The reason why they didn’t use elephants often was because most of the elephants actually died in the alps, they were a great intimidation factor, but not very useful in practical combat in Italy.
SEA mainland countries often use elephants in war in the history. It took 3 people to control an elephant, so they are often limited to those with higher rankings.
Im not sure about this but apparently the "Dark ages" didnt really mean that Europe was going through a bad time, it actually had less conflicts compared the past. But it just kinda meant that not a lot of people were recording the history for this time period.
The way I always understood it was it was called the "dark ages" because we lost so much in the way of tech and forms of government. I mean we went from having water irrigation and elected officials when the Romans were around, then it all fell apart and we were sitting in our own excrement and living under the rule of despotic kings.
In France, they teach us about the interwar period. There was a lot going on in our country at that time (the Great Depression, Léon Blum and the Front Populaire, the 1934 Crisis...)
@@Betterhose Yes, most of the European countries had things going on during this period, of course Germany with the Weimar Republic and the ascension of He-who-must-not-be-named, Italy had the bald guy and the colonization of Ethiopia, Spain had their civil war... So I don't really know where the people who made the meme could come from.
3:11 As a European I disagree. They teach as about things that happened before, in between and after both world wars. Such as ancient civilisations, founding of our countries, medieval ages, industrial revolution, rebuilding of countries after WW1, cold war, conflicts that happens outside of Europe after WW2 and others
3:07 Oh boy you should have seen our high school history class. We've spent about a month talking about interwar stuff. Great right? NO! Most of the time we were focusing on our country's politics. So while we could be talking about conflicts between Japan & China, Spanish Civil war or the rise of no-no Germans and Italians, we were taught who won Czechoslovakian parliamentary elections of 1935 (yes ms. Teacher we were all incredibly hyped to learn about fkn Rudolf BERAN).
Thankfully my school has separate national history and general history classes, so i learned about Vargas and the Estado Novo in Brazil separately from Spanish Civil War, Great Depression, the rise of no-no Germans and Italian and the solidification of USSR. It kinda helps that my country's history from that time is actually very interesting too.
11:33 I don’t think siege engines are supposed to be used in field battle so their mobility is irrelevant that is if they even have any mobility at all. Catapult is also limited by it’s mechanism, therefore can not throw large enough rock to damage high medieval castles. The trebuchet is renowned for its ability to devastate walls, not it’s range. Usually the moment the sieging army finishes building their trebuchet, the castle or city surrender immediately.
reminds me of warwolf the largest trebuchet ever built it was. used against the Scottish in a Independence war (vs king of England) able to launch 135 kilograms (298 lb) boulders from distance of up to 200 metres (660 ft) they surendered before it was finished but continued anyway to damage the castle (to damage there prestige and military and make the people submit to him easier
They are the same person. Sorry if it was a joke Dang I'm actually sorry looking back I'll just go with the joke my bad I feel so idiotic i am about to cringe to death
11:00 I forgot where I read it and what actual topic it was on, either History, Zoology, or Latin, but the reason why War Elephants weren't used much is because they're incredibly intelligent creatures and have instincts to steer away from conflict, loud noises, etc. They're not as effective on the battle field as they are as an intimidation tool.
CORRECTION: 🇮🇳 India and Yugoslavia together came up with the THIRD BLOC and co developed one of the most complex foreign policies out there .. Yugoslavia is gone but India 🇮🇳 is still making quite a good use of that policy.. India 🇮🇳 today is a strategic partner of both russia 🇷🇺 and US 🇺🇸 , very few r capable of such feat and we r really thank TITO for his contribution..
And I think the other founding members are Indonesia, Egypt, and Ghana Edit: googled it and the founders of the NAM are: Jawaharlal Nehru (India), Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), Sukarno (Indonesia), Gamal Abdel Nassar (Egypt), and Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana)
The meme about history books missing the interwar period between ww1 and ww2 is actually funny because my school teaches the other way around we haven't done ww1 or 2 only in between
I’m guessing the reason elephants were not common mounts is 1 because of higher food intake cost so they eat a lot of food 2 the are open and also slow allowing them to get hit by any thing ranged easily 3 because it might have been hard to tame them.
Also Elephants don’t cause a lot of casualties. Most of the damage dealt is on the enemies morale. Against a well trained army that is used to fighting elephants, they don’t have much used.
