How does laser cooling work?
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- Опубликовано: 30 сен 2024
- Laser hair removal video: • Science of Laser Hair ...
Veritasium: / veritasium
How can light be used to cool atoms and molecules ? Lasers are known to burn things, fix eyes, and dance on powerpoint presentations. But they can also be used to cool objects to some of the coldest temperatures in the universe.
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Creator: Dianna Cowern
Writer: Sophia Chen
Animations: Kyle Norby
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Stock visuals: Pixabay.com and shutterstock.com
Music: APM and RUclips
Laser Cooling animation: NOVA
Animations: Kyle Norby
Cool topic, to within just a fraction of a degrees of absolute zero Kelvin.
Close, but no cigar. We don't use degrees when working with kelvin (-;
+Sybrand Botes; Rankine° then
Cold pun.
Eugene! Fancy seeing you here!
You are the best. Every day I look forward to you continuing to upload videos, they are all very good and very explanatory.
I thank you very much for your work
Laser hair removal? Why would you want laser hair removed? Laser hair sounds awesome!
+carbon417 That's not nearly as fun.
naikrovek lol i want laser hair too
Lasers! Pew, pew!
xkcd 1681.
Nah I would burn myself
What a team! You guys are awesome!!
Thanks!
+Physics Girl -- is the short animation (including the cute "piu piu" laser noise) also seen on the thumbnail made by Anna Rothchild from Gross Science?
***** oh. really. I missed this, thanks
4:17 quantum, buzzword to try to sound smart, get grant money, no applications
4:25 atomic, a word that's been used for a long time by reputable scientists with ACTUAL applications.
#dianrek
Cool video (bad pun intended) :) But you omitted the crucial point to laser cooling actually working. After the photon is absorbed, it's not the end of the story yet! An electron will move in said atom to a higher energy state, and will eventually go back to original (as in, lowest) energy state, and emit a photon (with equal wavelength and hence energy and momentum). But it will do so in random direction. Hence, over many absorptions-emissions, overall momentum gain from emitting photons will cancel out - so in the end we successfully slowed the particle down in one direction :)
Thanks for the explanation ! i was wondering about energy conservation, now it's all fine ! ^^
@@gnanay8555 yeah I was looking for this comment
Does this work in a free air like wireless way with any frequency on the electromagnetic spectrum? Reminds me of inverse signals to subtract out say sound in active noise cancelling ways. Basically seems like the same principle with the electric and magnetic field just at higher energy I'm guessing and maybe not so much electric, nuclear, vibrational and rotational energies and the transitional energy more-so? Or am I overthinking and trying to simplify the paradigm of thinking?
Seems like really complicated in a not coherent waveform system... with scattering real time studying of the systems to counter all the systems observed magnitudes and direction.
When an atom emits a photon even spontaneously in a random direction, it will get a kick. So on average, there is heating too. The important thing is to explain how the heating is less than the cooling.
I find it interesting that a book called "Sex at dawn" is in the same shelf with a book about Feynman and one about "Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos" :D
+pcfreak1992
You should see my bookshelves.
+pcfreak1992 Good eye. I had too look for it:) ...while we are on the subject - it is kinetic and potential energy used in motion and the preservation of momentum and plasticity of the material and orgasmic use of bernoulli equation when it pops,... Sooooo, it's still in the realms of physic;)
Nonlinear dynamics and chaos!? That sounds like a very useful book. I study control systems with linearization. I took a look at fractional derivative PID's too. You see who wrote the book or know any good articals on nonlinear modeling?
I think has something to do with conservation of matter and mass and energy conjugating to form new masses. I'm not a physicist though... but man... I can use some tutoring with Physics Girl. :-|)
i also saw that :D
Now I know why you are so cool. Ping pong balls.
Haha. Nice.
+Physics Girl I don't get it?
+Gheotic Look at 1:50 where Derrick is throwing ping pong balls to slow Dianna down, thus cooing her.
Clever
She is WAY to hot to be cooled by mere ping pong balls!!
Excellent explanation. Now, you can do a video on the Bose-Einstein state.
