@@khatijajabari4265 That is a fantastic question, and it is a little tricky to answer. Generally, whether we observe something as a peak of trough in our EEG depends on the dipole. The dipole is the source of the activity and the average direction of the current flow. And the direction of current flow depends on the orientation of a group of neurons. We know that the current within a single neuron goes from soma and then along the axon. The extracellular fluid will be negatively charged as it is opposite to the axon. Let's say this is true for an entire group of neurons, and this is also the source of a signal, that is directly under an electrode. If the axons go away from the electrode, the extracellular fluid will be negatively charged at the axon and positively charged at the soma (which is closer to the electrode). In that case you would observe peak. Now, this is a simplified example, which is not true for the complex morphology of the brain. Also, I did not take into account the position of the reference electrode, which can flip peaks and troughs depending on locaton. As you can see, whether something is a peak or trough is very complex, and often we cannot say for certain why it is what it is. So, in conclusion, peaks or troughs are not very important as long as you keep electrode and reference location constant. I will make a video in the future (EEG 102) where I will explain EEG and ERPs in more detail. Probably a video that is a lot longer. But for now, I hope it helps.
Thank you! You know, this makes me really happy, because we always targeted an audience of people who are genuinely interested in Neuroscience and want to learn more! :)
hey man I love your videos, you're providing hard topics in a basic and understandable way! this is amazing.Thanks a lot! plus I love your examples. thanks for sharing resources too. I appreciate it.
I've met 50 Cent a few times. In person and other ways. He's a chill guy with big goals. When they wanted to box him in as a rapper only, I supported his visual arts career. They wanted Curtis to stay a rapper and I was like, No. He can be more. Turns out, I was right. Curtis Jackson is a very good filmmaker. Basically, he says the same stuff I do but thru a different filter. I admired him and some other rappers because of his business sense. I used to tell rappers to invest and he actually did. To the point white guys in suits began to report about him to me. More black people should listen to guys like this.
The first letter indicates whether a componentvis positive or negative. N meaning negative and P meaning positive. There is however no exact meaning. Whether a component is positive or negative depends on the region and the neural orientation. This will determind the direction of the dipole which in turn causes the electriclal fluctuations on the scalp. I explain this in more detail in the 101 video about EEG.
It's so helpful guy. I've just heard a little bit about ERP, EP (Evoke Potential). Some sources said that AEP, VEP are subtypes of ERP, and some source said that EP and IP (Induce Potential) are 2 subtypes of ERP. Can you all clarify them for me huh TvT.
AEP are auditory evoked potentials, so these are ERP that happen when you hear a sound. VEP are visual evoked potentials, and thus are ERPs when you see a stimulus. EP and IP don't sound like universal abbreviations related to ERPs, so it depends on where you heard about them.
Typically when we talk about ERP we mean "averaged" ERPs. An event-related potential can theoretically occur in a single trial. However, when looking at human EEG or MEG data, a single trial is simply to noisy. So we need to average mutiple trials. This is called the "averaged ERP" (when trials are averaged in a single person) or "grand average ERP" (when averaged over multiple participants). However, in research articles, the terms "averaged" or "grand average" are left out. So the terminology ERP could refer to a single trial, multiple trials averaged, or multiple data from multiple people averaged. Since, in most studies results sections focus on averaged data, typically "grand average" ERPs are implied when the it says ERP.
Positive and negative peaks relate to specific processes. However, whether something is positive over negative will depend on orientation of neurons, specific origin of the signal and referencing method. In short, whether it is positive or negative has no specific meaning, but depends on the task that someone is doing.
I am a PGA `Fellow´ golf professional I have completed my 7 year long university studies which included; Psychology, Physiology, Neurophysiology, Neuroscience and Neuropsychology and Human Metabolism, and a short crash course regarding fMRI.
I am unaware if you have any golf or golf playing experience, please excuse me.
My paper/dissertation and resultant book completely turns on its head traditional golf instruction content and method. Would you give me permission to cite your RUclips video relating to ERP`s within my paper/dissertation and my golf instruction book?
Hi Gary, That sounds like awesome work. Both of us never played golf (maybe once a long time ago and I didn't even know how to swing). Of course you can use our material! The more is is shared, the better! Best, Miles
I've been reading about this for four hours already and only now understand it thanks to your video. This is great!
I am glad it helped! :)
What do you associate the negative and positive peak to? Can you pls give an example
@@khatijajabari4265 That is a fantastic question, and it is a little tricky to answer. Generally, whether we observe something as a peak of trough in our EEG depends on the dipole. The dipole is the source of the activity and the average direction of the current flow. And the direction of current flow depends on the orientation of a group of neurons.
We know that the current within a single neuron goes from soma and then along the axon. The extracellular fluid will be negatively charged as it is opposite to the axon. Let's say this is true for an entire group of neurons, and this is also the source of a signal, that is directly under an electrode. If the axons go away from the electrode, the extracellular fluid will be negatively charged at the axon and positively charged at the soma (which is closer to the electrode). In that case you would observe peak.
Now, this is a simplified example, which is not true for the complex morphology of the brain. Also, I did not take into account the position of the reference electrode, which can flip peaks and troughs depending on locaton. As you can see, whether something is a peak or trough is very complex, and often we cannot say for certain why it is what it is. So, in conclusion, peaks or troughs are not very important as long as you keep electrode and reference location constant.
