How METAL 3D PRINTING Work?

How Does 3D PRINTING STEEL Work?
Metal 3D printing is an umbrella term for several families of AM technologies. Simply stated, any technology that creates metal objects layer by layer with sintering, melting, and welding could be called metal 3D printing.
Metal 3D printing provides a proven menu of benefits to a growing number of industries. Not only can you create parts with shapes and internal structures that could not be cast or otherwise machined, but metal 3D printing can create parts within parts so engineers can design a complex assembly in one piece. This saves the time and labor of assembling parts or performing processes, such as welding, and increases the efficiency of the final part.
Powder bed fusion (PBF) is an additive manufacturing process and works on the same basic principle in that parts are formed through adding material rather than subtracting it through conventional forming operations such as milling. The PBF process begins with the creation of a 3D CAD model, which is numerically 'sliced' into several discrete layers. For each layer, a heat source scan path is calculated which defines both the boundary contour and some form of fill sequence, often a raster pattern since the heat source is typically an energy beam.
Each layer is then sequentially bonded on top of each other. PBF processes spread powdered material over the previously joined layer, ready for processing of the next layer hence the manufacturing is discrete rather than continuous (though each layer is fully consolidated to adjacent layers). A hopper supplies the powdered material which is then spread uniformly over the powder bed build platform area via a roller or blade. The optimal thickness of each layer of spread powder is dependent on the processing conditions and material used, but values of 25 to 100µm are common.
What are the Applications of PBF?
PBF processes are used across a wide range of industrial sectors for numerous applications. For example, the process is implemented by the medical sector for making customised orthopaedic components, such as titanium alloy cranial or acetabular implants.
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