How do Trees Survive Winter?
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- Опубликовано: 26 янв 2014
- Humans can go inside or put on clothes, but trees spend winter naked in the cold. Why don't they all die?
CREDITS
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Created by Henry Reich
Animation: Ever Salazar
Production and Writing Team: Alex Reich, Peter Reich, Emily Elert
Music: Nathaniel Schroeder: / drschroeder
And thanks to Subbable supporter Raed Massoud for helping make MinuteEarth possible!
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REFERENCES
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Cavender-Bares, J. (2005). Impacts of freezing on long distance transport in woody plants. Vascular transport in plants, 401-424.
Davis, S. D., Sperry, J. S., & Hacke, U. G. (1999). The relationship between xylem conduit diameter and cavitation caused by freezing. American Journal of Botany, 86(10), 1367-1372.
Ewers, F. W. (1985). Xylem structure and water conduction in conifer trees, dicot trees, and lianas. International Association of Wood Anatomists Bulletin,6(4).
Pittermann, J., & Sperry, J. S. (2006). Analysis of freeze-thaw embolism in conifers. The interaction between cavitation pressure and tracheid size. Plant Physiology, 140(1), 374-382.
Willson, C. J., & Jackson, R. B. (2006). Xylem cavitation caused by drought and freezing stress in four co‐occurring Juniperus species. Physiologia Plantarum, 127(3), 374-382.
Zanne, A. E., Tank, D. C., Cornwell, W. K., Eastman, J. M., Smith, S. A., FitzJohn, R. G., ... & Beaulieu, J. M. (2013). Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments. Nature. 
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"Hey, could you pass the antifreeze?"
No YOU DO IT!! *sob sob*
I want some to drink!
randomgirlxrulz have u forgot about this comment yet?
Lmaoooo
And it's a *delicious* form of antifreeze.
So to make my salad last longer in the fridge, I just have to inject it with maple syrup? I can't wait to go on a diet!
Or you can freeze your salad quickly to make smaller crystals.
Watch The story of frozen food,another Minute Earth video.
+ShadowSaberBaroxio Haha
I'm from the tropics I have never eaten maple syrup... does it taste good?... it seems like the thing mango trees expell when you hit them with an axe or machete...
BTW mangos in europe are the worst ones... they are the less sweet reddish version :
Edward González facepalm. It's the sap from maple trees, boiled until 32 cups becomes one. And yes it's fantastic.
:o I gotta try it, what does it taste like?
I think that regular trees would also have trouble with snowfall. As the snow piled up on them, it would start to crush them and would break branches. However, pine trees minimize their surface area and this do not get as heavily weighed down. The pines then survive, and the regular trees die off.
Becuase I know it took forever to draw this I want to say awesome job!
Just shared this on facebook with the caption "We put antifreeze on our pancakes." :P
first to comment
LMFAO
The Onion: write that down, write that down!
I must learn more about everything until there is nothing left to learn! MinuteEarth, you're the best teacher I've seen in all my years. You must cover everything!
So... we can consume antifreeze, and not die? GONNA GO DO THAT RIGHT NOW.
And then I'll nominate you for the Darwin Awards.
My friend's cat did that. He's plant food now.
The kid from Jack Frost is way ahead of you.
How about using maple syrup on your car?
Tiddly Penguin :(
Trees are AMAZING! This is really cool and I never really got around to understanding it (or wanting to, or realizing that I didn't) until now!
Break out the maple syrup, looks like its gonna be a cold winter for your cars.
CaptainAlliance I feel so bad for people In warm climates because they can't have maple syrup
do you havr a you tube Charlene
Danielle Rodgers Are you sure about that?
International Trade Network, never heard it? No? Okay... I guess I'm one of the few born into a functioning economy.
U can’t have 2 comments at once
Love your videos!
Could you please do a video on the reason plants shed their leaves in winter?
Like, is it because of the lower temperature? OR is it because of the reducing duration of daylight? OR is it an internal programming that is independent of the weather and season?
