Graham please Ignore the negative comments about "just another capacitor repair" these videos are brilliant for us lot that are still learning board repair.
Hi, I am following you since 3 months ago. I'm an old and retired IT (I'm 62), and began in 1982 to autoteach informatics and unfortunately I don't have any electronic studies background, but since I look at your videos it makes me easier to understand. Many compliments for your activities, thank you for your posts.
I can't thank you enough for this, my dad's friend gave me an Acer laptop that after liquid damage wouldnt give any signs of life, I tried cleaning the mobo but nothing, so I just left it for years, but then I saw this video and I thought I could try the same thing, turns out one tiny cap on the cpu power rail had a short which prevented the whole laptop from giving any signs of life, I removed the cap without replacing it cuz I don't have any spares, there were multiple ones in parallel so just removed it and boom it started working.
I am a DYI dabler for my own stuff. I repaired a HDD that had a damaged logicboard last year with help like your channel helping me jumpp down 1 deeper into the rabbit hole. I had a controller chip transfered to a donorboard because I dont have the tools for this one time solder job on tiny stuff. but it worked. For the rest I've been watching and enjoying "yet another short" because its just satisfying seeing you tear stuff down, talk about it in a calm voice and have the enjoyment of taking the journey to "and it works again" :D. keep up the great work.
little tip when you want to measure a cap thats similar just move it to one pad either side so its still soldered down but out of circuit and cant sod off into oblivion
Thanks for your videos Graham, I have no intention of trying these repairs. It is too late in life for me now but I enjoy watching your diagnosis routines. Thanks Chris.
For small SMD'd like these caps, get a pair of "Hot Tweezers" as per those from Northridge Fix. It'll all be "right first time". No blowing them into the carpet and no joining the contacts as you put them onto the board.
In the olden days I used to read PC Pro magazines help pages where if you had a problem you wrote in with your issue, you waited up to 1 month for it to go in to print, then people would buy the magazine in WH Smiths and reply if they knew how to fix your issue, then 1 month later the answer would appear! Up to 3 months to get an answer to an issue - thank god the Internet came along! It was from reading these help pages that I learnt all those years ago how to fix issues on PCs. Now the modern day equivalent is watching appropriate videos on RUclips - like the ones you produce! Thanks 😎
15:36-this is where a flexible phone holder would come in handy (so you can continue your FLIR/thermal checkup while power injecting)... Dell, IMO has always been the best laptop CO out there, for making it easier on those who fix these things up.
Another video well done. I'm the type of board repair student you're aiming for. I'm learning a lot about diagnostics from you, and I appreciate you covering the mundane "shorted capacitor" repairs. You do a great job of explaining your thinking about diagnosing a fault. I find myself stumbling when it comes to voltage injection, on "where do I inject?" Thanks again for what you do, and how you do it.
I stopped watching and unsubscribed from Northridge repair because he berated (insesantly) a user for a comment. You do very well handeling these people with kindness and information. Thanks for being a good human. Grain of salt goes a long way.
I really appreciate your videos. I have an old Clevo laptop that won't turn on. The fan spins for a few ticks and then shuts off. I've kept it so at some point when I get a bench power supply to inject power and have a thermal camera to see what's lighting up I'll be able to take a stab at fixing it. When that day does come, I'll be going over a bunch of YOUR videos again to gain some confidence!
I don't see any repetition in your videos. they are variations on a theme. different caps, different laptops, and most importantly, different techniques and approaches. it has been good to learn with you and watch you becoming more skilled confident.
Had a Zenbook come in the other day, no obvious short when testing, but flashing power led when button pressed. Ended up being a stupid ceramic cap across the cpu fan power shorted. Lucky i spotted it with one last visual inspection - without the microscope even.
8:50 Surprised to see the Vcore rail is not derived directly from B+. Virtually every board I worked on creates Vcore from B+....I may be behind with my knowledge though, as I haven't worked on any new models to know what the latest "trends" in terms of power stage design are...
Searching up the service tag shows it's actually an Inspiron 14 5482 2-in-1. There are 2 Inspiron 5100's in fact, one Kaby lake one and one that's the classic better-value desktop Pentium 4 in a laptop example from 2004. In case you are curious how to find the laptop like that, just punch the service tag or express service tag into dell's support website.