You mean domesticate- The African Elephant was never the beast of burden that the Asian Subspecies were and are. Hannibal's crossing the Alps was a major feat of logistics for the day. Nevertheless, over the long term, he would lose the war, and Carthage was ground to dust. Rome built the first really professional standing army and at the time they were very very good at what they did.
the problem was that elephants take a lot of time to reproduce and mature and so it was expensive as hell to use them, horses really were the ultimate war animal
There's Also the fact that elephants are surprisingly easy to spook, and are too big to manhandle when 'unruly' like say being spooked on the battlefield
2:16 "Others" is supposed to be a joke about a guy who is homeless, rejected by art school, And finally he presented the redrawed map of Europe. Oh also 91% pick "Others" because that reason.
6:40 in case you want to know the Latin phrase. In the first line the Caesar said: “quis est? (Who’s this)” and then “milites, istum barbaram removete (troops, remove this barbarian”
10:18 Basically, Italy unified in 1861 as a kingdom but didn't have Rome, which still belonged to the Papal States, and was protected by a corps of French soldiers (capital switched between Turin and Florence). When the French soldiers left to fight in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, the Italians stormed Rome and took it. The pope considered himself prisoner and the "Roman Question" about the pope's temporal authority continued until the Lateran Treaty in 1929, signed under Mussolini, which created the micro-state of the Vatican.
About elefant being used in war reminded me that the old Indian Empire like mauriya and Gupta's have a ton of elephants in the army and they used them for war a lot even other empires that were sacred or impressed even when those empires were also in there golden age back in the centuries
@@IcefPr. ya but oringe is from India as in past only Africa had elefant and india was attached to Africa European area was not suited for elefants most southEastern countries are small and island ( and chole even used navy to attack and won ) and indian Kingdom had tons of them
You don't need to run nor does it take days. You just need to follow the deer for an hour. I did this in high school trying to get photos for a photography class. Its much easier when they are to tired to move.
3:00 Well my Teacher basically skipped everything from WW1 besides the Versaille Treaty and did a lot of stuff with the Weimar Republic and then skipped WW2 again
3:09 We had to fricking go through every single detail about norwegian politics in between WW1 and WW2. It was hell. I was one of the few who survived. Barely.
In Polish history books we definitely had A LOT of things to talk about in the between two wars interval, the WAR with Bolsheviks being one of them for example...
When Drew makes a joke about Roman emperors and months and completely missed the chances to say Septimius and Octavius(or Octavian (who's also known as Augustus))(and yes I know the months are just named after the Roman numbers 7 and 8 and are actually the 9th and 10th months due to July and August be added by Julius Caesar and Octavius, better known as Augustus.
10:20 that was around the time Italy was being united by the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont and the guerilla fighters in teh south, the papal states at the time were pretty big so they fought a bunch of wars against them czu they wanted rome back
The problem with elephants is that they were easily intimidated by things like fire, so you could just set some straw in fire and put in the battlefields and you basically make the elephants charge against their own army
0:00 Witch hunts weren't a thing in the 1200's. 2:53 They don't actually have animal heads, the heads are just supposed to represent the spirit animal aspect/animal form of the gods. 3:04 Well, in my country (Germany) we talked about Weimar republic and great depression quite extensively 3:33 Women had a 'high' degree of social freedom almost everywhere in Europe if one defines it as being allowed property and protected by law. And divorce was also a thing in the Byzantine Empire, among catholic nobility and I think as well pagans, at least that to an extent. 10:18 Well, basically, after the Holy roman Empire fell, the legal status of the de facto independent northern italian states had been messed with by Napoleon, and that caused italian nationalist movements, which the papal states were in the way of, so the king of italy tried to take them with force 11:00 Well, war elephants were rather common in india. But horses are both easier to maintain, more widespread and also a lot better in charging and steering, which is what European cavalry (knightly charges etc.) relied on as much as the central asian horse archery. Both really depended on speed.
The reason why they didn’t use elephants often was because most of the elephants actually died in the alps, they were a great intimidation factor, but not very useful in practical combat in Italy.
Also and elephant never forgets so it has pretty bad PTSD
SEA mainland countries often use elephants in war in the history. It took 3 people to control an elephant, so they are often limited to those with higher rankings.
