Just returned from a visit to Egypt, including a climb inside the Great Pyramid to the King's chamber. An experience of a lifetime. Normally, I suffer a bit from claustrophobia, but I didn't let that hold me back in this case. I could have spent hours there absorbing the many mysteries of this beautiful edifice Stunning, actually. Utterly amazing.
@@juniorballs6025 Just the three of us from our tour group, and a young couple meditating in the Kings Chamber. The morning there bordered on a religious experience. Really powerful vibes coming from those limestone and granite walls!
Just stumbled upon your videos a few days ago. Never spend a single thought on Egyptology. Now I just can’t get enough of it. Please continue making these videos
Finally, some real investigation on these very important elements. It's hard to believe that the portcullis hasn't received greater attention. Very much looking forward to your proposed episode on this. Great channel. No nonsense and an overruling rationality in your conclusions. Thanks!
Very good. Very informative. Excellent on the correct preservation attitude. This has lasted for so many generations and should be preserved for as many future generations. Thanks.
I always wondered, where were the portcullis stones. Your research makes good sense and I agree that the stones need to be recovered, documented, conserved, and even reconstructed if possible. Thanks for the excellent and thought provoking video.
Your vids and conclusions are of an excellent standard. I have 2 hypotheses: 1 That the grand King's passage way was used to rope-lift the huge granite blocks by using baskets filled with sand as counterweights to enable lifting of the huge blocks, and the smaller limestone blocks too. Thick ropes and thick cedar wood round trunks to act as rollers, would bear the weight. This would explain why the ceiling of the King's passage way is so inexplicably high. 2 The small square passage ways leading to the outside of the pyramid were sighting passages used by the pyramid's engineers during construction to ensure that each level of blocks laid were exactly level on at least the two sides of the pyramid. It would be disastrous to lay a level of blocks only to find that one side was 5 centimetres higher than the other side! The way it worked was that a container filled with water was placed in an exact position in the King's chamber so that it could be viewed by observers down the two passage ways. A light was shone down passage way A, and it's reflection from the perfectly flat water surface in the container observed at passage way B. Simultaneously with viewing the water reflection, the B observers would also observe the same shone light across the flat, empty surface of the block level they were on. All the angles of the resulting triangle would be measured. This would be repeated with A becoming B. It would then be basic trigonometry to determine the length of all the sides of the triangle. If one side was longer than it should be, then that side was too high in comparison with the other side. Adjustments to the height of the blocks to be laid on the new level could then be made to offset the discrepancy before laying them.
nice theory but as an MD I think of these objections: ever tried looking into a 'tunnel' that small that has a length of a few meters, let alone tens of meters? 'tunnel' vision is lit and fig apparent.. + 'shining a light..' you mean sunreflection from a polished object then? possibly seen inside, no way your sun adapted/bright outside mydriatic eye could spot a reflection that far down in the dark but nice hypothesis and open mind way of thinking!
@@ZILLION4EVER Such measurements would be done at night. A single candle is visible at night by more than a mile away. The reflecting liquid need not be water, but could be mercury, but I think water would be quite adequate to observe the reflection, even if very faint. The night-time stars may have been useful for the measurement operation as well. It would be nice if HFG could show the alignments of the shafts looking DOWN from the top of the pyramids, instead of being always shown from a side view.
I have always wondered why, with all the discussions about how "brilliant" the finished pyramids were, why haven't they re-polished one side of one of the remaining limestone casing blocks to end the discussions. I was so pleased when I heard that hawass was no longer "in charge" of the ongoing research in Egypt. He did more harm than good in my view.
no "repolish" yes to investigate hawass for possible "sales" whatever $$ he is hiding no egyptian will Ever get one penny. as usual. he should be open to checks ...
@@jefflund9134 to get some small idea of what the whole shebang could look like shiny (and white)...? I'm not sure the buildings of Cairo would give the impression of that - huge flat triangle gleaming in the sunlight? If you have an imagination it might be even more awesome than they are right now?
I was in Egypt in the early '60's and in the Great Pyramid a number of times. The loose stone fragment referenced in the King's Chamber was still present, and had been pushed up against the close wall at the long end of sarcophagus (believe that would be the north wall). While out of place it appeared to have been intentionally placed to block the access to the "free" block in the wall. The floor penetrations were covered but still accessible. The (other) stones from the floor penetrations had long been removed from the pyramid, as had the lid to the sarcophagus. The guides had no stories to justify the existence or placement of the fragment. The fragment was the same red granite as the chamber and the exposed surfaces did not match the finish of either the walls or floor. The fragment was oddly and heavily damaged, with substantial portions having been chiseled away; while what remained was still large enough to be unmovable, it was obvious it had always been smaller than the stones in the wall, and it did not apparently fit the area of the two missing stones from the floor penetrations.
I love anecdotes like this, thank you for sharing! Presumably the chiseled side is face down now in the floor, which is where the most useful information would be.
@@HistoryforGRANITE That could be... the surface of the fragment on which the fragment was resting was an unknown which might have matched the floor or wall surfaces. The five sides which were exposed were equally finished and were smooth, but finished at a level below the floor or walls.
@@jimdillinger7757 The fragment did not appear to be a piece of the broken lid of the sarcophagus. The cover is completely missing and would have been a massive piece. Assuming the lid had fit and finish at least equal to the sarcophagus which is completely smooth other than the scratches of tourists, the fragment did not match the level of fit and finish. The sarcophagus is also a unique deeply lustrous stone and assuming the lid was the same stone, the fragment again did not match. The fragment also did not match what would be the rough dimensions of the lid or the possible dimensions of a portion of the lid... the fragment was too thick to match the style of the sarcophagus, and too short to span across the short side of the sarcophagus.
Excellent factual video and my shared opinions of exposing this information publicly and leaving ancient ruins as they are found, and not corrupting them with misleading reconstructive contaminating influences. Keep up the great work ! Peace & Love ❤️
I think the ‘well shaft’ and grotto are a really interesting and often passed over aspect of the pyramid. The digging of that shaft by hand is an absolutely staggering feat of work. Plus, the people digging it knew exactly where the shaft was heading too, that’s amazing in itself. It’s not by accident that it runs exactly down to the descending passage. And I believe it MUST have been built from the top digging downward, because to start at the bottom and swing hammers upward for the length of that shaft would be basically an impossible task. Just think how quickly even the fittest man would tire out swinging hammers upwards in the dark, or blindfolded to save their eyes from the millions of stone chips? You’d need a fairly large group of Olympians each taking over from each other every five minutes. Definitely top down! Great channel by the way. 👍🇬🇧
@@TheGreatest1974 it’s 28 inches square, so definitely not enough room for men to dig it. Many theories that it was the first part of the pyramid and built before the rest of it. The stones around the grotto actually support the stones in the shaft so it had to be built first, so if that’s the case then the lowest section and the grotto are the oldest parts of the pyramid and not the other way around like that idiot hawas believes and spews to everyone. I wonder how they built that!!! AND WHY! 😩 barely enough room for a full grown man to fit! Let alone dig unless they employed an army of midgets 😂 I wonder if there is a spring in the grotto as believed by some that brought water up.
I don't think they need to dig it, they can just keep the well " unfilled " when the ancient egyptians piling up blocks around it and smoothing the surface in the process
@bina nocht what are you talking about? Coal mines are gigantic when you get to the bottom and the go in an elevator usually or walk in. Just google pictures of coal mines… They dug this out of granite, I doubt a boy could do that and if he could there’s almost not enough room to do literally anything at all. Going down 20-30ft or however long it is is much different than going in and out a window.
Great presentation. I appreciate your focus on the less than published {or noticed} aspects. I would love to see your views on both the Dixon relics and the Giza foundation platforms. Keep up the fantastic work no matter where you aim next.
Brilliant. I would love it if the Egyptian experts saw this video of yours and thought about how they might learn from the insights of those who saved the granite fragments for future investigators to unravel. If they could do the same, wherever they are working, the process of truly unravelling the past can be handed down form generation to generation. Patching up is not the real task; saving clues is what counts.
I can't believe certain blocks have been removed or moved from the main chamber etc, especially as there seems to be no clarity as to where they have been moved to. I think that when these things happen and are not documented properly or openly, then this creates a knowledge vacum that allows dubious ideas from 'alternive historians' to take hold. When we see things like this happening it's very easy to come to the conclusion that things are stage managed to give a certain agendad modern view of history.
😀 Amazing! In all my years of researching Giza plateau pyramids, i’d never come across 3 of the items in this video. Excellent job. Thanks very much for adding to my knowledge 😀
Your channel is amazing. In it, you talk about details that always go unnoticed, even for those of us who have been fond of Egypt and its history for years. Thank you for directing my attention to them.
