Or go safari hunting with some giant caliber break barrel single-shot rifle and the little jumpsuit with shorts black boots and safari hat and a skinny Ethiopian guide named Mbala
the Sea People's whom are those warriors that was a configuration of tribes that where off the cost of ashdod or maybe they made there ship's from the cedar of lebanon . look at the cost line look at Israel maybe the tribes of israel
What are your thoughts on this episode which touches on a variety of topics relating to the Sea Peoples and especially their ethnicity? Special thanks to Dr. Woudhuizen for taking the time to talk with us, we will be having on in the future along with many others to discuss the subjects that they love! Check out our new store! teespring.com/stores/the-history-shop Get your Sea Peoples | Late Bronze Age Merch below! Mugs: teespring.com/new-sea-peoples-mediterranean?pid=658&cid=102950 Hoodies | Shirts | Tank Tops: teespring.com/get-sea-peoples-mediterranean?pid=212&cid=5819 Get your Hittite Merch below! Mugs: teespring.com/HittiteEmpireMug?pid=658&cid=102950&sid=front Shirts | Tank Tops | Hoodies: teespring.com/hittite-empire-shirt?pid=2&cid=2397 Trojan War Merch Below! Mugs: teespring.com/trojan-war-coffee-mug?pid=658&cid=102950 Tank Tops | Shirts | Hoodies: teespring.com/TrojanWarShirt?pid=2&cid=2397 To help us continue doing what we do, considering becoming a Patron on our Patreon and join our private discord community! www.patreon.com/The_Study_of_Antiquity_and_the_Middle_Ages To support the channel by purchasing cool history merchandise check out our affiliate link to SPQR Emporium: spqr-emporium.com?aff=3 *Disclaimer, the link above to SPQR is an affiliate link which means we will make a small commission from your generous purchases, just another way to support the channel!
Lots of interesting tidbits that really add more texture to the whole context of what was going on during that period and other periods. Probably have to rewatch it 2 or 3 times. Some nice gems of information. I am a huge fan of "context" and you guys touch upon a good bit of different subjects. The area of presentation where I found my mind sorta trying to piece things together was the concept of Italic people occupying central and eastern Europe and also the Italian area. Then them being pushed down into just Italy proper by the Celts/Gauls.etc ... I was imaging how Rome itself was a reactionary expansion of italic people pushing back against the Celts/Gauls there. But then there is the whole Etruscan side of things, them being a colony from the Western Annantolia area. Basically, the Etruscans possibly helping the Italic get technologically advanced enough to be not only able to fight back against the Gauls/celts but to eventually beat them so bad to make them virtually militarily extinct from mainland Europe. (Germanic tribes obv. coming down from the north and maybe the east also had success against the Gauls/Celts, and who the hell knows who else pressured them from the east, Scythians/Sarmatians etc... lol)
The connection with the phoenicians and their maritime empire is an incredible insight. Phoenician and hebrew is essentially the same language, so sea peoples to palestine>interact with locals, adopt language, and extend their seafaring knowledge which leads to a reverse migration later on. Amazing
Great to hear Dr. fred Woudhuizen .. would love to hear more from him. His books are quite expensive and not yet filtered into the mainstream, so well done and thank you for bringing him in and giving out the link to his paper on the sea peoples.i just downloaded the pdf and look forwards to reading through it.
I found this fascinating especially comments linking Sea Peoples to Central Europe. Also liked the discussion possibly linking Sea Peoples with Philistines. I've heard suggestions in the past related to Phoenicians. Very impressed with Dr. Woudhuizen's presentation. Thank you. I liked and subscribed.
@@edstar83 Phoenicians were Bania from western india. Bani is a cognate of proto-indo-european word Vanijya and it literally means trade and commerce. Bania literally means trader. Spread of the western indian lineage of black rats via trader ships through europe has confirmed these events.
A profoundly interesting topic, and my thanks to the professor. I wonder how this coalition of at least nine diverse ethnicities came together and functioned during their tour of the Eastern Med. As I read the Egyptian accounts, it sounds like Rameses managed to drive a wedge between them, for example the "settling" of some in a couple of different places. Certainly we are left with a picture of very complex realtionships on all sides at the time of the collapse.
From what I can source on wiki, he certainly doesn't hold a professor's seat anywhere and hasn't impressed a book publisher enough to commit his ideas to print. Sounds a bit dodgy to me.
@@michaelbedford8017 he’s an independent researcher, and has been on a number of dig teams. He’s had papers published in journals. Just because he’s not a professor doesn’t mean he’s not credible.
Excellent discussion. But the elephant in the room that was only briefly touched upon, if at all, in the discussion: What prompted the "Sea Peoples" desperate all-out-attack-plus-migration south and east?
They speculate that it was climate change, famine and warfare that drove the Sea People to attack these Bronze Age kingdoms. They touched on it briefly when they discussed the Urn-field proto-Celtic people pushing south into Northern Italy as one possible reason for the migration of one group of the Sea People. The truth is no one really knows for certain and scholars are trying to piece together a hypothesis from the few historical documents they have available and the archeological evidence from that period.
As far as I understand the Bronze Age collapse, it was preceded by the eruption of Thera/Santorini. It smashed the Minoans, especially her seapower. In the power vacuüm that emerged, many nations started raiding the coastlines of the Eastern Mediterranean. Many nations collapsed under the onslaught of the seapeople, Egypt was the last to face them, she had time to prepare and survived but barely. The collapse of her trading empire led to Egypt's decline, she never recovered. Woudhuizen's knowledge on the subject is profound.
@@sagebalsys7390 yes, this was long thought to be the case but more recent geological studies and a better understanding of ancient texts agree on the fact that ashfall contaminating the fresh water supplies, devastating agriculture, leveling infrastructure and the tsunamis took out the ports and fleet as most ports are on the northern coast of Crete coincided with the eruption. Thera is only about 80 km away from Crete and a vei eruption now thought to be clser to a 7 rather than an 6 could easily have achieved it.
The power vacuum left by the collapse of the Minoans is not enough to explain the migration of “The Sea People” into Egypt, Anatolia, Syria, and the Levant. Scholars have hypothesized that there must have been famine due to unfavorable weather patterns and warfare that drove those people from their home lands in search of resources and suitable places to settle.
I so much wish you also had a full on interview on all the different “Luwian” people’s, the Caunians, the Carians, the Lycians, it’s all quite remarkable... I want to know if the Minoans spoke a language related to Luwian languages or not too...
There is another video in this series where someone talks about the decipherment of Minoan Linear A from a Hungarian professor. I would look up that one to answer your question about the Minoan language.
No they did not speak a related language to the Minoans. Luwian language was indo European while minoan is a language isolate as far as we know but we know very little on the minoan language because Linear A still hasn’t been deciphered. To me though I personally think the minoans were related to the Etruscans.
The southern reaches of the Urnfield cultural zone extended to the Croatian coastline by the late Bronze age. The late Bronze age Eastern Med was characterized by its far-flung trading networks, extending from Cornwall to Afghanistan, if indirectly. The southern Urnfield peoples would doubtless have been in contact with Phoenician, Greek, and Anatolian sea merchants, whose ship-building techniques and technolohies were nearly identical. It seems nobody was keeping any secrets in that particular sphere. It would not be out ofthe the question that ship building ideas might have been swapped between Urnfield shipsmiths and these folks. Of course, this is just speculation on my part. The elephant in the room that wasn't touched upon in the discussion: What prompted the "Sea Peoples" desperate all-out-attack-plus-migration south and east?
@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 Of course they didn't. But they are very similar. The point is if Viking boats could do both, then Sea Peoples could as well. Shelley Wachsmann has written about this. Also, some Sea People settlements, like Tel Tayinat were inland on rivers, so they were using their boats to get there.
Viking boats are not built like boats from the Mediterranean, Vikings boats are build from a different grade of timber.... and use a entirety different process.... they only look similar to untrained eyes...
Hey SAMA. I read an interesting older paper about the so-called "Sea Peoples." It talked about how some of the names (translations) of them have been strongly influenced by preconceived ideas (because certain hieroglyphs in Egyptian have dual potential pronunciation. For example, 'R' can be 'L' because the Egyptians did not have a hieroglyph for 'L' and 'T' can sometimes be 'S'). Hence the Shekelesh (thought maybe to be Sicilians) is actually from Egyptian T.K.R. (if memory serves). The Greeks remembered Troy but have nothing to say about the Sea Peoples or a Dark Age, which occured right at the same time. The Bible only says that Arameans became prominent at this time (corroborated by their diminishing the Middle Assyrian Empire) and that the Philistines gathered a multi-national force (as did one or two other local enemies of Israel). At this period mythology bordered on the advent of writing and widespread literacy (c. 1050 - 850 B.C.). It's strange that such a major event as the Late Bronze Age collapse/Dark Age and the Sea Peoples are completely absent from mythology and early contemporary records and history. REALLY strange.
Augustson Seventy if you have gone would you shoot me a link to it here if it’s online? I’m always interested in reading different viewpoints on the subject and who knows ;) we could have a potential guest!
completely absent is a rather broad claim given the low probability of the survival of ancient records. Some people tend to think absence in written record = non-existent when they really don't understand how much we have lost to time or have yet to discover.
I don't think they are absent from mythology. I think homer describes the beginning of the bronze age collapse. In the Illiad the Mycenaean coalition is conquering pillaging and burning all over the Mediterranean while laying seige to troy. They even describe rading Egypt.
Not just interesting, downright fascinatingly astounding! Keep up the great work. His accent was a bit hard combined with unfamiliar names, perhaps an overlay of some of the spelling of these races and places could help(or perhaps in the description).