I thought this was going to be a video about a crappy P4 laptop from 2003 but I guess they reused the model number. Still it was a good video. I hadn't heard about there being so many power rails; on ones I've looked at it's just been input jack, main rail, and battery. I don't know why they'd put an extra layer between the power source and main B rail. Maybe it's to support laptops with a disconnect mode for the internal battery but I always figured that would just be a function in the BMS.
Haha, I wish I got these short circuit problems more often. I get mostly logic problems, gpu & cpu shorts that are unfixable. This makes repairing fun when you can fix stuff otherwise it becomes tedious and very boring to take stuff apart and not fix it.
thanks for the video do you mind telling me which model of cam with screen you use to inspection and soldering microscope the one with screen do you use in the video ?thnks
Every power fault is slightly different. Always something to learn. In the real world power faults are very common. All logic needs power, so even if it's a "signal" fault it's really a voltage at the wrong level so ultimately a power fault.
It would be a surprising video where you fix an exotic problem that hasn't actually happened, the critics need to start breaking their laptops in a novel way if they want to see novel repairs.
Hi and thank you so much for your style and your so well explained videos ! Learning a lot. One question : I have an old laptop with no screen that I would like to use only with a seperate HDMI screen. Any way I could tell this PC to stop using the missing screen and switch to the HDMI one instead ?
hello my mate , i have a question about touchscreen . can we replace a usual lcd with touch screen one ? does it work ? or touch screen needs its own motherboard as well ? if you know what im saying . thank you so much
Mr.Adam ant - Could you touch on maybe what is causing these shorts to happen in the first place, as it seems to me that poor building componets are being used from the factory, I do agree that these capacitors are like fuses and are doing there job - as well - I think on part of the problem is the miniturisation of the circutry has a bit of a roll here where these componets are becoming a bit of a problem, the resion why I say that is the Older units are built a bit more rugged and are maybe a bit more durable- or am I wrong ???
Have you done any videos where you replace a dual USB A port stack on a desktop mobo? I'm trying to replace one on an RPi 4, but I can not get the solder out of the holes that are used to secure the ports to the board. I've tried a solder pump and solder braid but those only gets me so far. I've tried hot air, but I can't seem to get the solder to liquify even at high heat (380 C). There's just a bit more deeper in the hole that just won't come out and it's driving me bonkers. And I have used flux for all things I've tried. Any help from anybody would be great. Thx!
have to figure out my Dell Ultra book, runs fine off the power brick but doesn't charge the battery. Will charge the battery if it is put in the docking station using the connector on the bottom.
Likely an issue with the one-wire circuit, which is the sense pin on the DC jack. There's a 2.5v signal there that the laptop talks to the charger over. I've not had success fixing this before myself, but start by getting a schematic for your board and checking that circuit.
Graham I notice most of your repairs are on Laptops it got me thinking, OK if someone spilled a drink then fiar enough that caused the fault but lots of other faults do occure. So how many pppl buy a laptop and have it sat on their desk plugged in all day and it never moves? So does this shorten the live of a laptop compared to a desktop? I know a laptop looks nicer sat thet than having wires leading everywhere and it taakes up a lot less space but now there are lots of smaller desktops you can get for general office type work. Also does gaming on a laptop ware them out shorter than if it was played on a desktop, so what are you thoughts, have I got a point or am I wrong?
can you say what is your microscope ? And link to buy. by the way what is you model of the Fir camera and link, to bought. thanks for sharing your knowlage... greatings from Portugal ... ;)
Electronics Repair School's vaping genius concurs with you that showing common problems on different machines is the way to learn. So the moaners would do well to quit criticising and be grateful that there are people like you -- and Jessa Jones on the phone side -- who calmly mend devices and allow us into your workshops. Failed caps on not just cheaper end machines seem to have been rife in recent years and I find HP to be the worst of the 'big three' brands. Recently I had 2 dead caps on one of their very expensive models and noted the low quality of the components.
Hi Graham! I am a PC technic and thanks to your videos i am now starting bord repair i just installed my new station with soldering iron and hot air following your tips Can i ask you the best (in your opinion) temperature for the soldering iron with a 60/40 wire? Btw great video as always!