@02:06 I recall reading somewhere the block you're asking about was the original stone that blocked the current entry way to the Kings chamber. As far as I know know of no one knows what happened to it. GOOD WORK👌☀️
That’s amazing, I had no idea the Portcullis slabs still existed! They should be in the museum and even make a replica to demonstrate how clever they were!
To add, I think a material analysis would go well with that model. What sort of rope would lift suck blocks. What was their weight? Portcullis of this scale look to be at least 3 tonnes, but its difficult to gain scale here. First time I have 'seen' such examples ever. Astonishing work. Can you imagine the air movement generated by a falling section of stone, and the noise?
My favorite part of these videos is the rather barbed digs at Zahi Abass Hawass 😂. The content is incredible and I thank you for it, but the Hawass poking is just too glorious.
Wow! Thank you for such an insightful and articulate investigation! I rarely subscribe to a new channels, especially after viewing just one video. Well done, I look forward to watching more of your content.
Excellent video and analysis, thank you! Curious about what you think about the way the boreholes are done in granite. I hope you find it interesting as a topic for an upcoming video.
Dear Sir, thank you so much for your work! Actual intelligent research, done remotely is extremely difficult and has immensely impressed me. I have been binge watching your episodes and it is some of the best content I have ever seen on RUclips . Ever since the tragic death of Nick Barksdale of The Study of Antiquity and The Middle Ages I have been searching for a suitably intelligent channel to replace his brilliant work. Thank you for providing me with the historical content which I crave! Friendly greetings from Central Tilba, NSW Australia!
Thank you from all us Armchair Egyptologists . Just came across the channel and so far love it. One criticism: the vids are so well done their relatively short length does not allow, imo, the viewer to fully engage. I agree with you that small items, overlooked, are really all we have left to work from. And yes, I also agree that the tag team of Hawass and Learner has overlooked more that it has discovered, apart from millions of fish scales. Sadly, and especially with the usual suspects back in charge, the Ministry of Antiquities seems more concerned with filling the New museum rather than investigating what they have It's an embarrassment of riches.
The videos may be "short", but RUclips is not the forum for hour long indepth study. I am loving these videos as someone who has been interested in the Pyramids all my life, but ultimately know very little. There's enough information presented, in "bite size" snacks that I can happily sit down and enjoy without needing to commit a huge chunk of time which I never seem to find.
Amazing job with this video. There has to be more old texts about the pyramids out there. The mysteries and opinions about these monuments must have been rigorously documented for at least 4 centuries.
Just struck me that perhaps the Pharaohs wanted there to be an air of mystery surrounding the pyramids. Adds to the spectacle, and would potentially keep the thieves away for longer. Just a thought 🤠
@@juniorballs6025 I kinda feel like the interiors were covered in some nice finish that since then has been removed. Wouldn't be surprised if it was decorative.
@@hibernative The original finish is highly polished glass smooth stone; in a remarkable contrast to the tendencies of Ancient Egyptians, there is no decorative embellishment, paint or hieroglyphics.
@@jpx1508 Yeah I read that the tunnels passageways were originally filled to the knees with the limestone walls crumbling and piling. Very hard to imagine how it looked originally, before human, animal and environmental wear.
This is the 2nd video of yours I have watched today, and as an avid fan of the pyramids and Egyptian antiquity I love your work. You got a like and also my sub
Khufu's portcullis deserves more recognition. It's a significant chunk of technology and a close forensic analysis may shed light on the technolgical capabilities of the Old Kingdom Egypians: if they could do X then they were capable of Y. Tomb robbers are indifaticable to a point. They never lift a finger beyond achieving their goal. If they had to shatter the portcullis slabs then so be it, but where are the rest of the fragments? Surely they were not all reduced to souvenir size.
Question: if those holes in the granite plugs were for ropes, for lifting, then it should be safe to assume we have evidence of rigging points in the structure above. There would be a series of pulley blocks and probably a change of direction or two, so there should be evidence of bull rings or their mounting points left within the structure above. Is there any evidence of this? Forgive the terminology. The rigging part I understand due to the nature of my work, but everything to me is just a “granite plug”. Great video
I watched a program that suggested te grand gallery was esdientaly a machine where heavy logs attached to ropes were rolled down the a short lip on the sides to provide mechanical advantage and move the blocks in a spiral pattern that winds up the pyramid, meaning fewer people were needed to move the blocks up and in place. Kinda like a counter balance. We know that there are rubble uncarved and unfaceted large rocks in areas between the shared quarried stone blocks..this theroy of how the grand gallery was essentialy a machine used to construct the pyramid qnd not a room realy at all in the convencial sense..they theroised this is howthe huge granite blocks in the kings chamber were put in place..the missing corner in the Great pyramid makes sense as these corners would need to be left open during construction and then acted as access points to fill this spiral ramp with ruble when construction was completed. They even found remnants of both wood and grease on these short lips in the grand gallery they believe the large wood logs rolled down when pulling the blocks up this ramp..in the 1970s some tech was used by a French archeologist to image density in the pyramid and it showed a less dense spiral going all the way up the pyramid. The person that came up with this theroy of the purpose of the grand gallery formed this theroy long before the imaging of the spiral was rediscovered in the Frenchman analysis Ling after he had already formed this theroy..this could play into what's being discussed in this viedo
A huge fan of your perspective on this subject. I have always questioned the narrative, because it always felt incomplete. But I never felt like it was aliens! So thank you for a down to earth examination.
Very well narrated documentary with clear and precise explanations. I think you will get close to understanding the purpose of these constructions using this kind of logic and taking nothing for granted.
I enjoyed the information you gave about the pyramid and some of its functions.. I believe that history needs more open minded people as yourself to keep the thought and imagination of the future youths engaged. Thank you again and I would love to hear more about the what was, the what could have been and the truth… well done my friend… well done
I’m sure that there are many things that may be discovered by investigating the rubble around the pyramids I love your videos and all of your insights I’ve been hooked on Egypt for a long time and it’s like you are opening my eyes for the first time. Keep it up.
Q: Why do they call the two upper chambers the King's and Queen's chambers? Aren't there three smaller Queen's Pyramids outside? The answer is the ceiling on each of these two chambers. They are named due to the tents Kings and Queens used. You see, queens did not have an upper flat sheet of cloth across their tent. Kings did. So when entering these two chambers, the people experiencing them first hand named them based upon the interior of royal tents that were used at the time. So? Why are there two upper chambers and a lower chamber to place the pharaoh for his final resting? The answer lies in the ancient Egyptian Religion and their belief in the transition into the afterlife and the Ba Bird. The subterranean chamber was discarded as the underground water table flowing in the direction of the Nile, kept filling it with water, making it unusable for the Pharaoh. BUT, it turned out to be a great way to gain access to fresh cool water without carrying it from the polluted Nile River. Thus they added a well to the bottom of this chamber and then made a corridor up and down through the bedrock until it they met, allowing them to use an animal bladder to hoist fresh cool water to the pyramid builders to quench their thirst. BTW, you are spot-on with your analysis of the pyramids and how they were built.
I think the Subteranian chamber was a drain. Water down the descending passage produced vacuum in the well shaft. powering the works up top. 2 vacuum chambers, with stone pistons in the shafts, that have been removed, replaced by Gantenbrink doors. That's why they were polished limestone shafts, why there was a niche in the bottom (stopping point.) why the king's chamber had a lip to keep the last stone from getting pulled in under vacuum. The stone ball found was a check ball to cover an orifice to slow the machine when released to the down position.The pistons pulled ropes outside , north and south 2 exterior cranes with ropes and a spool. The well shaft ports right up to where the 2 chambers split. Invisible vacuum power.
The politics surrounding the great pyramids are one of the biggest insults to human intelligence on this planet. The beurocracy disgusts me. And I'm not an educated person 😂 xx
I would like to extend my life expectancy just to follow the discoveries or theories of archaeologists about the great pyramid. Over the year since as a child a read about the discovery of the pit next to the pyramid housing the solar boat. I never overlooked any literature about the pyramid, it seems to it is an unsolvable mystery.
I haven't really heard anyone talk about the port caulis area in the great pyramid so I would be interested to watch a vid on that if you make one. These granite pieces were probably part of much larger plugs, but the drill holes don't look like they go all the way through the stone so they could not be used to put rope through. They are a bit of a mystery.
Thank you for this and all other extremely profound videos. Can you make a video on the Cheops pyramid northeast corner at mid height elevation? There is a opening which gives clues to a internal spiral construction. Greetings and keep up the extraordinary work.
Having watched a video on the notch you describe, I was surprised to see "rubble" chambers incorporated into the pyramid construction. I had been under the assumption that the pyramids were all block all through. Definitely curious to the use and extent of these features.