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I would like to start an in depth conversation about chariot combat. First, chariortiers were highly mobile, like mechanized infantry of today. This means they could avoid engagement until they sought confrontation. They could skirmish at will and re-engaged as it suited them. If the sea peoples were on foot it means they were extremely vulnerable to this time tested and true combat tactic. Second, this was the bronze age, meaning chariotiers would be protected with bronze armor, which had been completely effective in securing their protection from foot soldier combat temporally up until contact with the sea people. In short, my inquiry is how the sea people countered the chariot combat so well, which nobody had been successful at until then. Its not like nobody had tried before them. Furthermore as the Doctor states is that that the sea people were mariners first, land combat was not their expertise. Did they revolutionize military doctrine? Did they have iron slugs for slingers? If so how did they field and mobilize such highly skilled infantry in strategic deployment? Maybe a combination of both of these. Moreover is how they got the chariotiers to stay engaged once they realized their tactics had been compromised. Mobility in combat it king, a trump card which all of a sudden turns up ineffective as soon as the sea peoples arrive. That is some kind of strange if you ask me!!!
King David See the work by Dr Drews of Vanderbilt; he emphasized military tech as an advantage. My best guess, and it is only that, is they killed the horses, thus nullifying or reducing their effectiveness.
@Bob - I recall seeing it mentioned in a doc or college lecture years ago. It's probably not much of a leap regarding the Sea Peoples bringing iron age weapons (i.e. steel) with them because the eastern med nations had been using bronze for a long time. Then, all of a sudden, the Philistines (the 'Peleset' of the Sea Peoples) take their slice of land and are mentioned as having iron arms. That might also suggest the Sea Peoples' invasion may have introduced the Iron Age to the Eastern Med. Arms races, after all, tend to create widespread leaps in technology.
Iron is one thing, steel is another and came later. Early iron was inferior to well made bronze. Iron was readily available, but used much fuel. I've read on this topic, The Collapse, for over 16 years and still feel thick as a brick on the topic.
I was watching the Star Trek TNG episode about the Iconians the other day, when it hit me. The Iconians are basically the Space Sea People, blew my mind lol
@@PMMagro it was more like the Israelites had not yet acquired the metal working skills they needed to work iron. They had iron farming tools but took them to Philistine blacksmiths for sharpening.
@@carmenfernandez5396 This is the official point of view. How then are they related to the former minoan thalasocracy? Minoans also worship the Mother Godess, sacrificed young people, the minoan script havily influenced the phoenicians' alphabet, they also dye their clothes in purple, etc. Plus, it is well known that philistines come from Caphtor and share some common territories with Phoenicia.
@@carmenfernandez5396 You should know I trully apreciate you experience and effort you made to correct my opinions. I am indebt to Hegel, maybe, for a revolute way of imaging history. I am an idealist who sees in the pirate ship mast the canaanite tree godess Asherah, worshiped by dozens of ancient phoenician mariners in different ways... I don't believe in absolute truth or good especially in social sciences, and for no reason I could accept that the past is lost forever. Because I simply know that the trojan horse was merely a small ship with offers to the gods, that the huns where mainly an indo-iranian people preeceded by scythians and followed by slavic peoples, that there is no one greek people but only one koine lingua franca and the most 'greek' philosophers were born in Asia Minor (being in fact lydians thus being living remnants of the luvian civilization) or Itally. I know too many such things to keep my mouth shut, this is my problem!
Very interesting guest. More Celts please. My interest in the Celtic peoples began when I first stumbled across the Celtic exhibit at the Neues Museum (Berlin) and then, a week later, found myself in Hallstatt.
Congratulations for this channel, it's awesome! I have a question, for those who are familiar with Mycenaean culture and language. There were two social groups in Mycenaean society that were called "equeta" and "tereta", probably part of the aristocracy. I cannot help but notice the similarity with two names of the Sea Peoples: "Ekwesh" and "Teresh". Is there any link? Is it possible that those "peoples" were actually disenfranchised members of the palacial aristocracy that turned to piracy, or something like that?
Thanks for commenting Stefano and for enjoying the channel! These questions are brilliant and as a novice I agree with you but the Doctors I interview would be more qualified to handle this question. You make great points, if we look at Celtic tribal names many of them seem to rhyme as well but then we have the question as to whether or not they called themselves these names of if they were merely called these terms because that is what the "civilized world" thought they were called or wanted to call them. I ask myself the same question when looking at the Sea Peoples and that is if they called themselves these terms of if the Egyptians for example created them. But like I said, I am just a novice.
@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 Thank you for your answer, Nick and thank you so much for what you are doing. Your channel is a goldmine of great insights for anybody interested in Ancient History... I can't sto watching them! Your guests are always great!
There is a cool mod for civ 5 to play as the sea peoples. There special ability is that when they Capture a capital they get a huge culture boost and a social policy. They get the Palastine warrior and the sherden warrior, they both ignore sea movement coast when going to sail or when land on shore. They are a early war-like play style classical domination
Do you have any videos of the celts? I coouldn't find any, but I'd love to hear all that you've learned about the celts. It would be great to have Barry Cuneliff in a live interview like this. The live interview adds a nice touch.
From my understanding, but I am not saying I am 100% correct, so let me know what you think: Regarding the Minoan language: The oldest language was a pictographic writing system developed around 2000 BCE known as the Cretan hieroglyphs. Another group of signs was identified as Linear A, developed around 1700 BCE. While Cretan hieroglyphs have a pictorial appearance, Linear A has a linear appearance. It has been speculated that both Cretan hieroglyphs and Linear A represent the same language. Minoan civilization had trade contacts with the advanced Middle Eastern civilizations, with Egypt being the most influential. It is likely that the earliest Minoan writing (Cretan hieroglyphs) was modelled after the Middle Kingdom Egyptian hieroglyphs. Although superficially indeed similar to Egyptian symbols, Cretan Hieroglyphs are clearly distinct in both form and phonetic value. Yet the biggest difference lies in the underlying system itself. Egyptian Hieroglyphs are part of a complex writing system, where most signs have more than one possible reading, dependent on context (similarly to the Japanese Kanji characters). Signs could have both a phonetic (single consonant or syllable) value or an ideogrammatic (word) reading, but could even be utilized as phonetic complements or logograms (a written character that represents a word or phrase, like in Chinese), “reinforcing” the reading of words they were attached to. As many of these duplicities could only be interpreted by a native speaker of Old Egyptian, this system was very difficult to utilize for speakers of foreign languages. Also, the Egyptian system had over 800 different signs, which is an extremely large inventory of symbols compared to Cretan Hieroglyphs (roughly 85 or so different signs are known). Linear A signs identified ranges from 77 to 85 according to different scholars, suggesting that this was a syllabic writing system. Minoan scribes might have took the concept of writing from Egypt, creating their own signs and simplifying the system so that it became almost fully phonetic. Such a low number of individual characters is uncharacteristic of the complex writing systems of the ancient Near East, but it is fully compatible with a simple syllabary (reminiscent of the modern Japanese Hiragana or Katakana writing). Thus, some assume that Cretan Hieroglyphs, similarly to all later Aegean writing systems, were already syllabic in nature. Other scholars see Semitic influences / a relationship to Mesopotamian writings in the Minoan language, but these depend solely on Semitic loanwords, such as “sesame”, a word that appears in both Linear A and B (and also in ENGLISH). One thing is clear: After the rebuilding of the palatial complexes on Crete (with the advent of the so-called “New Palace Period”) the Hieroglyphic script fell out of regular use. A new script has taken its place, called Linear A. The relationship of Linear A and Hieroglyphics is probably comparable to the relation between Egyptian Hieroglyphic and Hieratic/Demotic script. Current available evidence suggests that the underlying system remained essentially the same; it is the shape of signs that suffered profound change due to graphical simplification. Linear A was used much more extensively than Hieroglyphs. Hundreds of clay tablets, inscribed vessels, statues, altarstones and even jewelery testifies its daily use. The triumph of Linear A is also striking in a geographical sense: Wherever Cretan traders went, Linear A followed. Perhaps due to the simplicity of the syllabary, it quickly spread to other regions surrounding Crete. While regularly used on many Aegean islands, sporadic finds suggest that it also reached the Greek mainland as well as the island of Cyprus and the Syrian coast.
Hence the Linear B , wich represents an early form of Greek . About Linear A though , scholars are not sure if it was used to express one , or more languages spoken on the island of Crete.
How interesting! Connections between Sardinia and Israel have been recently found. Sort of Sardinians building have been excavated in northern Israel, and same buildings (nuraghe) do exist even in Scotland. Amazing how ancient people were travelling all over the places
Seth Fleischman has some great lectures on this on his channel! (World History By a Jew) he compares a lot of Art, pottery, those round stone houses with keystones, etc. really interesting!
Wow! Mind blowing 🤯 info on Philistines and Iron prohibition...excellent interview/guest! BTW his voice with eyes closed stirs up memories Boris Badinoff/Bullwinkle? No disrespect 😁🙏thx again!
That is a really good question. If, as seems to be a common trope, we see the Eastern Med as some kind of analog/precursor to our current connected world, how did central Europe tie in, if at all. I seem to remember reading about Amber as a trade item in a very few places but I may be wrong. What is the archeology of central Europe at this time?
I have done some casual reading on this. I cannot remember the source, but apparently there is considerable archaeological evidence of early syncretistic religion that combined Yahweh worship with either Canaanite or Philistine religion (or both).
At 26:00 the host says the boats were influenced by "unfield europe". That was my understanding. Can anyone, please , explain if that expression is correct and what it was meant by this expression?
The first image in this video that showed three male figures (presumably depictions of the sea peoples) was really telling to me from a cranial morphological standpoint. Most people overlook the precise details in ancient carvings. I also thought that Italians were the descendants of the fall of Troy after the bronze age collapse who colonized Italy and not related to the Celts in terms of the Urnfield culture. It's good to hear new learnings and opinions.
Just subbed dbl thumbs 👍 up! Fascinating well thought out topics questions 😀 just learned the iron and Phillistines sp. ? And iron - lots of info I can listen several times to gather all of the valuable tidbits!! Love it! Indeed priceless Rockstars- in my book.. Thank u !
At 25:58 - exactly what term is he using? I can make out the name European, but not the term that precedes it. Also, my interest is in the Pelasgians, who were driven westward from Greece, then also from Italy as well. What was their relationship with the Myceneans? were they non-Dorian Greeks who formed a helot class? Also the Tyrrhenians. where did their migration start from and who were they related to?
I thought tradition has it that the Etruscans come from the Sons of Aneas-Trojan refugees from the Trojan war, roughly the same time period as the sea people.
