Hidden Variables-How We Know They Don't Exist In Quantum Mechanics
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- Опубликовано: 26 сен 2024
- In this video I show you what a hidden variable is and then show you a proof of Bell's Theorem that shows how we know that hidden variables don't exist in quantum mechanics. Some of the information in this video was adapted from DrPhysicsA ( • Bell's Inequality ). I highly recommend his channel for more in depth physics subjects.
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Let me clarify something that a few people are getting caught up on. The 1,2,3 polarizers are not the order in which the photons are going through the polarizers. They are representing the information that the photon would need to have predetermined beforehand about the polarizers. If there were hidden variables, then the photon would need to "know" beforehand what polarizer it could go through regardless of whether or not we were planning on doing an experiment with them. For example, if there were hidden variables, if you put the polarizers in this order +45° then 90° then a single photon might make it through if it had the hidden variable 1,4 or 5 assigned to it but not 2,3,6 or 8. Another example, if you have +45° then 90° then -45° polarizers in that order then some light gets through, but if you have +45° then -45° then 90° then no light goes through. If there are hidden variables that are predetermined then a photon needs to have decided before any experiment whether or not it can make it through +45°, 90°, and -45° polarizers regardless of what order we decided to put them in.
Didn’t ask tho
ljhgf
I was wondering can you use an electromechanical transducer like those available in a microphone to use environmental noise to charge a battery
Or if using that same electromechanical transducer from the microphone you see if it's possible to use like the volume on your TV to charge a cell phone
Theoretically it seems possible
Bell’s theorem proves that you cannot have local hidden variables. Nonlocal hidden variables are allowed.
What is the difference?
@@pmcate2 local means the things interact directly, global often refers to things such as the either (which was debunked some time ago) in where it's influence is spread out beyond it's local vicinity. pilot wave theory, for example, implies that particles are always particles, but are sometimes directed through a universal wave, similar to how vibrating silicone oil droplets bounces off the ripples it creates.
I suspect you are a programmer.
It's an even weaker claim than that. Bell's theorem and its ilk assume statistical independence between the measurement apparatus, the scientist, and the thing being measured. Since the objects inhabit the same universe, there is no reason to think there is no correlation between them. If the assumption is violated then that allows determinism and locality with hidden variables.
@@trucid2 superdeterminism is also somewhat difficult to prove, though it sounds much more likely than true randomness. both assumptions lead to science as a method being unreliable, either due to magic, or the inability to measure scientific data, and should thus be relegated to the back of our minds when asking scientific questions, at least until we are forced to acknowledge them.
For anyone coming from today's short, skip to about 2:00 for the answer, the beginning is pretty much covered in the short. Or just watch it all cause That Action Lab is awesome lll
God exists
Thanks
Salute
thanks
Not all heros wear capes
The hidden variable (ie, the unknown input that made the system's outcome vary) was your finger preventing one of the strings from moving. The strings being intertwined is not a variable, but just an initially unknown feature of the system's nature.
The hidden variable was whether he held the bottom openings or not.
That's exactly why we don't know why/how the universe exist
Pedantic af
For it to work - both the finger holding and strings intercepted needed to exist. What is illogical though these hidden variables made it random, but photon example says it is random (which it can s not) that’s why no hidden variables can exist.
*THIS MAN'S SHIRT WILL BE THINKING UNTIL THE END OF SPACE-TIME*
"These are the only bits of information that it can have" @8:05
Reducing the behaviors of polarizing, filtering, and entangling to these simple booleans seems error-prone to me. All that Bell's Theorem demonstrates to me is that it's not that simple, but I feel like I already knew that because of the way polarized filters can twist polarization.
Can you elaborate? Are you saying Bell's is flawed? Also what type of errors? Genuinely curious, not disputing nor agreeing.
@@localverse Presumably it's my understanding that's flawed, hehe.
But suppose that if the photon and the filter don't match, then the outcome depends on the phase of the photon and the distance between the filter and the emitter. Or maybe the brownian motion at the detector. Or some other external influence like the previous particles that have gone through the filter. I'm guessing all these kinds of things have already been considered and rejected for how well accpeted Bell's is, but I only have the knowledge from videos like this.