@@homefrontforge "I had been under the assumption that the pyramids were all block all through. " Even a cursory examination of the more worn away areas of the exterior show that the inner layers beyond the casing and first course of stone behind it are much less ordered and often uses rubble and stone chips to fill cracks. It's a pretty sensible economical use of material when you think about it - and explains a lot about the claimed relative speed of the pyramid construction. It also explains why many smaller pyramids have all but turned to mounds of dust with their casing and outer stone layers removed - the greater the surface area the faster erosion happens. Large, whole (especially smooth) stone blocks decrease the surface area for wind borne sand to erode - it also explains why that one pyramid only has granite casing at the bottom layer - it's the most critical for retaining the others as wind borne sand will hit more further down.
I remember many years ago seeing photos of the gap in the Kings chamber, far right corner. It had been set with many metal bars & a much larger gap than shown in this video. It was stated by some that a corridor was behind, stating it was known there was this corridor & a broken chair was once found behind? With the blocks being granite & that itself being a connection to the Kings chamber, makes me wonder if they were the original stones from that far right corner. New stones now replace the originals, that had been drilled to receive the metal bars. Also, why would the holes in the blocks line up with vertical grooves cut to receive a sliding block?
Always delightful to have some meaningful insight, and logical connections between features that are just sitting there in plain sight and add to common sense understanding of the great pyramid.
I was getting bored out of my scull until 'portcullis' was mentioned and partially shown. This is an item I've never heard mentioned before, and this whole video didn't make any sense whatsoever up until that was mentioned, but then it suddenly started to be interesting and make sense. I'd love to see a video specifically about that feature, which I still don't quite understand, but more importantly, have never heard about before. And btw, with the thousands of videos about the pyramids, I wonder why that feature is never pointed out or explained. So for once I learned something new, except I didn't, because here it was more like a footnote of little importance. Too bad, I feel cheated...
Yes,,,I agree....smells like long time cover-up .....big people,with lots of money broke into these structures long before anyone even dreamed,,,......professionals at the top of the food chain....think of what the museum's do not have !!!!.....seems James bond was a armature when these blokes went there!!!!.....imo.,,,,,,,,shitstorm.
Would be very interested in your opinions on the unfinished obelisk in aswan. The tool marks and the undercutting of the obelisk itself specifically. Thanks.
Great information, thank you! I hope some day we can understand how the tubes were made. Just because we don't understand the method does not mean it was exotic or "alien". If we could bring a cell phone back to the 1700's it would be "magic". Endlessly fascinating for sure.
That's great. Thanks for the awesome vids. Curious Being had an interesting one about the Osiris(i believe) Shafts where i noted the anchor holes drilled down one inside face of the shafts. They are large, numerous and regularly spaced. If modern rails/tracks were bolted into the holes it would have a capacity of several tons. Even if made of bronze. It made me curious a) as to the purpose, and b) wether there would be any metallurgical remnants, residues, or marks remaining to provide more insight. Ideally a broken wedge anchor bolt left in a hole... Cheers!!
It's best not to assume that any marks are of original intent of the builders. Unfortunately the damage done to many ancient Egyptian sites during the Georgian, Victorian and Edwardian eras of Egyptology was a sad mess with little to no method, oversight or even documentation in some cases.
@@mnomadvfx my dear: don't forget about the muzz. remember what is happening TODAY to the last egyptians: the copts.. mm? the muzz Clean out. any temple treasure found in india TODAY is in non-invaded areas.
My husband and I visited Egypt a few years ago! We didn’t go inside the Great Pyramid put I did walk around it. Walking like an Egyptian on a video, having fun!
The granite fragments could be the remains of blocking stones, partially destroyed and left in situ for convenience. Would be a sensible explanation; whether it has merit or not is open to debate.
The most logical, as is the fact that gravity means their original position if different , was probably higher up any non horizontal passageway. That said, over thousands of years, who knows what's gone on.in there.
Well stated, sir, regarding reconstruction. What a shame that apparently important pieces of stone, left intentionally, albeit haphazardly, about the structure, for future archeologists, and those archeologists have deemed them tedious! How much more could we understand about this structure if "the professionals" took the time and care you have taken, to investigate the nuances of this magnificent monument!! Impressive video. Thank you.
My guess: the stones with grooves and boreholes were probably parts of a pulley system to lower objects and other stones down the shaft into chambers below.
Some questions that might inspire you for future videos. Was there a sarcophagus in the Queen's chamber? Does the sarcophagus in the king's chamber move or is it built in to floor? Any opinions if there is a secret door in king's chamber wall? Your opinions on the voids? Why the doors in some of the shafts? What is the writing on the doors and behind the doors? Was the pyramid actually smaller and they expanded it? What is your opinion on the over construction on the relieving chambers? Does the Osiris shaft have anything to do with Khufu? What is the purpose of the grotto? Your reasons for or against if the pyramid was built by Khufu. When was it first looted or was there really nothing inside it? Was there writing on the Queen's chamber ceiling? Why was the underground chamber not finished? Why the small shaft in the underground chamber? Was the queen chamber floor originally granite? What are your thoughts about quarts sand found when holes where drilled next to Queen's chamber? Was a 8 sided pyramid intentional or a construction coincidence? Opinion on the thieves tunnel? Are there any ALT theories about the Great Pyramid you like or dislike? I can go on and on but if maybe this will help with some inspiration for future vids. Sick of all the power plant theories. So I'm personally more interested in the facts and some speculating. Last one. Anything you think egyptologist overlook about the pyramid or might be wrong about?
And don't forget about what old historians wrote about? How salt seemed to coat the walls until about half way the pyramids? All I want is for one of those academics that say they know how the Egyptians bored a perfect hole through sold granite then I might start believing some of what they tell us?
@@bunzeebear2973 I recall a History Channel documentary where two masons tried to make a replica of the Sphinx's nose using the same type of copper chisels the Ancient Egyptians had and they gave up, resorting to modern power tools to finish the job.
Nice job. That was very interesting to contrast different time periods like that. Are you curious why it does not have any wall paintings extoling the Pharaoh and that a group removed the soot or what looked like it that was originally there?
It's not unreasonable to consider if interior chambers originally had painted reliefs. Large mastaba tombs certainly had them. The best reason I can give why Old Kingdom pyramids weren't decorated is that pharaohs had large temples for that sort of thing, whereas everyone else had to use their mastaba.
@@HistoryforGRANITE The pyramid is a super monument to the Pharaoh. It should have at lease something stating who built it.. If it were built as a tomb, do you think it was burned up inside by ancient vandals?
As a guy that has watched hours an hours of ancient Egypt vids i can say that your videos are the kind i enjoy most. The destruction of the pyramids an lack of incite the current High lord master general president all seeing all knowing ruling minister of antiquities Dr. Hawass fails to provide is frustrating. Keep up the good work you have a great channel started cant wait for more.
Another great video If you are interested I have done a series of experiments with dynastic era tools and materials to drill, cut, polish granite. I can give cutting rates and time per square foot. Those tools work really well. Scientists Against Myths channel also has a great channel. Their team has used flint tools for carving and have also made stone vases. They inspired me and have taken the work the work of Denys Stocks further. For instance they discovered the proper way to use the Egyptian flywheel drill to dramatically increase efficiency.
@@HistoryforGRANITE ruclips.net/p/PL47iaGB6hlT5sYZWd_G7sHg9cSRv6WWS6 A playlist of most of my experiments, begins with basics of making the abrasives and polishing, around video 12 is a collection of tube drilling how to’s. After only a few hours I got quite proficient and could maintain 330rpm plus. Which is still the speed for optimal results recommended by modern granite coring companies. We were able to replicate the striations and core tapering seem in ancient examples. In fact those type of signatures are unavoidable by using their drill.
Mate... seriously great vids on this subject. It's the kind of fair dinkum, factual information that a video on the Giza Plateau and the Great Pyramid needs. I have been interested in the Pyramids since I was a kid in primary school ( I'm now 66yo) and whilst having a degree in both Fine Arts and Art History, I have never had comfortable conclusions regarding the Great Pyramid. Always finding more questions than answers lol. You have certainly given me pause for thought on a number of questions that I have always had, and for that, I thank you very much. Seriously, good luck with this channel, and I shall be looking forward to your next vid. Kind regards.
“Comfortable conclusions” indeed! Me either. My intuition screams: this is a tool not a tomb. Ask your electrical engineer friends to analyze the diagram of the passageways. Ask them: “if you didn’t know what this was, what would your best guess be?” Examine the electromagnetic properties of granite. Add geomagnetic energy, properties of gravitational forces and what do you get? (Not a rhetorical question)
No offense, but that was not my meaning. I have absolutely no doubt it was a tomb, what has concerned me was many of the conclusions drawn, often of an architectural nature, and what to me were misconceptions in the archeology that are repeated as canon. Cheers
I was in Cairo 3 times in the early 90s. It was like any dirty street huckster was who you slipped a few $ to, to allow you inside. Most unprofessional, un informative thing I’ve ever experienced. What little information that was gleaned, was totally false of course. Thank you for the insightful and excellent videos.
