.
Then this would have been a correct option right?
Like if if pays on exit he definitely did not exit a univ stop?
I think so
Yes that is correct! The only way to "pay on exit" is to have the option of "exiting at a University stop" and to choose "No." So if you "pay on exit," you did definitely did NOT exit at a University stop.
I hope that helps!
THANKS FOR YOUR HELP,
BUT THE FOOD PIE CHART QUESTION , YOUR ANSWER THERE WAS WRONG IT WOULD BE CLEARLY
1) 20% OF THE FEMALE AND 2) OCCASIONLY
PLEASE KINDLY LOOK INTO THIS MATTER WAITING FOR YOUR REPLY
Notice in the question, we're asked to find the group of respondents that indicated that they at the food AT MOST __________. This 'at most' makes all the difference in this question.
If we listed all the positive numbers that were "at most" 4, our list includes all the numbers smaller than four and four itself. This means our list would be: 1, 2, 3, 4.
In this question, if we line up the categories from smallest to largest, we get: rarely, infrequently, occasionally, frequently, not sure. So if we list all the categories that are "at most" occasionally, our list would be: rarely, infrequently, AND occasionally.
This means that if the answer to the second blank was 'occasionally,' then we'd have to look at the group of people who ate the food AT MOST occasionally and we'd have to count up the people who ate the food occasionally, infrequently, and rarely, which would be a little under 60% of the men and a little under 40% of the women. Since neither of these is an option for the first blank, the second blank cannot be 'occasionally'.
If we look at the graph of the females, we can see that a little under 20% of the females indicated that they ate the food rarely or infrequently, so we can say that slightly less than 20% of the females indicated that they ate the food AT MOST infrequently, making (B) and (B) the answer to this question.
I hope that helps!
I think the explanation for B B on the last question was not as clear. Would it have been more simple to say if a passenger did NOT present a student ID, they could still pay on entry by not boarding at a university stop.
Isn't (B,C) the perfect answer for Question 3 (pie chart Qn)
Notice in the question, we're asked to find the group of respondents that indicated that they at the food AT MOST __________. This 'at most' makes all the difference in this question. If the answer to the second blank was 'occasionally,' then we'd have to look at the group of people who ate the food AT MOST occasionally. This means we'd have to count up the people who ate the food occasionally, infrequently, and rarely, which would be a little under 60% of the men and a little under 40% of the women. Since neither of these is an option for the first blank, the second blank cannot be 'occasionally'.
If we look at the graph of the females, we can see that a little under 20% of the females indicated that they ate the food rarely or infrequently. This means we can say that slightly less than 20% of the females indicated that they ate the food AT MOST infrequently, making (B) and (B) the answer to this question.
I hope that helps!
@@GMATNinjaTutoring So it's a language thing, Got it. Then the AT MOST alone makes this question way difficult than it actually is.
still confused with the pie chart answer( 28:18 ) for me option B and C are also working perfectly fine.
looking for some explanation on this.
Notice in the question, we're asked to find the group of respondents that indicated that they at the food AT MOST __________. This 'at most' makes all the difference in this question. If the answer to the second blank was 'occasionally,' then we'd have to look at the group of people who ate the food AT MOST occasionally. This means we'd have to count up the people who ate the food occasionally, infrequently, and rarely, which would be a little under 60% of the men and a little under 40% of the women. Since neither of these is an option for the first blank, the second blank cannot be 'occasionally'.
If we look at the graph of the females, we can see that a little under 20% of the females indicated that they ate the food rarely or infrequently, so we can say that slightly less than 20% of the females indicated that they ate the food AT MOST infrequently, making (B) and (B) the answer to this question.
I hope that helps!
@@GMATNinjaTutoring I am really sorry I don't think I understood the explanation properly
For me the keyword "slightly less than" was jumping out and I wanted to ensure that whatever I select it should be just SLIGHTLY less than that
From the pie chart for female we can clearly see that SUM of Rarely and Infrequently is just less than 20% and it appears that rarely and infrequently have more or less the same contribution[ However, this can not be done with surety] and the sum of rarely and infrequently gives us approximately 19 percent, so individual value of infrequently/rarely will be close to 10%
But, if we chose Occasionally for 2nd question then we can say that it's %age will be just slightly less than 20%
Thanks
@user-ow3je9zj5b You're absolutely right that the Occasionally group for the females contains slightly less than 20% of the total number of females in the survey. However, if we examine how many females "indicated that they ate the food AT MOST occasionally," then we'd have to look at how many females ate the food rarely, infrequently, AND occasionally.
