The Quantum Mechanical model of an atom. What do atoms look like? Why?
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- Опубликовано: 30 июл 2020
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Follow up video on QM of molecules here: • Why do atoms form mole...
When Ernest Rutherford realized that atoms have a heavy nucleus, he hypothesized that the way the moon orbits earth is the same as the way an electron orbits the nucleus of atoms. We now know an atom would not look anything like this.
So what does an atom really look like? Why are atoms so small? Why doesn’t an electron fall onto the proton in the nucleus if they attract each other? Why can’t you squeeze an atom, if it is mostly empty space? It turns out it is not mostly empty space. And you may be shocked at what it is actually filled with.
The answers lie in the equations of quantum mechanics. One big problem with the Rutherford model is that when electrons are accelerated, as they would be in circular orbits, they create electromagnetic waves. This means that photons would be constantly radiated from the electron, causing it to lose energy.
So using classical laws for the atom just did not work. In 1900, Max Planck showed that matter emitted only discrete amounts of radiation, with energy E proportional to the frequency f - the proportionality constant h, being Planck’s constant.
Neil’s Bohr combined Rutherford’s model and Planck’s theory to hypothesize that the electron could exist in certain special orbits without radiating energy. Planck’s constant had units of angular momentum. So he hypothesized that only those orbits would be allowed where the angular momentum of the electron is quantized. He guessed that the lowest orbit would have the momentum h/2pi where the 2pi comes from the geometry of circular orbits. And any orbit could exist as long as it was an integer multiple of this number. But Bohr could not explain why these special orbits should exist in the first place.
French scientist, Louis de Broglie said if a particle has a momentum and a wavelength, then an electron is a wave. This required a huge philosophical leap, because he was said solid matter was composed of waves.
DeBroglie suggested that electrons can only exist in orbits where their waves interfere constructively, and that can only happen if the circumference of the orbit is equal to any integer times the wavelength. This explained why orbits would be at the radii that they are, something that Bohr could not do.
What is the nature of these waves? This puzzle was solved by Austrian physicist, Erwin Schrodinger. He said a wave can exist anywhere in 3D space, and formulated the rules to describe these waves in the Schrodinger equation. This equation could described the hydrogen atom with more detail and precision than the Bohr model, as well as all the other atoms in the periodic table. This was a new kind of mechanics - quantum mechanics.
Why can't we just look inside any material to see what atoms look like? The problem is that in order to be seen, the object has to be large enough to reflect light. But the largest atom is 1000 times smaller than a wavelength of visible light. So visible light just goes right through the atoms.
So we have to guess based on what the wave equation tells us. It tells us is that the electron forms a cloud around the nucleus. The shape of the cloud is governed by the wave function. The cloud represents the probable position of the electron if you were to measure it. The volume of the atom is thus not empty. It is filled everywhere with a cloud of electrons.
We can use the Schrodinger wave equation to find the electron probability. The highest probability occurs at 0.529 X 10^-10 meters, which is exactly the same radius calculated by Bohr. So the most probable radius obtained from quantum mechanics is identical to the radius calculated by classical mechanics.
In Bohr’s model, the electron was assumed to be at this distance all the time, but in the Schrödinger model, it is never at any one radius. It has only the highest probability of being at this radius. The difference is due to the uncertainty principle, and the wave function.
And the same wave equation tells us that the nucleus of atoms is also a cloud. But the proton cloud is much smaller than the electron cloud because it is much more massive.
There are other shapes that the cloud of the hydrogen atoms could take as well, depending on the energy level and quantum state of the electron.
#whatdoatomslooklike
#atomicmodel
#quantummechanics
Why doesn’t the electron crash into the proton in the nucleus? Even if you drop an electron directly onto a proton, the electron will not fall and hit the proton - Because it would violate the Heisenberg uncertainty equation - both delta X and delta P would be zero. This can't be. Why can’t I squeeze two atoms together? It would require too much energy.