My question is whether the sea people were predominantly iron bearing people? Because if that’s the case, that would account for their secret to success without knowing anything about the laws of attraction. And then the other questions that begs to be answered, is whether the Dorians are contemporaneous with these sea peoples. Were they iron-bearing? was this a matter of northern Iron coming down upon and handily defeating southern bronze? Like somebody got the idea it into his head like “I know what we can do. Now that we have iron, what do you say we head on down to the Mediterranean? Because that would be a nifty distinction and easy to remember.
@16:30 Actually the Jews had armor, and Saul's was offered to David to use, but David said it was too big, didnt fit. Interestingly they didnt look for a set that fit. It could be Saul had one of the only sets.
So the Sea Peoples post date the Hyksos? So once the tech to build long trek ships came (with advanch in metals) the Viking plunder practice takes off.
My thoughts? Absolutely amazing/fascinating!!!!Love how he pulls out the dates and names from memory.This series you intend to do with all these historians is going to be downright phenomenal!!!!Can't wait for more.Its such a help as I for one am totally obsessed with this era.....but don't really know who and what works to study/investigate.....this will be very very helpful.....so can't thank you enough.Personally my curiosity centers to a degree on why.....which I think was touched upon a bit.....anyways thanks in no small measure for your awesome work and sharing it.
One problem with this theory, at the time there was an almost international/global trade aspect to the bronze age civilizations, yet the sea people invaders were unknown to the great empires of the time. It is implausible that they were native to the mediterranean region , not impossible, but highly unlikely.
Were the Sea Peoples traders? What goods did they trade? What made their ships better? Who controlled the materials needed to make metal weapons in the empires? Did the Sea Peoples mainly use hit and run tactics, similar to the later Vikings?
The key question which remains to be resolved is what was the impetus for the movement of these various diverse groups. You will recall that during Julius Caesar campaigns, a similar massive movement of peoples from the Denmark region moved southward and circled around central western Europe. The Romans battled them and although significantly reduced by Roman slaughter, they finished settlingup on the Iberian Peninsula. It is thus highly probable that weather conditions, sea level rises, hunger and pressure from
other more powerful population groups forced them to move. You may agree that the strange high level of total destruction was evident which counters the notion that the Sea people were trying to settle in the areas occupied by the Bronze Age cultures. It might point to the fact that they were raiders looking booty, but where did they go subsequently
Is there any archeological evidence of the Philistine's monopoly on iron in the Levant? I think the earliest iron objects found in Philistia are of Iron Age IIB. What do the experts say?
Regarding the sea people also including Urnfeld cultures - Marija Gimbutas mentions this in her book "Bronze age cultures in central and Eastern Europe" written in 1965.
For everyone who's wondering, because no question is a stupid question, history requires the invention of writing, since history is the study of documents and inscriptions. Therefore, "pre-history" or "proto-history" refers to the entire period of the human past before we had writing, so roughly 3500 BCE and before. Pre-history would be the lengthy period of human existence before writing, proto-history refers to the period in and around the invention of writing, so shortly before. Okeeee
This was a great video! This too is one of my favorite mysteries in history, the Sea Peoples! The only thing I wonder though is where the Philistines(Peleset) came from exactly? Were they from the ancient Phelasgians? Who knows? But this video was still kool!
Do you know of any research on any effect of volcanic activities in Europe that has happened before the sea people coming in to the picture.. i mean perhaps they experienced it in the past and where aware of the devastating results of a volcanic eruption thats why they decided to group together and move away to a better land they already knew was fertile and safer where they felt it could happen again? Whats your thoughts on this?
Those the came by sea were Greeks. Not only that, but we know the name of one of them: Odysseus. He described the failed raid on Egypt in Odyssey. „But my comrades, yielding to wantonness, and led on by their own might, straightway set about wasting the fair fields of the men of Egypt; and they carried off the women and little children, and slew the men; and the cry came quickly to the city. Then, hearing the shouting, the people came forth at break of day, and the whole plain was filled with footmen, and chariots and the flashing of bronze. But Zeus who hurls the thunderbolt cast an evil panic upon my comrades, and none had the courage to hold his ground and face the foe; for evil surrounded us on every side. So then they slew many of us with the sharp bronze, and others they led up to their city alive, to work for them perforce.”
Philistines are related to pelsets who are Greek pirates from the southern part of Crete I watched an episode on Minoans where mr nick barksdale discusses with a known anthropologist and historian dr Louise hitchcock on his channel on how the Minoans feared pirates living on the southeastern island of Crete.
I already knew that the Israelites didn't have iron weapons in this time period with the Philistines dominating them. Also the account of King David V Goliath encapsulates the situation of an iron clad giant, with all the technological, weaponry advances of the day, vs a small boy with a stick and a slingshot.
I think there must’ve been a cataclysm that displaced large coastal/island communities; the valleys in the south of Sardinia, and the ruins there, show evidence of inundation from the seas coming well inland. Around 8000 years ago, Etna suffered a collapse that sent its eastern slope into the Mediterranean; the waves ran up ove 50 feet all through southern Italy and the western coasts of Greece. Something similar could’ve occurred, I think...
Homer's Trojan War happened before 1250 BCE without the Greeks seizing Troy, just as the Iliad describes. It was inconclusive and the Greeks went home when strife in their homelands demanded it. (This is the story of the Odyssey) Troy's walls were destroyed by earthquake some time later, maybe 1 generation. (A horse is the symbol of Poseidon, god of earthquakes.) However, the war with the Hittites and the raids of the Sea People were around 1190 BCE, a good 50-60 years after the Trojan War. I believe the Luwians allied with the Greeks at this time, to liberate Cyprus from Hittite control and attack their allies, the Egyptians. This explains the spread of tribes mentioned by the Egyptians. It also explains why so many Greeks were living on the Luwian coast by the end of dark age: Because the Luwians and the Ionians Greeks were ultimately allies. It also explains why the Iliad includes both Luwian and Greek hero songs: Because during the sea raids, those bards were in the same camp, and so fused their songs together (long before Homer).
I also didn't know that iron was forbidden to be used by the jews. Never heard that important detail before. Iron was basically the ancient equivalent of nuclear weapons.
Just for reference for interested viewers, the passage is in I Samuel 13:19-22 19Now no blacksmith could be found in all the land of Israel, for the Philistines said, “Otherwise the Hebrews will make swords or spears.” 20So all Israel went down to the Philistines, each to sharpen his plowshare, his mattock, his axe, and his hoe.21The charge was two-thirds of a shekel for the plowshares, the mattocks, the forks, and the axes, and to fix the hoes. 22So it came about on the day of battle that neither sword nor spear was found in the hands of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan, but they were found with Saul and his son Jonathan.
@@philiprenne9874 I think the cause why so many people don't know this might be the phrasing in the Bible. It makes it sometimes hard to really understand what's happening. It's very "old school" English.
@@johnsamu i remembered once i read the passage that i had come across it before, but my eyes had pretty much glazed across XD i DO however seem to recall having the understanding, though i do not remember LEARNING that the jews were not allowed iron implements. That said, similar happened here in Britain with the Romans, Jutes/Saxons and again later with the Normans, so maybe i assumed thats what always happens
I am Ingush. We live in Northern Caucasus and call ourself Galgai. Also known as: Colchis Gargareans Kisti Kusti Qalqans/Kalkans/calcans Halka Gligvi Dzurdzuks Gelians Lamoor Loamaro Ingushians Jeirahoi Targimhoi Hamhoi / Hamehi Aegians We are real Caucasians not like many other people living in Caucasus now who migrated here recently. We have mountain village called Djeirah, which might be ancient Jericho. Our main DNA Haplogroup is J2a1b (about 80% of population). Just as Arabs and Jews. I personally believe that Arabs and Jews are coming from us through Ibrahim as. We are the people of towers just like ancient Chaldeans. Even today the swastika is our national symbol and a part of official Ingushian Republic flag. Interesting thing is that in our ancient Ingush language we have a word “Charh” for the wheel.
I find very interesting the claim about the origin in modern day Turkey of the Etruscans (that claim is as old as Herodotus) but since they spoke a non Anatolian language. How did they arrive to Anatolia?
@@Phaedon53 What is obsolete? The hypothesis of the Eastern Mediterranean origin of the Etruscans? Of course I don't know if that's true, simply I was surprised when I heard that claim to Woudhiizen
@@CanalCursoMLearning The Turkish origins theory is obsolete. And Herodotus never wrote such thing. How could he ? The were no Turks there till almost 2000 years later. If there were Turks anywhere at all.
@@Phaedon53 I never mentioned the Turks, but Herodotus definetely claimed the origin of the Etruscans was in Lydia (modern day Turkey) and Woudhuizen thinks the same (I know other claim a local origin of the Etruscans in Italy, but Woudhuizen doesn't)
In addition to the Sardinian and Philistine Sea Peoples settlements in Caanan, the ancient Greek Mycenaeans, aka the DANaoi/DANoi people also settled in Northern Caanan and were later known as the Hebrew tribe of Dan.
before Bronze age collapse, did Phoenicians ship to areas beyond Greece in Mediterranean sea? from which sea peoples could hijack and use ships for assault on eastern Mediterranean areas of Greece, Asia Minor, Levant and Egypt?
Pale faces get this, the sea people were of black stock, and the so-called Israelites which were black people called Hebrew. These two pale faces set up here and lie. Especially this white Jew boy with this European dialect
Why were iron weapons forbidden? I also remember something about other things like engravings or something forbidden to be made with iron tools. What was wrong with iron?
it was the super weapon of its day before it became widely known. The Hittites kept the the making of iron a close guard secret. It not only made for stronger weapons but the tools gave a culture a distinctive material advantage on many levels like agriculture and sailing.
