Why Japan is Hollowing Out a Mountain
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- Опубликовано: 27 фев 2024
- Japan is building something huge inside a mountain.
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Corrections and clarifications:
When complete, the cavern will be 94m high.
The observatory sits 600m below the mountain peak
The water in the tank undergoes further treatment with Ion exchange resin and other means
to create water so pure that the transmitted light does not attenuate for more than 100 metres
Research sources -
www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/...
indico.cern.ch/event/130734/c...
www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/...
• Why the World’s Bigges...
www.businessinsider.com/super...
www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/...
science.osti.gov/hep/-/media/...
Additional footage and images courtesy of Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, The University of Tokyo / NHK Enterprises, Inc.
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I recall watching a documentary about the first version back in the 1980s.
Apparently, divers were needed for inspection and maintenance. When they entered, the water was so pure that the divers had fears of heights and falling because visually, they could not see the water, despite feeling it around them through their suits.
I hope they didn't pee in their wet suits. In diving there are 2 kinds of people - those who pee in wet suits and those who lie.
Milwaukee city water supply is also inspected by divers (obviously not this big). The guide who gave the tour to my hydrogeology class said that the divers had to be cautioned and regularly reminded not to remove their masks. The lack of visible particles made it easy to forget they were submerged.
Heard these are multidimensional and cross space time communication devices...
That is wild
@@user-wz1qo1cn3i any sane person would give them fully sealed dry suits with rebreathers to keep the water clean.
For the same price, NYC renovated 30 feet of space in grand central.
It's the bureaucracy man. So many middlemen and subcontractors cutting huge checks and doing the work very slowly
American workers are slackers also
oh wow.. and in switzerland it takes 10 fucking years to build a bicycle lane of 2km
A lot of people talking about the cost...for an advanced first world nation to build this in the middle of a solid mountain for well below $1bn is incredible.
For comparison, in the UK, £500m will get you about 10% of a cut and cover tunnel through relatively flat countryside, and won't include all the legal crap that precedes construction (if it even happens)
Also, the timeframe is staggering: considering they started in 2021 and are due to be online in 2027. Wonder how much of HS2 will be completed by then?!
Like the Hindhead tunnel on the A3?
*"Hinckley Point C power station enters the chat"*
meanwhile here, they wanna build a $10b highway lmao
"How do you build something like this in the middle of a mountain?"
Dwarves: "Hold our beer."
A Balrog of Mordor "Yes, come in".
My physics professor told my class about this project back when it was still being planned.
Amazing how it's finally getting realised now
I thought I had a hair on my laptop screen. I kept trying to flick it off, only to realize it is your profile picture...
I wish i could say the same
@@Champagneyearare you still flicking 😂
Recognized
@@selcouthconcepts Lol these never work on dark mode. Cause if they made the backround black you wouldnt see the hair or bug whatever.
I love these huge science experiments, I wish more of humanity's efforts went towards knowledge.
Particle physics has gotten to the point where much of the experimentation is of massive scale and massive expense.
And a substantial amount of the particle theory is so far out there that it can't be tested (eg string theory) and thus has attracted significant self criticism by some particle physicists pointing out that it's dubious science (science needs to be testable, or, as they say, falsifiable, to be meaningful, and a lot of bleeding edge particle theory cannot be, so is it physics or is it philosophy?)
There is a lot of physics that can be done for $600mm that this neutrino experiment costs. For instance, high temperature superconductor research is much less costly and potentially far more impactful.
That the world wide web is accounted for as a practical spinoff of particle physics is telling. It's got nothing to do with physics per se.
There's nothing wrong with physics for the sake of physics, but again, when one particle experiment costs $600mm, there is a lot of other physics that could be done with these dollars (yen, euros, etc).
@@cv990a4 I would think the better knowledge of physics we have. The lower the barrier other fields experince for breakthrough.
As understanding the underlying physics better makes theoretical research in other fields easier to prove / disprove.