Link to paper showing picture of Hydrogen atom:
physics.aps.org/featured-arti... 
Наука
"prequel" video on the quantum mechanics of atoms: ruclips.net/video/azI-_S6g8C8/видео.html
You made the greatest quote of all time by any scientist IMO. 12:55
A big mass within small space is attracted by a big space containing a small mass, for example, proton vs electron. But why does neutron not attract electron?
@@cocoslover100 Because it does not have a net charge. It has a neutral charge.
@@johnjeffreys6440 . Van
@@johnjeffreys6440sir, im a hairy ape and i take offense.
Please do a video on explaining exotic states of matter :- Bose Einstein condensate, Degeneracy Matters, Quark Gluon Plasma etc
Ok, that is not on my list. If enough people like this comment, I will do it.
@@ArvinAsh yes please
Chris Jericho: You just made the list.
I would love to hear something on the Quark Gluon plasma. All three sound interesting.
@@ArvinAsh I think 82 people is enough. Haha
"While you might feel uncomfortable with quantum mechanics because it is unintuitive in nature, remember that nature has no obligation to be intuitive or understood by us conceited, hairless apes who think we deserve to know the deepest secrets of the universe." This is the best quote ever.
That phrase itself is conceited in that it presumes that people are somehow beneath the almighty presence of the universe. There's no reason to place a hierarchy of values on the universe since we are in it, we're apart of it, we are made of it. Hairless apes isn't even an insult, its just a crude description of what we are. No different from calling space an "empty void". People just be doin what they do, if something doesn't make sense there's no reason to just go straight to shit status. For all we know we could be the way the universe is exploring itself or maybe our very existence is implicative of the universe and if we didn't exist neither would the universe. Not us specifically but life in general.
it is more practical to say, God does his will no matter what. and mister ash is an stupid hairless ape by own will
@@kamomilo3532 It is absolutely impossible to separate gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy.
By Frank DiMeglio
Laughed my ass off at this quote so great, shit doesn't revolve around us and the earth will get rid of us if we don't change our ways
Agreed! Love it!
«Nature has no obligation to be intuitive»
Applause.
But if nature was conceived and tweaked by an omniscient paternal mono-deity who claims to love us, then I think the creator has a fiduciary obligation to make the mechanics of nature more/less understandable to our intuition. I'm not buying this putting it out of reach is good because it's challenging. Climbing MT Everest is challenging -- and it's definitely not good for you.
Yes, I'm surprised how many people today seem to think that their childlike emotional neediness should define reality.
Conceited hairless apes deserve to know.
Lame
"The universe has no obligation to make sense to you." N. deGrasse Tyson. ;)
One day, if I watch enough Arvin Ash, I'll be able to understand Beardy Guy on PBS Space Time.
Truthfully Beardy Guy leaves me scratching my head as much as grasping the subject. I think Arvin is just about the best out there at explaining this stuff.
PBS Space time is targeted for a different audience with a higher knowledge of physics needed to understand it
I like PBS space-time too but I don't understand half of it. It's not for rookies :(
Pbs spacetime are paid actors
lol. My major is Physical Sciences, and, yes, the beardy guy on PBS sometimes gets me lost.
One the best parts about your vids is you can hear and see the happyness you feel when teaching others, you can tell its something you genuinely enjoy, and it really adds alot to the experience, keep up the good work man
That’s energy, he feels us. We’re a big community 🧠🔑⚡️
This video is a masterpiece. Congratulations!
False
I second that; usually I have some kind of criticism but not this time.
@@TastelessOpinion Name checks out.
you don´t notice the information has black holes in it? there are facts that has no explain at all
in conclussion the scientifics took the classical mecanism to a 3d plain where the perimeter is filed with electrons like a christmas tree
Your videos are so amazing. Most underrated RUclips channel, this dude should have over 1m subscribes already.