Also, what would happen if I take a fully grown maple tree that normally sheds it's leaves in the winter and transplant it to the tropics where there is plenty of warmth, moisture and daylight? Would it still shed it's leaves in the winter?
Thanks!!
Great question!!
This channel is a happiness source for me
then you should like ASAPscience :)
A Wonderful adaptation, without it many other organisms would not exist.
What beautiful video, thanks for explaining things so well Henry :)
(And thanks to all the people behind MinuteEarth and MinutePhysics too, awesome guys are awesome!)
Regarding the hot climate plants that had to evolve a solution for emboly (around 1:17) I think it's not that the lymph flowing through the xylema "sucks air from the surrounding tissues", I think it has to do with cavitation and the loss of pressure in the capillars that produce these little bubbles.
There's a sapsucker that lives near my house. Most people find it annoying but I adore it, I love watching him make those tiny, precise holes and licking up the pine sap! The hummingbirds that winter here (yeah, I dunno why either) will go after the same holes while they're still open
So I'm drinking antifreeze? Oh ok.
All my fav RUclipsr's are apparently Canadians !
***** jerk
XxYoDadaxX Canadian ey? *Keepo*
***** your acting stereotypicly Canadian which is wrong and on some level offensive
So maple syrup is not tree blood but rather tree antifreeze? Interesting.
ShiroiKage009 Are you still here?
@@Alvionalx maybe. Why?
Perhaps they just wanted to say hi
This episode was really well done, great job MinuteEarth!
Fantastic! I love the focus on the evolution and adaptation - I think most of us with a basic education know about leaves dropping trees and the adaptation of conifers vs. deciduous, but the other adaptations, such as the sap and root system, are lost in our education! Thank you once again for filling in the gap in information I never knew existed!
Jus' wanted to say I really, really love the detail in this one's art.
thank you for all your videos. every time a new video comes out i watch them first. i love learning new stuff all the time regardless of what it was :D
Henry deserves a Grammy for this ... Best Educational Videos.
A T.Khan let’s clam down
I loved this. It made me smile. Thank you very much MinuteEarth!
OH MAH GAHHH!!! I LEARN SOOOOO MUUUUCHH WITH THESE VIDEOOOSSS!!! I FEEL SMARTAR EACH EPISODE!!! Thank you very much minuteearth and minutephysics!!!
Trees are so amazing! Thanks for sharing these fun facts.
Does it mean I can pour maple syrup into my car?
bananian no, dont do that.
No. Syrup is too thick for your car
Marvin Zhang it is a joke...
+bananian If I put more sugar into my blood, would that help me resist frostbite? =)
+MrMineheads
Spoilers, the universe is a joke. One of the greatest jokes of all time too.
Awesome video! and MinuteEarth added my name as a supporter !
You Guys Rock
Awesome as ever
Is Canada even real
I believe it"s a made up country the that maple syrup mascot "the Beaver" (who is also fake) lives.
Eman52451
As a Canadian I can indeed confirm that Canada is 100% fictional. I don't know how the story started but our existence permeates American culture as an urban legend and we cannot escape it. Not fully. Some of us want to live and wish to break out, infecting the American minds who create and conduct our country with their thoughts and take over their lives and bodies as our own, while others realize that that doing such would just continue our fictional existences on a slightly more real but ultimately just as meaningless plane. I choose to stay here because we have adorable penguins and dazzling Northern lights, and our food is provided to us free by trees. Really why anyone would want to leave this fictional setting is beyond me. It's great here.
Justin Young
Canada doesn't have penguins.
Justin Beiber is Canadian, and he (unfortunately) exists, so seems confirmed.