Brilliantly satisfying video. Khufu's portcullis does indeed need studing. And great suggestion that they are reconstructed in the new grand museum. brilliant.
Interesting, with these newer videos, I can detect a reduction in the slope of the great pyramid, looks like the original slope of the base breaks at a distinct horizontal band around the 35th course, as well as a change in block size. Is there a material transition at this point from granite to smaller limestone blocks?
I'm really happy for the growth of your channel, you absolutely deserve it! I had to struggle for so long for my channel to reach 4k subs, but now things are growing nicely! Keep up the good work, greetings from Belgrade, Serbia!
You should make a video about the discovery of the Big void, that's very interesting! Btw i'm going to mention your channel on my channel, hopefully you will receive some of my subscribers :)
@@pakistaniraveasylum1396 Very scientific use of words. Completely lacking any actual science to elaborate - you might as well have called it Sauron's boom box.
The granite blocks are likely what was left of the portcullis blocking stones. When the shafts were initially unsealed, they bored holes across the stone until it fractured which allowed them to move them. They appear to be the same thickness as the portcullis stones still in place in the bent pyramid.
Is it know whats underneath the king's chambers floor? I've visited the great pyramid last week and Luxor and just like in Luxor some of the floors where fake/blocked with the same time of floor as the king's chambers. Now seeing your pictures it even makes more sense there's something down there..
The hole in the northwest corner only has empty space and rough core masonry visible. There are a couple of photos inside floating around on the web. There’s still a very small round hole they left where they patched it, perhaps to monitor any settlement below.
The block in the King's Chamber was placed under the floor- there's a very large hole (old excavation in the floor in the KC) which they have covered over so tourists don't fall down it, in which they placed the block. I saw a picture of it somewhere but cannot remember exactly where at the moment. Great work matching the block holes to the portcullis slots. There was a false floor at the bottom of the descending passage too that covered the entrance to the Queen's chamber. No doubt alot of fragments and blocks would have been removed during that excavation.
Enjoyed watching this. The holes to me suggest they were machined using a core drill and not done by hand ; The stones look like they could have been used as counter weights for opening and closing ; I have always been intrigued by the pyramids. To me they were a working machine, harmonically in tune with Mother Earth, as well as a celestial tool. Thanks for the video.
"The holes to me suggest they were machined using a core drill and not done by hand" A machine can in fact be powered by human hand 😑, only an inept fool would claim all machines use electric power, the evidence exists in ancient water wheels and windmills all over the world that harness river and wind power to drive machinery. Core/tube drills almost certainly can be operated by hand, in fact they were likely used to excavate all the hard stone like basalt and granite in Egypt. All you need to do is use tube drills to carve out an outline of a shape, and then use a wedge and hammer between the bedrock and the shape to crack it loose from the bedrock with far less effort than it took to make the tube drill holes. Rinse and repeat with several teams of drillers and you could excavate even the massive unfinished obelisk in a reasonable period of time, let alone something much smaller like the Great Pyramid sarcophagus.
I'm pleased to see that most of the old Egyptologist were Italians (as myself) or of Italian origin...If you have a knack for ancient Egypt a visit to Turin Egizio museum is a must.
Still convinced the ancient Egyptian's didn't build the pyramids. That helpful scroll that suddenly turned up in an obscure cave hasn't convinced me either.
3:40 That drawing shows enlarged 3.4mm wide gaps around a ceiling beam in the entrance tunnel right below and perfectly aligned with the recently discovered chevron roofed void/tunnel. That must have been the access shaft to check on how the chevrons were holding up under load before it was sealed when construction was done. Neat.
I have just come back from Egypt. We visited the pyramids at Giza, WOW!! I have watched many documentaries and read books but none of that prepared me for the incredible feeling I had when I saw them! I walked around the pyramid of Khufu, saw the boat pits, which were fascinating. There is an area at the base close to the boat pits that is all granite, it's the only area like this around the whole pyramid and looked totally out place, I can't find any information on it now though and wondered if you could help? Great videos and work, keep it up!
Once again this is refreshingly logical and well thought out analysis of these topics. I'm almost shocked there's no clickbait or specious bs going on... 😂
This is very valuable information. What can the presenter (History for Granite) share with us about how those bore cores (and cores, etc.) were made? I have a little bit of an idea that might be involved, metallurgically speaking. But not really looking to get insulted by RUclipsrs.
@14.00. Probably the granite stones were moving up and down with a counter weight mechanism. The grand gallery could have rolling cylindrical wooden block with ropes, similar to that of winch machine or a rope pulley and it would rolled up and down, that's why the grand gallery is sloped downward on the opposite side of Kings chamber. Also to think that why does the well shaft is at the base of the grand gallery?
I can't wait for your video on the portcullis mechanism and how it might of worked. I think there is a big clue on how the pyramids were built in the portcullis. Thanks
I don’t know how they don’t have people coming through all of these monuments 3D mapping all these things to within at least a couple hundredths of an inch *at least*. There is so much to learn if you don’t presume to know everything.
Clicking on an unknown creator's video on the Giza pyramids, especially mentioning "original purpose" is a real risky watch on greater RUclips. However, I was pleasantly rewarded and you've gained a sub.
Just found this that I think is very interesting, i don't have the book but I have a reference taken from an old forum. Book: Building in Egypt, by Dieter Arnold Quote from forum discussion: ”Arnold shows the use of rollers, rollers found in position below stone blocks. The AE wooden beams used and left in position in previous pyramids. He mentioned the ropes found with Khufu's boat, etc. He describes the materials the rope's were made, and calculate the strain in the ropes, working stresses and breaking force. ”
Just returned from a visit to Egypt, including a climb inside the Great Pyramid to the King's chamber. An experience of a lifetime. Normally, I suffer a bit from claustrophobia, but I didn't let that hold me back in this case. I could have spent hours there absorbing the many mysteries of this beautiful edifice Stunning, actually. Utterly amazing.
Enthusiasm makes the difference!
You lucky person!! Was it quiet in terms of tourists whilst you were there?
@@juniorballs6025 Just the three of us from our tour group, and a young couple meditating in the Kings Chamber. The morning there bordered on a religious experience. Really powerful vibes coming from those limestone and granite walls!
Never happened.
What's something like that cost?
Just stumbled upon your videos a few days ago. Never spend a single thought on Egyptology. Now I just can’t get enough of it. Please continue making these videos
Finally, some real investigation on these very important elements. It's hard to believe that the portcullis hasn't received greater attention. Very much looking forward to your proposed episode on this. Great channel. No nonsense and an overruling rationality in your conclusions. Thanks!
Portcullis = dynamic acoustic/RF filter
Idk videos before this are real investigation...
Very much looking And very pretty too ;)
Agreed David Shelley!
Very good. Very informative. Excellent on the correct preservation attitude. This has lasted for so many generations and should be preserved for as many future generations. Thanks.
I always wondered, where were the portcullis stones. Your research makes good sense and I agree that the stones need to be recovered, documented, conserved, and even reconstructed if possible. Thanks for the excellent and thought provoking video.
Your vids and conclusions are of an excellent standard. I have 2 hypotheses:
1 That the grand King's passage way was used to rope-lift the huge granite blocks by using baskets filled with sand as counterweights to enable lifting of the huge blocks, and the smaller limestone blocks too. Thick ropes and thick cedar wood round trunks to act as rollers, would bear the weight. This would explain why the ceiling of the King's passage way is so inexplicably high.
2 The small square passage ways leading to the outside of the pyramid were sighting passages used by the pyramid's engineers during construction to ensure that each level of blocks laid were exactly level on at least the two sides of the pyramid. It would be disastrous to lay a level of blocks only to find that one side was 5 centimetres higher than the other side!
The way it worked was that a container filled with water was placed in an exact position in the King's chamber so that it could be viewed by observers down the two passage ways. A light was shone down passage way A, and it's reflection from the perfectly flat water surface in the container observed at passage way B. Simultaneously with viewing the water reflection, the B observers would also observe the same shone light across the flat, empty surface of the block level they were on. All the angles of the resulting triangle would be measured. This would be repeated with A becoming B. It would then be basic trigonometry to determine the length of all the sides of the triangle. If one side was longer than it should be, then that side was too high in comparison with the other side. Adjustments to the height of the blocks to be laid on the new level could then be made to offset the discrepancy before laying them.
nice theory but as an MD I think of these objections:
ever tried looking into a 'tunnel' that small that has a length of a few meters, let alone tens of meters? 'tunnel' vision is lit and fig apparent..