@fynes leigh That just means they replaced the symbol 4 by 19, so they use a different notation, and probably also a different number system, because of the extra digit, that is all. There is no way to tamper with mathematics like that so your example is a bit silly, but we get the point anyway ;)
@fynes leigh dude, shut the fuck up stop trying to act philosophical about the number of subscribers an account has. Original commenter simply saying this channel deserves more recognition with some hyperboles involved
totally agree, these are too complex for people.
This explained the properties of the electron cloud better that my chemistry class, just so you know.
Careful, now. No, it doesn't.
It is a very fine presentation of current thinking about the "cloud" notion of electrons.
This is an important distinction because physics has drifted away from being about physical phenomena more and more through passing decades. Ash represents the best of a now almost vanished way of teaching physics -- and he is very greatly talking about visions, hypotheses, mental constructs.
@@TheDavidlloydjones huh?
@@cygnustsp
Well, it used to be billiard balls, and now it's clouds. Tomorrow it might be numbers or pictures or signals or who the hell knows?
What we're dealing in here is varying human understandings, not "things" in some "real world."
Physics is a gigantic mess at the moment because we simultaneously know that we've got it nailed down to 24 decimal places and can make an industrial civilization run on it and at the same time are nervously aware that it's all wrong.
There's got to be some sort of epistemological change, an elevator to a different floor in the building, maybe a different colour or flavour of thinking, or a "revolution" if you prefer a word from the gunpowder age.
The hilarious string theory -- predicts everything and you can't test any of it -- has been the effort of the past generation.
Next, please.
@@TheDavidlloydjones current proposed/understood human understanding is good enough for me, can't really think of a good alternative
@@cygnustsp
If you know something to be incorrect you use it very tentatively, it seems to me.
It is disgusting how underrated this channel is
To be honest, one of the best physics channels on RUclips! Your ability to simplify complex subjects is outstanding!
I love quantum mechanics so much. I wish this channel existed when I was a kid, I would have definitely thought about pursuing a science degree instead of art.
As long as you pursued something you're passionate about, all's good!
Techh Freakk yeah have fun just ignoring your strengths in the next life
Art is pretty good. Create some good Quantum Art .. combine the two, all is forgiven
That's the best thing about the internet - if you want to know about something you can find out pretty easily nowadays - But you've got to want to know - that's the thing :)
You haven't missed much... there has been no progress in quantum mechanics since you were born...
If you were my Professor i would be a genius
it's never too late to become a genius!
@@ArvinAsh omg its you youre videos made me fall in love with physics
Absolutely 🤙🤙💯💯
He already is our professor
Hey guys if you like space videos then do visit my channel once pls 🙏 🙏🙏 🙏
i want to live forever ,so i can see how science discovers the ultimate truth of reality u.u
Nice thought, but won't happen. Science will never discover the 'ultimate' truth of reality, just some functional sub-truths along the way.
The closest anyone will ever get to the ultimate truth of reality, will be the day they die. I don’t mean that in religious context either.
Forever is a long time. Living that long would be a kind of torture in my view.
Arvin Ash lol exactly. The only answers you’d be looking for in that kinda time frame is how to make it stop! lol
I used to think the same way. Then I got older and I no longer do... The world has a way of grinding you down. But good luck! Improvements in biotech may allow us to significantly lengthen human lifespans, if you have a bank account like Jeff Bezos or Elon Musk that is. It sure would be interesting to know how this all works out. At the rate we're making progress it's unimaginable what life would be like in say a thousand years - we may have figured everything out in the next 100-200?
The video has been explained in the most simplest terms available, and combined with the animations and an easily adaptable accent its just awesome
Great to hear!
This reminds me of my time in Physical Chemistry... many, many nights of studying and ignoring my humanties classes lol.
This is absolutely one of my most favorite channels on YT... Please keep em coming!!
Haha. I remember that class fondly. At my university this PChem class was ranked by students as the most difficult class on campus. I'm the only one I know that enjoyed it. That's when it hit me - I'm a nerd. lol.