Im not sure about this but apparently the "Dark ages" didnt really mean that Europe was going through a bad time, it actually had less conflicts compared the past. But it just kinda meant that not a lot of people were recording the history for this time period.
The way I always understood it was it was called the "dark ages" because we lost so much in the way of tech and forms of government. I mean we went from having water irrigation and elected officials when the Romans were around, then it all fell apart and we were sitting in our own excrement and living under the rule of despotic kings.
Thanks for trying to fight the stereotypes. It's a drip on hot stone, but thank you.
@@Gohka nah thats just iluminist propaganda of the so called "century of light".
@@Gohka
Yeah, we even lost the technology of literacy for a while
@@Gohka I'm pretty sure by modern standards Roman senators and thier own version of democracy is very despotic.
0:23
It's their last day because it isn't considered child labor once the worker is older than 18... 😄
😨
In France, they teach us about the interwar period. There was a lot going on in our country at that time (the Great Depression, Léon Blum and the Front Populaire, the 1934 Crisis...)
Yeah.
Same in Germany. We have probably learned more about the interwar period than about the World Wars.
@@Betterhose Yes, most of the European countries had things going on during this period, of course Germany with the Weimar Republic and the ascension of He-who-must-not-be-named, Italy had the bald guy and the colonization of Ethiopia, Spain had their civil war... So I don't really know where the people who made the meme could come from.
C'est vrai Cyprès. J'ai appris ça au Collège. Our History teacher taught us those topics. (Les Trentes Glorieuse, La Guerre Algérie)
@@christophermichaelclarence6003 When I see french, I always wonder why is it so different from Spanish and Italian.
@@washimpatwary1446 Our Frenchi🇫🇷 language is modern Romance/Latin Languages. More advanced and unique compared to Spanish🇪🇦 and Italian 🇮🇹
3:11 As a European I disagree. They teach as about things that happened before, in between and after both world wars. Such as ancient civilisations, founding of our countries, medieval ages, industrial revolution, rebuilding of countries after WW1, cold war, conflicts that happens outside of Europe after WW2 and others
yh we just learn about Weimar Republic in Britain for interwar or America in 20s
In Poland we have about war with ZSRR and our great victory
im pretty sure the meme is like Primary/4th Grade as there they don't give 2 shits about the 1920s and 30s
@@Polish-Phoenician idk about your country but in mine we start history in 4th grade so it’s way earlier then 1920s
As French speaker. I totally agree with you.
3:07 Oh boy you should have seen our high school history class. We've spent about a month talking about interwar stuff. Great right? NO!
Most of the time we were focusing on our country's politics. So while we could be talking about conflicts between Japan & China, Spanish Civil war or the rise of no-no Germans and Italians, we were taught who won Czechoslovakian parliamentary elections of 1935 (yes ms. Teacher we were all incredibly hyped to learn about fkn Rudolf BERAN).
In my school we learned about the french resistance
Jean moulin
And of course, fckin Phillipe Petain!!!!
Thats why in Moldova we have two separate history books, one about the country’s history and one about external stuff
Thankfully my school has separate national history and general history classes, so i learned about Vargas and the Estado Novo in Brazil separately from Spanish Civil War, Great Depression, the rise of no-no Germans and Italian and the solidification of USSR. It kinda helps that my country's history from that time is actually very interesting too.
@@ninodesbordesofficial That doesn't sound too bad.
11:33 I don’t think siege engines are supposed to be used in field battle so their mobility is irrelevant that is if they even have any mobility at all.
Catapult is also limited by it’s mechanism, therefore can not throw large enough rock to damage high medieval castles.
The trebuchet is renowned for its ability to devastate walls, not it’s range. Usually the moment the sieging army finishes building their trebuchet, the castle or city surrender immediately.
reminds me of warwolf the largest trebuchet ever built it was. used against the Scottish in a Independence war (vs king of England)
able to launch 135 kilograms (298 lb) boulders from distance of up to 200 metres (660 ft)
they surendered before it was finished but continued anyway to damage the castle (to damage there prestige and military and make the people submit to him easier
Yeah, but can it compete with a massive crossbow?
- ballista gang
Virgin Trebuchet enjoyer
@@jollyjacob1012 wish I were a virgin.
I would love to one day see a collab video between Drew, DruuWu, and DrewShorts. I wonder when it'll happen. Who's with me?
