How To Discharge High Voltage Capacitors : Cheap DIY Capacitor Discharger

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  • Опубликовано: 25 ноя 2024

Комментарии • 91

  • @LearnElectronicsRepair
    @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад +16

    *Before someone else mentions, you also find dangerous high voltages in the large capacitors in Audio Amplifiers, and in the LED backlight drive circuit for LED TV, amongst other places*

    • @johnwest7993
      @johnwest7993 Месяц назад

      And in flying insect zappers, and old neon sign transformers, too! So many places to find HV!

    • @jasonk5979
      @jasonk5979 Месяц назад

      Microwaves.

  • @nikspanakis
    @nikspanakis Месяц назад +11

    A little 230V 20W incandescent bulb permanently attached to old short probes, covered with semi-transparent buble wrap so it's indestructible, is always hanging on my tool wall for exactly that. Self limits the current to less than 100 mA but draws almost same current from much lower voltages, so discharges caps almost instantly to safe levels. Made it right after I got a real nusty shock while repairing a board many years back...

  • @petero8875
    @petero8875 Месяц назад +2

    A masterpiece example of no fuss and down to earth didactics. Brilliant!

  • @twithheldmwithheld8938
    @twithheldmwithheld8938 Месяц назад +3

    A 'Back-to-basics' video. Explained with experience extremely well, love it!

  • @lonndawg7554
    @lonndawg7554 Месяц назад +5

    This was an awesome video and... Covers a lot of the basics and you sure explained everything quite well very in-depth explanation and then we proceeded to make a discharge device, and demonstrate how it works with real-world examples. I enjoyed it immensely.

  • @mikepanchaud1
    @mikepanchaud1 Месяц назад +4

    Interesting video!
    An alternative if you only want 1 led, would be to use a bridge rectifier before the discharge resistor, depending on what parts are available, so it won't matter which way the probes are connected. It's great this can be made from salvaged parts!

    • @IainThacker
      @IainThacker Месяц назад

      Was wondering if there would be a neater solution requiring fewer components and was trying to run the diagram in my head!

    • @chrishartley1210
      @chrishartley1210 Месяц назад

      For the simplest circuit with the lowest component count, use 2 bridge rectifiers connected in series (AC side) to the probes. On the DC side connect the negative of the first to the positive of the second and the LED+resistor between the positive of the first and the negative of the second. 5 components including the bulk resistor. You can use very small bridge rectifiers (>0.1A) and a bulk resistor of 4K7 ohms for fast safe discharge even at 440V. If you use a 5W resistor it will exceed its rating but for such a short period there's no time for it to overheat.

  • @alandrury9955
    @alandrury9955 Месяц назад

    Built a variant of your LED version using a dead soldering iron as the body with a probe sticking out and a single flying lead for the other terminal. Instead of two diode strings and two LEDs I put a bridge rectifier on the input so it will work either way round with just one LED. Best thing I ever made and really useful

  • @SonnetGomes
    @SonnetGomes Месяц назад

    Wow. This is an excellent and informative video. It certainly has been an eye opener. I have seen so many shorting the capacitors to discharge them, but it is very dangers to do so and bad for the capacitor. I liked the resistor and diod method. I will try it. Thank you once again.

  • @sivoltage
    @sivoltage Месяц назад +1

    Genius explanation. As always. These types of videos are the best. Cheers

  • @zedcarr6128
    @zedcarr6128 28 дней назад

    At work in 1994, I was repairing a variable frequency 3 phase inverter motor drive that had come in with the problem of tripping the breaker when switched on.
    First thing you think, primary rectifiers, which I think was one of the problems.
    Anyhow, while I was fault-finding this inverter, I had been pulling wires with spade connectors off while using a hand crank Megger on the input to trace the short, all well and good.
    HOWEVER! When I was reconnecting these uninsulated spade connectors, I had one hand holding the metal casing, and used my right hand to push one of the spade connectors on a connector that was connected to the main bank of primary capacitors, which had been charged up to 500V DC by me Meggering the primaries.
    I partially discharged the 500V across the capacitors by grabbing hold of them, tight! ⚡🤯⚡
    By FAR, the worst electric shock of my life. I was 26 years old at the time, and that was a learning curve for sure.