For those of us who aren't satisfied existing without knowing and understanding as much as possible, your videos are neutron star collisions of pure gold! I thank you and your team Arvin for quality science videos.
Best ever explanation about quantum physics!!! Thank you
I’ve been wanting to hear more on this for ages, great video that was well explained without being unnecessarily complicated. A well earned sub.
Arvin, you are a genius! I could listen to you for hours, often having to replay the videos to try and understand these deep concepts but somehow you always manage to improve my knowledge and understanding! ❤🙏
This video is a starting point for all who have curious questions about quantum world!
Thank you! I am a lifelong student of the philosophy of science. I am getting ready to teach seven and eight year old children about the atom and I don't want to just teach them the Rutherford model. This video helped me form some ideas that they will be able to understand.
Bravo! I think all schools should teach them the TRUE model of the atom from such a young age. Great to hear. Good for you!
Philosophy is bullshit. It doesn't do anything for you in science. In science you have to study nature. Having said that, an eight year old child won't understand a thing about this, especially not if somebody who doesn't understand it, either, is trying to teach the subject.
I can't explain it in word how to thank you...thanks a lot...please maintain spreading your knowledge
This maybe the best explanation I'd ever encountered! Thank u !!! Just thank uuuuu!!
Thanks for what you do. Your ability to be concise and keep things simple yet still not watered down is such a great talent.
I appreciate that!
Amazing video Arvin - not only understandable and well presented but also the animations are excellent visual aids. :) I feel that this is one of, if not your best, videos.
Thank you. The funny thing is, whenever I post a new video, I think it's no good, and no one will watch. I thought the same about this one.
I am really learning lots from your videos. You have a great way of explaining these complicated and unusual facts. Really enjoyable, thank you!
This explanation "knocks it out of the park." So comprehensive and well-explained for such a complex, yet nuanced subject. And all in 14 mins. Very well done. Thanks!
This explanation is phenomenal...the most concise and interesting one I could find recently...
You do a good job of making these very difficult topics understandable.
I appreciate that!
Wow. . .this was the best video on this subject that I've seen. Thank you so much for the hard work!
It’s really great what you do in these videos. I like them a lot.
Thanks. I appreciate that.
Now I finally feel I have a good idea of the structure of the atom and what it 'looks' like. Thanks Ash!
My takeaway from this video: the Michigan stadium is the largest in the US.
Very important info
Lol yes
If Michigan has the biggest, then what's the big deal with the at&t Stadium?
@@jonnupe1645 fax wtf
Don’t forget jet fuel can’t melt steel beams
My favourite channel!👍🏽 legit scientific information not some internet hypothesis! You're so cool Arvin!👍🏽
one of the best explanations and intuitive graphics simulations I've seen, thanks for sharing.
Arvin, what happens to electrons in the neutron star?
Great video! Thank you for a simple and intuitive explanation!
11:20 there's also another perspective, that is if the electron fell into the atom then it's position would be confined by the radius of the nucleus.
Substituting the closest approximation we know of the nucleus radius in the heisenberg equation we would get the uncertainty in velocity greater than the speed of light.... Which, due to a german scientist with a tongue sticking, would not be possible
Been waiting for this video, thank you Arvin
Excellent presentation. Honestly, I originally thought this was a PBS series I missed. Great "look & feel". Thanks for doing this.
I just started watching Arvin. He is great!!! So well presented even I can get a clue
This video could easily get qualified for a title "quantum physics in a nutshell" if you could just include schodinger cat somehow :) One of your best upload so far :) keep up the good work :)
Ash is one very bright lad!
Nice sentiment. There is so much more than just this. My degree in this took four years. But yes - he does an EXCELLENT job.
@@scottt9382
I've criticised him elsewhere: he can't always resist the temptation to go all goo-goo when the word "quantum" sticks its head out of the fog.
It's sometimes irritating to see really first-class, relevantly arrayed, graphics backing up his voice maundering on about Ooh, the Wonderful Mystery of it All.