Interesting but I have some qualms especially the identity of two of the three (or four) "Italian" nations: I applauded when he said that the Weshesh are probably Ausonians but then got very perplex when he conflates them with the Indoeuropean Oscans (who lived much further north and inland). The Ausonians were pre-Indoeuropean and are known to have pillaged Greece (piracy). As for the Shekelesh, they are surely related to Sicily but as destination and not origin: their origin is probably Semitic from Syria or Canaan because they are reported as circumcised. The name Shekelesh also suggests a Semitic mercenary meaning to them, because shekel is a very ancient Canaanite weight unit and coin (much like our pound but smaller). There's another reason: Sicily is very anomalous in terms genetic in Europe, tending extremely towards Syria-Lebanon, more than Greece, this IMO can only be explained if people from that origin settled there and the LBA (or earliest Iron Age) is the perfect window for that to happen. That window also has, it seems, another "Sea People" arriving to Italy: the Teresh (Tyrsenians, Etruscans, Tauresoi, surely Arzawans, who were only shallowly "Luwianized"), so my take is that these two nations actually migrated to Italy AFTER the 1178-75 main Sea Peoples' wave (led by Greeks = Denesh = Danaoi), either invited by the Sherden and Weshesh as aid against the Indoeuropeans (Italics) or opportunistically, maybe even in the side of the Indoeuropean invaders (or a complex combo of both). And of course I strongly disagree with conflating Arzawans and Luwians, Luwians and Hittites were basically the same thing: Indoeuropeans conquering the region from the Upper Euphrates area (derived from Kura-Araxes culture). Luwian was an important language in the Hittite Empire (along with Nesili=Hittite and pre-Indoeuropean Hattic) and was surely a lingua franca in the region, the occasional scattered presence of Luwian North and West of Lukka has that explanation (for example there's a seal in Troy written in Luwian but absolutely not made in Troy, but imported). Arzawans and Trojans were not Indoeuropean, they were proto-Etruscan, Tyrsenian, Teresh, "Rasnal" in their own language.
You need to take into account the environmental changes and shifts, and a rise in the vulcanism and seismic activities in the Mediterranean at the time. One of the primary giveaways that the Sea Peoples were not semitic speaking Peoples is the translations of the personal and place names found in the areas of the Philistine City States, and the archeological record's DNA studies of the pig bones found in the middens. When groups of Peoples move, they tend to take their foods with them, and the "Philistines" brought their european breeds of pig with them. All Semitic Peoples have two historical/cultural commonalities in common. 1) They all circumcise their males, and they all practiced child sacrifice. There is no evidence from any record that the Philistines had these customs. The Phoenicians were Semitic, their language was so close to Hebrew that both being Canaanitic Peoples were mutually comprehensible to each other. By the time that one Hebrew Group had become Jews, (post return to the Levant, post the Egyptian sojourn), the Jews tended to live in the Hill Country of Judea/Samaria, the Philistines lived in rhe Gaza and slightly north...then there was the frontier areas between the two. gath.wordpress.com/about/project-overview/
@@maracohen5930 - I know most were non-Semitic but "Israel" is mentioned (at least according to many) among the first Sea Peoples' wave (or "Nine Bows", led by the Hittites, c. 1208 BCE, >> en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneptah_Stele ) and the repeatedly mentioned Shekelesh do seem Semitic, not just in their name, that seems derived from "shekel" but in the fact that they are recorded as circumcised, something only Semites and Egyptians practiced, at least north of the First Cataract. The Sherden are also reported as circumcised but they had been living among Egyptians and Canaanites for a century already as "Varangian Guard" of sorts, all the others were uncircumcised, including the Berbers (Libu and Meswesh). So IMO the Shekelesh were either Canaanites or other Semites or were also strongly assimilated into Canaanite/Semitic culture. Their name suggests they were mercenaries but maybe it refers to trade or has a meaning like "Viking" of "raider", unsure.
5 лет назад
@@maracohen5930 Shekelesh,.. I think a region in north/east Turkey has a cognate, Ashkenaz. It is the region where the Yiddish language originates. Is Yiddish a Semitic language with an Anatolian substrate?
@ No, actually Yiddish is a Germanic Language, written in Hebrew Characters that originated in Europe, long after the Roman Legions conquered Judea, and then took the Elites so they couldn't lead another rebellion against Roman rule into Europe as Slaves of the Legions. Which is why Jews were scattered all over Europe in the Roman Provinces of Germania, Italia, Gallia (Gaul), Hispania, and Britannia. Having a literate, educated Mediterranean/Levantine People under absolute control of the Provincial Roman upper classes was extremely useful for both the Legion Administrations and the Provincial Rulers. Which is one of the big reasons that even when manumitted, Jews were not allowed to return to their homeland. The Roman Catholic Church, as a mirror image of Roman Imperial rule used the Jews as the explanation to the Pagans they were converting for the death of their god. Wouldn't do for the literal minded Pagan Converts to think that the Romans had killed their own god, now would it? The RCC simply continued to provide abuse and mistreatment of this captive population and institutionalize same into European Cultures, and it is obvious to this day. European Aristocracy benefited themselves by having a literate, educated population outside of the Feudal relationship matrixes under their absolute control. And drumming up fake allegations against the Jewish communities so burdened, and getting the peasants drunk and mobbing was not only an excellent is bloody outlat for their butt hurt about being a european Feudal peasant (not a very pleasant thing to be) a good purge, relieved a lot of nasty feelings about the status quo. Just left a lot of dead Jews, and a further skills impoverished Euro aristocrat. A good way to eff up your rival's estates economies. The DNA genomic trail of the european diaspora of Jews demonstrates the mass of Ashkie ancestors having entered through Italy, again. Slaves of the Roman Legions. And until Constantine, the Celt population, which was the primary population of Europe, having migrated into Europe from the late Bronze Age on from north of the Black Sea, were the converted to Judaism wives of those manumitted Jews not allowed to return to their Homelands, as only some of the maternal DNA demonstrated in that population is Levantine, but all the male is,, as well as the Germanic Tribals contribution. That ended when Christianity became the State Religion of the Roman Empire. And then Jew Hate was institutionalized in European Cultures. Ladino, another such Language is based in the Hispanic/Latin languages.
5 лет назад
@@maracohen5930 As I skim over your words I realize that there is meaning to each and every one. I am not used to reading such thoughtful words. I will have to re-read your comment several times when I am settled and focused to capture the full depth of your comment. Thank you Mara.
None known. Biblical history can very rarely be corroborated with anything outside of the Biblical sources themselves. The Danoi could easily be completely unrelated to the tribe of Dan.
The pheoniecians in all probability consisted of people from the tribe of Dan. These people later became Vikings. The rest of Europe makes up the rest of Isreal. Isaac=Saac Son of Isaac= Isaacson Son of Saac= Saacson Saacson = Saxon
This is the third time I've watched this interview and the more I've learnt about the period the more fascinating this interview has become to me.
That drum in the beginning got me so hyped up that I kinda wanted to go and sack Egypt with a bunch of my aquatic warriors. 😂
My hubby keeps rewinding back to the drums so it takes forever to get to the pgm lol
Bro, I'm totally in. I've got some hopalyte armor and a sword my grandfather used to behead a dwarf (so it's enchanted) lemme know when we roll.
Subbed
Or go safari hunting with some giant caliber break barrel single-shot rifle and the little jumpsuit with shorts black boots and safari hat and a skinny Ethiopian guide named Mbala
@@mikemurphy5898 that wasn't a dwarf... And Gary Coleman will haunt you forever now
**knock, knock**
"Who's there?"
"Sea people."
"Sea people who?"
"See people die as we sack your cities!"
I would have sodomised and then killed with boiling tar any Sea people warrior I got my hands on.
the Sea People's whom are those warriors that was a configuration of tribes that where off the cost of ashdod or maybe they made there ship's from the cedar of lebanon . look at the cost line look at Israel maybe the tribes of israel
Well they we're coloners from Italic peninsula so a bunch of girls that look like Valentina Nappi moving next door don't seem so horrid.
hahaha!
4 people don't understand "knock, knock" jokes.
@@adamrodaway1074 ha ha see people die when the sea people are around.
What are your thoughts on this episode which touches on a variety of topics relating to the Sea Peoples and especially their ethnicity? Special thanks to Dr. Woudhuizen for taking the time to talk with us, we will be having on in the future along with many others to discuss the subjects that they love!
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I have been waiting for this. Not gonna bullshit you. You wouldn't happen to know the ethno-linguistic group the Luwians belonged to do you?
Thank you for bringig this incredible scholar to us, love the topic, I've been dying to know info on this subject gor a long time.
Lots of interesting tidbits that really add more texture to the whole context of what was going on during that period and other periods. Probably have to rewatch it 2 or 3 times. Some nice gems of information. I am a huge fan of "context" and you guys touch upon a good bit of different subjects. The area of presentation where I found my mind sorta trying to piece things together was the concept of Italic people occupying central and eastern Europe and also the Italian area. Then them being pushed down into just Italy proper by the Celts/Gauls.etc ... I was imaging how Rome itself was a reactionary expansion of italic people pushing back against the Celts/Gauls there. But then there is the whole Etruscan side of things, them being a colony from the Western Annantolia area. Basically, the Etruscans possibly helping the Italic get technologically advanced enough to be not only able to fight back against the Gauls/celts but to eventually beat them so bad to make them virtually militarily extinct from mainland Europe. (Germanic tribes obv. coming down from the north and maybe the east also had success against the Gauls/Celts, and who the hell knows who else pressured them from the east, Scythians/Sarmatians etc... lol)
Very interesting; modern palestinian DNA shows evidence of Cretian migration, the sea peoples... this is fascinating.
The connection with the phoenicians and their maritime empire is an incredible insight. Phoenician and hebrew is essentially the same language, so sea peoples to palestine>interact with locals, adopt language, and extend their seafaring knowledge which leads to a reverse migration later on. Amazing
Always love it when an academic says "Of course I studied Luvian."
What timing. I'm reading his paper with the same title right now. Can't wait to listen.
Let me know your thoughts! We had technical difficulties and had to wing it but I was excited and pleased nonetheless. Similar episodes coming!
Great to hear Dr. fred Woudhuizen .. would love to hear more from him. His books are quite expensive and not yet filtered into the mainstream, so well done and thank you for bringing him in and giving out the link to his paper on the sea peoples.i just downloaded the pdf and look forwards to reading through it.
He died of leukaemia aged 62 in 2021
One of the bestest history channels!