I will make a video in the future (EEG 102) where I will explain EEG and ERPs in more detail. Probably a video that is a lot longer. But for now, I hope it helps.
@@real.psyched Could you make the video EEG 102, please? Thank you for your awesome video.
Man your channel is a hidden gem!! Amazing explanation and amazing videos quality !!
Thank you very much! :) We try to do our best and hopefully the channel won't stay hidden :)
Thank you for explaining so much in such a short time!
absolutely amazing video! currently trying to self-teach neuroscience and this helps a TON!! thanks for all the incredible works!
Thank you! You know, this makes me really happy, because we always targeted an audience of people who are genuinely interested in Neuroscience and want to learn more! :)
hey man I love your videos, you're providing hard topics in a basic and understandable way! this is amazing.Thanks a lot! plus I love your examples. thanks for sharing resources too. I appreciate it.
Thanks for the kind words! 😊
Super clear!!!!
Way better than many of the lectures in China!!
🙂
Thank youu so precise and easy to understand 🎉
I enjoyed it! Summarised a big chunk of my lecture material! ❤
Glad to hear that!
Thank you!!! U ARE MY TRUE HERO!!!
Thanks this made things clearer.
Extremely helpful video, thank you.
An interesting and informative video, well presented, thank you.
GB, Spain
Thank you!!
I understand after watching videos on the topics. Thanks
I've met 50 Cent a few times. In person and other ways. He's a chill guy with big goals. When they wanted to box him in as a rapper only, I supported his visual arts career. They wanted Curtis to stay a rapper and I was like, No. He can be more. Turns out, I was right. Curtis Jackson is a very good filmmaker.
Basically, he says the same stuff I do but thru a different filter. I admired him and some other rappers because of his business sense. I used to tell rappers to invest and he actually did. To the point white guys in suits began to report about him to me.
More black people should listen to guys like this.
LOOOOL
thank u so much for posting these videos! very useful!!!
Thank you for watching! I am happy it helped you out! :)
Love it!! Thank you!
Thank you! This was very helpful for me:)
Thank you!
What are the differences between a positive n400 and negative erp? What does it mean when erp is positive or negative ?
The first letter indicates whether a componentvis positive or negative. N meaning negative and P meaning positive. There is however no exact meaning. Whether a component is positive or negative depends on the region and the neural orientation. This will determind the direction of the dipole which in turn causes the electriclal fluctuations on the scalp. I explain this in more detail in the 101 video about EEG.
thanks for this amazing video:)
Thank you! I am happy it was helpful :)
It's so helpful guy. I've just heard a little bit about ERP, EP (Evoke Potential). Some sources said that AEP, VEP are subtypes of ERP, and some source said that EP and IP (Induce Potential) are 2 subtypes of ERP. Can you all clarify them for me huh TvT.
AEP are auditory evoked potentials, so these are ERP that happen when you hear a sound. VEP are visual evoked potentials, and thus are ERPs when you see a stimulus.
EP and IP don't sound like universal abbreviations related to ERPs, so it depends on where you heard about them.
YES YOU SNAPPED THANK YOU
So are ERPs simply the peak of an individual trial or are they calculated through averaging a series of trials? I thought it was the latter.
Typically when we talk about ERP we mean "averaged" ERPs. An event-related potential can theoretically occur in a single trial. However, when looking at human EEG or MEG data, a single trial is simply to noisy. So we need to average mutiple trials.
This is called the "averaged ERP" (when trials are averaged in a single person) or "grand average ERP" (when averaged over multiple participants).
However, in research articles, the terms "averaged" or "grand average" are left out. So the terminology ERP could refer to a single trial, multiple trials averaged, or multiple data from multiple people averaged. Since, in most studies results sections focus on averaged data, typically "grand average" ERPs are implied when the it says ERP.
@@real.psyched Thanks so much for clarifying!
what do positive and negative peaks mean?
Positive and negative peaks relate to specific processes. However, whether something is positive over negative will depend on orientation of neurons, specific origin of the signal and referencing method. In short, whether it is positive or negative has no specific meaning, but depends on the task that someone is doing.
@@real.psyched Thank you :)
Thank you :D
Hi Psyched
Good morning, you are welcome.
I am a PGA `Fellow´ golf professional I have completed my 7 year long university studies which included; Psychology, Physiology, Neurophysiology, Neuroscience and Neuropsychology and Human Metabolism, and a short crash course regarding fMRI.
I am unaware if you have any golf or golf playing experience, please excuse me.
My paper/dissertation and resultant book completely turns on its head traditional golf instruction content and method.
Would you give me permission to cite your RUclips video relating to ERP`s within my paper/dissertation and my golf instruction book?
Kind regards
Gary Birch
PGA `Fellow´ Professional
Spain
Hi Gary,
That sounds like awesome work. Both of us never played golf (maybe once a long time ago and I didn't even know how to swing).
Of course you can use our material! The more is is shared, the better!
Best,
Miles
N400 Is semantics it doesn't mean just language.
Yes, that is what I said. Quote from the video: "N400 and P600 can be observed, which encode the semantics and syntax of language".