  • @techobaz55
    @techobaz55 Месяц назад

    A really great video Richard, especially on the dangers of big caps !
    Great LED gadget too, I'm going to make one up !
    Cheers

  • @knightwar3
    @knightwar3 28 дней назад

    Method 4 is good i like to see the voltage going down as i discharge the cap

  • @dannybrookes1280
    @dannybrookes1280 Месяц назад

    Excellent video on an extremely important topic. Thank you 👍

  • @perkulant4629
    @perkulant4629 Месяц назад +3

    My boss in work discharged the input cap of an induction heater with a screwdriver, was bigger than my closed fist and the noise it made. Was like a grenade going off.

  • @gilbertbergh8980
    @gilbertbergh8980 Месяц назад

    Thank you for the great video! I was thinking of a solution with a current source, but this is way easier to build.

  • @winlose3073
    @winlose3073 Месяц назад

    Very nice and simple idea I think I'll do the same circuit and use it thanks Mr. Richard!

  • @Dutch_off_grid_homesteading
    @Dutch_off_grid_homesteading Месяц назад

    Heya, very nice explanation about the danger of elektrolitics and the does and don'ts I like it

  • @romancharak3675
    @romancharak3675 Месяц назад

    Very neat and functional circuit, and all that without a PCB from the the Orient !!!

  • @jimmyhillgren7479
    @jimmyhillgren7479 Месяц назад +2

    And here I have only used either the old short with a screwdriver connected to the earth pin in the outlet or water raidator. Or used a big wattage transisor. And yes the bigger ones are brutal when you discharge. Just like old tube tv's when you need to discharge the tube.

  • @martinclemesha4794
    @martinclemesha4794 Месяц назад

    The LED version, very handy gadget, cheers.

  • @lulupupupu
    @lulupupupu 12 дней назад

    Bloody ace! Thank you

  • @Piasecznik72
    @Piasecznik72 Месяц назад

    You can as well use filament based lightbulb as discharger. No diodes, no soldering even required. Just bulb socket, connector and well insulated leads with good tips to make connection.

  • @teslawavesdotcom
    @teslawavesdotcom Месяц назад

    Flip flop & voltage multiplyer circuits, etc. would be an interesting topic

  • @CasualInventor
    @CasualInventor Месяц назад

    I very rarely need to discharge high voltage caps, but it does happen occasionally, so I decided to build one of these. Thanks for the inspiration.
    Got me wondering about the other end of the safety spectrum - low voltage supercaps. I have 5V supercaps with a rating of *5 Farads*! They terrify me more than the HV caps for some reason, so I keep them stored with a 10K resistor soldered across its terminals just for safety.
    If I had to discharge a cap like that (to avoid sparks or accidentally welding things together) I think I'd probably use a DC programmable load so I can see the voltage dropping in real-time. What would you do in that situation?
    Thanks for the instructive videos. 👍

  • @johnwest7993
    @johnwest7993 Месяц назад

    I like to charge a big, HV cap and then discharge it with a 2 Ohm, quarter Watt resistor. Pieces of the resistor fly all over the room! I had to do more than just wear my safety glasses, as little pieces of hot resistor were hurting my hands and the leads left burn marks on them. So I made up a set of alligator clip jumpers 3 feet long out of 8 gauge wire and also put the discharge resistor in a clear plastic box. It's surprising how many of those resistors it takes to discharge a really big cap or a bank of them. :)

  • @juancalderon3731
    @juancalderon3731 Месяц назад

    Great! Thanks

  • @Dutch-linux
    @Dutch-linux Месяц назад +2

    MR. Carlson has a nice discharge circuit with LED'S that works safe on almost any voltage

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад +2

      How does it differ from mine?

    • @darrenbird2526
      @darrenbird2526 Месяц назад +2

      Mr Carlsons is complicated, lots of parts and would cost a hell of a lot more, for exactly the same job.
      Richard, yours is one of the best ideas I've seen with a couple of scrounged parts and 30 mins to put together.
      Thank you, I'll certainly be building one with an old multimeter. Cheers!

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад +1

      @@darrenbird2526 Thank you 🙂

  • @dosh2222
    @dosh2222 Месяц назад

    The ability to recover charge of capacitor is calling Dielectric absorption... in electrolytic capacitor it can run to 10-15% which is quite high (from 390V PFC driven cap), it's good to check cap in some time after discharge again

  • @oefzdegoeggl
    @oefzdegoeggl Месяц назад

    There are cheap device for this on Ali express. Comes with leads and builtin voltmeter. There's also a tweezer-like version but that is inflexible. Oh yes, and it exploded in my hand. So better take the one with leads 😄 But yeah, if you have an old MM lying around, why not.

  • @garypoplin4599
    @garypoplin4599 Месяц назад

    10:18 - Richard, to avoid any disastrous surprises, _always_ test a capacitor for voltage before testing capacitance!