I found this fascinating especially comments linking Sea Peoples to Central Europe. Also liked the discussion possibly linking Sea Peoples with Philistines. I've heard suggestions in the past related to Phoenicians. Very impressed with Dr. Woudhuizen's presentation.
Thank you. I liked and subscribed.
The Phoenicians were traders. My bets on Philistines-canaanites-khazars.
@@edstar83 Phoenicians were Bania from western india. Bani is a cognate of proto-indo-european word Vanijya and it literally means trade and commerce. Bania literally means trader. Spread of the western indian lineage of black rats via trader ships through europe has confirmed these events.
A profoundly interesting topic, and my thanks to the professor. I wonder how this coalition of at least nine diverse ethnicities came together and functioned during their tour of the Eastern Med. As I read the Egyptian accounts, it sounds like Rameses managed to drive a wedge between them, for example the "settling" of some in a couple of different places. Certainly we are left with a picture of very complex realtionships on all sides at the time of the collapse.
From what I can source on wiki, he
certainly doesn't hold a professor's seat anywhere and hasn't impressed a book publisher enough to commit his ideas to print.
Sounds a bit dodgy to me.
@@michaelbedford8017 he’s an independent researcher, and has been on a number of dig teams. He’s had papers published in journals. Just because he’s not a professor doesn’t mean he’s not credible.
Excellent discussion. But the elephant in the room that was only briefly touched upon, if at all, in the discussion: What prompted the "Sea Peoples" desperate all-out-attack-plus-migration south and east?
electric universe?
@@FlyingAxblade_D20 Excellent. Thanks.
They speculate that it was climate change, famine and warfare that drove the Sea People to attack these Bronze Age kingdoms. They touched on it briefly when they discussed the Urn-field proto-Celtic people pushing south into Northern Italy as one possible reason for the migration of one group of the Sea People. The truth is no one really knows for certain and scholars are trying to piece together a hypothesis from the few historical documents they have available and the archeological evidence from that period.
As far as I understand the Bronze Age collapse, it was preceded by the eruption of Thera/Santorini. It smashed the Minoans, especially her seapower. In the power vacuüm that emerged, many nations started raiding the coastlines of the Eastern Mediterranean. Many nations collapsed under the onslaught of the seapeople, Egypt was the last to face them, she had time to prepare and survived but barely. The collapse of her trading empire led to Egypt's decline, she never recovered. Woudhuizen's knowledge on the subject is profound.
The eruption at santorini was over a hundred years before minoas collape and settlement by Myceneans
@@sagebalsys7390 yes, this was long thought to be the case but more recent geological studies and a better understanding of ancient texts agree on the fact that ashfall contaminating the fresh water supplies, devastating agriculture, leveling infrastructure and the tsunamis took out the ports and fleet as most ports are on the northern coast of Crete coincided with the eruption. Thera is only about 80 km away from Crete and a vei eruption now thought to be clser to a 7 rather than an 6 could easily have achieved it.
The power vacuum left by the collapse of the Minoans is not enough to explain the migration of “The Sea People” into Egypt, Anatolia, Syria, and the Levant. Scholars have hypothesized that there must have been famine due to unfavorable weather patterns and warfare that drove those people from their home lands in search of resources and suitable places to settle.
Fantastic! Such a great channel. Big ups, Nick.
I so much wish you also had a full on interview on all the different “Luwian” people’s, the Caunians, the Carians, the Lycians, it’s all quite remarkable... I want to know if the Minoans spoke a language related to Luwian languages or not too...
I believe their is evidence in place names for Luwian migration into Britain.
There is another video in this series where someone talks about the decipherment of Minoan Linear A from a Hungarian professor. I would look up that one to answer your question about the Minoan language.
No they did not speak a related language to the Minoans. Luwian language was indo European while minoan is a language isolate as far as we know but we know very little on the minoan language because Linear A still hasn’t been deciphered. To me though I personally think the minoans were related to the Etruscans.
@@meep3035 well if that the set height of the bar then I'd toss the so-called Sumerians into the mix as being their ancestors.
Love the musical prologue. 💖😎
Great seeing Nick getting as excited as me, hearing this stuff!
Urnfield boats would surely be for lakes and rivers in central europe, not suitable for crossing the Med?
The southern reaches of the Urnfield cultural zone extended to the Croatian coastline by the late Bronze age. The late Bronze age Eastern Med was characterized by its far-flung trading networks, extending from Cornwall to Afghanistan, if indirectly. The southern Urnfield peoples would doubtless have been in contact with Phoenician, Greek, and Anatolian sea merchants, whose ship-building techniques and technolohies were nearly identical. It seems nobody was keeping any secrets in that particular sphere. It would not be out ofthe the question that ship building ideas might have been swapped between Urnfield shipsmiths and these folks. Of course, this is just speculation on my part.
The elephant in the room that wasn't touched upon in the discussion: What prompted the "Sea Peoples" desperate all-out-attack-plus-migration south and east?
Viking longboats which are similar could do both. No reason these couldn't.
Viking long boats of course didn’t exist during this period.
@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 Of course they didn't. But they are very similar. The point is if Viking boats could do both, then Sea Peoples could as well. Shelley Wachsmann has written about this. Also, some Sea People settlements, like Tel Tayinat were inland on rivers, so they were using their boats to get there.
Viking boats are not built like boats from the Mediterranean, Vikings boats are build from a different grade of timber.... and use a entirety different process....
they only look similar to untrained eyes...
Hey SAMA. I read an interesting older paper about the so-called "Sea Peoples." It talked about how some of the names (translations) of them have been strongly influenced by preconceived ideas (because certain hieroglyphs in Egyptian have dual potential pronunciation. For example, 'R' can be 'L' because the Egyptians did not have a hieroglyph for 'L' and 'T' can sometimes be 'S'). Hence the Shekelesh (thought maybe to be Sicilians) is actually from Egyptian T.K.R. (if memory serves).
The Greeks remembered Troy but have nothing to say about the Sea Peoples or a Dark Age, which occured right at the same time. The Bible only says that Arameans became prominent at this time (corroborated by their diminishing the Middle Assyrian Empire) and that the Philistines gathered a multi-national force (as did one or two other local enemies of Israel).
At this period mythology bordered on the advent of writing and widespread literacy (c. 1050 - 850 B.C.). It's strange that such a major event as the Late Bronze Age collapse/Dark Age and the Sea Peoples are completely absent from mythology and early contemporary records and history. REALLY strange.
Augustson Seventy if you have gone would you shoot me a link to it here if it’s online? I’m always interested in reading different viewpoints on the subject and who knows ;) we could have a potential guest!
@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 yep this is the link.
www.whowerethephoenicians.com/free-chapters/the-philistines-and-sea-people-not-the-same-entity/
@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 it's an older paper I think the author may have passed away though
completely absent is a rather broad claim given the low probability of the survival of ancient records. Some people tend to think absence in written record = non-existent when they really don't understand how much we have lost to time or have yet to discover.
I don't think they are absent from mythology. I think homer describes the beginning of the bronze age collapse. In the Illiad the Mycenaean coalition is conquering pillaging and burning all over the Mediterranean while laying seige to troy. They even describe rading Egypt.
I’ve been so excited for this!
Then leave already!
shardanette1 haha fixed ;)
@@kanyekubrick5391 Now my comment makes no sense! But glad you fixed it. I'd rather see correct spelling.
Love the intro beats and trumpets lol.
Not just interesting, downright fascinatingly astounding! Keep up the great work. His accent was a bit hard combined with unfamiliar names, perhaps an overlay of some of the spelling of these races and places could help(or perhaps in the description).
*Yes! An overlay would have been divine*
Dutch??
Dutch??
@@marybeavon6580 Yes, very much Dutch ;-)
Thank you very much for the documentary, very insightful....
Great video each minut i learned something
Thanks to the doctor and you
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The Sea Peoples were a purported seafaring confederation that attacked ancient Egypt and other regions of the East Mediterranean prior to and during the Late Bronze Age collapse (1200-900 BCE).
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I would like to start an in depth conversation about chariot combat. First, chariortiers were highly mobile, like mechanized infantry of today. This means they could avoid engagement until they sought confrontation. They could skirmish at will and re-engaged as it suited them. If the sea peoples were on foot it means they were extremely vulnerable to this time tested and true combat tactic. Second, this was the bronze age, meaning chariotiers would be protected with bronze armor, which had been completely effective in securing their protection from foot soldier combat temporally up until contact with the sea people.
In short, my inquiry is how the sea people countered the chariot combat so well, which nobody had been successful at until then. Its not like nobody had tried before them. Furthermore as the Doctor states is that that the sea people were mariners first, land combat was not their expertise.
Did they revolutionize military doctrine? Did they have iron slugs for slingers? If so how did they field and mobilize such highly skilled infantry in strategic deployment? Maybe a combination of both of these. Moreover is how they got the chariotiers to stay engaged once they realized their tactics had been compromised. Mobility in combat it king, a trump card which all of a sudden turns up ineffective as soon as the sea peoples arrive. That is some kind of strange if you ask me!!!
King David See the work by Dr Drews of Vanderbilt; he emphasized military tech as an advantage. My best guess, and it is only that, is they killed the horses, thus nullifying or reducing their effectiveness.
The use of steel in weapons was associated with the Sea Peoples. Early users compared to the bronze-using old nations they invaded at the time.
@Bob - I recall seeing it mentioned in a doc or college lecture years ago. It's probably not much of a leap regarding the Sea Peoples bringing iron age weapons (i.e. steel) with them because the eastern med nations had been using bronze for a long time. Then, all of a sudden, the Philistines (the 'Peleset' of the Sea Peoples) take their slice of land and are mentioned as having iron arms.
That might also suggest the Sea Peoples' invasion may have introduced the Iron Age to the Eastern Med. Arms races, after all, tend to create widespread leaps in technology.
Iron is one thing, steel is another and came later. Early iron was inferior to well made bronze. Iron was readily available, but used much fuel. I've read on this topic, The Collapse, for over 16 years and still feel thick as a brick on the topic.
@Bob Egyptian sources on the "Hyksos" my mane
The Philistine prohibition against the use of iron by the ancient Israelites comes from 1 Samuel 13:19.