Also Rush is Canadian, but Canada seems to be running low on talent :(
M1k3y
Yeah the whole body snatching thing kinda drains the vocal chords and fine motor function. All that seizing and screaming "I might fight it! I must be strong! I'm me and I'm scared to not exist!" really wears out the physical body's throat before the Canadian can fully take over I guess. But on the human rights frontier I think it's nice that even transfiction individuals living in a stolen bodies with worn throats can be accepted in the music business and even looked up to. ... Even if they throw eggs and draw shitty penguins. I mean come on Beibs you grew up in a fiction setting surrounded by penguins, don't tell me you never learned what they look like. Good grief.
Love your animations!
Was literally just wondering this today. Thank you MinuteEarth!
Excellent video. Thanks for sharing.
My region, Patagonia, mentioned in a video on the internet? I must be dreaming.
+Palider Woah...a clothing brand is actually a region? I didn't even know that xD
Alq ...
Love this series
Great explanation! Thank you I learned a lot. One small detail needs correcting. Lettuce and spinach must have sugars / antifreeze in their leaves because they can actually freeze and thaw and keep growing. I plant lettuce and spinach in late summer for winter use. Spinach is heartier than lettuce but they can both freeze and continue growing. Best not to pick them when their frozen. How about a video on why certain trees run sap in the spring and others do not?
omg he's investing so much more on the videos, people were complaining about those 'recent events' but the quality is really increasing.
This is one of the best episodes! I loved the cartoon trees.
Heavily appreciate that you put the references in the description, I cannot exactly write an essay and reference a youtube video...
Thank you for this video!
You make my gymnosperm presentation/research SO MUCH EASIER thanks so much!!!
Middle School Biology flashbacks
Loved the video, also when the water de thaws inside the xylem tubes of the true, it would cause the water to boil at the top of the tree because the extreme low pressure that exists at the top.
Those trees wearing sweaters were adorable!
I wonder how extreme pine syrup is. And how sweet it is.
Thanks NIL, for supporting a great channel.
If you have not, please do try NIL, it is the least we can do for someone who supports a channel we enjoy.
The delicious anti-freeze... and then you notice Henry is canadian. :P
I just wish this episode would have been a TwoMinutesEarth to have the time to explain why narrower tubes alleviate the bubble problem.
He didn't have to explain because it's pretty common sense. The smaller the tube, the higher the pressure(and less water needed to fill it). Simply, the bubbles can't form if the xylem is already full, so if it's smaller, it's easier to keep full.
blizzard0508 Well, that doesn't make sense to me, common or otherwise. Why would the problem with a freezing tube be that it has to be kept full? The water is even expanding so sure it will stay full, pretty much regardless of the diameter. And the pressure depends on the height. It even gets negative. So the higher pressure argument doesn't make sense to me either.
Plus, he even said it was counterintuitive so get off your high horse if you would.
guys, srsly, NIL is a good channel go check it out!
Thank you! :)
srsly?
***** uh, yea. its basically a blend of CGP Grey (at explaining stuff), Minute Physics (at drawing on a dry erase board, correct me if im wrong).
kchspinna16 I was making fun of the fact that you would rather type 'srsly' than 'seriously' as if it was too much work
I like your video. Easy to understand and I also love the Maple trees. =)
Nice work
1:15 Professor Oak 👌
This video was amazingly educational!! :D
Awesome graphics!
No bubbles in pipes and no ice in living cells works for humans too
I don't know if this is the right place to request videos, but given the drought on the west coast right now I was wondering if you could do a bit on El Nino/La Nina cycles? Also mountain building, just because its awesome. Love the channel and love showing it to my students.
I hope they evolve free wifi as well
beautiful video!
Tolfdir at the Winterhold College never taught me this >:-( The confused old man just walk around the rooms searching for some lost Alembic.. 20 times i found it for him, and he lost it again.. Out of 99 spells he just taught us one, though he's supposed to be some kind of teacher... He didnt draw up any special plans how to prepare for dragon attacks, but let us all improvise, resulting in the death of 15-20 townguards that had to be replaced... When someone intentionally killed a fellow student with magic and was suspended for it, the greedy old bum allowed him to rejoin the college for a tiny fee, making us all feel we are worth like 200-500 gold pieces, which is nothing.. I think Tolfdir use the alembic to make Maple Syrup and drink it til he falls asleep and pee in his pants.. An alternative theory is that Tolfdir has the Maple syrup urine disease, which doesnt smell delicious at all.
what the fuck?