@@sirsneakybeaky that's like saying the more maths we know the better physics can be, but it's not gotten to the point maths is so advanced that it's value to return is now exceptionally low. The same is true for this experiment
@@odineinmann5299 getting better at math has opened entire fields of study up in the past couple decades.
This has the implications of bolstering material science to a degree we have never seen.
The better we understand neutrino's and how the impact the formation of complex particles. Could give us insights on how to manipulate matter in ways previously we couldnt.
Understanding is more sorely needed for this species.
I worked in that tank during the summers of 2001 and 2002 for the upgrade and rebuild! My PhD thesis was on techniques to better estimate the cosmic muon backgrounds for sites like superK. Cheers!
Living my childhood dream as one of the scientists in the Super-K and Hyper-K collaborations, so it’s awesome to see our experiments getting hyped up 🤘 (I’m on the team chasing neutrinos coming from massive star explosions in space, or “supernovae”)! We’re excited for the physics we can do through the rest of Super-K’s lifetime and then on to Hyper-K. Keep an eye out for our field-the future is even brighter than that Cherenkov radiation you mentioned 😎 thanks for the video!
(And never hesitate to ask a Super-K/Hyper-K scientist about what they do because I think we could all talk for hours about it haha)
Ok, lemme bite, What is the future prospects of said Research?
what can we build with the results?
tax dollars@@drextrey
@@drextrey no future, knowledge is its own purpose.
Big infrastructure projects like bridges and dams are pretty cool, but huge science experiments like this are just awesome. I'd love to hear more about the engineering challenges behind gravity wave detectors, telescopes, particle accelerators and such.
As far as i know, even the biggest failed projects serve us to advance. Because when this amount of dedication and budget goes into a science project, it's almost inevitable for something new not to be discovered/invented.
Even if nothing happens, something older can be improved. Or, at the worst of it, it puts a stop sign to a dead end.
So it's always interesting.
@@slemangerdy8407 Sure you didn't mean to write "for something new *NOT* to be discovered" ?
Agreed Fred should definitely do a video on DUNE and LIGO/VIRGO. A bit unrelated but within Physics is also ITER - the most complicated machine humankind has built. A lot of construction quirks within all those experiments!
5:16 "water so pure it's capable of dissolving metal" ... The University of Tokyo will be proud of how you are sharing this great project with the world.
Yes, that how it has been described previously (water in Kamiokamde) . Basically, ultra-pure water starts to exhibit some pretty strange behaviour being both alkaline and acidic at the same time as water starts dissolving itself creating hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH-) which then react with anything.
@@ZvonimirZelenika This is a load of bullshit. H3O+ and OH- ions are present in water at any purity. What was actually said is that water has "features of an acid and an alkaline", not that it is acidic and alkaline at the same time.
It was described as follows: "Water that’s ultra-pure is waiting to dissolve stuff into it", meaning that pure water has a tendency to dissolve other molecules in it, but that does not mean it can really dissolve macroscopic metallic objects.
@@div_tmno he is clearly referencing the research paper by Doctor Imap, Ussay where they observed water that had been essentially stripped of its moisture , and in that state it became almost identical to stomach acid
I live in Japan and I had NO idea that an insane project such as this is being built
@@VS257Since you're paying for it, they'd rather that you're not too familiar with it's cost.
Great video! Physicist here. You got one thing slightly wrong:
All particles are either of type boson (spin is a whole number & that is usually a force transmitting particles) or fermion (spin ist NOT a whole number & that is usually some kind of matter). Neutrinos are of type fermion (some kind of matter) and quite heavy for their size, but they hardly react with any force we know off. On the particle level, measuring something is the same as interacting with it. And since neutrinos do not really interact with other particles, it is absurdly hard to measure them - or even show they exist. That is also why neutrinos are good possible candidates for what constitutes dark matter. And since dark matter is a huge topic (gaping whole in current cosmology), neutrinos are especially interesting.
Thanks for shining light on this topic. The construction side itself is already nuts. Love it!
You are not a physicist
gaping whole or gaping hole?
What is the purpose of this very expensive work? Essentially what will be done with it, in laymens terms, as I am not a scientist but I found this video interesting and want to understand something about it.