I was watching the Star Trek TNG episode about the Iconians the other day, when it hit me. The Iconians are basically the Space Sea People, blew my mind lol
No, the Iconians would be one of or the entire collective civilization that gets wiped out, partially by the Sea Peoples.
Wonderful, love this topic and Professor. 1 Samuel 13:19-22 is the text that speaks of the Philistines prohibiting Israelite use of iron weapons.
Israel was no vassal of Philistines, how could they forbid that?
@@PMMagro it was more like the Israelites had not yet acquired the metal working skills they needed to work iron. They had iron farming tools but took them to Philistine blacksmiths for sharpening.
Holy moly, nick! I just saw you in Forbes. I've been watching you for years brother. It was so awesome to discover that article. Congratulations
Phoenicia bloomed actually, you can’t specialize in Mediterranean history without recognizing Phoenician..
Who isn*t recognising Phoenicians???
Peleset(from Kaphtor?) -> Philistine -> Phoenicians
@@carmenfernandez5396 This is the official point of view. How then are they related to the former minoan thalasocracy? Minoans also worship the Mother Godess, sacrificed young people, the minoan script havily influenced the phoenicians' alphabet, they also dye their clothes in purple, etc. Plus, it is well known that philistines come from Caphtor and share some common territories with Phoenicia.
@@carmenfernandez5396 You should know I trully apreciate you experience and effort you made to correct my opinions. I am indebt to Hegel, maybe, for a revolute way of imaging history. I am an idealist who sees in the pirate ship mast the canaanite tree godess Asherah, worshiped by dozens of ancient phoenician mariners in different ways... I don't believe in absolute truth or good especially in social sciences, and for no reason I could accept that the past is lost forever. Because I simply know that the trojan horse was merely a small ship with offers to the gods, that the huns where mainly an indo-iranian people preeceded by scythians and followed by slavic peoples, that there is no one greek people but only one koine lingua franca and the most 'greek' philosophers were born in Asia Minor (being in fact lydians thus being living remnants of the luvian civilization) or Itally. I know too many such things to keep my mouth shut, this is my problem!
Very interesting guest. More Celts please. My interest in the Celtic peoples began when I first stumbled across the Celtic exhibit at the Neues Museum (Berlin) and then, a week later, found myself in Hallstatt.
The Hallstatt culture is so cool!
Great subject love it
I remeber watching your previous video a few months back, stoked to see if there are new answers
Congratulations for this channel, it's awesome!
I have a question, for those who are familiar with Mycenaean culture and language.
There were two social groups in Mycenaean society that were called "equeta" and "tereta", probably part of the aristocracy.
I cannot help but notice the similarity with two names of the Sea Peoples: "Ekwesh" and "Teresh". Is there any link? Is it possible that those "peoples" were actually disenfranchised members of the palacial aristocracy that turned to piracy, or something like that?
Thanks for commenting Stefano and for enjoying the channel! These questions are brilliant and as a novice I agree with you but the Doctors I interview would be more qualified to handle this question. You make great points, if we look at Celtic tribal names many of them seem to rhyme as well but then we have the question as to whether or not they called themselves these names of if they were merely called these terms because that is what the "civilized world" thought they were called or wanted to call them. I ask myself the same question when looking at the Sea Peoples and that is if they called themselves these terms of if the Egyptians for example created them. But like I said, I am just a novice.
@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 Thank you for your answer, Nick and thank you so much for what you are doing. Your channel is a goldmine of great insights for anybody interested in Ancient History... I can't sto watching them! Your guests are always great!
@@ReDhEnSkY this comment has truly made my day! Thank you! Means the world and I have more guests coming!
Equeta sounds like Equus, horse
@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 Alamania!
There is a cool mod for civ 5 to play as the sea peoples. There special ability is that when they Capture a capital they get a huge culture boost and a social policy. They get the Palastine warrior and the sherden warrior, they both ignore sea movement coast when going to sail or when land on shore. They are a early war-like play style classical domination
Absolutely fascinating - love this subject - great interview! 😝👍
What is the name of the intro music? I want that. Also great video!
ruclips.net/video/FvhV1XJ06dc/видео.html
Looking forward to the Cline talk!
BaltimoresBerzerker I’m doing everything I can to get him on, haha!
The Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages, he’s pushing a new book so there may be a window.
Do you have any videos of the celts? I coouldn't find any, but I'd love to hear all that you've learned about the celts. It would be great to have Barry Cuneliff in a live interview like this. The live interview adds a nice touch.
You mentioned Barry Cuneliff. Have you seen this lecture? ruclips.net/video/G8FM9nMFbfI/видео.html
Alec Payne See Michael Tsarion’s writing and videos. He has a theory that the Ireland was the origin of civilization.
murdered yea. Which technically makes us gods people And disproves the west as edom.
@sciphynuts i had no idea about this! Thankyou, im also intrested in languages n dabble sometimes
Excellent guest.
From my understanding, but I am not saying I am 100% correct, so let me know what you think:
Regarding the Minoan language: The oldest language was a pictographic writing system developed around 2000 BCE known as the Cretan hieroglyphs. Another group of signs was identified as Linear A, developed around 1700 BCE. While Cretan hieroglyphs have a pictorial appearance, Linear A has a linear appearance. It has been speculated that both Cretan hieroglyphs and Linear A represent the same language.
Minoan civilization had trade contacts with the advanced Middle Eastern civilizations, with Egypt being the most influential. It is likely that the earliest Minoan writing (Cretan hieroglyphs) was modelled after the Middle Kingdom Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Although superficially indeed similar to Egyptian symbols, Cretan Hieroglyphs are clearly distinct in both form and phonetic value. Yet the biggest difference lies in the underlying system itself. Egyptian Hieroglyphs are part of a complex writing system, where most signs have more than one possible reading, dependent on context (similarly to the Japanese Kanji characters). Signs could have both a phonetic (single consonant or syllable) value or an ideogrammatic (word) reading, but could even be utilized as phonetic complements or logograms (a written character that represents a word or phrase, like in Chinese), “reinforcing” the reading of words they were attached to. As many of these duplicities could only be interpreted by a native speaker of Old Egyptian, this system was very difficult to utilize for speakers of foreign languages. Also, the Egyptian system had over 800 different signs, which is an extremely large inventory of symbols compared to Cretan Hieroglyphs (roughly 85 or so different signs are known). Linear A signs identified ranges from 77 to 85 according to different scholars, suggesting that this was a syllabic writing system.
Minoan scribes might have took the concept of writing from Egypt, creating their own signs and simplifying the system so that it became almost fully phonetic. Such a low number of individual characters is uncharacteristic of the complex writing systems of the ancient Near East, but it is fully compatible with a simple syllabary (reminiscent of the modern Japanese Hiragana or Katakana writing). Thus, some assume that Cretan Hieroglyphs, similarly to all later Aegean writing systems, were already syllabic in nature.
Other scholars see Semitic influences / a relationship to Mesopotamian writings in the Minoan language, but these depend solely on Semitic loanwords, such as “sesame”, a word that appears in both Linear A and B (and also in ENGLISH).
One thing is clear: After the rebuilding of the palatial complexes on Crete (with the advent of the so-called “New Palace Period”) the Hieroglyphic script fell out of regular use. A new script has taken its place, called Linear A. The relationship of Linear A and Hieroglyphics is probably comparable to the relation between Egyptian Hieroglyphic and Hieratic/Demotic script. Current available evidence suggests that the underlying system remained essentially the same; it is the shape of signs that suffered profound change due to graphical simplification.
Linear A was used much more extensively than Hieroglyphs. Hundreds of clay tablets, inscribed vessels, statues, altarstones and even jewelery testifies its daily use. The triumph of Linear A is also striking in a geographical sense: Wherever Cretan traders went, Linear A followed. Perhaps due to the simplicity of the syllabary, it quickly spread to other regions surrounding Crete. While regularly used on many Aegean islands, sporadic finds suggest that it also reached the Greek mainland as well as the island of Cyprus and the Syrian coast.
Tribe of Dan after getting kicked out of egypt
Hence the Linear B , wich represents an early form of Greek .
About Linear A though , scholars are not sure if it was used to express one , or more languages spoken on the island of Crete.
How interesting! Connections between Sardinia and Israel have been recently found. Sort of Sardinians building have been excavated in northern Israel, and same buildings (nuraghe) do exist even in Scotland. Amazing how ancient people were travelling all over the places
ruclips.net/video/DJyrpFZwH9A/видео.html
Seth Fleischman has some great lectures on this on his channel! (World History By a Jew) he compares a lot of Art, pottery, those round stone houses with keystones, etc. really interesting!
Phoenecians
Really awesome channel. Thanks for doing this and getting down to the real bottom line of what we can know
Our pleasure! And thank you for you kind words of support. They mean the world to me!
Wow! Mind blowing 🤯 info on Philistines and Iron prohibition...excellent interview/guest! BTW his voice with eyes closed stirs up memories Boris Badinoff/Bullwinkle? No disrespect 😁🙏thx again!
That doctor has maybe the coolest sounding last name I've ever heard.
Hold my beer
The more I learn about the late bronze age collapse and the sea peoples, the more I want to know what we going on in Central Europe just prior.
That is a really good question. If, as seems to be a common trope, we see the Eastern Med as some kind of analog/precursor to our current connected world, how did central Europe tie in, if at all. I seem to remember reading about Amber as a trade item in a very few places but I may be wrong. What is the archeology of central Europe at this time?
thanks for this interview..i'm in
Thank you!
I have done some casual reading on this. I cannot remember the source, but apparently there is considerable archaeological evidence of early syncretistic religion that combined Yahweh worship with either Canaanite or Philistine religion (or both).
At 26:00 the host says the boats were influenced by "unfield europe". That was my understanding. Can anyone, please , explain if that expression is correct and what it was meant by this expression?
Urnfield?
No he’s talking about the the “Urnfield culture” of Europe at the time
The first image in this video that showed three male figures (presumably depictions of the sea peoples) was really telling to me from a cranial morphological standpoint. Most people overlook the precise details in ancient carvings. I also thought that Italians were the descendants of the fall of Troy after the bronze age collapse who colonized Italy and not related to the Celts in terms of the Urnfield culture. It's good to hear new learnings and opinions.
