Plough the Field in the Mountain Village|Turn Up the Field with a Plow||Tillage in Nepal|||

A plough or (US) plow (both pronounced /plaʊ/) is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting. Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses but modern ploughs are drawn by tractors. A plough may have a wooden, iron or steel frame with a blade attached to cut and loosen the soil. It has been fundamental to farming for most of history. The earliest ploughs had no wheels; such a plough was known to the Romans as an aratrum. Celtic peoples first came to use wheeled ploughs in the Roman era.
The prime purpose of ploughing is to turn over the uppermost soil, bringing fresh nutrients to the surface while burying weeds and crop remains to decay. Trenches cut by the plough are called furrows. In modern use, a ploughed field is normally left to dry and then harrowed before planting. Ploughing and cultivating soil evens the content of the upper 12 to 25 centimetres (5 to 10 in) layer of soil, where most plant feeder roots grow.
Ploughs were initially powered by humans, but the use of farm animals is considerably more efficient. The earliest animals worked were oxen. Later, horses and mules were used in many areas. With the Industrial Revolution came the possibility of steam engines to pull ploughs. These in turn were superseded by internal-combustion-powered tractors in the early 20th century. The Petty Plough was a notable invention for ploughing out orchard strips in Australia in the 1930s.
Use of the traditional plough has decreased in some areas threatened by soil damage and erosion. Used instead is shallower ploughing or other less-invasive conservation tillage.
The plough appears in one of the oldest surviving pieces of written literature, from the 3rd millennium BC, where it is personified and debating with another tool, the hoe, over which is better: a Sumerian disputation poem known as the Debate between the hoe and the plough.
हलो (अन्य नाम: फाली, अङ्ग्रेजी: Plough [UK], Plow [US])जमीन जोत्ने प्रयोग गरिने कृषि औजार हो । यसको सहायताले बीउ छर्नु भन्दा पहिले जमीनको आवश्यक तयारी गरिन्छ । कृषिमा प्रयुक्त औजारहरूमा हलो सबै भन्दा प्राचीन हो, हलो कुनै न कुनै रूपमा इतिहासमा प्रचलित पाइएको छ । हलोले जमिनको माथिल्लो सतहलाई पल्टाइन्छ । जसले नयाँ पोषक तत्व माथी आउने गर्छ तथा खर-पतिङ्गर एवं बालीका डाँठ आदि जमीनमा दबिन्छन् । यी दबिएका खर पतिङ्गरहरू कुहिएर मलको रूपमा परिवर्तन हुन्छन् । जमिन जोत्नाले जमीनमा हवाको प्रवेश पनि हुन्छ जसले गर्दा जमीनमा आद्रता (चिसोपना) बनाइ राख्ने शक्ति बढ्छ । हलो गोरु जोत्दा गोरुले तान्ने काठ या फलामबाट बनाइएको औजार हो जसको टुप्पामा सियो अथवा फाली रहेको हुन्छ । हलो ठाउँ अनुसार फरक फरक प्रकारको हुन्छ ।
हलो जोत्ने व्यक्तिलाई हली भन्दछन् । नेपालमा विशेष गरी गोरु अथवा राँगाले हलो तानेको पाइन्छ । धान रोप्ने खेतमा पहिलो पटक जोत्नुलाई बाँझो मार्नु, दोस्रो पटक जोत्नुलाई राँटा मार्नु, तेस्रो पटक जोत्नुलाई हिल्याउनु र चौथो पटक जोत्नुलाई दाँदे लाउनु भनिन्छ । पाखा बारीमा डल्ला फुटाउन लिडुल्को लाईन्छ । जुवामा लामो डोरी बाँधेर लिडुल्कामा अड्काइन्छ र त्यसमाथि हली चडेर गोरु अथवा राँगा धपाएपछि थिचिएर डल्ला फुट्छ ।
हल्लोको महत्व
हल्लो बाली उब्ज्याउने आधारभूत औजार हो। यो बालीको लागि बिउ तयार गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। कक्षा नौ का विद्यार्थीको भनाइ...
हल्लोको प्रयोग माटो पल्टाउन बालीको अवशेष गाड्न र झारपाक नियन्त्रण गर्न यसको प्रयोग गरिन्छ। जमिन जोत्नाले जमिनमा हावा प्रवेश हुन्छ जसले गर्दा जमिनमा आद्रात(चिसोपना) बनाइराख्ने शक्ति बढ्छ
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