@@felix8091
Agreed -- and that's before you get into Epistemology 101, Attacks on Epistemology 101, Radical Rethinking of Quantum Mechanics 402(b)i...😂🤣🤦♀️
Another great video. Your content and your delivery are top notch!
EXCELLENT
I can't express myself better. Taught many thinks I surprisingly haven't crossed with yet, and made me have questions I didn't thought before.
We've made so much progress in just a 100 years! Pretty good time for humanity.
Thank you for doing such a good job of explaining it.
And just think how insignificantly small 100 years is compared to how long the earth has been in existence
@@alanbenlolo6912 yeah.
I really like the explanations on how quantum theory evolved over time to explain shortcoming of previous theories in a logical and clear manner. Thank you for a great video.
Scientists are very good at explaining the shortcomings of others ideas. Not so good at criticism of their own beliefs.
This video is brilliantly communicated! Well done.
Its Niels Bohr ;).
Love your videos, great content. Very useful in my studies in Copenhagen indeed.
Keep up the good work Arvin!
as usual, very well done from both the scientific and presentation perspectives. thank you for all the work that went into this.
Thank you very much!
Arvin Ash: stand center: another excellent presentation
It is such a well organized and easy understood explanation. Thank you!
Really great video. You clear explanations make it all easy to understand !!!!
Heads off to you sir,
I can't imagine the questions you ask and the answers are truely more amazing.
Sir I don't have words to say for you.
I am thankful to you for giving us so important information to all of us.
I am 13 and one day I would be an aerospace engineer and study quantum mechanics and I would and I would like to contribute with the design of spaceships to land on planets of the solar system Jupiter, Saturn etc. your video are very instructive and I very like your channel 👍🏻
Good for you buddy! Go for it.
I would suggest videos of Sabine Hossenfelder, PBS Spacetime, and Fermilab featuring Don Lincoln.You remind me of me 50 years ago. Do whatever you have to do to realize your desire. After all, you only get one life. I’m proud of you already 😌
Bro you cant land anything on gas giant planets. They dont have a surface lol
I loved this video - I wish I'd seen this years ago... I understood all the various principles previously, but your simplified mathematics just clicked everything into place for me (unfortunately I never went further than high school maths, so your down-to-earth explanations made all the difference).
There were several "oh, wow - of course" moments while watching it. Just fantastic! :-)
Now subscribed! :-)
Beautiful.. totally loved this one. Thanks Arvin
Thanks Arvin. I always imagined that solidity was an “illusion”, given the wave/particle duality of matter. That what we experienced as “solid” was just the interpretation by our limited senses of the forces at play. Not sure if what you explained here today is in sync with that thinking or not, but it sounds quite close?
"Nature has no obligation to be intuitive and understood."
Complex questions explained simply....and actually lives up to it. So lucky to have guys like you Arvin. Democratizing complex knowledge is so important and not talked about enough.
One of the most complete explanation about the atom... Really a good job..
Ash: a amazing, gifted teacher.
"nature has no obligation to be intutive or understood by us conceited hairless apes" Brilliant statement!
Well done with bringing up the Heisenberg principle for electron location . Great for intuition.
Absolutely amazing episode! Best one yet!
i didn't like when you said: " the reason why an electron can't collapse with a proton is because it violates the rules of the equation."
i still don't get why it just doesn't collapse with the proton XD
Yeah, I probably worded that poorly. Essentially, the laws of QM are such that there will alway be a tradeoff between the coulomb attraction and uncertainty principle. The electron will always form a cloud.
@@ArvinAsh wouldn't it be more appropriate to say that the uncertainty principle is a cop out for saying we don't know yet.
I'm a medical physician this is equivalent to saying the following is idiopathic.
Well done btw I'm a new fan
@@garsayfsomali the uncertainty principle is not a limitation of our knowledge or measuring devices. It is a limitation of reality. This is the way reality behaves.