+ 'shining a light..' you mean sunreflection from a polished object then? possibly seen inside, no way your sun adapted/bright outside mydriatic eye could spot a reflection that far down in the dark
but nice hypothesis and open mind way of thinking!
@@ZILLION4EVER Such measurements would be done at night. A single candle is visible at night by more than a mile away. The reflecting liquid need not be water, but could be mercury, but I think water would be quite adequate to observe the reflection, even if very faint. The night-time stars may have been useful for the measurement operation as well.
It would be nice if HFG could show the alignments of the shafts looking DOWN from the top of the pyramids, instead of being always shown from a side view.
@@sergemck Aren't at least one of the tunnels bent? Hence no straight line vision.
I have always wondered why, with all the discussions about how "brilliant" the finished pyramids were, why haven't
they re-polished one side of one of the remaining limestone casing blocks to end the discussions. I was so pleased when I heard that hawass was no longer "in charge" of the ongoing research in Egypt. He did more harm than good in my view.
no "repolish" yes to investigate hawass for possible "sales" whatever $$ he is hiding no egyptian will Ever get one penny. as usual.
he should be open to checks ...
the casing is now cairo. what would restoring one side do?
@@jefflund9134 to get some small idea of what the whole shebang could look like shiny (and white)...? I'm not sure the buildings of Cairo would give the impression of that - huge flat triangle gleaming in the sunlight? If you have an imagination it might be even more awesome than they are right now?
I agree, Hawass is a grandstander and egotist.
@@jeffbaxter8770 And a thief.
You are performing a great service to humanity by producing these videos. Thank you.
Thanks for being so grounded in reality and not succumbing to conspiracy theorists explanations of what's being observed 😊
I was in Egypt in the early '60's and in the Great Pyramid a number of times. The loose stone fragment referenced in the King's Chamber was still present, and had been pushed up against the close wall at the long end of sarcophagus (believe that would be the north wall).
While out of place it appeared to have been intentionally placed to block the access to the "free" block in the wall. The floor penetrations were covered but still accessible. The (other) stones from the floor penetrations had long been removed from the pyramid, as had the lid to the sarcophagus. The guides had no stories to justify the existence or placement of the fragment.
The fragment was the same red granite as the chamber and the exposed surfaces did not match the finish of either the walls or floor. The fragment was oddly and heavily damaged, with substantial portions having been chiseled away; while what remained was still large enough to be unmovable, it was obvious it had always been smaller than the stones in the wall, and it did not apparently fit the area of the two missing stones from the floor penetrations.
I love anecdotes like this, thank you for sharing! Presumably the chiseled side is face down now in the floor, which is where the most useful information would be.
Could they be pieces of the broken lid of the sarcophagus?
@@HistoryforGRANITE That could be... the surface of the fragment on which the fragment was resting was an unknown which might have matched the floor or wall surfaces. The five sides which were exposed were equally finished and were smooth, but finished at a level below the floor or walls.
@@jimdillinger7757 The fragment did not appear to be a piece of the broken lid of the sarcophagus.
The cover is completely missing and would have been a massive piece. Assuming the lid had fit and finish at least equal to the sarcophagus which is completely smooth other than the scratches of tourists, the fragment did not match the level of fit and finish. The sarcophagus is also a unique deeply lustrous stone and assuming the lid was the same stone, the fragment again did not match. The fragment also did not match what would be the rough dimensions of the lid or the possible dimensions of a portion of the lid... the fragment was too thick to match the style of the sarcophagus, and too short to span across the short side of the sarcophagus.
@@jimdillinger7757 IF it’s a sarcophagus.
Excellent factual video and my shared opinions of exposing this information publicly and leaving ancient ruins as they are found, and not corrupting them with misleading reconstructive contaminating influences. Keep up the great work ! Peace & Love ❤️
Yes,,,,,,graves are graves,,,,,no matter where they are,,,,,to be left alone,,,,,,and so I thought most of my life,,,,,,,,,..............peace.bro!
I think the ‘well shaft’ and grotto are a really interesting and often passed over aspect of the pyramid. The digging of that shaft by hand is an absolutely staggering feat of work. Plus, the people digging it knew exactly where the shaft was heading too, that’s amazing in itself. It’s not by accident that it runs exactly down to the descending passage. And I believe it MUST have been built from the top digging downward, because to start at the bottom and swing hammers upward for the length of that shaft would be basically an impossible task. Just think how quickly even the fittest man would tire out swinging hammers upwards in the dark, or blindfolded to save their eyes from the millions of stone chips? You’d need a fairly large group of Olympians each taking over from each other every five minutes. Definitely top down! Great channel by the way. 👍🇬🇧
Isn’t the well shaft less than 1ft wide? How did they even do that? A man couldn’t fit inside of there to do any work at all.
@@SpaceHippo420 I think it’s more than a foot wide. Hell of an achievement to dig it though.
@@TheGreatest1974 it’s 28 inches square, so definitely not enough room for men to dig it. Many theories that it was the first part of the pyramid and built before the rest of it. The stones around the grotto actually support the stones in the shaft so it had to be built first, so if that’s the case then the lowest section and the grotto are the oldest parts of the pyramid and not the other way around like that idiot hawas believes and spews to everyone. I wonder how they built that!!! AND WHY! 😩 barely enough room for a full grown man to fit! Let alone dig unless they employed an army of midgets 😂 I wonder if there is a spring in the grotto as believed by some that brought water up.
I don't think they need to dig it, they can just keep the well " unfilled " when the ancient egyptians piling up blocks around it and smoothing the surface in the process
@bina nocht what are you talking about? Coal mines are gigantic when you get to the bottom and the go in an elevator usually or walk in. Just google pictures of coal mines… They dug this out of granite, I doubt a boy could do that and if he could there’s almost not enough room to do literally anything at all. Going down 20-30ft or however long it is is much different than going in and out a window.
Great presentation. I appreciate your focus on the less than published {or noticed} aspects.
I would love to see your views on both the Dixon relics and the Giza foundation platforms. Keep up the fantastic work no matter where you aim next.
Brilliant. I would love it if the Egyptian experts saw this video of yours and thought about how they might learn from the insights of those who saved the granite fragments for future investigators to unravel. If they could do the same, wherever they are working, the process of truly unravelling the past can be handed down form generation to generation. Patching up is not the real task; saving clues is what counts.
I completely agree that the pyramid should be preserved to keep it’s historical significance. Good video and keep them coming. Well done!
Not only should it be preserved it should be restored!
Top layer shoud be removed but thats only my opinion
I can't believe certain blocks have been removed or moved from the main chamber etc, especially as there seems to be no clarity as to where they have been moved to.
I think that when these things happen and are not documented properly or openly, then this creates a knowledge vacum that allows dubious ideas from 'alternive historians' to take hold.
When we see things like this happening it's very easy to come to the conclusion that things are stage managed to give a certain agendad modern view of history.
😀 Amazing! In all my years of researching Giza plateau pyramids, i’d never come across 3 of the items in this video. Excellent job. Thanks very much for adding to my knowledge 😀
Your channel is amazing. In it, you talk about details that always go unnoticed, even for those of us who have been fond of Egypt and its history for years. Thank you for directing my attention to them.
@02:06 I recall reading somewhere the block you're asking about was the original stone that blocked the current entry way to the Kings chamber. As far as I know know of no one knows what happened to it.
GOOD WORK👌☀️
That’s amazing, I had no idea the Portcullis slabs still existed!
They should be in the museum and even make a replica to demonstrate how clever they were!
To add, I think a material analysis would go well with that model. What sort of rope would lift suck blocks. What was their weight? Portcullis of this scale look to be at least 3 tonnes, but its difficult to gain scale here. First time I have 'seen' such examples ever. Astonishing work. Can you imagine the air movement generated by a falling section of stone, and the noise?
My favorite part of these videos is the rather barbed digs at Zahi Abass Hawass 😂.
The content is incredible and I thank you for it, but the Hawass poking is just too glorious.
Wow! Thank you for such an insightful and articulate investigation!
I rarely subscribe to a new channels, especially after viewing just one video. Well done, I look forward to watching more of your content.
Excellent video and analysis, thank you! Curious about what you think about the way the boreholes are done in granite. I hope you find it interesting as a topic for an upcoming video.
one smaller one he did not mention... looked like it was gently curving. ! btw some of the granite bits look Beautiful first class.
I am so glad and honored to be subscribed to this channel. I love your word usage and logical breakdown of the facts. Thank you. Well done.
Dear Sir, thank you so much for your work! Actual intelligent research, done remotely is extremely difficult and has immensely impressed me. I have been binge watching your episodes and it is some of the best content I have ever seen on RUclips . Ever since the tragic death of Nick Barksdale of The Study of Antiquity and The Middle Ages I have been searching for a suitably intelligent channel to replace his brilliant work. Thank you for providing me with the historical content which I crave!