I recommend experimenting with different temperatures so you can see how they affect things. For two-sided boards (peripherals) 360-370 will do fine, for motherboards, you'll probably need 400 to work against the weight of the board. Hot air, I generally use 420, and vary the distance / airflow as needed. Removing stuff you can generally go 80-100% air and quickly remove, putting things on I'd drop to 40-50% to avoid blowing things away. Again, experiment so you can see how the dials affect stuff and know what you need in a situation.
To my knowledge, vcore caps don't really fail (unless there's clear and visible damage) as they don't have nearly as much heavy lifting to do as input caps do. Caps like the ones I'm usually replacing are on higher voltage rails, in areas where the board can flex more, and absorb a great deal more switching noise.
The boot screen at 29:00 shows a date of April 20, which indicates that the CMOS battery (which runs the system date & time of day clock) may need replacing.
@@DumahBrazorf Only the main rechargeable battery was disconnected in the video. The CMOS button battery was not. The CMOS button battery is the only power source for the date & time of day clock. The 3.0 volt CMOS battery is non-rechargeable & is always in constant discharge mode, & has been since the laptop left the factory in China.
Remind me not to buy a Dell !...always had Acer and have never had any trouble with any of mine ! i am a computer technician,but none the less none have ever had any trouble.
As you note, failed capacitors are very common. Why do you think that is? Is it poor design/specification overloading the capacitors or just poor quality capacitors?
I don't think there's a single cause, but folks in the repair industry usually put it down to vibrations (drops, bangs) causing fractures, or cheap 3rd party chargers with output spikes. The crappy no-brand chargers can often have transients over 30v, which is over the 25v rating for the bulk bypass caps. These transients might be too fast for the TVS diode to catch, or the TVS diode might not cut in until 35v, so there's a 10v "danger zone" between the 25v max on the caps, and the 35v threshold of the TVS diode.
Graham please Ignore the negative comments about "just another capacitor repair" these videos are brilliant for us lot that are still learning board repair.
Your last few words are MOST IMPORTANT "repetition is the key to learning". PLEASE ignore the naysayers who say NOT AGAIN. BRILLIANTLY explained 👍
And exactly what beginners like me are looking for :)
Well that works for most people, hence why propaganda works..
Hi, I am following you since 3 months ago. I'm an old and retired IT (I'm 62), and began in 1982 to autoteach informatics and unfortunately I don't have any electronic studies background, but since I look at your videos it makes me easier to understand. Many compliments for your activities, thank you for your posts.
I can't thank you enough for this, my dad's friend gave me an Acer laptop that after liquid damage wouldnt give any signs of life, I tried cleaning the mobo but nothing, so I just left it for years, but then I saw this video and I thought I could try the same thing, turns out one tiny cap on the cpu power rail had a short which prevented the whole laptop from giving any signs of life, I removed the cap without replacing it cuz I don't have any spares, there were multiple ones in parallel so just removed it and boom it started working.
I am a DYI dabler for my own stuff. I repaired a HDD that had a damaged logicboard last year with help like your channel helping me jumpp down 1 deeper into the rabbit hole. I had a controller chip transfered to a donorboard because I dont have the tools for this one time solder job on tiny stuff. but it worked. For the rest I've been watching and enjoying "yet another short" because its just satisfying seeing you tear stuff down, talk about it in a calm voice and have the enjoyment of taking the journey to "and it works again" :D. keep up the great work.
little tip when you want to measure a cap thats similar just move it to one pad either side so its still soldered down but out of circuit and cant sod off into oblivion
Pls the link for voltage injection video
Thanks for your videos Graham, I have no intention of trying these repairs. It is too late in life for me now but I enjoy watching your diagnosis routines. Thanks Chris.
For small SMD'd like these caps, get a pair of "Hot Tweezers" as per those from Northridge Fix. It'll all be "right first time". No blowing them into the carpet and no joining the contacts as you put them onto the board.
Yep, they won’t fly off to the 9th dimension...
In the olden days I used to read PC Pro magazines help pages where if you had a problem you wrote in with your issue, you waited up to 1 month for it to go in to print, then people would buy the magazine in WH Smiths and reply if they knew how to fix your issue, then 1 month later the answer would appear! Up to 3 months to get an answer to an issue - thank god the Internet came along! It was from reading these help pages that I learnt all those years ago how to fix issues on PCs. Now the modern day equivalent is watching appropriate videos on RUclips - like the ones you produce! Thanks 😎
Multilayer ceramic caps, the repair engineer's friend..😁😁😁
Great video again Graham learning more starting to Understand shorts👌👌👌👌
15:36-this is where a flexible phone holder would come in handy (so you can continue your FLIR/thermal checkup while power injecting)... Dell, IMO has always been the best laptop CO out there, for making it easier on those who fix these things up.