"Cool down man! Chill Out!" and Derek's face at 0:49 :D LOL
Que the Tony Stark memes. XD
*Linus wants to know your location*
MIT got a ~1g mirror to 0.8 K using laser cooling, the impressive part is that they use lasers for such a large object. In central neutron scattering facilities, you can routinely take more than a gram down to 0.05 K, with dilution refrigerators, and much more than a gram to 0.3 K with He-3 sorption refrigerators. This is something I have done on ~2g samples, multiple times.
Why does the video try to make the girl stupid? She is obviously intelligent but the guy shows up and puts her in her place. Seriously ?
You and Derek looks so cute together! ha ha nice
You guys are amazing, but i bet you can't run Crysis.
really?
+Đivector Kyané LOL
+Đivector Kyané Best comment ever in youtube history
Nice
I bet they can't run a Rover for a year.. those things just keep breaking down
veritasium I can tell you are nervous in front of the physics girl =]
this ship sails itself
Choo chooo
LMAOO!
after the laser burning sesion i can understand that XD
He's chilling... :-)
Could you do a video on Bose-Einstein Condensates and teleportation? Laser cooling is used in researching this area. As far as I know, only photons have been teleported in this manner. What is the current state of research? Very enjoyable video, and an excellent explanation.
I wish I had a Physics Girlfriend
@@RubbittTheBruise Schroedinger's girlfriend?
Does she exist? Or does she not?
Maybe both? Who knows?
did she forget to take that book off her shelf before recording?
Lmfao
+Jason Banfield What book?
Maybe it's an Easter egg or maybe it was for Easter
Haha, good catch
i don't think it's about what you think it's about
Hmm, I found Derek a bit distracting in the video this time. Especially when Diana was explaining how the cooling works - or rather, was *trying* to explain it.
+blizzy1978 I totally agree! Derek is great and I've been a long time subscriber but watching Diana explain and get cut-off gives me third-hand annoyance, you know what I mean?
+h. omuzu Yeah, I was thinking, wtf is he doing.
+blizzy1978 love will do strange things to people
Dianna, you pronounced it wrong. We all know it's Dirk from Veristablium.
+3rdWheel - I thought it was Dork from Verytastyum... But maybe Bradley from 'Nutherfile got it wrong.
+AdenineMonkey Isn't it Dirl from Verblium or did Brandon from Peridot Vimdos get it wrong too?
No it's the Duke from Vatican.
Karl Frederik Færch Fischer Possibly, but Brandy from Commuter Pile might have the answer... Nah, let's ask CGI Brown!
It's a freeze ray! I could totally become a supervillain now!
+Shawn Ravenfire You'd have to also have a mirror ray so that you could place mirrors to reflect your freeze ray in all six directions. Sorry.
+Shawn Ravenfire i.ytimg.com/vi/CCKzx4nF0Z4/hqdefault.jpg
Joshua Jurgensmeier mirror master and captain cold!
0:55 “boiling water” what are her hands made of?
Physics, obviously. Name is right there on the tin.
2 Americans (Steven Chu and William D. Phillips) and one French (William D. Phillips) physicists earned the Nobel price for that ! So yes, it is quite cool ^^
Thanks for this video (and all the others) you do great job.
My 8th-grade science project was to mimic a laser. We did it about 7 years after the ruby laser was invented ( May 16, 1960, by Ted Maiman at Hughes Research Labs).
Anyway, our project was extremely advanced. We took a magnifying glass and put a bright light behind it and put a match in front of the lens. The match actually ignited about a half hour later. We made the front page of our local newspaper because nobody had ever heard of a laser before.
Very interesting anecdote. While a perfectly reasonable science fair project, just having that catch word catapulted it to the news. Thanks for sharing.
I'm not sure I'd consider that _advanced_ for 8th grade, though, unless it was a specialized single-frequency bulb, making a it a little bit more like a laser...much younger kids have been burning ants with magnifying glasses for generations, and a light bulb is the heart of the classic Easy Bake Oven.
@@VoltisArt I was trying to be facetious in how marginal our project was. I guess it didn't go over very well, but thanks for the comment anyway.
I just found about your channel thanks to Veritasium ! Your videos are great ! The content is interesting and you explain things in a way that's easy to follow, entertaining and insightful. Can't believe I haven't heard about your channel before ! Being a first year physics student, I find your videos really helpful. Keep up the good work ! :)
+9WaterDragon7 thanks for checking it out!