@@CodeKujo Our understanding might be flawed, maybe our maybe not, but it's good to question things! Normally I'd think they probably would've already considered those things you said, but if this video is correct, then Bell's theorem only addresses a scenario of the photon already being 'prepared' for the filter, which wouldn't even touch on the potential effects you suggested. Plus, it's odd that in these types of demos they seem to only insert the 3rd polarizer in the center... what would happen if they instead simply stuck the polarizer at the end?
I am actually dying, when in the beginning, he pulled the left side, and then both bottoms went up, and he went. HUH?
Time Stamp: 1:30
Edit: I don't even know why lol.
"HM?" lol
Because he didn't hold any of the string.....
There are many problems with QM...First thing, we don't even know how exactly the light is being blocked. Second "Probability of reality is not reality", QM is literally just Probability and Statistics and we shouldn't be stretching it this far into Real Events.
3. The rest of the Universe is deterministic, the highest chances are that we don't really know what's going on at the smallest scales so we have no choice but to use probabilities. However, it is very likely that it is deterministic down there too.
Unfortunately Quantum Mechanics has a good enough track record at this point to more or less completely disprove the possibility that it could be deterministic. I'd recommend looking into the Double Slit Experiment for a cool demonstration of this. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is a good formulation of the undeterministic nature of particles too.
@@Powerracer251 I know quite a bit about the double slit experiment, even that isn't what you think it is.
And even the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is a limitation on our abilities to measure things, it says nothing about particles themselves not knowing what they are doing.
Lastly, it's not just me, alot of scientists also do not believe in QM being more than just probability and statistics. And just like me they are also sick of all the "Quantum woo". Most of "Quantum woo" actually comes from what the QM proponents say and they say it wrong, which allows charlatans like Deepak Chopra spew out even more bullcrap. Sooner or later we will have a better understanding than QM. if not then we will at least have a better understanding of it's limitations and interpretations.
@@somethingsinlife5600 I know very well what the uncertainty principle means. The reality is that we will never overcome that obstacle though. How can we possibly measure the position of a particle without influencing it in some way? To me Quantum Mechanics is an accepance of the limitations of our ability to gather data and understand the world. I find it unlikely that we will overcome many of it's uncertainties even if the universe technically isn't obeying the rules as we state them.
I feel it can be deterministic too but after I read about the double slit experiment I changed my mind🤣
@@Hard_Online You misunderstand the double slit experiment.
Still feels like we're making a lot of assumptions here. Assumptions that can't be demonstrated.
This reminds me of how a group psychology works. If a single person is placed in a situation, it's very difficult to predict their reaction to that situation. But if a crowd of people are together, it's much easier to predict it's reactions. The larger the crowd, the more predictively it will react.
That is how chaos or chaotic systems work. However, Psychology, as a discipline, is barely consistent or rigorous.
@3:55 Fun fact: When New York Times interviewed Podolsky and wrote that article, Einstein was absolutely furious! He blamed Podolsky for leaking the work prematurely and without his (Einstein's) authorization, and never spoke to Podolsky again. Rosen on the other hand was still in Einstein's favor, and they went on to write another famous article on wormholes in general relativity together.
There is now theoretical work that combines the EPR paper about quantum entanglement with the ER paper on wormholes, theorizing that entanglement is the structure that binds spacetime together in a manner similar to the wormholes Einstein and Rosen described.
Maybe, I'm missing some things, but here are some questions I have about the example:
-How do we know that the polarizers are independent? That is, maybe if the photon can pass through 2, it must also be able to pass through 3 (and could never be blocked by 3).
-How do we know that the polarizers don't alter the photons in some way?
-How do we know the weightings of the possibilities of the "pieces of information that that [hidden] variable can have"? The example seems to imply that all possibilities are equally likely.
-How do we know that the entanglement of the photons doesn't also contain hidden information that might affect this example?
Good questions! 👍 A year later have you found any satisfying answers to them?
4:37 Wait. P for photon instead of gamma? Triggered!
A photon is a ball that has p written on it instead of gamma.
*I am a hidden variable*
You exist, action lab has been proven wrong
I'm a Quantum Mechanic :D
kid in the back of the classroom: *intensifies*
@Curious Random Actually, you aren't entirely wrong. Except you aren't hidden, but surely you aren't random, you just have free will.
username checks out
1:30 yea nah. 2020 I'm done.