Yep. The “rules of the equation “ are the best we can do right now. The electron and proton (and all other “particles) are actually made of massless bits trapped by the Higgs field. These particles can’t get close because of the “Pauli exclusion principle “(another rule). Equations don’t mean they exist, but they just fit the data, so we have to deal with the math until we can do better. After all, we used to think the earth was the center of the universe!
@@garsayfsomali It has in fact been shown that the 'uncertainty' of quantum mechanics is a fundamental property of Nature - no way of getting around it, and definitely not due to our ignorance. Our ignorance is abundant - the more we learn, the more we realize that we don't know - but the wave function and the uncertainty principle are not products of that.
I like your channel. When I was in University I took inorganic chemistry as a part of my B. S. degree in biochemistry. Because I have always been both a hobby and now a professional programmer I made a software to calculate and visualize the probability distribution of the e- in different orbitals for the H atom. Unfortunately I lost the code as this was some time ago :-) But watching this episode I was wondering, even if the distribution cloud of the proton is so small and there is very little probability that the e- will come close to it, the probability that the e- can end up inside the proton must be higher than zero, correct? If that is true, is it possible, though unlikely, that the electron could end up inside the proton and so that the negative charge would interact with the positive charge? Final question that I am most curious about, what would happen?
Great question. Indeed this can happen. The wave extends to the inside of the nucleus. In large atoms, an electron can get absorbed into the nucleus, and would result in a change to a different element, or an isotope.
Yes, higher than zero. Even better: for s orbitals the probability density is highest at the center!
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_atom#Visualizing_the_hydrogen_electron_orbitals
The wave function already describes the whole state of the electron, it's not like the electron is a small ball that's sometimes here and sometimes there. The whole cloud is the electron, the wavefunction says it's a superposition of being at all those points, with different weights/amplitudes in that superposition, so in a sense that electron is already partly inside the nucleus all the time. Nothing more special happens, the shape of the electron's wavefunction in the hydrogen atom is already the result of the proton being there, result of the constant interaction. If you try to somehow squeeze that cloud to the proton size, localize the electron there, momentum for such wavefunction will be so high that it will very quickly expand back.
@@ArvinAsh thank you for the answer and keep up the good work :-)
Great question and answer, this helped answer my question, so an electron wave can end up in the nucleus.
@@thedeemon I might be wrong, but I don't think you are correct about "the probability density is highest at the center". It has been so many years since I was playing around with the calculation in my C code (though I can remember it is not that complicated after taking basic math involving complex numbers - The code was less than about 100 lines). The problem with the visualization on the Wikipedia page you are refereeing to might be showing the surface of the "cloud" though I am not sure. If you look at Arvin Ash video again when he shows the graph for the Electronic Probability ( ψ^2 × r^2 ) by the distance from the nucleus (r) starting about 8:15 into the video, the graph starts from zero and then increase and peaks at 0.529 × 10^-10 m. But notice that the nucleus is so small compared to that peak. In the case of H atom the nucleus is just one proton so the size is 0.84-0.87 fm (or 0.84×10−15 to 0.87×10−15 m). You have a point about the electron not being a small ball and the cloud is in a superposition at all the posibilites. But what I asked about is if an interaction between the electron and the proton is theatrically possible. Because as I understand the quantum mechanism, an interaction would mean the collapse of the wave function for the electron or what I think is called decoherence. This is assuming that the electron and the proton are not entangled, correct? Or am I wrong about that? I am not saying you are wrong though because I don't know for sure, what the correct answer is. But your response made be think more about this and thank you for that. Respect.
Very nice description of the current understanding of what an atom is and how it should be visualized. AA as usual rocks with his easy to understand short videos of difficult concepts. Would be nice if Lamb shift was included.
Beautifully explained!!
I understood these theories for the first time, 14 years after completing my post graduation !
"Conceited hairless apes" 🤣🤣🤣
I love your videos
I being more hairless than others, of course.
@@ArvinAsh lmao
This may be one of the best video's I've ever seen on youtube. Thank you for explaining how Planck was fundamental to modern physics. I think I understood 40% of this video when watching without pausing.