The thing I love the most about you- You always go that one extra step with the explanation. All the other videos about laser cooling left the blueshift part and got me confused. Now I see the genius behind the idea
Breed and make perfect children. Our society is dying. You're obligated to.
If lasers make things hot, shouldn't we use high powered lasers on ugly people?
you just got burned
You might get burned though
All the couple joke aside (which I sincerely hope is true), you two should start a talk show where just you two talking about science.
Can this be an actual thing? Like a science talk show on RUclips that's unscripted. That'd just be amazing.
+Spencer Geller Yes. Please be an actual thing...
+Spencer Geller its scripted
Snatoms in the back
Two little lovebirds sitting in a tree...........Enjoy both of your videos.
It's always super fun to watch Dianna and Derek together in a video!!
"putting out a candle by using a flame thrower"
Challenge accepted
Were you successful, or are you now an arsonist?
(Hmm, not mutually exclusive... lol)
their new video collab: the Physics of Love (self experiment)
Science of flirting 😉science of touch
+Eden Lumbroso GONE SEXUAL
How does one measure temperature when it's less than 1 degree K? Like, at those temperatures, wouldn't you actually increase the temperature by attempting to measure it with some kind of device, scanner, etc.? Is it just a guess?
+Triumvirate888 That's a really good question. Here's one way: measuring the magnetization of atoms. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091207173626.htm
+Physics Girl Awesome! Thanks.
I ship you guys......
to Indian Ocean.
+Connor Brennan Didn't get it ?
+Connor Brennan No? Tell me what does it mean srsly
That profile pic.
you got me in the first half, ngl
So can you create a machine using laser cooling like microwave(which is used for instant heating) for instant cooling....it takes really long time to make ice..
+Naveen Kumar I was just thinking about that. An instant ice-cube maker on demand, ha.
Should it not work with 4 lasers in a tetrahedron as well? You can create any 3D vector by adding vectors in tetrahedral directions. The math is a little more complex, but you're looking at a mostly uniform distribution of vectors for the atoms, so would even out, right?
edit: aargh, spelling
I love it when 2 of my favorite RUclips content creators come together to make a video. Kinda like when the Flintstones met the Jetsons.
I’m surprised these 2 never had a love child together - imagine the super smart videos that would come out of that kid!!
This blows my mind. I've always loved lasers but never thought of these possibilities. But makes sense. Once again thank you Physics Girl.
Could we possible slow down global warming with thousands of lasers pointing into the atmosphere?
It will of course not stop pollution, but could we perhaps control the climate someday?
cute girlfriend Derek ;)
Savage
+Spencer Geller, She's not that bad ...
+Vaibhav Shah Why do you say that?
+Vaibhav Shah apparently he isn't not from what I've found
he also isn't wearing a wedding ring. The one ring he has in this video appears to be on his pinky. Not definitive, just less likely that he isn't married. Doesn't really matter anyhow lol. Unless you are secretly hoping to meet and woo derek into marriage...
1:50 I can not stop replaying this scene it's hilarious😂😆😂😆😂😆😂😆
Quantum computing would really benefit from this, maybe make cubits useable from home one day 😲
Blow out a candle using a flamethrower.
Okay, if you mean it's impossible.
Challenge accepted.
Do you get marriage proposals with each new video? If so, does it bother you? If not, would it bother you?
1:13 was that The Master Chief?
The video is interesting but the two-presenter thing isn't really working, it's awkward and distracting.
physics girl and veritasium what a great combination 😀
Oh and if you want actual applications try maxwell's equations or quantum tunneling.
I thought this video is about physics. But why I only see full hot chemistry here?
I ship them 😍😍
How come the higher energy photons released from the atoms after absorption doesn't once again get absorbed by another particle
When I saw both of your videos in my subscriptions feed, I was hoping you guys would be doing a collab. Yes!
Where does the energy of the laser and the atom go? Does the atom reflect the laser adding energy making it a smaller wavelength or something?
If the wavelength must be tuned to just longer than the absorption wavelengh of a still particle, does it mean that only elemental substances can be laser cooled?
Because, how would you tune the wavelength to more than one kind of atoms?
+William Rowe Actually, its possible that some atoms in the mixture may have wavelength equal to that of the laser. in that case they can get heated
We've tried different frequencies and directions but our cat always speeds up with a laser.