@@crazy420gaming3 ok then
@@crazy420gaming3 what the fudge man you shouldnt do this
Could it be that the entangled particles aren’t perfectly entangled?
Or could there be a hidden variable in the polarizer rather than in the particle?
Have those assumptions been disproven?
It's 💯 perfectly entangled to render applications like quantum secure communication systems.
There's no hidden variable in polarizer, that probability has been ruled out in original Bell's experiment
@@ExMuslimProphetMuhammadhow do we know that the hidden variables don't affect each other? That could explain the discrepancy. For example, if some hidden variable allows something to pass, then the entangled hidden variable could make sure it doesn't pass, causing a discrepancy.
Why is your channel so good?
There must be some *Hidden Variables*
Singing I get to into your videos and forget to like them! This is my absolute favorite science channel on RUclips nothing can beat the action lab!!!! I wish I could afford to buy the boxes for my kids to show greater support and my kids more involved but watching your videos are what we can do and that's good soupy for me!
The violation of Bell's Inequality rules out state variables that are constant, with no time-varying perturbation around some ergodic mean. If you admit some time-varying aspect (e.g. the phase of Larmor Precession for magnetic moment or the phase of the sinusoidal E-field for photons), then the math of Bell's Inequality still goes through for an inertial frame of references (e.g. Special Relativity), where time-keeping is uniform everywhere and everywhen. But if you admit there are gravitational gradients present, then GR tells us there will be time-dilation, meaning that the time-varying terms do not maintain perfect phase-locked synchrony. This decoherence suffices to explain the probabilistic departure as revealed in actual experiments. On the surface of the earth, the sun and the moon introduce gravitational gradients (as we appreciate thanks to the ocean tides). Time-keeping is thus local, sufficient to induce local perturbations in the time-varying aspects of the presumptive state variables.
This is the first explanation of Bell's theorem that I understand. You are a great teacher! Thanks.
I can see this guy as magician for side line job 😅🤣😂 .. smart dude
Should there not be a fourth polarising filter, a 'horisontal' one? (0, 45, -45 and 90 degrees) One in four, thus 0.25? ;-)
Try filling out the hidden state and measurement tables with 4 filters, I think you might be surprised with how it turns out.
Just tried it out in a spreadsheet, the lowest chance is still 1/3, not 1/4 like the experiment shows.
@@ShadowHawkThe3rd Please excuse me for taking your word for it.
Why is your channel so interesting!!!???
In the field of stage performance physics, audience calls this as "Magic"😉
Nice one dude.
Love your work. Even if can't always understand it.
Huh?
What’s to not understand???? Huh ???? U r dum or some ting???
@@Hawidaku nah he or she is just a child
@@maheshdev5772 im an 15 year old
"Subscribe and if you haven't already, hit the Bell"
Now why would I do that to him when he's the one that blessed us with such a theory
1:35 *Surprised Pikachu face*
Great video :)
I know it is not the focus of this video, but how do we know that entangled photons would necessarily have the same hidden variables?
I am not a physicist, so sorry if that is a noob question.
Nice question
This is the crux of his proof, without which the whole example is meaningless. He’s proving “randomness” but implied the entangled pairs have the same polarisation. Surely the 25% simply shows that they don’t always.
He is (deliberately, because it would complicate things) missing 2 options at the 9:46. He "forgets" to mention when they both grab the same type of filter. If he would have mentioned those situations he would have told you that in 100% of the cases the result is the same. So that would point to the fact that if the photons did have hidden variables, they would both have the same hidden variables.
In my view that is an essential part of the information he neglected to mention. But otherwise it's a good video!
Best quotes regarding quantom physics:
"Hmm?" (Time: 1':36") 🤣
It was not the normal "hmm." It was an unexpected; surprised "hmm"
Maybe this is a great analogy for quantum entanglement ...maybe there is some hidden mechanism which we just can't imagine yet.
no shit, he is literally referring to quantum mechanics. he misrepresents bell's theorem, stating incorrectly that all hidden variables have been debunked, but he is not accounting for non-local hidden variables.
@@davidlewis6728 do u realise..that global hidden variable is equal to randomness for..us there's no difference and it doesn't matter both ate same things
@@anandsuralkar2947 how do you figure? a global hidden variable can be questioned, and at some point revealed, where as randomness, even as a theory, is completely impenetrable to scientific documentation.