Friendly greetings from Central Tilba, NSW Australia!
Would like to see discussion of why the floor of the King's Chamber is such a mess, why it seems unfinished and why it's on a crazy tilt.
Subsidence is definitely part of the floor having issues, this is the same reason the ceiling beams cracked.
enjoyed vert much that you didnt put a spin on the granite but was honest to the core we need more like you !
Thank you from all us Armchair Egyptologists . Just came across the channel and so far love it. One criticism: the vids are so well done their relatively short length does not allow, imo, the viewer to fully engage. I agree with you that small items, overlooked, are really all we have left to work from. And yes, I also agree that the tag team of Hawass and Learner has overlooked more that it has discovered, apart from millions of fish scales. Sadly, and especially with the usual suspects back in charge, the Ministry of Antiquities seems more concerned with filling the New museum rather than investigating what they have
It's an embarrassment of riches.
The videos may be "short", but RUclips is not the forum for hour long indepth study. I am loving these videos as someone who has been interested in the Pyramids all my life, but ultimately know very little. There's enough information presented, in "bite size" snacks that I can happily sit down and enjoy without needing to commit a huge chunk of time which I never seem to find.
@@johnlarro6872 RUclips is for hours and hours of indepth study just if you want.
@@Rastei Oh I know there's plenty of "full length" content but RUclips rewards short form, I believe 12-15 mins in particular.
Well they are Egyptian, what would you expect. A major historical monument ?
Amazing job with this video.
There has to be more old texts about the pyramids out there. The mysteries and opinions about these monuments must have been rigorously documented for at least 4 centuries.
Just struck me that perhaps the Pharaohs wanted there to be an air of mystery surrounding the pyramids. Adds to the spectacle, and would potentially keep the thieves away for longer. Just a thought 🤠
The pyramids are symbolic mountains with caves just as the temples are symbolic forests. It's all about African culture.
@@juniorballs6025 I kinda feel like the interiors were covered in some nice finish that since then has been removed. Wouldn't be surprised if it was decorative.
@@hibernative The original finish is highly polished glass smooth stone; in a remarkable contrast to the tendencies of Ancient Egyptians, there is no decorative embellishment, paint or hieroglyphics.
@@jpx1508 Yeah I read that the tunnels passageways were originally filled to the knees with the limestone walls crumbling and piling. Very hard to imagine how it looked originally, before human, animal and environmental wear.
This is the 2nd video of yours I have watched today, and as an avid fan of the pyramids and Egyptian antiquity I love your work. You got a like and also my sub
the professionalism of the best kind.
Khufu's portcullis deserves more recognition. It's a significant chunk of technology and a close forensic analysis may shed light on the technolgical capabilities of the Old Kingdom Egypians: if they could do X then they were capable of Y.
Tomb robbers are indifaticable to a point. They never lift a finger beyond achieving their goal. If they had to shatter the portcullis slabs then so be it, but where are the rest of the fragments? Surely they were not all reduced to souvenir size.
Question: if those holes in the granite plugs were for ropes, for lifting, then it should be safe to assume we have evidence of rigging points in the structure above. There would be a series of pulley blocks and probably a change of direction or two, so there should be evidence of bull rings or their mounting points left within the structure above. Is there any evidence of this? Forgive the terminology. The rigging part I understand due to the nature of my work, but everything to me is just a “granite plug”. Great video
Yes there are recessed semi-circle grooves for rollers that would change the direction of force.
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I watched a program that suggested te grand gallery was esdientaly a machine where heavy logs attached to ropes were rolled down the a short lip on the sides to provide mechanical advantage and move the blocks in a spiral pattern that winds up the pyramid, meaning fewer people were needed to move the blocks up and in place. Kinda like a counter balance. We know that there are rubble uncarved and unfaceted large rocks in areas between the shared quarried stone blocks..this theroy of how the grand gallery was essentialy a machine used to construct the pyramid qnd not a room realy at all in the convencial sense..they theroised this is howthe huge granite blocks in the kings chamber were put in place..the missing corner in the Great pyramid makes sense as these corners would need to be left open during construction and then acted as access points to fill this spiral ramp with ruble when construction was completed. They even found remnants of both wood and grease on these short lips in the grand gallery they believe the large wood logs rolled down when pulling the blocks up this ramp..in the 1970s some tech was used by a French archeologist to image density in the pyramid and it showed a less dense spiral going all the way up the pyramid. The person that came up with this theroy of the purpose of the grand gallery formed this theroy long before the imaging of the spiral was rediscovered in the Frenchman analysis Ling after he had already formed this theroy..this could play into what's being discussed in this viedo
Of corse, the so called grand gallery was set up for a pulley system.. let me add to do only certain jobs.
@History for GRANITE
GEEZ ...You'd think with all the blocks, blocking entry into the tomb, the dead didn't want anyone in there ?
A huge fan of your perspective on this subject. I have always questioned the narrative, because it always felt incomplete. But I never felt like it was aliens! So thank you for a down to earth examination.
Your channel is the best thing I have come across as a fair, rational and detailed source of information regarding the great pyramids
Thought-provoking content expertly presented. Another great video, please keep it up
Very well narrated documentary with clear and precise explanations. I think you will get close to understanding the purpose of these constructions using this kind of logic and taking nothing for granted.
I enjoyed the information you gave about the pyramid and some of its functions.. I believe that history needs more open minded people as yourself to keep the thought and imagination of the future youths engaged. Thank you again and I would love to hear more about the what was, the what could have been and the truth… well done my friend… well done
I’m sure that there are many things that may be discovered by investigating the rubble around the pyramids I love your videos and all of your insights I’ve been hooked on Egypt for a long time and it’s like you are opening my eyes for the first time. Keep it up.
Q: Why do they call the two upper chambers the King's and Queen's chambers? Aren't there three smaller Queen's Pyramids outside? The answer is the ceiling on each of these two chambers. They are named due to the tents Kings and Queens used. You see, queens did not have an upper flat sheet of cloth across their tent. Kings did. So when entering these two chambers, the people experiencing them first hand named them based upon the interior of royal tents that were used at the time. So? Why are there two upper chambers and a lower chamber to place the pharaoh for his final resting? The answer lies in the ancient Egyptian Religion and their belief in the transition into the afterlife and the Ba Bird. The subterranean chamber was discarded as the underground water table flowing in the direction of the Nile, kept filling it with water, making it unusable for the Pharaoh. BUT, it turned out to be a great way to gain access to fresh cool water without carrying it from the polluted Nile River. Thus they added a well to the bottom of this chamber and then made a corridor up and down through the bedrock until it they met, allowing them to use an animal bladder to hoist fresh cool water to the pyramid builders to quench their thirst. BTW, you are spot-on with your analysis of the pyramids and how they were built.
Idk if you've seen this, but it's the best explanation on the different chambers I've ever seen.
ruclips.net/video/gBpUU5uqIi8/видео.html
I think the Subteranian chamber was a drain. Water down the descending passage produced vacuum in the well shaft. powering the works up top. 2 vacuum chambers, with stone pistons in the shafts, that have been removed, replaced by Gantenbrink doors. That's why they were polished limestone shafts, why there was a niche in the bottom (stopping point.) why the king's chamber had a lip to keep the last stone from getting pulled in under vacuum. The stone ball found was a check ball to cover an orifice to slow the machine when released to the down position.The pistons pulled ropes outside , north and south 2 exterior cranes with ropes and a spool. The well shaft ports right up to where the 2 chambers split. Invisible vacuum power.
This presentation's narrative content articulate well paced delivery and closely tracked illustrations is an edifying pleasure to climb to the top of.
Excellent video. Continue with your thought-provoking and informative content and your channel will surely grow.
"We must be cautious about our presumptions" ........thank you for that. I only wish other channels on this topic would follow your advice.....
The politics surrounding the great pyramids are one of the biggest insults to human intelligence on this planet. The beurocracy disgusts me. And I'm not an educated person 😂 xx
You are an educated person, your comment demonstrates such. Just not factory educated.
@@Oakdieu thank you. Academically I'm officially a write off
I would like to extend my life expectancy just to follow the discoveries or theories of archaeologists about the great pyramid. Over the year since as a child a read about the discovery of the pit next to the pyramid housing the solar boat. I never overlooked any literature about the pyramid, it seems to it is an unsolvable mystery.
I haven't really heard anyone talk about the port caulis area in the great pyramid so I would be interested to watch a vid on that if you make one. These granite pieces were probably part of much larger plugs, but the drill holes don't look like they go all the way through the stone so they could not be used to put rope through. They are a bit of a mystery.
Mindblowing investigation! Thank you so much for this!