  • @PhilipBryden
    @PhilipBryden Месяц назад

    Thank you, I enjoyed the explanations. I need to build a capacitor discharging kit, so the information has came in useful. One question comes to mind tho. What happens if one or both of the LED fails? Would you end up with a false positive (ie discharged capacitor) and risk shocking yourself?

    • @stevewebb5735
      @stevewebb5735 Месяц назад +1

      I always "screwdriver" the capacitor terminals after resistor discharge..... that's your absolute backup - beyond measuring things
      Don't trust any one thing is the best process.
      Another one would be have a second person nearby whenever doing bare live working - depending on risk level (isolated supply + voltage + amount of stored energy)

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад +2

      just connect the discharger across a battery or power supply before using it/ Belts and braces is a good idea when safety is concerned

  • @knightwar3
    @knightwar3 28 дней назад

    one thing i would have liked to see is using an oscilloscope and see how much time it takes to discharge big value capacitors

  • @lulupupupu
    @lulupupupu 12 дней назад

    What resistor for a 1200v 474k dielectric capacitor?
    [0.47 µF Film Capacitor 500V 1200V (1.2kV) Polypropylene (PP), Metallized Axial]

  • @TheEmbeddedHobbyist
    @TheEmbeddedHobbyist Месяц назад +2

    You also need to watch out for the fact that once discharged if the load is removed the terminal voltage can start to creep back up.
    Can i point out hearts don't give a fig about voltage, it's current that counts. the voltage is just there to break the skin insolation.
    Old saying "Volts jolt but mils kills"
    (IEC) 60601-1. Body and Body Floating (i.e not earthed) have similar values (e.g. normal AC leakage current of 100 μA)
    notice no mention of voltage in the safety standard.

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад +2

      Semantics... you can think about it when you are lying on the floor waiting for your brain to run out of oxygen 😂

    • @TheEmbeddedHobbyist
      @TheEmbeddedHobbyist Месяц назад

      @@LearnElectronicsRepair Having worked on the design of a product that applied a voltage to arterial blood, so had a direct connection to the heart. knowing the difference was important, well to the person on the other end of the tube anyway.
      I also knew of a chap who worked on the London underground who had a party trick of putting his tools on the live (+400V) power rail. he had a skin condition which meant that he had extremely dry skin and 400v was just a slight tingle.

  • @CliveTrezona
    @CliveTrezona Месяц назад

    You could also use a dc analog meter with the power resistor across it. Will give a better visualization of the voltage dropping.

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад

      Does the analog meter work better then the digital one? Apart from not needing a battery

    • @CliveTrezona
      @CliveTrezona Месяц назад

      ​@@LearnElectronicsRepair Yes. Its much better/easier watching a needle drop than a digital meter dropping. Especially having one of those large analog displays. (0-500v)

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад

      @@CliveTrezona I have an analog meter, I'll try it on a future video

  • @reacey
    @reacey 25 дней назад

    If ac has no polarity, why is it that the brown or live conductor is always the one which is fused or switched in circuits? for example in domestic lighting circuits I was always told that the live is always switched to ensure theres no power at the light fitting if the circuit is switched off at the light switch .

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  24 дня назад +1

      Well I could ask you then why in the EU our mains plugs are not polarised so they can be inserted either way round. And things still work.
      AC has no polarity, because... well it is AC. The only difference between live an neutral is that one of these wires is connected to ground at the substation and also at you house. This means one of the wires is safe to touch if you are also connected to ground, for example by standing on it, and the other one is not. As the current flows between live and neutral (yes, the same current) the fuse will still blow if there is a fault condition no matter which wire it is in.
      I actually have an isolation transformer feeding my workbench so I can happily touch either mains wire and not feel a thing. That's because neither of them are connected to ground so I have no live and no neutral. Things I am working on still work or don't depending on the fault, and the fuse still blows if they draw too much current.
      If you really doubt this ploarity issue you need to prove it for yourself. Go take some very expensive piece of mains powered equipment, reverse the live and neutral wires in the mains plug and power it up. Once you realise it did not explode and is still working just fine then have a good think about whether AC has any polarity. After you did that go put the wires back the right way round. Live / Neutral is not a polarity issue it's a convention.