Drew Durnil looks like Johnny Sins
They are the same person. Sorry if it was a joke
Dang I'm actually sorry looking back I'll just go with the joke my bad
I feel so idiotic i am about to cringe to death
@@tylerthecreatorfan835 how
What if we already have
Not me
11:00 I forgot where I read it and what actual topic it was on, either History, Zoology, or Latin, but the reason why War Elephants weren't used much is because they're incredibly intelligent creatures and have instincts to steer away from conflict, loud noises, etc. They're not as effective on the battle field as they are as an intimidation tool.
“Wait until they get a hold of emperor Octoverus”
Emperor Augustus’ name is Octavian
CORRECTION: 🇮🇳 India and Yugoslavia together came up with the THIRD BLOC and co developed one of the most complex foreign policies out there ..
Yugoslavia is gone but India 🇮🇳 is still making quite a good use of that policy..
India 🇮🇳 today is a strategic partner of both russia 🇷🇺 and US 🇺🇸 , very few r capable of such feat and we r really thank TITO for his contribution..
Hmm... That is what India Foreign policy Shows🤨
And I think the other founding members are Indonesia, Egypt, and Ghana
Edit: googled it and the founders of the NAM are: Jawaharlal Nehru (India), Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), Sukarno (Indonesia), Gamal Abdel Nassar (Egypt), and Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana)
@@thatonefriendiii2827 ya right ...
And today India is the leader of the non aligned movement.
@@abmstudio3678 That's nice, Today Indonesia is the leader of G20 too. Neutral for peace. Love all country❤️
The meme about history books missing the interwar period between ww1 and ww2 is actually funny because my school teaches the other way around we haven't done ww1 or 2 only in between
3:05 in my GCSE history classes we get taught everything between ww1 and ww1 but not the actual wars themselves
Surprised this man hasn't reacted to a Scorpo video yet! He should totally do it.
3:49 can't tell if he is saying Welsh town names or if he has lost his mind whilst pronouncing words.
The famous quotes of Winston Churcill, epic
I didn't think there was this many Love is War templates for history memes.
I’m guessing the reason elephants were not common mounts is 1 because of higher food intake cost so they eat a lot of food 2 the are open and also slow allowing them to get hit by any thing ranged easily 3 because it might have been hard to tame them.
Also Elephants don’t cause a lot of casualties. Most of the damage dealt is on the enemies morale. Against a well trained army that is used to fighting elephants, they don’t have much used.
You mean domesticate- The African Elephant was never the beast of burden that the Asian Subspecies were and are. Hannibal's crossing the Alps was a major feat of logistics for the day. Nevertheless, over the long term, he would lose the war, and Carthage was ground to dust. Rome built the first really professional standing army and at the time they were very very good at what they did.
the problem was that elephants take a lot of time to reproduce and mature and so it was expensive as hell to use them, horses really were the ultimate war animal
Also because they could easily be countered with flaming pigs
There's Also the fact that elephants are surprisingly easy to spook, and are too big to manhandle when 'unruly' like say being spooked on the battlefield
7:30
France: "Hey Austria, alliance?"
Austria: "Alliance"
UK: "Here is some money"
Austria: "money money money" *breaks alliance*
France: *war time*
Austria: "Alliance is fow me?" 👉👈
2:16 "Others" is supposed to be a joke about a guy who is homeless, rejected by art school, And finally he presented the redrawed map of Europe.
Oh also 91% pick "Others" because that reason.
You guys really didn't pick up on the fact that Drew knew that?
2:33 I never realised how strikingly familiar Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Barbara Krafth were in appearance
6:40 in case you want to know the Latin phrase. In the first line the Caesar said: “quis est? (Who’s this)” and then “milites, istum barbaram removete (troops, remove this barbarian”
7:03 I raised that boy
2:55 Drew still living in happier times
As an Indian i can say that the whole world war 1&2 was Not in the syllabus . Included in the book but not in the syllabus.
that's weird, where did you guys get your over-patriotism then?
@@IcefPr. From our motherland .
The Austrian painter one hit me way too hard💀
0:27 That implies they worked for 24 hours a workday
10:18 Basically, Italy unified in 1861 as a kingdom but didn't have Rome, which still belonged to the Papal States, and was protected by a corps of French soldiers (capital switched between Turin and Florence). When the French soldiers left to fight in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, the Italians stormed Rome and took it. The pope considered himself prisoner and the "Roman Question" about the pope's temporal authority continued until the Lateran Treaty in 1929, signed under Mussolini, which created the micro-state of the Vatican.