Thank you for this and all other extremely profound videos. Can you make a video on the Cheops pyramid northeast corner at mid height elevation? There is a opening which gives clues to a internal spiral construction. Greetings and keep up the extraordinary work.
Having watched a video on the notch you describe, I was surprised to see "rubble" chambers incorporated into the pyramid construction. I had been under the assumption that the pyramids were all block all through.
Definitely curious to the use and extent of these features.
@@homefrontforge "I had been under the assumption that the pyramids were all block all through. "
Even a cursory examination of the more worn away areas of the exterior show that the inner layers beyond the casing and first course of stone behind it are much less ordered and often uses rubble and stone chips to fill cracks.
It's a pretty sensible economical use of material when you think about it - and explains a lot about the claimed relative speed of the pyramid construction.
It also explains why many smaller pyramids have all but turned to mounds of dust with their casing and outer stone layers removed - the greater the surface area the faster erosion happens.
Large, whole (especially smooth) stone blocks decrease the surface area for wind borne sand to erode - it also explains why that one pyramid only has granite casing at the bottom layer - it's the most critical for retaining the others as wind borne sand will hit more further down.
I agree completely with your statement about humbly preserving what's there today instead of making cosmetic changes.
I remember many years ago seeing photos of the gap in the Kings chamber, far right corner. It had been set with many metal bars & a much larger gap than shown in this video. It was stated by some that a corridor was behind, stating it was known there was this corridor & a broken chair was once found behind? With the blocks being granite & that itself being a connection to the Kings chamber, makes me wonder if they were the original stones from that far right corner. New stones now replace the originals, that had been drilled to receive the metal bars. Also, why would the holes in the blocks line up with vertical grooves cut to receive a sliding block?
Always delightful to have some meaningful insight, and logical connections between features that are just sitting there in plain sight and add to common sense understanding of the great pyramid.
I was getting bored out of my scull until 'portcullis' was mentioned and partially shown. This is an item I've never heard mentioned before, and this whole video didn't make any sense whatsoever up until that was mentioned, but then it suddenly started to be interesting and make sense. I'd love to see a video specifically about that feature, which I still don't quite understand, but more importantly, have never heard about before. And btw, with the thousands of videos about the pyramids, I wonder why that feature is never pointed out or explained. So for once I learned something new, except I didn't, because here it was more like a footnote of little importance. Too bad, I feel cheated...
Yes,,,I agree....smells like long time cover-up .....big people,with lots of money broke into these structures long before anyone even dreamed,,,......professionals at the top of the food chain....think of what the museum's do not have !!!!.....seems James bond was a armature when these blokes went there!!!!.....imo.,,,,,,,,shitstorm.
Unbelievable good work. I was amazed by it. The second time already, thanks Granite!👍
Would be very interested in your opinions on the unfinished obelisk in aswan. The tool marks and the undercutting of the obelisk itself specifically. Thanks.
What you said at the end about a lesson in humidity. I totally agree.
Great information, thank you! I hope some day we can understand how the tubes were made. Just because we don't understand the method does not mean it was exotic or "alien". If we could bring a cell phone back to the 1700's it would be "magic". Endlessly fascinating for sure.
Or just a Bic lighter.
there’s no method to even understand, dynsastic egyptians we’re simply not capable of constructing morterless monuments
This channel is very even-handed in its approach. Good stuff.
That's great. Thanks for the awesome vids.
Curious Being had an interesting one about the Osiris(i believe) Shafts where i noted the anchor holes drilled down one inside face of the shafts. They are large, numerous and regularly spaced. If modern rails/tracks were bolted into the holes it would have a capacity of several tons. Even if made of bronze.
It made me curious a) as to the purpose, and b) wether there would be any metallurgical remnants, residues, or marks remaining to provide more insight. Ideally a broken wedge anchor bolt left in a hole...
Cheers!!
It's best not to assume that any marks are of original intent of the builders.
Unfortunately the damage done to many ancient Egyptian sites during the Georgian, Victorian and Edwardian eras of Egyptology was a sad mess with little to no method, oversight or even documentation in some cases.
@@mnomadvfx my dear: don't forget about the muzz. remember what is happening TODAY to the last egyptians: the copts.. mm?
the muzz Clean out. any temple treasure found in india TODAY is in non-invaded areas.
My husband and I visited Egypt a few years ago! We didn’t go inside the Great Pyramid put I did walk around it. Walking like an Egyptian on a video, having fun!
The granite fragments could be the remains of blocking stones, partially destroyed and left in situ for convenience. Would be a sensible explanation; whether it has merit or not is open to debate.
Perfectly logical explanation.
It seems the simple and logical explanation is usually correct
The most logical, as is the fact that gravity means their original position if different , was probably higher up any non horizontal passageway. That said, over thousands of years, who knows what's gone on.in there.
Well stated, sir, regarding reconstruction. What a shame that apparently important pieces of stone, left intentionally, albeit haphazardly, about the structure, for future archeologists, and those archeologists have deemed them tedious! How much more could we understand about this structure if "the professionals" took the time and care you have taken, to investigate the nuances of this magnificent monument!! Impressive video. Thank you.
I am incredibly impressed! Your knowledge and delivery is absolutely fantastic!
My guess: the stones with grooves and boreholes were probably parts of a pulley system to lower objects and other stones down the shaft into chambers below.
Some questions that might inspire you for future videos. Was there a sarcophagus in the Queen's chamber? Does the sarcophagus in the king's chamber move or is it built in to floor? Any opinions if there is a secret door in king's chamber wall? Your opinions on the voids? Why the doors in some of the shafts? What is the writing on the doors and behind the doors? Was the pyramid actually smaller and they expanded it? What is your opinion on the over construction on the relieving chambers? Does the Osiris shaft have anything to do with Khufu? What is the purpose of the grotto? Your reasons for or against if the pyramid was built by Khufu. When was it first looted or was there really nothing inside it? Was there writing on the Queen's chamber ceiling? Why was the underground chamber not finished? Why the small shaft in the underground chamber? Was the queen chamber floor originally granite? What are your thoughts about quarts sand found when holes where drilled next to Queen's chamber? Was a 8 sided pyramid intentional or a construction coincidence? Opinion on the thieves tunnel? Are there any ALT theories about the Great Pyramid you like or dislike? I can go on and on but if maybe this will help with some inspiration for future vids. Sick of all the power plant theories. So I'm personally more interested in the facts and some speculating. Last one. Anything you think egyptologist overlook about the pyramid or might be wrong about?
And don't forget about what old historians wrote about? How salt seemed to coat the walls until about half way the pyramids?
All I want is for one of those academics that say they know how the Egyptians bored a perfect hole through sold granite then I might start believing some of what they tell us?
Serious question..do you like hamhocks or neckbones in your collard greens 🤔...idk..
@@samacmaca8144 if you are so concerned about holes go watch the videos done by the Scientists Against Myths account which shows you a few ways
@@bunzeebear2973 they were great chefa...many hamhocks and neckbones....mmmph....geo polymer
@@bunzeebear2973 I recall a History Channel documentary where two masons tried to make a replica of the Sphinx's nose using the same type of copper chisels the Ancient Egyptians had and they gave up, resorting to modern power tools to finish the job.
I LEARN SOMETHING NEW EVERYTIME I WATCH THESE VIDEOS, THANK YOU FOR TAKING ME THERE.🙃
Nice job. That was very interesting to contrast different time periods like that. Are you curious why it does not have any wall paintings extoling the Pharaoh and that a group removed the soot or what looked like it that was originally there?
It's not unreasonable to consider if interior chambers originally had painted reliefs. Large mastaba tombs certainly had them. The best reason I can give why Old Kingdom pyramids weren't decorated is that pharaohs had large temples for that sort of thing, whereas everyone else had to use their mastaba.
@@HistoryforGRANITE The pyramid is a super monument to the Pharaoh. It should have at lease something stating who built it.. If it were built as a tomb, do you think it was burned up inside by ancient vandals?
@@mcdowelltw Water damage and salt crystals build up on the limestone, especially where the ventilation is the worst.
As a guy that has watched hours an hours of ancient Egypt vids i can say that your videos are the kind i enjoy most. The destruction of the pyramids an lack of incite the current High lord master general president all seeing all knowing ruling minister of antiquities Dr. Hawass fails to provide is frustrating. Keep up the good work you have a great channel started cant wait for more.
Another great video
If you are interested I have done a series of experiments with dynastic era tools and materials to drill, cut, polish granite.
I can give cutting rates and time per square foot.
Those tools work really well.
Scientists Against Myths channel also has a great channel. Their team has used flint tools for carving and have also made stone vases. They inspired me and have taken the work the work of Denys Stocks further. For instance they discovered the proper way to use the Egyptian flywheel drill to dramatically increase efficiency.
Right on, I thought your name sounded familiar, I'll have to take a look again. I may hit you up for a tube drill question as well.