Excellant! You have nicely explain why electron is not falling into the nucleus. Keep doing the good work.
For us here in India, its a great help to understand it.
Thank you very much.
You are awesome😊
Woohoo! I actually understood most/some of that.
The problem for me came when he got to the Schrödinger Equation. I took college math through Diff EQ, and actually did better in that class than in any other, but it was long ago, and i just can’t “see it”.
Thanks for the historical overview of discovery!
It's amazing how you can explain complex things in simple terms without dumbing them down.
Some hairless apes are more hairless than others. ;-) Thanks for the video. As always, a complex subject matter explained in a tangible and graphic way.
Indeed, that was the not-so-subtle joke about myself there.
I'm not a hairless ape, I'm just thining.
What a coincidence. I have been studying about modern physics recently and I couldn't find a single video that would explain how an atom REALLY looks like . I learnt a lot from this video. Thank you so much. It also helped me to revise lessons I learnt earlier.
Im permanently glued to this now 🙏
consider two entangled particles, and what happens to one of the particles if another on falls into a black hole
www.askamathematician.com/2012/12/q-two-entangled-particles-approach-a-black-hole-one-falls-in-and-the-other-escapes-do-they-remain-entangled-what-about-after-the-black-hole-evaporates/
entangelment is bogus
@jumbonium what is entanglede particle? Can you entangle 2 hidrogen atoms and how do you do that?
@jumbonium But can you show me where and how did they entangle particles?
Like for double slit experiment they use a laser at 90 degrees when shooting particles as a slit defying the awesomness of particle wave non-sense.
Equally applied to photons as compressed aether might appear as a unit of a photon if we follow Nikola Tesla explanation of the aether being gasseous like substance thus light propagating like sound longitudinally
@jumbonium Ye, but i want to see the experiment as all i get is cartoons.
And delayed choice double slits are nothing of interest. Just a nice teaching tool how meassuring with electro magnetic devices interferes with electro magnetic signals
Matter is braided waves, thank you for attending my TedTalk
Thanks for this and your other videos. It's nice that you're explaining things from a historical perspective. I feel like I'm part of the journey to unravel how an atom looks like. Thanks, Ash.
Very well explained Sir.
10:28 - "This is definitive proof that our 3D model is likely correct". It's strange to have "definitive proof" that something is "likely".
Strange, perhaps, but everything we encounter in the world, and all of our knowledge about it is inherently statistical (probabilistic) in nature.
Anyone who claims certainty about _anything_ is exaggerating... but a “high probability” will be sufficient in nearly (ha-ha) all situations!
Actual proof of anything is relegated to the field of mathematics.
In any other science we just have evidence (observations) that supports a theory (or, equivalently, a model) or rejects a theory.
If a theory encounters evidence against it, the theory is wrong. It can either be fundamentally wrong, or it can be fixed with adjustments from new insights.
Finding evidence in support of a theory, does not mean the theory is correct - all we can say is that we now have more evidence supporting it.
Watched in 0.75 speed.
Thank you!! This really gave me a good picture on how an atom looks like in the view of Quantum mechanics..
Arvin sir! This lecture was simply very revealing, I have not come across better explanations
my favorite youtuber EVER. love you man!
Damn. I curently watching all your videos since several days. I have the feelings to understand what's going on way better. I couldnt thank you enough for your works. This is beyond brillant as it is clear while complicated at the same time (quantum?) . Thx again
Very informative video. Thank you.
I’m a physics student and learned all this in school, but I never saw a video (or someone) explain it this well.
It was truly enlighting, thank you
Great Video Arvin. Time well spent :)
Glad you enjoyed it
Thanks arvin.this is a video which i really needed as i am following quantum chemistry course for BSc.degree
Excellent video. Thanks.
Excellant information well presented. This would have helped tremendously.
Fantastic presentation!
Best video explaining quantum models
Best explanation I have heard.