3:00 as a french, I can tell you that we have an entire chapter in history class about the rise of dictatorship in Europe during the 30's
My friend had to build a catapult for his Engineering Class. He built a Trebuchet instead, so yeah, him and I had quite the conversation.
Wtf. There is a distinct difference. Your friend be dumb.
You gave me a lot of knowledge that helped me in a geography test it's about country's of Asia :D tysm for entertainment also you're amazing
"they raised that boy"
0:19 The dark ages were called that because there are very few recordes of/about it
you did not just raise that boy but you didn't let him leave you
Drew is the only RUclipsr that I will sit and listen through their patreons.
Because of their names 😏
1:33 now thats just sad i like to imagine him smiling at his mother :,)
5:00 this clip is from an anti no no germany film that disney actually made.
3:15 Early interwar for Eastern Europe\ Former Austria-Hungary region was certainly eventful tho
About elefant being used in war reminded me that the old Indian Empire like mauriya and Gupta's have a ton of elephants in the army and they used them for war a lot even other empires that were sacred or impressed even when those empires were also in there golden age back in the centuries
yeaa... other asian kingdoms do the same too, especially southeast, arabia too
@@IcefPr. ya but oringe is from India as in past only Africa had elefant and india was attached to Africa European area was not suited for elefants most southEastern countries are small and island ( and chole even used navy to attack and won ) and indian Kingdom had tons of them
The thing with Winston Churchill is that he's a heavy drinker and smoker so the mumbling and Bri'ish accent would make sense for him
Fun fact. We have a boarding school here in my country that is around a hundred years older than the US
Love the Doctor Who meme combined with a Historical Fact. It just feels so right!
A little late, but Augustus’s real name was octovian, he changed it to Augustus when he became emperor
3:40 Viking Women had rights, other women didn't get the same Viking treatment
Vietnamese women indeed didn’t get the viking treatment, but they used to be taught martial arts and leading army.
6:11 here’s the thing: deer can and will fight back
heres the thing: spear lol
0:44 if it's the guy i think of(tsar of Russia, Ivan IV), then more literal translation would be "Ivan the Menacing"
2:43 i had that painting in my living room and im not even lying
England: loses Normandy
King John: time for Allah
What?
@@uesugigenki6078 Got confused over something?
@Pro Semite *yes*
Charles King of France : I'll end this man whole career
@Cascade Should have been a British Citizen not French
you googled "best Austrian painters" and the guy you don't talk about wasn't even accepted into the art school (so he changed occupation)
5:10
Oh boy, i think drew hasn't seen the very "special" Donald Duck animation yet.
just donald having a nightmare about being employ by the nazi party than finding himself safe in his bed in good ole united state
I would love if you make French Poland ball, Belgian, and maybe a Philippine ball.
I would like the French or Poland ball
I think he already made Poland ball.
@@timvlaar Im pretty sure they meant Polandballs which is just another name for country balls.
A Spain ball with a conquistador morion helmet would be cool too...
Mexico ball too
My god, this is good
history meme makers must rly like love is war i swear chika makes it in every drew video lmao
I was actually gonna comment that Love is War history memes are some of the best history memes
But yeah who doesn't love Chika
Are you all just going to ignore the fact that at 10:27 drew has his face cam look normal when it's usually flipped?
I thought I'm the only one lol
@@maja5096He should try doing it like that for a change.
5:11 Has Drew really never seen the Donald Duck anti-Germany propaganda film!?
IIRC, it ended with Donald waking up, the whole cartoon having been a bad dream.
2:38 try Bing now
3:20 Im from Germany and I can tell you this isnt true.
In the UK we learn about the inbetween of WW1 and WW2 such as the great depression, the Nazi rise to power etc.
The amount of Kaguya-Sama: Love is War memes is disproportionate
Are you saying there's too much or not enough?
@@lawden210 Compared to the amount of other memes, there are a lot Kaguya memes in there.
Gengis Khan so busy he got 13.8 million descendants alive
8:10 I think they mean it's more like America's history isn't as well recorded
1:53 yeah but that's august not Caesar-
You don't need to run nor does it take days. You just need to follow the deer for an hour. I did this in high school trying to get photos for a photography class. Its much easier when they are to tired to move.