Just some Skyrim (a game) references. The snowy trees in the video made me think of a cold and snowy town in the game.
I always knew Canadians were trying to feed my anti-freeze.
Heart Under Blade mwahahahaha
This was an oddly awesome video!
Enjoyed thanks
this is really cool!
this video made me smile so much !
Pine Trees and Maple Trees, Canada’s national gift!
I just wondered about this today in the school. and BAM a video! :D
I'm eating lettuce right now and the way you're talking makes me think my food is alive. They told me this was crulety free eating :(
By then, it's dead.
Fantastic video.
"Hobo drinking anti-freeze" just got a new meaning.
So all I need is to take off my clothes and cover my body with maplesyrup and I'm good for winter?
Yes.
Disclaimer: Any bodily harm may not be attributed to the endorser of this technique.
No, the sap needs to be inside your cells; therefore you need to replace your blood with maple syrup for that to work. If you do that, I guarantee that you won't die from cold.
Plus, heart attack from slow syrup flow, poisoning from the toxins in the syrup, and terminal diabetes with the sugar (if you use the sugared kind)
LemonYourAid nooooooooo
@@Thutil dont worry, as a canadian i can assure u that my cells are filled with mape syrup
Good video man.
great animation. thumbs up!
I liked this!
Haha, I remember learning this in high school. Great video!
The animation is so cute!
What i learned: eat a lot of maple syrup for temporary defrost of your organs.
At 00:16 is a picture of Bamboo but that not a tropical tree, it is a grass.
Bro This is a Exactly what I was looking for.
mind blowing stuff
this video is so beautiful i love trees ^_^
If this channel is related at all to minute physics I'm gonna subscribe.
Thank you NIL!
Great one Henry. I love that you format your references in Harvard AGPS.
Really interesting video :D
I can hug a tree right now :)
i have a dream that one day i can go to canada and eat original maple syroup (im from europe)
I'll buy you some Timbits when you do :P
Ey mate, you can always import some, but if you work just take off a week and take it to fly there, flights are dirt cheep in in non holiday seasons.
TheBernhard100 despite l lived in europe my whole life Id like to come to america but im still just 17
liroy2057 Well, get an apprenticeship next year (or whenever you are finished with school) and save up for one or two month. That should be more than enough for a trip to Canada for a week off season.
lmao as a Canadian I do have to warn you... you should come here for other things and then go tap a maple tree if you have time. Instead of coming here to solely tap a maple tree... otherwise, you'll be very disappointed. Takes like 2 minutes to learn and then you gotta wait 24 hours for the bucket to fill.
If possible, could you add to this video explaining what deciduous trees do to survive without photosynthesizing?
I love syrup too, infact, I have maple trees.
What programs and techniques do you use to make the animations? They look extremenly well!
No trees where harmed in the making of this video.
So wait, if I consume maple syrup, I won’t freeze? Well, if you need me, I’ll be storing syrup containers for winter!
Mind. Blown.
I loved the trees drawings
I was just wondering this!
Another method some plants use is to pump a portion of the water in their cells into intercellular spaces, thus increasing the solute concentrations within the cell and lowering the freezing point. There's a third method but it escapes me at the moment.
I would advise now that you not drink just any antifreeze... As far as I know, Maple syrup is the one to go with to avoid poisonning.
It is delicious and so are you - love your videos and you, keep up the awesome work.
So does pine sap actually have a very large sugar content? You'd think that it would need sugary sap even more than maple trees.
It's simple, thus I am able to grasp the concept.
thanks nil! you're awesome
Palmyra trees also has a sweet sap. In south asia, it is cooked and crystallized into palm sugar.
Professer Oak at 1:13
WOOD you look at that, you're right.
Good video!