How does a neutral wire work and why do we need it?
So, these are the “scientist experts” I should trust then? Who wants to bet this is a gigantic experiment that will lead to nowhere, and billions of taxpayer dollars will be flushed down the toilet? Still, the lights will be pretty. By the time they finish, I’ll be dead anyway.
I remember recommending that you create a video for Hyper Kamiokande a few months back. Thank you for actually doing it and making people aware of the experiment! 👏🏽
Finally, Japan’s getting its own stargate base.
Or a Gundam or NERV base
Yeah, NERV probably. They're ramping up military spending again.
Diagnosis: advanced brain-rot by popular couture
Ummm, hello, Godzilla incubator?
We need Sean to come back in a fast and furious/stargate crossover where they find a secret warehouse of "space racers" and "drift" into outer space
PBS Nova had a great 1 hour show about an American project like this years ago. The divers said floating in the water to do maintenance was unnerving as the clear water made you feel like you were floating in space.
Yep, water with no impurities is clearer than any glass so a light source that can illuminate the bottom of an empty 80m deep tank would also illuminate the bottom of the same tank filled with pure water. And if there's one thing scarier than not being able to see the bottom of really deep water it would be when you CAN see the bottom of really deep water.
is there a video where we can se them swimming in such clear water? @krashd
That is so trippy, I want to try it.
@@krashdBut why is that scarier than not seeing the bottom?Knowing that something has an end should be more reassuring than not knowing, right?
@@FlipTheBardyea it isn't scarier
I did a summer job helping rebuild the last one after a major failure in 2000. Kamioka and Toyama are wonderful places to live and work. Another neutrino project you may want to check out would be the Tower Sudan mine experiment in Northern Minnesota.
Seriously this is just a cover story for them to build a space to contain Godzilla.😂
What
1954 called, they want their Godzilla joke back
😂😂😂
So true lol
😂😂😂😂😂 maybe
Japan never ceases to amaze me!
If you want to cease being amazed by Japan, just look up their prison system.
Nissan, Kawasaki Pokemon, Honda Toyota
What amazes you the most??
@@technoman9000 good prisons sytem. Very strict but also safe. No raping or stabbing each other, or stealing or bullying between inmates. I'd rather go to japan prison than an american one
It's usually overhyped. But I understand you on this occasion
@Dr.Kay_R the only thing overhyped is America, because things made by Caucasian men tend to be overrepresented, often to the point of distorting information.
Next up: KAMIOKANDE ENDGAME
Cameo Candy
I live in Japan and I had NO idea that an insane project such as this is being built
As a Particle Physicist, please next time get some consulting from an actual scientist it's painful to listen to at times...
First our known matter is made out of Fermions and Bosons, Quarks, smallest building blocks of Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus are Fermions as well as electrons and neutrinos, while all interactions vectors are called Bosons.
Neutrinos are amongst the lightest and least interactive particles, talking about size is a smidge misleading, and I would refrain of using regular sizes to compare particles. Note that they do interact, which you stated later in your video, but the initial claim of not interacting is wrong, they do but with very low probability, which explains why the target needs to be so big.
In the case of CERN we never detect directly neutrinos, as you mentioned their probability of interaction is quite small, so even if we have a repetition rate that is quite high (40MHz collision rate, the actual data taking is quite smaller but whatever) we detect all the particles that do interact and then look at the missing momentum in the event, which indicates that something left the detector without interacting.
You can detect neutrino from accelerator but in this case the intensity of the neutrino beam is high because they are specifically generated to be shot in a certain direction.
It is noted that the Cherenkov radiation is coming from the electron being kicked around moving faster than the speed of light in the medium and not the neutrino itself.
Otherwise interesting to see a video about HyperK and the engineering behind it. If you are interested you could look into the civil engineering of the LHC or for that matter the FCC, it's quite interesting.
@@VS257 because it's underground
Does Thanos show up?
If you ever get the chance to go see Kamioka, I definitely recommend it. Wonderful little village.
You can also get tours of the construction site if you are lucky.