The AT MOST makes a huge difference to this question. If those two words were not in the question, then you'd be 100% correct in your answer. However, those words are there and we have to keep them in mind when we answer the question. If we examine how many females ate the food rarely, infrequently, AND occasionally, we'll see that this is slightly less than 40% of the females. Since there is no option for the first blank that says "40% of the females," the second blank cannot be occasionally.
I hope that helps!
@@GMATNinjaTutoring Makes sense now.
Thanks a lot for helping me understand this question
@@GMATNinjaTutoring
I just wanted to express my sincere gratitude to y'all and give you an update on my score.
Yesterday I wrote my GMAT and scored 675(Q90 V80 DI81)
Thanks for putting in all the hardwork :)
Would the combinations B->A or B->C work for the last question?
A passenger can pay on entry and board between 6:00 am and 6:00 pm if they do not present a valid university I.D. and did not board at a university stop. This route through the flow chart shows why B->A does not work as an answer to this question.
A passenger could pay on entry and board at a university stop as long as they do not board the bus between 6:00 am and 6:00 pm. This route through the flow chart eliminates B->C as a potential correct answer.
I hope that helps!
@@GMATNinjaTutoring
Hi Dana, I have a doubt...
For last question, answer should be *pays on entry* then he must not have boarded between 6am-6pm i.e B A
This path provides straight answer by eliminating all paths isn't it?
Why doesn't 'rides free' and must not have 'boarded between 6 am and 6 pm' work? If the passenger is boarding between 6 am and 6 pm, they might or might not ride free. However, if they are not boarding between 6 am and 6 pm, there is not path for them to ride free
This question asks us if the passenger does X then they MUST NOT have done Y. Since it's possible to find a route where the passenger boards the bus between 6 am and 6 pm AND rides for free, we cannot say that if a passenger rides for free then they MUST NOT have boarded the bus between 6 am and 6 pm.
It's not enough to find a route that might or might not work, we need to know what they MUST NOT have done. Since the only pair of options that satisfy this requirement is if the passenger pays on exit then they MUST NOT have presented a valid university ID, the answer to this question is (C) and (B).
I hope that helps!
the last question doesnt seems right to me. someone can board out of 6am-6pm range, and does or doesn't provide an university student id, and ends up paying on entry.
If someone boards the bus outside of the 6am-6pm range, they'll definitely pay on entry and they do not have to present a valid student ID. However, this is not the only way someone can reach the 'pay on entry' box on the flow chart. Someone could reach this box if they board the bus within the 6am-6pm range and present a student ID but don't board at a University stop.
This question asks us: if a passenger does X, then that passenger MUST NOT have done Y. Since it is possible for a passenger to pay on entry to the bus while having done any of the three options for the second blank, the first blank cannot be 'pay on entry.' For a passenger to pay as they exit the bus, they MUST NOT have presented a University ID. This is the only combination of answers that makes the whole sentence work, which makes these two options the correct answer to this question.
I hope that helps!
Hi@@GMATNinjaTutoring
I've question regarding your answer to this comment: "Someone could reach this box ('pay on entry' box) if they board the bus within the 6am-6pm range and present a student ID but don't board at a University stop."
I think if they present a valid student ID, there's no way they can end up at 'pay on entry' box.
If "they board the bus within the 6am-6pm range and present a student ID but don't board at a University stop.", i think they should end up at 'Ride Free' box anyways
Please correct me if I'm wrong
i donot understand the flowchart answer. how do u know that if he must not hv presented the id then there are still 2 pathways dependent on whether he boarded at the university stop
Because the first box is boarded between 6AM and 6PM, if the answer is NOT in the time frame, we do not know whether they would board at the university stop or not because it is not mentioned. We are looking for MUST NOT as a box to have a "NO", but if the first box is NO, there is instantly "pay on entry". Did I answer your question?
isn't the line crossing 0.2 in question 3 how is it slightly less than 20%
I'm not 100% sure what you mean when you say the line is crossing 0.2 in Q3. If you let me know which line you'd like to ask about, I'll do what I can to help!
thanks
Thank you for watching!