Great Guest !
Just subbed dbl thumbs 👍 up! Fascinating well thought out topics questions 😀 just learned the iron and Phillistines sp. ? And iron - lots of info I can listen several times to gather all of the valuable tidbits!! Love it! Indeed priceless Rockstars- in my book.. Thank u !
Fabulous, fascinating, awesome. Why all these adjectives? I keep listening.
Thank you for the history lesson!
At 25:58 - exactly what term is he using? I can make out the name European, but not the term that precedes it.
Also, my interest is in the Pelasgians, who were driven westward from Greece, then also from Italy as well.
What was their relationship with the Myceneans? were they non-Dorian Greeks who formed a helot class?
Also the Tyrrhenians. where did their migration start from and who were they related to?
I thought tradition has it that the Etruscans come from the Sons of Aneas-Trojan refugees from the Trojan war, roughly the same time period as the sea people.
My question is whether the sea people were predominantly iron bearing people? Because if that’s the case, that would account for their secret to success without knowing anything about the laws of attraction. And then the other questions that begs to be answered, is whether the Dorians are contemporaneous with these sea peoples. Were they iron-bearing? was this a matter of northern Iron coming down upon and handily defeating
southern bronze? Like somebody got the idea it into his head like “I know what we can do. Now that we have iron, what do you say we head on down to the Mediterranean? Because that would be a nifty distinction and easy to remember.
Dr Woudhuizen, are you referring to
1 Samuel 13:18 when you say Israelites could not own iron weapons?
@16:30 Actually the Jews had armor, and Saul's was offered to David to use, but David said it was too big, didnt fit. Interestingly they didnt look for a set that fit. It could be Saul had one of the only sets.
Joe Touchette it doesn’t mean that it was made of iron but realistically bronze.
So the Sea Peoples post date the Hyksos? So once the tech to build long trek ships came (with advanch in metals) the Viking plunder practice takes off.
My thoughts? Absolutely amazing/fascinating!!!!Love how he pulls out the dates and names from memory.This series you intend to do with all these historians is going to be downright phenomenal!!!!Can't wait for more.Its such a help as I for one am totally obsessed with this era.....but don't really know who and what works to study/investigate.....this will be very very helpful.....so can't thank you enough.Personally my curiosity centers to a degree on why.....which I think was touched upon a bit.....anyways thanks in no small measure for your awesome work and sharing it.
One problem with this theory, at the time there was an almost international/global trade aspect to the bronze age civilizations, yet the sea people invaders were unknown to the great empires of the time. It is implausible that they were native to the mediterranean region , not impossible, but highly unlikely.
thomas mackey .... the Egyptians named them, with existing names....
Its possible the Egyptians learned of their name after defeating them and asking them?
@@sumlatinkid No. There are Egyptian references to many of these peoples at least a century before combating them.
Were the Sea Peoples traders? What goods did they trade? What made their ships better? Who controlled the materials needed to make metal weapons in the empires? Did the Sea Peoples mainly use hit and run tactics, similar to the later Vikings?
The key question which remains to be resolved is what was the impetus for the movement of these various diverse groups. You will recall that during Julius Caesar campaigns, a similar massive movement of peoples from the Denmark region moved southward and circled around central western Europe. The Romans battled them and although significantly reduced by Roman slaughter, they finished settlingup on the Iberian Peninsula. It is thus highly probable that weather conditions, sea level rises, hunger and pressure from
other more powerful population groups forced them to move. You may agree that the strange high level of total destruction was evident which counters the notion that the Sea people were trying to settle in the areas occupied by the Bronze Age cultures. It might point to the fact that they were raiders looking booty, but where did they go subsequently
Is there any archeological evidence of the Philistine's monopoly on iron in the Levant? I think the earliest iron objects found in Philistia are of Iron Age IIB. What do the experts say?
Nick, what is the music that you used in the introduction?
Thank you for the excellent interview with Dr. Woudhuizen.
Yes, what is the Track Name🎉❤ it too
Regarding the sea people also including Urnfeld cultures - Marija Gimbutas mentions this in her book "Bronze age cultures in central and Eastern Europe" written in 1965.
Fascinating. Here is a question concerning the iron prohibition. Was Ehud’s dagger forged of iron or bronze? ( book of Judges)
Ehud's dagger was actually forged of meteoritic iron made from a star that is now dead, just like your dreams.
I've always thought that sea peoples were the various Outpost, colonies, and merchants that made up the phoneician trade networks that was vast!
For everyone who's wondering, because no question is a stupid question, history requires the invention of writing, since history is the study of documents and inscriptions. Therefore, "pre-history" or "proto-history" refers to the entire period of the human past before we had writing, so roughly 3500 BCE and before. Pre-history would be the lengthy period of human existence before writing, proto-history refers to the period in and around the invention of writing, so shortly before. Okeeee
I googled dr. Woudhuizen right away, only to find out he passed away right next to my home town.
As we continental Italians say: Don't mess with Sardinians...
I like it lol. Why is that? Im part Sardinian but dont know a whole lot about part of my my own heritage. Born and raised in Alaska
This was a great video! This too is one of my favorite mysteries in history, the Sea Peoples! The only thing I wonder though is where the Philistines(Peleset) came from exactly? Were they from the ancient Phelasgians? Who knows? But this video was still kool!
Actually through reasearches conducted on the Phillistine DNA it higly matches the ancient Greek DNA
@@georgegkagka1773 yes I seen that. But what I mean is exactly what Greek Tribe they came from?
@@aaronmoreno8918 We are not exactly certain about it. They could be Minoans since Minoans were travellers
Travelers hm🤔Crete means the one who is moving all the time .
@@vesnanuspahic7510 In what language
Do you know of any research on any effect of volcanic activities in Europe that has happened before the sea people coming in to the picture.. i mean perhaps they experienced it in the past and where aware of the devastating results of a volcanic eruption thats why they decided to group together and move away to a better land they already knew was fertile and safer where they felt it could happen again? Whats your thoughts on this?
Those the came by sea were Greeks. Not only that, but we know the name of one of them: Odysseus. He described the failed raid on Egypt in Odyssey.
„But my comrades, yielding to wantonness, and led on by their own might, straightway set about wasting the fair fields of the men of Egypt; and they carried off the women and little children, and slew the men; and the cry came quickly to the city. Then, hearing the shouting, the people came forth at break of day, and the whole plain was filled with footmen, and chariots and the flashing of bronze. But Zeus who hurls the thunderbolt cast an evil panic upon my comrades, and none had the courage to hold his ground and face the foe; for evil surrounded us on every side. So then they slew many of us with the sharp bronze, and others they led up to their city alive, to work for them perforce.”
Thank you !Greeks and some neighbours .
Dr. W is brilliant
Philistines are related to pelsets who are Greek pirates from the southern part of Crete I watched an episode on Minoans where mr nick barksdale discusses with a known anthropologist and historian dr Louise hitchcock on his channel on how the Minoans feared pirates living on the southeastern island of Crete.
I already knew that the Israelites didn't have iron weapons in this time period with the Philistines dominating them. Also the account of King David V Goliath encapsulates the situation of an iron clad giant, with all the technological, weaponry advances of the day, vs a small boy with a stick and a slingshot.
I think there must’ve been a cataclysm that displaced large coastal/island communities; the valleys in the south of Sardinia, and the ruins there, show evidence of inundation from the seas coming well inland. Around 8000 years ago, Etna suffered a collapse that sent its eastern slope into the Mediterranean; the waves ran up ove 50 feet all through southern Italy and the western coasts of Greece. Something similar could’ve occurred, I think...
Is that Will and Ariel Durant's world history series next to your head in the right side at ear level?
You bet it is and the Napoleon volume is signed by him and his wife! Thanks for noticing!
Homer's Trojan War happened before 1250 BCE without the Greeks seizing Troy, just as the Iliad describes. It was inconclusive and the Greeks went home when strife in their homelands demanded it. (This is the story of the Odyssey) Troy's walls were destroyed by earthquake some time later, maybe 1 generation. (A horse is the symbol of Poseidon, god of earthquakes.) However, the war with the Hittites and the raids of the Sea People were around 1190 BCE, a good 50-60 years after the Trojan War. I believe the Luwians allied with the Greeks at this time, to liberate Cyprus from Hittite control and attack their allies, the Egyptians. This explains the spread of tribes mentioned by the Egyptians. It also explains why so many Greeks were living on the Luwian coast by the end of dark age: Because the Luwians and the Ionians Greeks were ultimately allies. It also explains why the Iliad includes both Luwian and Greek hero songs: Because during the sea raids, those bards were in the same camp, and so fused their songs together (long before Homer).
I also didn't know that iron was forbidden to be used by the jews. Never heard that important detail before. Iron was basically the ancient equivalent of nuclear weapons.
Just for reference for interested viewers, the passage is in I Samuel 13:19-22
19Now no blacksmith could be found in all the land of Israel, for the Philistines said, “Otherwise the Hebrews will make swords or spears.” 20So all Israel went down to the Philistines, each to sharpen his plowshare, his mattock, his axe, and his hoe.21The charge was two-thirds of a shekel for the plowshares, the mattocks, the forks, and the axes, and to fix the hoes. 22So it came about on the day of battle that neither sword nor spear was found in the hands of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan, but they were found with Saul and his son Jonathan.
So apparently the concept of strategic materials was in existence. I wonder how tight that ban really was.
@@philiprenne9874 I think the cause why so many people don't know this might be the phrasing in the Bible. It makes it sometimes hard to really understand what's happening. It's very "old school" English.
@@johnsamu i remembered once i read the passage that i had come across it before, but my eyes had pretty much glazed across XD i DO however seem to recall having the understanding, though i do not remember LEARNING that the jews were not allowed iron implements.
That said, similar happened here in Britain with the Romans, Jutes/Saxons and again later with the Normans, so maybe i assumed thats what always happens
I am Ingush.