Well, this video blew my mind! Thanks Fred!!!
Nice little physics lesson to start us off. One note is that neutrinos do interact with other matter (or else how would we detect them) it’s just extremely rare. That’s why we need a giant vat of water under a mountain, to act as a filter, reducing all the noise of other particle interactions which would far exceed any interactions by neutrinos. As you mention later, it is the interaction with an electron that the observatory measures. Anyways, love the channel!
What could we possibly learn from detecting the glow from these rare collisions?
We don’t really know ahead of time with these things but when we figured out how electrons work for example we learned about the photovoltaic effect, Einstein’s Nobel Prize which gave us solar panels. When we studied alpha and beta decay that gave us Radiology, medical imaging, PET and CT scans.
@@ddmarsh21 Maybe if there's some variation in the glow then we would have at least some observable effect to theorize about.
@@karlwithak. Most likely. I don't see what detecting the faint flash can possibly tell them. Unless there is some kind of variation in the flash we don't understand that would allow theories to be tested on it. Seems like a huge waste of money.
@@The1stDukeDroklar without these "huge waste of money" our civilization wouldn't advance to current level.
My friend’s brother worked on the IceCube neutrino detector at the south pole. He worked on doing the drilling, using a hot water drill to holes that they dropped strings of detectors into. It is ,I believe, 1 cu km in size.
Interesting and Informative.. Thank you💫
Thanks for always bringing out the best informative videos on RUclips!
Excellent video in the B1M classic style. More of this, less product placement and advertisement. Thank you.
It’s always worth it to study the universe as discoveries often happen when least expect them
What a great presentation, this channel always amazes me with its wide variety of topics. That being said, whats wrong with the first two detectors? They dont work, so they need a larger one? Im confused😅
Some people have really cool jobs
and very hard too
@@WiseAcres-tz8fe Having sex with a loving husband every night isn't a job
I would like some Hyper Cameo Candy, please, Mr Wonka.
Candy! That's what I was thinking too, I had to look up how it is spelled because it's not in the description.
hyper-kamiokande
cameo candy indeed.
"What cameo did your candy give? I got James Belushi."
When did B1M finally go 4k? I like the upgrade!
love the pbs spacetime-esque visuals
Canada did a similar project with SNO in an underground mine and heavy water. Cool stuff.
I don't think they lingered on this fact enough, those detectors could notice a flashlight being used on the moon! That's so impressive my brain just shut off for a minute
This is super informative
It is indeed. I like technology
How can I sign up for regular updates about this. This is very interesting!
Astrum and B1M have finally crossed paths
I thought this said autism and I was like "yup" lol. Water Towers are one of my SI's
As someone who has been in Underground hard rock mining for the last 20 years, this is pretty cool, even if it is only the detector equipment that is something new to me.
Crazy how i have never heard of such a massive science project! I need to know more about this? Where can i find more video about this?
Remember reading about it when they build the Super (something), I still get a headache thinking about it, but it is really cool.
I saw this is Episode 1 of "3 Body Problem" in Netflix
I was going to say at the start, that we AUS did it back in the 50-60's, to build the Snowy Mountains Scheme water and power supply facility for NSW and VIC ! But this, which I thought was similar, is entirely different.
Bravo Japan ! Fantastic effort, Japan just to catch a bunch of Neutrinos !
Snowy 2.0 is a disaster right now, they had a cave in and got the TBM stuck, will be 3 times over budget and late
I heard about these kind of projects before. However, did not know there is such a huge one!!
Thank you Fred!
I remember someone once saying that if we could ever figure out a way to reliably create and detect neutrinos, we could just beam information right through the planet from anywhere to anywhere without any obstacles or chance of interception, significantly reducing communication lag on the internet and making more secure long distance communication. This experiment may be a step towards that.
Slight problem: how do you filter out the background neutrino "noise"? At Earth's orbit, 65 billion neutrinos from the Sun pass through every square centimetre every second. So if you are standing on the equator at solar noon on an equinox - ie. when the Sun is directly overhead - about 50 trillion neutrinos pass through your head every second. Just from the Sun.