@@davidlewis6728 it could i be i am not saying its not possible i am saying even if we someday find if there is or isn't a global variable thats differant.thats not what we have problem with.in entanglement ment.
If even there is global variable thats still.is better than local variable problem..atleast...global variable will allow us to have faster than light info tranfer through space which a local variable cant..
Do u understand a world with global variable is practically same for us in the realm of quantum entanglement and "spooky action at distance"..
Do u understand what i am trying to say global variable will clearly allow us for FTL info transfer..probably
@@anandsuralkar2947 i don't understand most of what you are saying, but the existence of a global variable does not in any way imply ftl transference of info unless the given variable has said affect instantly. gravity affects everything in the universe no matter how far away it is, but the information about gravity does not break the laws of physics by going faster than light.
1. In the experiment how were they able to generate one pair of photons and measure if it would pass the three filters or not?
2. Has the experiment been repeated with other properties of particles instead of using polarisation of light with same result?
3. How did they eliminate the possibility that the mere act of photon passing through the first polarizing filter affected its properties in some way (like for example shifted/rotated its polarizing angle clockwise) to make it pass though the second and finally third even though the third filter was at 90° from 1st one?
This is the problem I have with leaps in logic like this. We don't know what we don't know, and there can always be hidden variables that we have no idea exist.
As for 3, I fell for that one too, but that's why it's done with an entangled pair in parallel instead of just shooting one photon through both filters in succession.
Yes but they may be entangled but they are not at the same atomic position and don't go on the same trajectory, it might very well be there is atomic differences in the filter where the photon is passing.. This experiment doesn't prove there aren't hidden variables at all
The actual Bell's experiment was done , measuring the spin of electron and not polarization of light whereas this is just simplified version.
The polarizers don't affect shift or rotation, even if they would then again there's would be a clear visible pattern.
In quantum mechanics there's a saying that you know who's standing on the bridge only when you stand on that bridge
@@ExMuslimProphetMuhammad Thank you!
Oh man this is mind boggling. That light polarization analogy was a pretty good description to describe the random factor in quantum physics. I still don't think it's random but that results are based on actions so impossibly nuanced to recreate that they might as well be. If we could find a way to AIM that photon through the polarizer it wouldn't be random anymore. The results currently seem about as random as chips falling down a plinko board. It could technically be possible to recreate results time after time if variables were all known and duplicated but that would incredibly complex to do with all those intricacies.
For real world application it would be impossible essentially to control results. The sun for example has photon light particles we can't control so results would basically depend on it's movement or its energy being redirected. Nothing seems random, only predetermined if you ask me. Random implies unexpected results out of nowhere and without reason. Knowing the possible outcomes without knowing why they occur is random. A coin flipping tails side up is not random, just an unexpected result; predetermined based on the energy used to flip it and the physics and expended energy behind it's movement.
In conclusion, life is abstract like a Jackson Pollock painting.
Similar thinking here 🤔, if it were truly random then we should see it achieve a higher number of matching results than a coin toss would which isn't truly random. For example, we should see more cases of 100 electrons in a row all spin up or all spin down, than we'd see of 100 coin flips in a row all heads or all tails.
It's the tiny imperfections in the flipping and and tiny differences between two sides a coin that prevents too many matching heads or tails beyond a certain amount. True random wouldn't have those imperfections, so their matching results could climb higher.
Jada Pinkett Smith: "so you could say the strings are ... entangled?"
Lmao
Too soon, you're going to hell
I don't get this joke. Is it posted last year by someone who came from the future and actually saw the 2022 Oscars?
I started watching this guy 1 year ago. So I didn't see this video.
Interestingly, he made a short with a link to this video.
Smart thinking.
Wow 😮 it's amazing .Now, I have a New trick. Where do you find these things. Your all video's are amazing.
Yes,true I never found such interesting things.
@@ssjjj3697 Yes, me also.What is place where you find these things .They are amazing I can show them in my class.
Thank you all for your support.
Cut , spliced at 45 seconds. . Camera tick
Thank you for this. One of your best yet.
This channel changed from vacuum chamber to physics.
And I like that.
Vacuum chamber IS physics.