What do I need to experiment with laser cooling at home?
+cimmik A small loan of a million dollars
+Dwg thats why USA needs trump for president
+The-BGR Spot WTF? hahahaha
wtf! I started watching this channel to get away from that dorky guy and now he's here too! how annoying.
Diana, Derek Kissen. Wow, who would have thought.
You're awesome. Hey - is that a bunch of #snatoms on the shelf behind you...?
This is really cool, but there's one bit I don't understand. When the photon is absorbed by the molecule and slows it down, where does that energy go? Normally I'd imagine a molecule absorbing energy to gain kinetic energy and speed up. Is a photon emitted by the particle, does the energy just excite the electrons without effecting the motion of the molecule, or something else?
+DemolitionTurtle the photon is re-emitted in a random direction - so the atom picks up some random motion, but given six lasers over time the average motion reduces through these interactions. We thought about discussing this in the video but it's complicated.
It emits another photon, but at a different frequency because of the Doppler effect again.
+Veritasium Oh, cool, that makes sense! Does that mean that the emitted photon has a bit more energy than the absorbed photon to account for the energy loss of the atom over time?
P.s. thanks for the response; I didn't expect your or Dianna to see this :P I always both of your channels' videos, and these ones were no exception!
+DemolitionTurtle The photon gets reemitted in a random direction. As long as the direction is different than the one the photon was going the molecule slows down.
We miss you SO MUCH ‼💝💝 Please get well soon ‼💝💝💝
Mandatory dumb comment: Laser cooling? Why would you need to cool a laser...?
Actually the need to cool a laser is more obvious than possibility to cool something with laser. Lasers can heat a lot when they emit.
+Unbelievable I know and I put the first half there to indicate the joke :P
But yeah, lasers are really a pain in the back to cool IRL
I know, right? Btw boiler for sale m8...
+cyancoyote Don't. Not here. :D
Lasers are already cool. 😎
4:38 Laser cooling helps you find the nearest Starbucks.
Where does the energy go? If the atoms are losing kinetic energy the energy of the sytem has to be conserved so energy must be emitted in some form right?
+MCTimTime Seems to make sense. I am guessing they emit the energy in form of light, but possibly in several lower energy photons, and in random directions. This would leave them with over all lower speed and thus lower energy.
ehm... think abut it bro.. photon hits atom.. clash.. break.. its obviously friktion and therefore radiating heat.. duh..
+MCTimTime
i see no other way than electro magnetic radiation (i also know no other way, still have to learn)
Electron(s) absorb the photon and bring excited they hop up to a higher electron orbital then hop back down to their original level emitting a photon in a random direction
Wonderful episode,
I'm a big fan of both of you separately...
& to see both explaining something that I didn't know anything about, was just epic.
Thanks folks
Pretty sure i called this happening in the last video he cameo'd in! :D
+jacob strange i don't remember what video that was. but Derek did help me film bits of another video while i was up working on this collab.
+Physics Girl It was the 5 ways to put out a candle! that didn't take long to find at all. And do you mean to say there's more of him to come on this channel? :D
make a video on Fourier transforms and how they can be used in Fraunhofer diffraction
You two should make a baby and name it Diek. Di from Dianna, ek from Derek.
+scikick Dem Frisian jokes!
Could we get a video on how current and magnets interact? Like showing the basics of a motor and how to make your own homopolar motor at home. The DIY physics projects are always the best ones.
Go check out Eugene khutoryansky's physics videos, they cover those topics and they are very well explained
Dear Physics Girl and Derek. The world needs your babies. Please start making babies.
How to scale up to fight hurricanes? Then scale up x10^9 to fight climate change?
So it ONLY works with 6 lacers OR does it work BETER with 6 lacers?
You need the laserlight from 6 directions
you only need 4 for all directions
5:37
She looks like the daughter of the land lord of Peter Parker's rental home who always asks for rent in spiderman
this is soo cool and counter intuitive!!!
This might be approaching what I was hoping for.
Cars are getting many times more miles per gallon.
A microwave oven can cook many times faster than a regular oven..
But the air conditioner has not made great leaps in cutting down energy consumption.
