How are Bit Error Rate (BER) and Symbol Error Rate (SER) Related?

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  • Опубликовано: 11 ноя 2024

Комментарии • 36

  • @andyperez3001
    @andyperez3001 3 года назад +7

    This deserves more views. Extremely helpful!

  • @MyLordaizen
    @MyLordaizen 3 года назад +5

    you talk about all the points that lectures and even books sometimes miss. Well done sir. Waiting for a video on PA linearity and saturation and effects on ACLR EVM etc

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  3 года назад +1

      Thanks for you comment, and the suggested topics. I've added those to my "to do" list (although it's getting quite long, ...)

  • @ILoveKai0127
    @ILoveKai0127 8 месяцев назад

    You are a born teacher! Thank you so much!

  • @chunam9741
    @chunam9741 Год назад

    Thank you so much for the clear explanation (as always in your videos). Are Bit Error Rate and Bit Error Ratio the same? Thanks

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  Год назад

      I've never heard anyone use the term "Bit Error Ratio".

  • @hello-rv6fv
    @hello-rv6fv 11 месяцев назад

    Thank you sir your courses are very helpful. in a previous course you made about relation between error probability and Q function, which was very clear by the way, and in this topic you are speaking about BER, the Q function form represanting the probability of error is different from that of the BER. How do we get to that form related to the SNR ?

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  11 месяцев назад

      This video might help: "What are SNR and Eb/No?" ruclips.net/video/bNYvXr6tzXQ/видео.html

    • @hello-rv6fv
      @hello-rv6fv 11 месяцев назад

      No I was wondering how to find the relationship between Q((a-mean)/sigma) and Q(sqrt(Ed/N))

    • @hello-rv6fv
      @hello-rv6fv 11 месяцев назад

      ​@@iain_explains
      and that formula differs between antipodal and non-antipodal

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  9 месяцев назад

      Not sure if this helps, but it might be worth watching this video: "How are erf(.), Q(.), and Gaussian Tails Related?" ruclips.net/video/6VBRoJj7aJQ/видео.html

  • @ciano5475
    @ciano5475 4 года назад

    I'm looking forward to seeing the video on Trellis encoding.

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  4 года назад +1

      Here's the link to the Trellis Coding video: ruclips.net/video/rnjy4_gXLAg/видео.html

  • @mrazzaghpour
    @mrazzaghpour Год назад

    I have a long-standing question: What is the relationship between SER, as a function of SNR, and Channel Capacity, again, as a function of SNR? Suppose the channel capacity in a given SNR0 is 10 Mbps, meaning in that SNR0 we can send 10 Mega bits every second "error-freely". However, if in that SNR0, the SER is 10^-5, it means we will have some error! I guess this "paradox" is related to channel coding, but I do not know how.

    • @mrazzaghpour
      @mrazzaghpour Год назад

      I guess this video is an answer to my question: ruclips.net/video/P0WY96WBUyA/видео.html

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  Год назад +1

      Great question. This is not a "paradox" though. If, at a certain SNR, the SER is 10^-5, then it means that you are either sending at a rate that is above the capacity, or you are using a modulation-and-coding scheme that is not "optimal". You can think of drawing a box around the transmitter, channel, and detector/receiver, and then modelling that as a single "overall channel" that is a binary-symmetric-channel (BSC), with cross-over bit-error probability given by the SER of 10^-5. Then you can calculate the capacity of that BSC. Perhaps this video will help: "What are Channel Capacity and Code Rate?" ruclips.net/video/P0WY96WBUyA/видео.html

  • @MagicGirlsOnly
    @MagicGirlsOnly 2 года назад

    Great Video!

  • @aetrew5499
    @aetrew5499 4 года назад

    Can you do one on how BER and SNR are related as well? Thanks.

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  4 года назад +2

      Thanks for the suggestion. I've just uploaded a video on this topic. Check it out: ruclips.net/video/vtJ6mAy3xMc/видео.html

    • @aetrew5499
      @aetrew5499 4 года назад +1

      @@iain_explains Thanks a lot Iain, that video really helped.

  • @bobbaberson3654
    @bobbaberson3654 2 года назад

    I am a bit confused with the SER. Aren't P (N>1) and P(|N|>1) overlapping probabilities? If so calculating it twice sounds incorrect to me. Can you please elaborate on that a bit?

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  2 года назад

      The term P (N>1) relates to the symbols that are at the levels -3 and +3, and the term P(|N|>1) relates to the symbols that are at the levels -1 and +1. You need to calculate the probability of making a symbol error for each of the possible symbols, and then multiply by the probability of sending that signal, and then add them together. Since there is symmetry in this case, adding the four terms (each multiplied by 1/4) is the same as writing just the two terms I showed (where the multiple is 1/2).

    • @bobbaberson3654
      @bobbaberson3654 2 года назад

      @@iain_explains Thanks for the clarification. I think my mistake was that I assumed save noise variation can be applied/considered for all symbols.

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  2 года назад

      Well, the same noise variance _is_ considered for all symbols.

    • @bobbaberson3654
      @bobbaberson3654 2 года назад

      @@iain_explains Now I feel just stupid :D.... If we assume the noise variance is the same for all symbols, then we can just have one probability for |P|>1, regardless of the symbol. If the questions is too dumb, feel free to ignore it.

  • @darshanmanjunathraochawan2635
    @darshanmanjunathraochawan2635 2 года назад

    Then BER and SER are not the same? When I do in MATLAB both give the same results as the error number is 3.
    Suppose A = [1 0 0; 0 1 0] , B = [0 1 0; 1 1 0]. Both biterr and symerr gives same results. Here u explained both are different, how come?

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  2 года назад

      Sorry, I'm not sure what your example is relating to. However, I can tell you that if the digital modulation is binary, then the BER and SER will be the same, since there is only one bit per symbol.

  • @ai9755
    @ai9755 2 года назад

    P(1

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  2 года назад +2

      Yes, but two bits are being transmitted per "symbol", and only one of them is in error in that situation (so that's why the probability of "symbol error" needs to be multiplied by 1/2 in order to get the probability of "bit" error).

    • @ai9755
      @ai9755 2 года назад

      @@iain_explains First: Thank you for your reply
      Second: According to my understanding, P(1

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  2 года назад +1

      I think you're not quite understanding. If a 00 was sent, and a 01 was received, this is because the noise was in the range 1

    • @ai9755
      @ai9755 2 года назад +1

      Thank you
      You explained the idea in an excellent way.

  • @fatimasheraz8235
    @fatimasheraz8235 2 года назад

    how this is 5?

    • @iain_explains
      @iain_explains  2 года назад +1

      I assume you mean the number 5 in the BER expression. Well that term corresponds to when a 00 is sent and a 10 is received. In this case, the "sent symbol" level is -3 and the "received symbol" level is greater than 2. So it means the noise must have been greater than 5.