Request drew to sing Yakko's world
Still waiting for a danish viking plushie ball
3:00 Well my Teacher basically skipped everything from WW1 besides the Versaille Treaty and did a lot of stuff with the Weimar Republic and then skipped WW2 again
3:32 me and the boys traveling In time to experience the nord life
0:57 TVPerú lol
5:16 I recently found a Donald Duck comic, where he was a WWI german pilot.
11:05 cause they elephants were big and slow easy to hit or kill from a distance but horses are fast and smaller
0:24 kids on last day of child labor. The next day they start as teen labor 😅
2:50 I like how half of the pictures are of tomska
Churchill was probably drunk when he said any of those quotes.
Why are there so many Kaguya-Sama History memes?
New Plushies? No, you can't do this to me! Just when I started to save money!
1:56 - 1:59 describes Poland In history alot
3:09 We had to fricking go through every single detail about norwegian politics in between WW1 and WW2. It was hell. I was one of the few who survived. Barely.
haha yea i always suddenly die when i learn about old norwegian politics.
Same here with Czechoslovakian politics 😆
@@janslavik5284 happy u survided
Assuming Drew durnil, next countryball plushies are gonna be either benelux or former Yugoslavia countries
Yes you technically raised me cause I've been waiting you for 3 years // ( it's on other accounts)
Drew Durnil looks like Johnny Sins
Did you mean watching
@@hyewon_6311 didnt ask
We raised this boy.
3:49 yt generated captions understands Churchill
In Polish history books we definitely had A LOT of things to talk about in the between two wars interval, the WAR with Bolsheviks being one of them for example...
When Drew makes a joke about Roman emperors and months and completely missed the chances to say Septimius and Octavius(or Octavian (who's also known as Augustus))(and yes I know the months are just named after the Roman numbers 7 and 8 and are actually the 9th and 10th months due to July and August be added by Julius Caesar and Octavius, better known as Augustus.
Is it just me, or does the winston winston churchill part sound like crazy dave from PVZ.
I like that for Barbara Krafft they put Mozzart
3:00 in czechi its the most learned period .
1:24 Meanwhile there are people here who are crazy for elephants, with elephants being a festival animal...
10:20 that was around the time Italy was being united by the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont and the guerilla fighters in teh south, the papal states at the time were pretty big so they fought a bunch of wars against them czu they wanted rome back
2:00
Insert the simpsons meme of the religious running from church hiding in a bar and the alcoholic running from the bar hiding in the church
3:49 his face 🤣🤣🤣
10:14 this was Italian rebel groups trying to unite Italy and they had to take over the vatacan
The papal states not the vatican.
When you aren't a descendent of Khan: who am I?
Love your vids
“Uh, doubt.”
LOL
Jebus taking a shower POV: OW OUF EEF OUCH AH OOG OWIE EEF OOF!!
7:17 Me playing total war as a massive trading empire secretly wanting to conquer the French.
The problem with elephants is that they were easily intimidated by things like fire, so you could just set some straw in fire and put in the battlefields and you basically make the elephants charge against their own army
5:46
They probably used glass and he jump on it
2:18 the 91 percent of the other must have been the painter with a silly mustache by the name of Adolf
0:00 Witch hunts weren't a thing in the 1200's.
2:53 They don't actually have animal heads, the heads are just supposed to represent the spirit animal aspect/animal form of the gods.
3:04 Well, in my country (Germany) we talked about Weimar republic and great depression quite extensively
3:33 Women had a 'high' degree of social freedom almost everywhere in Europe if one defines it as being allowed property and protected by law. And divorce was also a thing in the Byzantine Empire, among catholic nobility and I think as well pagans, at least that to an extent.
10:18 Well, basically, after the Holy roman Empire fell, the legal status of the de facto independent northern italian states had been messed with by Napoleon, and that caused italian nationalist movements, which the papal states were in the way of, so the king of italy tried to take them with force
11:00 Well, war elephants were rather common in india. But horses are both easier to maintain, more widespread and also a lot better in charging and steering, which is what European cavalry (knightly charges etc.) relied on as much as the central asian horse archery. Both really depended on speed.
how do ya know. Heretics were a thing.. Ergo witch hunt