We live in Northern Caucasus and call ourself Galgai. Also known as:
Colchis
Gargareans
Kisti
Kusti
Qalqans/Kalkans/calcans
Halka
Gligvi
Dzurdzuks
Gelians
Lamoor
Loamaro
Ingushians
Jeirahoi
Targimhoi
Hamhoi / Hamehi
Aegians
We are real Caucasians not like many other people living in Caucasus now who migrated here recently.
We have mountain village called Djeirah, which might be ancient Jericho.
Our main DNA Haplogroup is J2a1b (about 80% of population). Just as Arabs and Jews.
I personally believe that Arabs and Jews are coming from us through Ibrahim as.
We are the people of towers just like ancient Chaldeans.
Even today the swastika is our national symbol and a part of official Ingushian Republic flag.
Interesting thing is that in our ancient Ingush language we have a word “Charh” for the wheel.
This is a tragic presentation: both Nick and Frederick are recently deceased so early. Such a loss
9 groups of sea people , very interesting. 🤔
A bunch of people arriving from the sea...Didn't the same thing happen to Lindisfarne?
Please include maps, it will make easier to follow the conversation.
thank you.
How did such a small number of people overwhelm multiple large civilizations?
I find very interesting the claim about the origin in modern day Turkey of the Etruscans (that claim is as old as Herodotus) but since they spoke a non Anatolian language. How did they arrive to Anatolia?
Obsolete.
@@Phaedon53 What is obsolete? The hypothesis of the Eastern Mediterranean origin of the Etruscans? Of course I don't know if that's true, simply I was surprised when I heard that claim to Woudhiizen
@@CanalCursoMLearning
The Turkish origins theory is obsolete.
And Herodotus never wrote such thing.
How could he ? The were no Turks there till almost 2000 years later.
If there were Turks anywhere at all.
@@Phaedon53 I never mentioned the Turks, but Herodotus definetely claimed the origin of the Etruscans was in Lydia (modern day Turkey) and Woudhuizen thinks the same (I know other claim a local origin of the Etruscans in Italy, but Woudhuizen doesn't)
@@CanalCursoMLearning what has Lydia to do with turks? Turks came to Anatolia around 1000 years ago.
In addition to the Sardinian and Philistine Sea Peoples settlements in Caanan, the ancient Greek Mycenaeans, aka the DANaoi/DANoi people also settled in Northern Caanan and were later known as the Hebrew tribe of Dan.
before Bronze age collapse, did Phoenicians ship to areas beyond Greece in Mediterranean sea? from which sea peoples could hijack and use ships for assault on eastern Mediterranean areas of Greece, Asia Minor, Levant and Egypt?
Thank God for guys like you, because guys like me wouldn't know anything
Pale faces get this, the sea people were of black stock, and the so-called Israelites which were black people called Hebrew. These two pale faces set up here and lie. Especially this white Jew boy with this European dialect
@@donaldrandle8733 Haha, bless! Never change!
Why were iron weapons forbidden? I also remember something about other things like engravings or something forbidden to be made with iron tools. What was wrong with iron?
it was the super weapon of its day before it became widely known. The Hittites kept the the making of iron a close guard secret. It not only made for stronger weapons but the tools gave a culture a distinctive material advantage on many levels like agriculture and sailing.
Interesting but I have some qualms especially the identity of two of the three (or four) "Italian" nations: I applauded when he said that the Weshesh are probably Ausonians but then got very perplex when he conflates them with the Indoeuropean Oscans (who lived much further north and inland). The Ausonians were pre-Indoeuropean and are known to have pillaged Greece (piracy).
As for the Shekelesh, they are surely related to Sicily but as destination and not origin: their origin is probably Semitic from Syria or Canaan because they are reported as circumcised. The name Shekelesh also suggests a Semitic mercenary meaning to them, because shekel is a very ancient Canaanite weight unit and coin (much like our pound but smaller). There's another reason: Sicily is very anomalous in terms genetic in Europe, tending extremely towards Syria-Lebanon, more than Greece, this IMO can only be explained if people from that origin settled there and the LBA (or earliest Iron Age) is the perfect window for that to happen.
That window also has, it seems, another "Sea People" arriving to Italy: the Teresh (Tyrsenians, Etruscans, Tauresoi, surely Arzawans, who were only shallowly "Luwianized"), so my take is that these two nations actually migrated to Italy AFTER the 1178-75 main Sea Peoples' wave (led by Greeks = Denesh = Danaoi), either invited by the Sherden and Weshesh as aid against the Indoeuropeans (Italics) or opportunistically, maybe even in the side of the Indoeuropean invaders (or a complex combo of both).
And of course I strongly disagree with conflating Arzawans and Luwians, Luwians and Hittites were basically the same thing: Indoeuropeans conquering the region from the Upper Euphrates area (derived from Kura-Araxes culture). Luwian was an important language in the Hittite Empire (along with Nesili=Hittite and pre-Indoeuropean Hattic) and was surely a lingua franca in the region, the occasional scattered presence of Luwian North and West of Lukka has that explanation (for example there's a seal in Troy written in Luwian but absolutely not made in Troy, but imported). Arzawans and Trojans were not Indoeuropean, they were proto-Etruscan, Tyrsenian, Teresh, "Rasnal" in their own language.
You need to take into account the environmental changes and shifts, and a rise in the vulcanism and seismic activities in the Mediterranean at the time. One of the primary giveaways that the Sea Peoples were not semitic speaking Peoples is the translations of the personal and place names found in the areas of the Philistine City States, and the archeological record's DNA studies of the pig bones found in the middens. When groups of Peoples move, they tend to take their foods with them, and the "Philistines" brought their european breeds of pig with them. All Semitic Peoples have two historical/cultural commonalities in common. 1) They all circumcise their males, and they all practiced child sacrifice. There is no evidence from any record that the Philistines had these customs. The Phoenicians were Semitic, their language was so close to Hebrew that both being Canaanitic Peoples were mutually comprehensible to each other. By the time that one Hebrew Group had become Jews, (post return to the Levant, post the Egyptian sojourn), the Jews tended to live in the Hill Country of Judea/Samaria, the Philistines lived in rhe Gaza and slightly north...then there was the frontier areas between the two. gath.wordpress.com/about/project-overview/
@@maracohen5930 - I know most were non-Semitic but "Israel" is mentioned (at least according to many) among the first Sea Peoples' wave (or "Nine Bows", led by the Hittites, c. 1208 BCE, >> en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneptah_Stele ) and the repeatedly mentioned Shekelesh do seem Semitic, not just in their name, that seems derived from "shekel" but in the fact that they are recorded as circumcised, something only Semites and Egyptians practiced, at least north of the First Cataract. The Sherden are also reported as circumcised but they had been living among Egyptians and Canaanites for a century already as "Varangian Guard" of sorts, all the others were uncircumcised, including the Berbers (Libu and Meswesh). So IMO the Shekelesh were either Canaanites or other Semites or were also strongly assimilated into Canaanite/Semitic culture. Their name suggests they were mercenaries but maybe it refers to trade or has a meaning like "Viking" of "raider", unsure.
@@maracohen5930 Shekelesh,.. I think a region in north/east Turkey has a cognate, Ashkenaz. It is the region where the Yiddish language originates. Is Yiddish a Semitic language with an Anatolian substrate?
@ No, actually Yiddish is a Germanic Language, written in Hebrew Characters that originated in Europe, long after the Roman Legions conquered Judea, and then took the Elites so they couldn't lead another rebellion against Roman rule into Europe as Slaves of the Legions. Which is why Jews were scattered all over Europe in the Roman Provinces of Germania, Italia, Gallia (Gaul), Hispania, and Britannia. Having a literate, educated Mediterranean/Levantine People under absolute control of the Provincial Roman upper classes was extremely useful for both the Legion Administrations and the Provincial Rulers. Which is one of the big reasons that even when manumitted, Jews were not allowed to return to their homeland. The Roman Catholic Church, as a mirror image of Roman Imperial rule used the Jews as the explanation to the Pagans they were converting for the death of their god. Wouldn't do for the literal minded Pagan Converts to think that the Romans had killed their own god, now would it? The RCC simply continued to provide abuse and mistreatment of this captive population and institutionalize same into European Cultures, and it is obvious to this day. European Aristocracy benefited themselves by having a literate, educated population outside of the Feudal relationship matrixes under their absolute control. And drumming up fake allegations against the Jewish communities so burdened, and getting the peasants drunk and mobbing was not only an excellent is bloody outlat for their butt hurt about being a european Feudal peasant (not a very pleasant thing to be) a good purge, relieved a lot of nasty feelings about the status quo. Just left a lot of dead Jews, and a further skills impoverished Euro aristocrat. A good way to eff up your rival's estates economies. The DNA genomic trail of the european diaspora of Jews demonstrates the mass of Ashkie ancestors having entered through Italy, again. Slaves of the Roman Legions. And until Constantine, the Celt population, which was the primary population of Europe, having migrated into Europe from the late Bronze Age on from north of the Black Sea, were the converted to Judaism wives of those manumitted Jews not allowed to return to their Homelands, as only some of the maternal DNA demonstrated in that population is Levantine, but all the male is,, as well as the Germanic Tribals contribution. That ended when Christianity became the State Religion of the Roman Empire. And then Jew Hate was institutionalized in European Cultures. Ladino, another such Language is based in the Hispanic/Latin languages.
@@maracohen5930 As I skim over your words I realize that there is meaning to each and every one. I am not used to reading such thoughtful words. I will have to re-read your comment several times when I am settled and focused to capture the full depth of your comment. Thank you Mara.
That opening song is pretty sweet at 1.25 speed
Great content.
What is their affiliation with the tribe of Dan
None known. Biblical history can very rarely be corroborated with anything outside of the Biblical sources themselves. The Danoi could easily be completely unrelated to the tribe of Dan.
The pheoniecians in all probability consisted of people from the tribe of Dan. These people later became Vikings. The rest of Europe makes up the rest of Isreal. Isaac=Saac
Son of Isaac= Isaacson
Son of Saac= Saacson
Saacson = Saxon
Eurobro Warrior Monk don’t forget the /s some 15 year old will actually fall for it
Yeah I know that.
The saxons are the ones who were known as the Scythians.
I like the music in the beginning. What is it and who is the composer?
I just creamed my pants so much watching that interview that I tried subscribing again lol