This channel is so entertaining I like the shorts and these longer videos awesome thanks a million for the content 🙂
You are doing great work my friend! I've had this explained to me hundreds of times, but for the first time I think I understand quantum mechanics. No hidden variables. It is completely random. I am still struggling with why is it completely random though. 🤔
But what if the photon would simply get randomly changed when passing the polarizer depending on how the texture of the polarizer at that position on the atomic level is.
I would love to hear an answer for that.
If that were the case, then there would be inconsistency in the 25% that was said to have observed in the video.
@@LEGIT_HIPHOP Why? The 25% are just the average, I think...
"Texture" at the atomic level doesn't exist. Texture requires vast amounts of atoms to be. Texture is a description on a macro, not micro level
At micro level or quantum level textures doesn't exist. quantum particles just phase through the filter or even solid thin obstacles(quantum tunneling) without affecting the obstacle or being affected by obstacle. example is charge phasing through solid carbon nanotubes that are used in double gated transistors of modern ICs
You are great man
Live from India
Wasn't your experiment to determine the string movement _ALSO_ being disrupted by the test itself (fingers over the holes)?
I've always thought that in quantum mechanics, there must be some disruption caused by our methods that we don't realize.
You need to know, that the system doesn't change because we "know it" or "saw it". The wave function collapses because seeing is shooting photos on it, hence physically changing the system. The universe doesn't do that because it knows we are doing an experiment, because certain interactions disrupt certain outcomes. Seeing a string doesnt change the outcome but shooting a photon on a single particle does. So what you say is nonsense because youre trying to give quantum properties to macroscopic objects
@@haros2868
What you describe is the way I've always thought it would have to work. But I've been told many times that's explicitly not how it works.
Despite being told that so many times, I still don't accept it. But that's what they say.
@@manguy01 I don't get what your saying. What exactly you cannot accept i lost you. Only observing quantum phenomena disturbes the system. Not by some kind of magic but just because particles interactions
@@haros2868
Yes. That's what I said.
But that's not what quantum physicists say. I agree with you. I disagree with them. They're the experts, but I somehow can't accept it.
Like Einstein, I can't help but say "God does not play dice"
@@manguy01 Bro i say exactly what quantum physics say too. Einstein was wrong, God plays dices. And Heisenberg was true. I am with indeterminenism and thats also what our latest modes suggest. Einstein in his era didn't have the knowledge we have today so i don't get were we disagree with reality. And if you can comprehend i also made an analogy before an hour on why determinatism and hidden variables are contradictions and false:
Deterministists -> hidden variables
Hidden variables -> causality violation
Causality violation ≠ determinism, indeterminenism.
So non local hidden variables would contradict everything. Strict deterministists trying to prove everything is predetermined by rejecting quantum mechanics and allowing the possibility of changing the ALREADY DETERMINED past with retricausality. See the paradoxes. Now how do we avoid all this fuzzness?? Simple, reality needs randomness, its essential fir existence. So hidden variables have been disproven and also make sense to be disproven and non local hidden variables do the paradoxes i showed above.
So if you read i don't know where we got lost but i agree with randomness, causality and quantum mechanics. If you do so you are in the right side.
That tube creation he just made would be a sick magic trick.
I remember working as a data analyst and having a coworker ask me to help him understand why certain numbers in his spreadsheet didn't ad up. I wasn't an expert in Excel but I knew how to do math. I quickly reduced that "errors" formed a pattern that implied a hidden variable. Low and behold there was a hidden sheet, a layer of information that was password protected. The truth of quantum is not a universe without purpose but a lock barring your way to complete mastery. Either accept the boundary and the model for what it is or don't but only the Master has the key.
Nice point. Who designates the Master, I wonder?
Bell's Theorem comes at the problem from an additive perspective saying that it should always spit out an answer based off of the individual properties of 2 "identical" particles. This is short sided thinking because it disregards the fact that there may be one or more hidden properties tied to the shear properties of entanglement. If having two photons being entangled essentially changes the results into some complex formula or makes a simpler change like changing an addition sign to a multiplication sign, then your results will obviously be different than a simple addition. And that's just talking about once the particles are already entangled, there might be other formulas that we're missing relating to particles becoming entangled, some unknown decay factor on their entanglement, how entanglement affect different particles, or any number of things that we still haven't even discovered about the nature of entanglement.