Another video well done. I'm the type of board repair student you're aiming for. I'm learning a lot about diagnostics from you, and I appreciate you covering the mundane "shorted capacitor" repairs. You do a great job of explaining your thinking about diagnosing a fault. I find myself stumbling when it comes to voltage injection, on "where do I inject?" Thanks again for what you do, and how you do it.
We can place the smd components on a sticky tape. That way they don't accidentally fly away when testing for a short or for their value
I stopped watching and unsubscribed from Northridge repair because he berated (insesantly) a user for a comment. You do very well handeling these people with kindness and information. Thanks for being a good human. Grain of salt goes a long way.
I really appreciate your videos. I have an old Clevo laptop that won't turn on. The fan spins for a few ticks and then shuts off. I've kept it so at some point when I get a bench power supply to inject power and have a thermal camera to see what's lighting up I'll be able to take a stab at fixing it. When that day does come, I'll be going over a bunch of YOUR videos again to gain some confidence!
Really enjoy your content and knowledge. Thank you for sharing.
the cap at the top was pleased to see you :)
I don't see any repetition in your videos. they are variations on a theme. different caps, different laptops, and most importantly, different techniques and approaches. it has been good to learn with you and watch you becoming more skilled confident.
Very good approach sir thank you.
Fantastically educational. I love it.
An easy way to hold little things like that is a blob of blu-tak works wonders bro.
was thinking that or a bit of double sided tape on the table!
Had a Zenbook come in the other day, no obvious short when testing, but flashing power led when button pressed. Ended up being a stupid ceramic cap across the cpu fan power shorted. Lucky i spotted it with one last visual inspection - without the microscope even.
great repair again please keep them coming.
don't listen to the bad youtube commenter, any repair is great
Repairing board with faults on main power rail is interesting. Great job.
Where did you buy your meter probes. I like them
BST-050 JP Superfine
www.aliexpress.com/item/1005001557245171.html?spm=a2g0o.order_list.0.0.6cca1802Tr63C4
@@Adamant_IT I would suggest the Pomona 6342 probes. Super fine and spring loaded so better grip on the small smd component.
Congrats on the 150k milestone by the way!
8:50 Surprised to see the Vcore rail is not derived directly from B+. Virtually every board I worked on creates Vcore from B+....I may be behind with my knowledge though, as I haven't worked on any new models to know what the latest "trends" in terms of power stage design are...
Well, beyond my skills so that's why I like seeing you do it, very interesting 👍👍👍
"That is a screw hole" Would not be much of a computer geek if we did not find humor in that.
Amazing video,very much appreciated...Thank you!!!!:)
Searching up the service tag shows it's actually an Inspiron 14 5482 2-in-1. There are 2 Inspiron 5100's in fact, one Kaby lake one and one that's the classic better-value desktop Pentium 4 in a laptop example from 2004.
In case you are curious how to find the laptop like that, just punch the service tag or express service tag into dell's support website.
I know this is almost 2 years late, but that is an Inspiron 5579. The 5100 is a model from the Pentium 4 era.
I thought this was going to be a video about a crappy P4 laptop from 2003 but I guess they reused the model number. Still it was a good video. I hadn't heard about there being so many power rails; on ones I've looked at it's just been input jack, main rail, and battery. I don't know why they'd put an extra layer between the power source and main B rail. Maybe it's to support laptops with a disconnect mode for the internal battery but I always figured that would just be a function in the BMS.
It’s open line not over limit, just means their is no connection or contInuity which is what you would expect passing dc through a cap
nice video, by the way you can use a double side tape or a ring of conventional tape to avoid flying components while measuring.
9:32 ".....If I'm honest..."? 🤣😂
Haha, I wish I got these short circuit problems more often. I get mostly logic problems, gpu & cpu shorts that are unfixable. This makes repairing fun when you can fix stuff otherwise it becomes tedious and very boring to take stuff apart and not fix it.
thanks for the video do you mind telling me which model of cam with screen you use to inspection and soldering microscope the one with screen do you use in the video ?thnks
I use blu-tac to hold when I'm testing, it doesn't ping off then :)
Not boring for me
the good old volt injection save the day
Every power fault is slightly different. Always something to learn. In the real world power faults are very common. All logic needs power, so even if it's a "signal" fault it's really a voltage at the wrong level so ultimately a power fault.