    • @reacey
      @reacey 24 дня назад

      @LearnElectronicsRepair oh i dont doubt what you are saying and i wasnt being funny , i was just asking the question .I know polarity isnt important with regards to ac i just didnt understand why the live conductor is switched /fused Thanks for the info

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  24 дня назад

      @@reacey Hey that's OK I didn't mean to sound sarcastic or anything like that if that's how my reply came over 😊

  • @reacey
    @reacey 25 дней назад

    With the method using 4 resistors in series, i dont understand why the voltage would be limited to 2.2v and not the voltage in the capacitor but minus the 2.2v dropped across the 4 diodes

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  25 дней назад

      It was four diodes in series not four resistors. The LED is connected in parallel with the four diodes so it can never have more than 2.2V because each diode drops 0.55V pretty much regardless of current and 4 x 0.55 = 2.2V
      The capacitor voltage minus 2.2V is dropped across the (18K) power resistor connected in series with the diodes 🙂The remaining 2.2V appears across the LED plus 100R resistor in series with the LED due to the four diodes.
      This is called a voltage divider and it is one of the most basic and important circuits to understand when you are learning electronics. I hope that helped you

    • @reacey
      @reacey 24 дня назад

      @LearnElectronicsRepair yes sorry i meant the 4 diodes, so the bulk of the voltage is dropped across the resistor, that makes more sense . Thanks

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  24 дня назад +1

      @@reacey Yeah, the total voltage dropped across any series circuit equals the sum of the voltages across each component. So you are correct, if there is initially 320V across the capacitor, then when you connnect the discharger you have 2.2V across the four diodes and 317.8V across the resistor. The reason we have the four diodes in series with the 18K resistor is because the diodes will always have the same voltage drop until the capacitor voltage drops below 2.2V.
      If we used two resistors in series to form a voltage divider instead, then the voltage across the LED would decrease in proportion to the voltage across the capacitor as it discharges, so could stop glowing while there was still a dangerous voltage in the capacitor. If we didn't have the voltage divider and simply had a high value resistor in series with the LED then all the discharge current would pass through the LED, which is either going to blow the LED, or means we have to use a very high value resistor, so the capacitor would take a long time to discharge, and the LED would still go out before the capacitor was discharged

  • @mikepetrieuk
    @mikepetrieuk Месяц назад

    Couldn’t you simplify the discharger by connecting the leads to the ac input of a bridge rectifier, and connect the large resistor and one diode tree and LED to the dc output, instead of duplicating this part?

  • @user-uk7uu9us1w
    @user-uk7uu9us1w Месяц назад

    the only question i have can this be used on a microwave cap

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад +2

      I don't repair microwaves but if you are talking about a capacitor holding several kV but of low capacitance value then use a proper HV probe to discharge it. If you want to use a cheap and nasty method like we were taught to discharge the CRT in colour TV, which could charge to about 25kV then use a long flat blade screwdriver with a good and large plastic handle. Connect a crocodile clip lead to the metal shaft of the screwdriver, clip the other end of the lead to ground on the TV chassis, make sure you have a good ground connection and slide the flat blade of the screwdriver under the rubber cap of the HT lead. Do this one handed and keep your other arm folded behind your back like a sword fencer. You should be OK doing it that way but dont' say I told you to do it.

  • @AlbertScoot
    @AlbertScoot Месяц назад

    Ah that nostalgic crack when you discharge a capacitor with your most hated screwdriver.

  • @troymcfee960
    @troymcfee960 Месяц назад +1

    Объясните пожалуйста работу apfc и схемотехнику ❤

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад +1

      What, like this one? ruclips.net/video/F6OJnjEBk7w/видео.html

    • @troymcfee960
      @troymcfee960 Месяц назад +1

      @@LearnElectronicsRepair дададада🤗❤️Спасибо ❤️буду смотреть. Очень интересно 👍

  • @habiks
    @habiks Месяц назад

    tldr: with a resistor.

  • @bones1225
    @bones1225 Месяц назад

    Just trying to understand? Deducing your logic , arnie, as mr universe ,was not really perfect? My electronics knowledge, has just taken a huge leap backwards.
    From know on, I will be wearing rubber skivies when playing with caps.

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад

      As long as it keeps you safe, wear the gloves. Re the universe if it was perfect it would suggest there is a creator, as it is clearly and provenly not it suggests either it happened by some natural process or if there was a creator he, she or it could not be arsed to do the job properly 😵‍💫

    • @bones1225
      @bones1225 Месяц назад

      @@LearnElectronicsRepair 😂

  • @RioTintoGoAwayFromDrinaRiver
    @RioTintoGoAwayFromDrinaRiver Месяц назад

    😂😂😂
    High voltage is over 1000V.
    Main voltage for houses is very dangerous for life, but by the low, that can not be called high voltage.
    High voltage is in transformer station.
    DO NOT USE WRONG TERMINOLOGY!