Great video! I liked the string in tube device, good physical analogy of the hidden variable theory. One thing I never quite got about Bell's Inequality was why it must be true for ALL possible hidden variable theories. It certainly makes sense in the standard ABC/eight-possible-options configuration, but how do we know for sure that we couldn't come up with some kind of much more complex format for hidden variables that Bell's Inequality wouldn't apply to? It seems like Bell's Inequality is said to apply to any hidden variable configuration where the variables have some definite value period. But couldn't the hidden variables be much more complex than the simple 1 bit, pass/fail arrangement seen here?
Thanks!!
You recreated the classic magic trick the "Pom Pom Pole".
How many of you like Quantum Mechanics?
Man, you make great educational content. I also love your shorts and never miss to click on those. Keep it up 👍👍
Could the polarizer be polarizing the light that comes through it, and each other polarizer has a chance to polarize the light in a new direction with a 0-100% chance sweeping through angles 0-90?
Reasons to doubt:
1. Maybe light’s polarization is not constant; maybe it rotates.
2. The hypotheses depends on entangled photons behaving in a predictable way 100% of the time. This contradicts it’s own hypothesis.
3. 25% vs 33% is close.
4. Using probabilities to conclude that something can’t be predictable.
You can still have hidden variables, they just have to be non-local. I.e. the hidden variables themselves have to surpass the speed of light. Its how a set of interpretations of quantum mechanics deal with entanglement.
That does come with its own problems of course. E.g. Information cant travel faster than light otherwise you almost unavoidably break causality, but its still a possibility for things like entanglement where no information can be passed.
That's not true either. You can have locality, hidden variables *and* determinism through superdeterminism.
Maybe I misunderstood, but you gave a perfect example where photons cannot go through both 2 and 3. They completely cancel each other out, allowing for 0% chance that any photos could go through both 2 and 3. That means that not only are #1 and #5 of the 8 are incorrect, but your entire third column of "2,3" would be different results from each other.
I feel like this man does these videos because he loves science and loves sharing the amazing reasons behind how and why things are the way they are and not to catch money.
I love watching people who love what they do
In point of fact, this video disproves the concept that quantum mechanics is random.
A purely random outcome would be a correlation of approximately 33%. QM has to be providing consistency, not randomness, to achieve 25% correlation at these angles.
There is a much simpler explanation. Malus’s Law demonstrates that photons have a cosign squared relationship regarding the strength or probability of passing through a polarization filter at a certain angle. This function can and should be used to classically describe how photons pass through different filters at different angles.
That's incredible! You were able to single-handedly rule out one of the major theories of the underlying structure of Quantum Mechanics with some PVC, some string, and some washers! I bet all of the world's top experts in Quantum Mechanics would sure love to know that!
Not only that, but you've also managed to conclude without any apparent doubt that the universe is truly non-deterministic, which is doubly impressive since the _best_ current theory of QM is deterministic.
Bravo!
I get that this is a channel aimed at a general, non-technical audience, but that doesn't mean you have to spread incorrect information.
Just change the phrase "there are no hidden variables" to "there are no _local_ hidden variables" and you'd be presenting much more accurate information, not confusing anyone, and possibly even leaving a breadcrumb for curious-minded viewers to follow, to do some follow-up research on their own to find out why that word is in there.
Similarly, is it that hard to say "it _seems_ that there _might_ really be randomness in the universe"? Even world-class experts don't use such certain phrasing about such things. Science must always allow for the possibility of being wrong. Put another way, Bayesian priors should never be exactly 0 or 1.
Anyway, that said, neat trick with the strings! I'm surprised you didn't do the three-polarizer trick, which to my mind does a _much_ more convincing (if less rigorous) job of demonstrating why any simple, local version of a hidden variables theory can't be correct.
If you're not familiar, it's pretty awesome, and would make a great video! Just take two polarizers, demonstrate the way light goes from 50% to 0% as the angle between them changes from 0° to 90°... and then when they're at 90°, slip a third polarizer between them at 45° and watch in awe as light can come through.
Easiest explanation of Bell’s Theorem I’ve seen so far! Excellent!
I have an idea for a follow on video: cover some cases where the apparatus isn’t perfect. Maybe some photons get lost, maybe a polarizer is a bit weird, or some other imperfection. Show that the argument still holds in these real world conditions. No one has been able to find a plausible defect that explains the results classically!