SMD test probe, works for me I have other Multimeter that use only two banana conector for test all whit the probe.
You need a good heat detection gun. Expensive but worth it. The Uni-T is a less expensive alternative that works well.
They don't have to be that expensive too, AliExpress has some just over 100 euros.
It would be a surprising video where you fix an exotic problem that hasn't actually happened, the critics need to start breaking their laptops in a novel way if they want to see novel repairs.
Hi and thank you so much for your style and your so well explained videos ! Learning a lot. One question : I have an old laptop with no screen that I would like to use only with a seperate HDMI screen. Any way I could tell this PC to stop using the missing screen and switch to the HDMI one instead ?
Enjoyed the video. Do you watch any of the Louis Rossmann videos?
hello my mate , i have a question about touchscreen . can we replace a usual lcd with touch screen one ? does it work ? or touch screen needs its own motherboard as well ? if you know what im saying . thank you so much
In medicine we have a couple of sayings. Common things are common. If you hear hoof beats don’t go looking for zebras first.
You are a mad lad ! :)
good work
Mr.Adam ant - Could you touch on maybe what is causing these shorts to happen in the first place, as it seems to me that poor building componets are being used from the factory, I do agree that these capacitors are like fuses and are doing there job - as well - I think on part of the problem is the miniturisation of the circutry has a bit of a roll here where these componets are becoming a bit of a problem, the resion why I say that is the Older units are built a bit more rugged and are maybe a bit more durable- or am I wrong ???
10μf? Looks like 10nf to me.
Great video by the way
Yeah, me thinkso too.
Usually what voltage are these caps. Excelent videos
Hello what electric screwdriver were you using
What is the sense pin used for? Do you practice ESD protection?
hey Adam l see these vids as training vid so thank you
What type of microscope / camera do you use? Can you put a link? Thank you!
Have you thought about using a pair of de-soldering / soldering tweezers rather than a reflow station ?
Hello nice video. Could you tell me what paste you use for soldering the board's components thanks
Flux is Amtech NC-559-V3-TF, Solder is an unmarked 30+ year old spool I found in my grandpa's attic
Hi can you please tell us what microscope camera you use?
good job as usual !!!
Have you done any videos where you replace a dual USB A port stack on a desktop mobo? I'm trying to replace one on an RPi 4, but I can not get the solder out of the holes that are used to secure the ports to the board. I've tried a solder pump and solder braid but those only gets me so far. I've tried hot air, but I can't seem to get the solder to liquify even at high heat (380 C). There's just a bit more deeper in the hole that just won't come out and it's driving me bonkers. And I have used flux for all things I've tried. Any help from anybody would be great. Thx!
Big boss, Good morning. Please Boss my question is: can i used SWITCHING VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY instead of linear for finding Short-circuit? Thank you
have to figure out my Dell Ultra book, runs fine off the power brick but doesn't charge the battery. Will charge the battery if it is put in the docking station using the connector on the bottom.
Likely an issue with the one-wire circuit, which is the sense pin on the DC jack. There's a 2.5v signal there that the laptop talks to the charger over. I've not had success fixing this before myself, but start by getting a schematic for your board and checking that circuit.
Graham I notice most of your repairs are on Laptops it got me thinking, OK if someone spilled a drink then fiar enough that caused the fault but lots of other faults do occure. So how many pppl buy a laptop and have it sat on their desk plugged in all day and it never moves? So does this shorten the live of a laptop compared to a desktop? I know a laptop looks nicer sat thet than having wires leading everywhere and it taakes up a lot less space but now there are lots of smaller desktops you can get for general office type work.
Also does gaming on a laptop ware them out shorter than if it was played on a desktop, so what are you thoughts, have I got a point or am I wrong?
whoa , sudden change of clothing at 5m25s
is closelier even a word shouldn't it be closer LOL
can you say what is your microscope ? And link to buy. by the way what is you model of the Fir camera and link, to bought. thanks for sharing your knowlage... greatings from Portugal ... ;)
Andonstar AD407
@@Adamant_IT and you flir termal camera 📸 ? Link to by ? Thanks... 👍
The back of the board could be having monkeypox. All those weird white dots.