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад

      Well for some reason my multimeter lights up red if I probe anything over 30V to warn of High Voltage
      Google for the dictionary definition of High Voltage and it says ' an electrical potential large enough to cause injury or damage'
      I've seen many mains voltage electrical boxes with a sign saying 'Danger High Voltage'
      Other definitions say anything over 1000V. Now if it is by the 'low' (law?) then why are the low makers not prosecuting the multimeter makers, sign makers, dictionary publishers and apparently clueless RUclips influencers, exactly?
      Really this is pure semantics, call it how you like without fear of prosection, and worry more about electrocution 🤪
      And don't worry about how other people call it

    • @RioTintoGoAwayFromDrinaRiver
      @RioTintoGoAwayFromDrinaRiver Месяц назад

      @@LearnElectronicsRepair 30V it is high, but for ammateurs. You are proffesional, right? Or not?
      🤔
      In my country, 50V and 50mA is dangerous for humans, by the low. That is not meant for technician peoples.

  • @buck_rrogers8067
    @buck_rrogers8067 Месяц назад

    43 min Video about discharging capacitors is reticules.

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад

      What, you mean it is well targeted?

    • @buck_rrogers8067
      @buck_rrogers8067 Месяц назад

      Simply short capacitor with 200 ohm 10watt resistor and it is dan.
      No Need for 45 min video

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад +2

      @@buck_rrogers8067 This video covered a number of topics and chapters:
      What does the bridge rectifier / capacitor circuit look like and how does it work
      How much voltage will you find in a bulk capacitor (with and without PFC) and why the voltage is so high
      Why you need to discharge the capacitor and what fault conditions cause it not to just discharge by itself
      Where to measure if the capacitor holds a high voltage - very important so you don't make a dangerous mistake in PFC circuits!
      How to build the test circuit (yeah possibly i could have skipped this section)
      How NOT to discharge a capacitor with your fingers and why not
      How NOT to discharge a capacitor with a screwdriver/pliers and why not
      How to do discharge a capacitor safely with a resistor (by the way ohms law says 200 ohms give an initial current of 1.6A for a 320V charge. Watts=320Vx1.6A = initial power disipation of 512 Watts! How did *you* calculate a 10W resistor is suitable for this purpose?)
      How to make using a resistor a bit safer by fixing a stick/holder to it
      How to make a discharger with voltage indication using a cheap/old multimeter
      How to make a discharger with LED indicator
      I'm always looking to improve my videos and take criticism contructively. Which of these sections do you believe contained no useful information and should have been discarded, given that viewers of all knowledge levels watch my videos and this one covers a potentially dangerous topic?

    • @buck_rrogers8067
      @buck_rrogers8067 Месяц назад

      1,6 Amps at 320V vor incredible short time period is harmless for 10 watt. Discharged les as 2 sec. To 0 Volt.

    • @LearnElectronicsRepair
      @LearnElectronicsRepair  Месяц назад

      @@buck_rrogers8067 Surely that depends on the capacity of the capacitors. Call it a difference of opinion and I'm not saying the 200 ohms does not work I just think it makes sense to use something a bit higher resistance especially as the same discharge current flows internally across the capacitor dielectric so why would you want to put it under so much stress when you don't need to? On the other topic you didn't reply yet, which parts of this video contained no useful information and should have been discarded?

  • @memcmeepants2392
    @memcmeepants2392 Месяц назад

    you don't need to discharge them, unless energy is infinite , just leave them alone for a few hours, that's what I do at my pc repair shop.

    • @Cleofizoid
      @Cleofizoid Месяц назад +1

      😂

    • @francescvilches3967
      @francescvilches3967 Месяц назад +4

      I've seen good capacitors keeping 200V after 10hours. Be safe and careful.

    • @anthonyshiels9273
      @anthonyshiels9273 Месяц назад

      In Ireland and we have an Old Saying that is so true:
      Is Airgead an t-Am.

    • @TheEmbeddedHobbyist
      @TheEmbeddedHobbyist Месяц назад +4

      That's fine if there is some form of dc load on the cap which there might be in circuit. but remove that DC path and you could be in for a shock(pun intended)

    • @memcmeepants2392
      @memcmeepants2392 Месяц назад

      @@francescvilches3967 obviously I don't mean a couple of hours...........I mean if it hasnt been used for a few days.........