What if there are multiple hidden variables that work together to produce the limited output? You could get 25% by having 8 variables for example, as this would produce 28 possible entanglements on the chart. All this seems to disprove is one variable having a direct say /impact on the outcome. It also assumes that if there were hidden variables, the values would be evenly distributed in the universe, and we already know symmetry is broken fundamentally, or else matter might not even exist.
Nice job tricking us into learning with that baiting short!! 😤😤😤💪🏻💪🏻✊🏻💯
This guy moves his head like he doesn't want to make eye contact
while making eyecontact
Bro you gotta know that the RUclips Shorts system makes it really hard to get to the description when on mobile. It’s not easily found. If you want more views you gotta show people in the video.
nothing says that entangled photons should have the same polaryzation, i could be a hidden variable that is defferent for each photon
I'm still a little bit at a loss as to how this experiment proves this. Couldn't it be simply that there is some unknown information interaction between the polarising lens and the photons that we are as yet unaware of? Like something that makes the two linked photons to act differently.
I think the reason why people get confused about this is because Quantum Mechanics is based around probability waves where interacting with each other changes the probability wave, therefore it must be possible to calculate and narrow in on the probability wave by understanding and knowing about more factors that were involved in modifying that probability wave. While this is true in theory, in practice it's not really possible because in practice something that could have affected a probability wave could be millions of lightyears away, that affected the probability wave in question millions of years ago, that doesn't exist anymore, and we have no way of knowing it ever existed.
To top that off, the whole reason why the "randomness" exists at the quantum level is because things at that scale are not a finite state machine. This is something a lot of people trying to talk about quantum mechanics try to do when talking about it to dumb it down, they say that "we dont know what state it is in until we observe it." This implies it IS in one or the other state, but that we just don't know which state until observed. There is a problem with this way of explaining quantum mechanics, because that implication is entirely untrue. There isn't a "true" or "false" that something is set to and "kept track of" at all times that we just happen to not know until observed. It's both true and false and neither at the same time until probability waves interact and cause one or the other (or both, or neither!) to collapse on one of the states. This isn't just "we dont _know_ what state it is in until we observe it." It is LITERALLY not in either state and both states AND one or the other state at the same time until the probability wave collapses and that can be and has been objectively proven.
His tshirt is stil thinking 🤔🤣
I suggest that there are hidden variable but it don't directly affect the outcome it change the position and position of the plate atom is not same in every case
Hidden variable, crouching probability..
It's all done with wires.
Bell's theorem explained in this video can only prove that there's no dead simple variables underneath, and based on that, I've been thinking this for years since I believe there could be some complex variables working out of the box -- if you're familiar with computer science you might know the variables, if you want, can behave in a much more complex way. All the explanation for Bell's theorem I've read don't prove the impossibility of unobservable variables playing the role under the hood. I hope I could work with this a little bit deeper someday.
That s the best explanation of Bell s theorem I ve seen so far.. yet I find it hard to understand deeply, the maths are fine but I didnt fully digest it
11:44 Well, to be honest you didn't set up all the hidden variables though.
When a photon is passed through a polarizer, there is a chance that it'd be deviated by external circumstances.
You never know, no two polarizers are exactly same ( by same, I mean upto the quantum scale).
This experiment can never be conducted in real life to get accurate results because even slightest of the deviation could result in drastic changes in results, which would appear to be "random", when actually it's not.
Hidden variables does not mean experimental variation. You can show your experimental error is much much less than the difference between 33% and 25%. There is not an 8% experimental error. It is orders of magnitude lower than that. You can easily show your experimental errors by using a bunch of different polarizers and calculating the variation in your results.
Best teacher for a reason
That "proof" sounds like total BS TBH.
13:35 When someone makes you fool twice 🤣🤣🤣
Read more
Lol
Lol
I've been fooled by this comment thrice... Don't ask how 🤦
Someone call Penn & Teller.
I got once,the readmore got me
Teacher : Which string moves??
Me : I'm thinking.