I think your interpretation of the last question is incorrect. It doesn't actually matter if a valid university id is present or not. As long as someone boards after 6 PM, they HAVE to pay up is how the flow exists. Otherwise the NO flow for the 6 AM -6 PM gating question would have led back to the valid student id one. So the right answer to me is B on the left and A on the right.
If someone boards the bus outside of the 6am-6pm range, they'll definitely pay on entry and they do not have to present a valid student ID. However, this is not the only way someone can reach the 'pay on entry' box on the flow chart. Someone could reach this box if they board the bus within the 6am-6pm range, don't present a valid student ID, and don't board at a University stop.
This question asks us: if a passenger does X, then that passenger MUST NOT have done Y. Since it is possible for a passenger to pay on entry to the bus while having done any of the three options for the second blank, the first blank cannot be 'pay on entry.' For a passenger to pay as they exit the bus, they MUST NOT have presented a University ID. This is the only combination of answers that makes the whole sentence work, which makes these two options the correct answer to this question.
I hope that helps!
@@GMATNinjaTutoring this definitely helps. Wow. To traverse this logic tree within 2 minutes is going to be hard. Under exam pressure. But thanks for the explanation.
the explanation for the last question felt quite confusing. answer felt more like B-A
If someone boards the bus outside of the 6am-6pm range, they'll definitely pay on entry and they do not have to present a valid student ID. However, this is not the only way someone can reach the 'pay on entry' box on the flow chart. Someone could reach this box if they board the bus within the 6am-6pm range, don't present a valid student ID, and don't board at a University stop.
This question asks us: if a passenger does X, then that passenger MUST NOT have done Y. Since it is possible for a passenger to pay on entry to the bus while having done any of the three options for the second blank, the first blank cannot be 'pay on entry.' For a passenger to pay as they exit the bus, they MUST NOT have presented a University ID. This is the only combination of answers that makes the whole sentence work, which makes these two options the correct answer to this question.
I hope that helps!
@@GMATNinjaTutoring now got it . thanks
in the last question if the blank was "must have" then would the answer would have been if a bus passenger pays on exit , then that passenger must have boarded at a university stop . Right @GMATNinja
Correct me if I'm wrong. If the passenger pays on exit then he must not have presented A valid university student ID. However he also could have boarded at university stop, in which case he would have to "pay on entry". Similarly he could have exited at university stop resulting in a "free ride." so I am not sure why C-B combo is the only correct answer. In my view B-A or B-B or B-C could also be an answer.
Let's take a look at the three options B-A, B-B, and B-C to see why they cannot be the correct answer. In this question, we're asked to fill in the gaps that if a passenger does X then that passenger MUST NOT have done Y. It's not enough to say the passenger might not have done Y, they MUST NOT have done Y if they end up doing X.
In the three cases B-A, B-B, and B-C, we're saying X is pay on entry. So, if any of these options is correct then the passenger cannot do A, B, or C and end up paying on entry. If we consider A first, a passenger can board the bus between 6 am and 6 pm, not present a valid student ID, not board at a university stop, and end up paying on entry. This means it is not true that a passenger MUST NOT board the bus between 6:00 am and 6:00 pm for them to pay on entry, so B-A is not an answer to this question.
Looking at B next, it's possible that a passenger did not board the bus between 6:00 am and 6:00 pm, presented a valid student ID, and paid on entry, so the answer to this question is not B-B. Similarly, a passenger could board the bus outside the 6:00 am to 6:00 pm window at a University stop and paid on entry, so the answer to this question is not B-C.
As you say, if the passenger pays on exit then he MUST NOT have presented A valid university student ID. There is no way a passenger can pay on exit if they present a valid ID, which is why C-B is the answer to this question.
I hope that helps!