@@HistoryforGRANITE ruclips.net/p/PL47iaGB6hlT5sYZWd_G7sHg9cSRv6WWS6
A playlist of most of my experiments, begins with basics of making the abrasives and polishing, around video 12 is a collection of tube drilling how to’s.
After only a few hours I got quite proficient and could maintain 330rpm plus. Which is still the speed for optimal results recommended by modern granite coring companies.
We were able to replicate the striations and core tapering seem in ancient examples. In fact those type of signatures are unavoidable by using their drill.
@@SacredGeometryDecoded SGD - love your studies and the work you do.
@@michaelleblanc7283 thanks
Love your meticulous research and insights!
Keep up the great work, looking forward to your next video!
Mate... seriously great vids on this subject. It's the kind of fair dinkum, factual information that a video on the Giza Plateau and the Great Pyramid needs. I have been interested in the Pyramids since I was a kid in primary school ( I'm now 66yo) and whilst having a degree in both Fine Arts and Art History, I have never had comfortable conclusions regarding the Great Pyramid. Always finding more questions than answers lol. You have certainly given me pause for thought on a number of questions that I have always had, and for that, I thank you very much. Seriously, good luck with this channel, and I shall be looking forward to your next vid. Kind regards.
“Comfortable conclusions” indeed! Me either.
My intuition screams: this is a tool not a tomb.
Ask your electrical engineer friends to analyze the diagram of the passageways.
Ask them: “if you didn’t know what this was, what would your best guess be?”
Examine the electromagnetic properties of granite. Add geomagnetic energy, properties of gravitational forces and what do you get?
(Not a rhetorical question)
No offense, but that was not my meaning. I have absolutely no doubt it was a tomb, what has concerned me was many of the conclusions drawn, often of an architectural nature, and what to me were misconceptions in the archeology that are repeated as canon. Cheers
This channel is pure gold ! Congratulations!!
I was in Cairo 3 times in the early 90s. It was like any dirty street huckster was who you slipped a few $ to, to allow you inside. Most unprofessional, un informative thing I’ve ever experienced. What little information that was gleaned, was totally false of course. Thank you for the insightful and excellent videos.
Brilliantly satisfying video. Khufu's portcullis does indeed need studing. And great suggestion that they are reconstructed in the new grand museum. brilliant.
Interesting, with these newer videos, I can detect a reduction in the slope of the great pyramid, looks like the original slope of the base breaks at a distinct horizontal band around the 35th course, as well as a change in block size. Is there a material transition at this point from granite to smaller limestone blocks?
me too. Its amazing how this becomes more evident. Amazing work here...
I'm really happy for the growth of your channel, you absolutely deserve it! I had to struggle for so long for my channel to reach 4k subs, but now things are growing nicely! Keep up the good work, greetings from Belgrade, Serbia!
You should make a video about the discovery of the Big void, that's very interesting! Btw i'm going to mention your channel on my channel, hopefully you will receive some of my subscribers :)
Awesome! I think I’m going to do a video about the little void first, I’m much more confident in that one.
Very interested in the portcullis antechamber. Like how did it operate, what was it for, who was the first to open it, why was it destroyed?
probably destroyed to get past it and enter the king's chamber.
Dynamic acoustic/RF filter
@@pakistaniraveasylum1396 Very scientific use of words.
Completely lacking any actual science to elaborate - you might as well have called it Sauron's boom box.
The granite blocks are likely what was left of the portcullis blocking stones. When the shafts were initially unsealed, they bored holes across the stone until it fractured which allowed them to move them. They appear to be the same thickness as the portcullis stones still in place in the bent pyramid.
Is it know whats underneath the king's chambers floor? I've visited the great pyramid last week and Luxor and just like in Luxor some of the floors where fake/blocked with the same time of floor as the king's chambers. Now seeing your pictures it even makes more sense there's something down there..
The hole in the northwest corner only has empty space and rough core masonry visible. There are a couple of photos inside floating around on the web. There’s still a very small round hole they left where they patched it, perhaps to monitor any settlement below.
The pit under the floor is full of bones. The species that provided the bones is the reason why the pit is covered.
The block in the King's Chamber was placed under the floor- there's a very large hole (old excavation in the floor in the KC) which they have covered over so tourists don't fall down it, in which they placed the block.
I saw a picture of it somewhere but cannot remember exactly where at the moment.
Great work matching the block holes to the portcullis slots.
There was a false floor at the bottom of the descending passage too that covered the entrance to the Queen's chamber. No doubt alot of fragments and blocks would have been removed during that excavation.
Enjoyed watching this. The holes to me suggest they were machined using a core drill and not done by hand ; The stones look like they could have been used as counter weights for opening and closing ; I have always been intrigued by the pyramids. To me they were a working machine, harmonically in tune with Mother Earth, as well as a celestial tool. Thanks for the video.
"The holes to me suggest they were machined using a core drill and not done by hand"
A machine can in fact be powered by human hand 😑, only an inept fool would claim all machines use electric power, the evidence exists in ancient water wheels and windmills all over the world that harness river and wind power to drive machinery.
Core/tube drills almost certainly can be operated by hand, in fact they were likely used to excavate all the hard stone like basalt and granite in Egypt.
All you need to do is use tube drills to carve out an outline of a shape, and then use a wedge and hammer between the bedrock and the shape to crack it loose from the bedrock with far less effort than it took to make the tube drill holes.
Rinse and repeat with several teams of drillers and you could excavate even the massive unfinished obelisk in a reasonable period of time, let alone something much smaller like the Great Pyramid sarcophagus.
Forgot to say. Great job. I am always amazed what you can figure out from your research.. Thanks.
I'm pleased to see that most of the old Egyptologist were Italians (as myself) or of Italian origin...If you have a knack for ancient Egypt a visit to Turin Egizio museum is a must.
Fascinating, very interesting. Well done. Kepp up the great work. I want to see more.
Thank you.
Still convinced the ancient Egyptian's didn't build the pyramids. That helpful scroll that suddenly turned up in an obscure cave hasn't convinced me either.
I always make it to the end of your videos. Then, I go look for another I haven't seen!
Fantastic research. Been looking for years for some of the photos you have used in your videos. Good finds.
Never heard of this before. Fascinating. Keep it up.
3:40 That drawing shows enlarged 3.4mm wide gaps around a ceiling beam in the entrance tunnel right below and perfectly aligned with the recently discovered chevron roofed void/tunnel. That must have been the access shaft to check on how the chevrons were holding up under load before it was sealed when construction was done. Neat.
I have just come back from Egypt. We visited the pyramids at Giza, WOW!! I have watched many documentaries and read books but none of that prepared me for the incredible feeling I had when I saw them! I walked around the pyramid of Khufu, saw the boat pits, which were fascinating. There is an area at the base close to the boat pits that is all granite, it's the only area like this around the whole pyramid and looked totally out place, I can't find any information on it now though and wondered if you could help? Great videos and work, keep it up!
Muito obrigado!
What a find this channel seems to be....thank you.
1st time viewing, on par with ancient architects so im going to sub.
Once again this is refreshingly logical and well thought out analysis of these topics. I'm almost shocked there's no clickbait or specious bs going on... 😂
Thank you so much for your channel, it‘s one of a kind. And thank you especially for 15:57.
This is very valuable information.
What can the presenter (History for Granite) share with us about how those bore cores (and cores, etc.) were made? I have a little bit of an idea that might be involved, metallurgically speaking. But not really looking to get insulted by RUclipsrs.
@14.00. Probably the granite stones were moving up and down with a counter weight mechanism. The grand gallery could have rolling cylindrical wooden block with ropes, similar to that of winch machine or a rope pulley and it would rolled up and down, that's why the grand gallery is sloped downward on the opposite side of Kings chamber. Also to think that why does the well shaft is at the base of the grand gallery?
I can't wait for your video on the portcullis mechanism and how it might of worked. I think there is a big clue on how the pyramids were built in the portcullis. Thanks
I don’t know how they don’t have people coming through all of these monuments 3D mapping all these things to within at least a couple hundredths of an inch *at least*. There is so much to learn if you don’t presume to know everything.
Clicking on an unknown creator's video on the Giza pyramids, especially mentioning "original purpose" is a real risky watch on greater RUclips. However, I was pleasantly rewarded and you've gained a sub.
Just found this that I think is very interesting, i don't have the book but I have a reference taken from an old forum.
Book: Building in Egypt, by Dieter Arnold
Quote from forum discussion:
”Arnold shows the use of rollers, rollers found in position below stone blocks. The AE wooden beams used and left in position in previous pyramids. He mentioned the ropes found with Khufu's boat, etc. He describes the materials the rope's were made, and calculate the strain in the ropes, working stresses and breaking force. ”
Humble as, respect to these gents.