I thought there's got to be something like a microwave in reverse. Imagine for car or tent or house, having a 15,000 BTU Conditioner that runs off a simple rechargeable battery
Could this lazor thing be the answer?
I ship them
nuuuuu ;-;
This guys, are awesome and I'm subscribed to both of them, but they are totally "scientists(colleagues) with benefits" :D
We need laser cooler for our computers! :D
Wow, that's a good idea, never thought of that..
The race will never stop
laser cooling was one of that things that we I knee how it worked it just blew my mind, and then, after some thinking it could not be more obvious. that's the reason I love quantics, aways being obvius/nonobvius.
+Hector Rodrigues Yes! Blew my mind too. I was really surprised, then it.. made sense!
READ THE MICRO EXPRESSIONS
THERE IS MORE TO THIS VIDEO THAN JUST LASERS
+Vishwas Chauhan FYI, watch the video of derek with the lser hair removal, at the end he said that it was her idea to do it, in order to remove a weird patch of hair that he has on his shoulder... How did she noticed this patch of hair?? (my guess that it wasn't through scientific reasearch)
+Ur Sodead I did watch that video. Oh yes. We're onto them. I'm shipping them already.
So will there come a day when a microwave oven is fitted with lasers to make food chilled as well as hot?
If Derek and Diana had a kid, this world would be a better place.
would that kid be twice as annoying to listen?
He is married, please dont ship real people, only created ones
not likely, he looks like a soy boy
I had exactly that same reaction as you when I learned about laser cooling in my modern physics class a couple weeks ago. Really fascinating stuff.
these two dude, these two.
How does such dramatic cooling and such temperature differentials work thermodynamically? Wouldn’t heat from surrounding particles move to the supercooled atom? What about atoms surrounding it? Would they collide and slow down (losing temperature) as well? Is that why we can’t truly reach absolute zero?
I got one question left.
Where does the energie of the light go?
into the atom
TuluCorp. Research So then the atom has more energie... so shouldn't it then shake more?
Jonathan Dirks i dunno im no physicist, i just took my Information from the video
Ya sadly they didn't go into details with it, but once you have hit an atom with this laser the electron shell now has excess energy which it can't hold and will give it off as another photon right after. The trick is that exiting photon has a higher energy then the incoming directional photon so overall atoms loose energy.
Just found this channel - great stuff! :)
We don't get to see something laser cooled?
Sonic the hedgehog is this cool
+Pata Fea sonic hedgehog is a transcription factor dude. get your sh*t together m8.
I feel like Dianna and Derek are dating, seems pretty obvious to me
+inyustio holy crap, that's funny. I honestly would never have noticed lol
+inyustio lool
lasers make things hot? how many lasers are on you right now?
+Call the cops, IDGAF smoooth :D
Scientist 1: (Jokingly) Hur, hur, hur, lets cool it with lasers
Scientist 2: Wait, how do we make that work?
Who ships them real hard?
Me Me Me Me Me!!
Okay so we now know how laser cooling works, but now how do they measure the temperature of the supercooled matter? You can't just stick an ordinary thermometer in there, right?
Maybe you can measure the frequency of thermal radiation?
Are they dating?
+NicholasG28 nope.
+Physics Girl I don't believe you.
+NicholasG28 we all know Derek is dating Vanessa from BrainCraft ;)
+Kronn ahahah
+Kronn Derek is more like the Sultan of the Lab. haha
woa woa woa, GPS on a CELL-Phone what science fiction you are dealing with guys...
Are you two dating?
it's called a collaboration
Kepler Born That doesn't stop them from dating you know, they could do both.
Smh
There was zero chemistry. They were awkward at the beginning and confrontational at the end...that means the was a promotional collaboration, not a dating announcement.
***** Exactly. Thank you
Two of my favorite people. Thanks.
5:45 getting a little hanzy there Derek. ;)
haha
Dianna+Derick ÷ Physics³ = ®™²
you only need 4 lasers, not 6
Oh good, I thought I was crazy or misunderstanding something.
Why just 4?
+Chow Tom arrange them at the corners of a triangular pyramid, pointing inwards. This gives you vectors covering all six cardinal directions.
that's 2d atoms are 3d
Chiren Shah You can cover every 3d angle by using 4 lasers. They just aren't arranged at right angles. Same as you could cover every 2d angle by using 3 lasers.