Me after this video: I'm thinking
Hey
Hey
Hey
Hey
Hey
Hey
Interesting stuff. I came to understand that the premise of two polarizing filters could have a photon blocking effect and allow no light through, when I was a lot younger. Two polarizing filters can have a selective blocking effect on the photons. I believe that an eye with amblyopia would benefit, at least partially, from an angular adjustment of two polarizing filters. Those "paddles" with holes at the optometrist have the pinholes too far apart to help correct vision. They primarily identify the problem, and correct nothing. -Ron
Mr. Quantum Mechanics: action man with a beard
hello
No im noy gonna
xX_DINOmonter_Xx and friends learn to spell
xX_DINOmonter_Xx and friends
dont even reply ur like 8 yrs old
CraZY 420 GaMinG rlly? don’t advertise urself on my comment
@@Sparezacc I have more subs then u and all u do is stand still and get kicked in the nut
This was so cool! I'm glad I found that short^^
3rd
Thanks for explaining this. Cleared up some confusion I had.
2nd
ur not
im second
Maybe
@@Sparezacc i ahve more subs then u
Your reaction when both strings went up was gold XD
Could the loss be attributed to the fact that we live in a imperfect world and air or an imperfect polarizer or something may have messed with or absorbed the photons which could change the results
It's a big assumption that when photon goes through a polarizer it that is still has the same polarization as before. With a single photon that experiment can mean that either there's no hidden variables and it's just random or that after each filter it get polarized in the direction of that filter. With two entangled photons that pass at almost the same time through filters separated by 'long' distance it can mean that either those photons have definite states and change their polarization together - influencing each other faster than the speed of light would allow - or that it's really just a random chance based on the angle of the filters. So you can choose which answer you like more. I'm in the team of non locality and non local entanglements being the most fundamental mechanism of how the universe works. For example a photon passing through a filter is getting entangled with the filter and can then only be described as a wave function including both photon and the filter.
What if there is more polarization states than that? Or maybe there is some other type of photon that behaves differently but looks exactly the same. Or maybe a different particle entirely that behaves very similar to photons but not exactly the same, so we confuse it with photons. My point is that I could probably think of a lot of other hidden variables that could exist besides just that. There still could be something that we’re not thinking of besides just the things you listed. And when I think about how complicated the universe is, and how many times we have got things wrong about science in the past that we thought couldn’t possibly be wrong, I think it’s very likely that there’s still something we’re missing.
And immediately my brain went to a complicated system of gears and pulleys inside this tube. Amazing how elegant and simple your solution is.
Good explanation.
Came for the magic, stayed for the physics.
Love ur t-shirt
But most lived is ur teaching
🥰🥰
That was the best explanation I've seen for this. Surprisingly simple too.
Such a handy video! Thanks for investing the time 😃
I figured it out before you explained it. Omg im so proud
Thank you @TheActionLab for the awesome content! I've been wondering about a variation of the hidden variables theory. It seems to me that the polarization filter experiment only disproves such hidden variables that remain the same after passing through a filter. But wouldn't it still be possible that since a photon has a changed polarization upon passing a filter, it also has changed hidden variables? What I mean is that in the video you talk about predetermined information regarding all three filters, but couldn't that information in the photon change after passing through a filter, just like the photon's polarization changes?
If we have filters A, B and C such that A is 0 degrees, B is 90 degrees and C is 45 degrees, then having only A and B would block 100% of photons. But putting C in between A and B lets some photons through because C changes their polarization, after which they are no longer at a 90-degree angle to B. So couldn't it still mean that there indeed is 'something deterministic' in a photon that determines whether or not it goes through the first filter, and if it does go through, it has that 'something deterministic' changed along with its polarization?
is there a possibility that there might be another polarization angle that isn’t being accounted for that would result in that 0.25?
The content this guy makes is so great! He is a super smart guy and does the craziest things with all the science experiments and more!
I thought that it was that if you hold the string on the other side fr the top the one you're pulling goes in a straight line and when you're not holding the string on the other side, the string on the other side goes up.
Close enough I guess?
Yay, I guessed right when watching the shorts video!
This moment when you`re so proud of yourself `cause you finally had an answer 100% correctly before you got a solution. unbelievable nice
Action lab is the best. Lots of love ❤️ and support from INDIA. Keep it up
What if there's two hidden variables? One that encodes the polarization and another that sometimes turns it on or off? Also, what about circular polarizations?
The experiment has been done many times. Same results every time.