Brilliant
Electronics Repair School's vaping genius concurs with you that showing common problems on different machines is the way to learn. So the moaners would do well to quit criticising and be grateful that there are people like you -- and Jessa Jones on the phone side -- who calmly mend devices and allow us into your workshops.
Failed caps on not just cheaper end machines seem to have been rife in recent years and I find HP to be the worst of the 'big three' brands. Recently I had 2 dead caps on one of their very expensive models and noted the low quality of the components.
Still subscribed.
Thanks for the content.
Keep up the good work.
בס״ד
hot tweezer's would be handy , you can buy them on ebay for 100 dollars lol
How do we know the size of capacitor without schematic?
Is the hinge on the DC jack side missing a screw, it is Dell getting cheap?
Graham excuse my ignorance but what do you think caused this to happen in the forst place, didn't see any liquid damage so what do you think?
how do you know that all the threee caps you desoldered from the board, have the same value?
What's the name of your podcast?
Hi Graham! I am a PC technic and thanks to your videos i am now starting bord repair i just installed my new station with soldering iron and hot air following your tips
Can i ask you the best (in your opinion) temperature for the soldering iron with a 60/40 wire?
Btw great video as always!
I recommend experimenting with different temperatures so you can see how they affect things. For two-sided boards (peripherals) 360-370 will do fine, for motherboards, you'll probably need 400 to work against the weight of the board.
Hot air, I generally use 420, and vary the distance / airflow as needed. Removing stuff you can generally go 80-100% air and quickly remove, putting things on I'd drop to 40-50% to avoid blowing things away. Again, experiment so you can see how the dials affect stuff and know what you need in a situation.
Can you provide the link RUclips video for the tips to by an starting board repair? Thanks...
@@Adamant_IT really thanks Graham! I will definitely try with your tips. Keep going with your good work!
Sir how can I get thermo came tust like you and his price pls?
Please keep showing short-circuits, and the other content you've been showing
Is a fix like this considered a cheaper fix?
where is the twitch link????
Ah! I forgot to update the links, shame as I was on tonight... Next stream on Sunday. twitch.tv/nethesem
Muy buen trabajo.
How do i confirm that the capacitors around the CPU you are not shorted without removing the CPU and the capacitors themselves from the board.
To my knowledge, vcore caps don't really fail (unless there's clear and visible damage) as they don't have nearly as much heavy lifting to do as input caps do. Caps like the ones I'm usually replacing are on higher voltage rails, in areas where the board can flex more, and absorb a great deal more switching noise.
@@Adamant_IT This is a life saver piece of information. Thanks, a thousand times for the clarification.
how to getting in the internet in a dell Inspiron 5100 XP?
megadeath cap... did i hear wrong👀
🤗🤗🤗
The boot screen at 29:00 shows a date of April 20, which indicates that the CMOS battery (which runs the system date & time of day clock) may need replacing.
The bios reset because he disconnected the cmos battery.
@@DumahBrazorf Only the main rechargeable battery was disconnected in the video. The CMOS button battery was not. The CMOS button battery is the only power source for the date & time of day clock. The 3.0 volt CMOS battery is non-rechargeable & is always in constant discharge mode, & has been since the laptop left the factory in China.
@@RVail623 Nope, have a better look. He disconnected also the CMOS battery
Yea, BIOS batt has to be disconnected to remove the mobo, you can see it glued to the chassis at 2:25
Muito bom !
Remind me not to buy a Dell !...always had Acer and have never had any trouble with any of mine ! i am a computer technician,but none the less none have ever had any trouble.
The Answer is B)
👍👍😎✌️🤟
As you note, failed capacitors are very common. Why do you think that is? Is it poor design/specification overloading the capacitors or just poor quality capacitors?
I don't think there's a single cause, but folks in the repair industry usually put it down to vibrations (drops, bangs) causing fractures, or cheap 3rd party chargers with output spikes. The crappy no-brand chargers can often have transients over 30v, which is over the 25v rating for the bulk bypass caps. These transients might be too fast for the TVS diode to catch, or the TVS diode might not cut in until 35v, so there's a 10v "danger zone" between the 25v max on the caps, and the 35v threshold of the TVS diode.
dell shortatron
nump