@@JonMartinYXD Double tap. Just pulse the signal twice. The odds of a signals pattern being identical twice at the receiver is astronomical, and when dealing with a data stream it will be a long complex pattern, it wont happen randomly, least of all twice.
@@JonMartinYXD there is radio waves every where but we can still use our phones.
neutrino internet lets go
@@boogusnutsack5926 I'm pretty sure the solution to that problem is simpler than figuring out how to "send" neutrinos at will easily. Building giant accelerators make it anything but easy.
FYI, while smaller, there was been a neutrino detector like this in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) was a neutrino observatory located 2100 m underground. The detector was turned on in May 1999, and was turned off on 28 November 2006. The SNO collaboration was active for several years after that analyzing the data taken. It used a 6-meter-radius (20 ft) sphere with 1000 tons (1M kg) heavy water, and was suspended in a vessel which was filled with normal water to provide both buoyancy for the vessel and radiation shielding. It had about 9,600 detectors.
great video!
That, dear Fred, was a masterclass in engaging, entertaining, enlightening and most evidently; smilingly relaxed presentation.
Bravo ragazzo and thanks a bundle.
What blew my mind here is how sensitive the sensors are " It can detect torch been used in the Moon"
I screamed 😮
you hiding something up there?
Thank you.
There’s me thinking it would be used for collecting rain water lol
Nice vid 👍
For a moment I thought I'm watching a Kurzgesagt video.
Looks like a next Bioshock plot. The city in a mountain.
Wow! Thank you!
coolest project i have seen in a while
Isn't the icecube detector at the south pole the largest?, its a cubic kilometer of ice filed with sensors
Thank you for mentioning this. I was almost certain their claim of the largest neutrino detector was false due to icecube.
he said biggest tank in the world. Not biggest detector. I haven't heard about the south pole icecube detector, but if it's not a tank his statement is still valid.
@@shellcase1436 he said both, largest detector at 2.10
@@shellcase1436 nope, said "largest neutrino observatory" at ~2:06
@@rylandrcYes, there are a lot of mistakes in this video.
The big entry door looks like some entry to some military comnand centre. 😂
diving in there must be a surreal experience
*This is truly amazing and I do believe they use the water for multiple purposes. It can help magnify, clean, but also help filter out unwanted waves or particles.*
1:25 there are no neutrinos being detected at cern as this video may suggest. The thing you can measure is a seeming „violation“ of the conservation of impulse which suggest a particle being created that is unmeasurable: The Neutrino.
so by that definition this whole project is pointless
They want you to THINK thats a big water tank. That's actually where the gundam is going to go.
Knew as soon as I saw the thumbnail. Some of the most fascinating astronomy we undertake.
very interesting, thank you for the video
Havent watched the video yet but im calling it: neutrinos
Sounds like a new hip nite spot
Hey come try out the bacardi shot shot shots at the neutrinos place
Salsa
Pit bull guest appearance
Neutrinos
I live in Japan and I had NO idea that an insane project such as this is being built
Imagine finding this eons later inside a mountain using geothermal scans or sonar or something. You would be totally mindblown.
If your interested, a similar project that’s already completed is the sno+ project in Canada. Very similar to the project in Japan it is thousands of sensors in a giant underground tank of water. The goal was to observe neutrinos-less double beta decay. There is a bunch of variations of the project which will probably happen in Japan.
1:31 Yay my shot of CERN (CMS) made it to the B1M!
The pure water doesn't dissolve metal, it absorbs ions
5:20 I got it, the only thing that puzzles me is the thing about this so pure water that can dissolve metal
Finally! They are building Cerebro!
Alright who's here from 3 Body Problem
Looks just like the project from 3 body problem
😂 I was watching it's, when I saw a scene of this and remember watching this documentary about it but I can't remember what it was called
What’s that ?
Me🎉🎉
Nah mate, I watch this kind of stuff all the time; basic recomend
Fresh clean water for super ramen soup 🍲
Very interesting. It is also quite hilarious that such a serious construction sounds as "hipohfdoia.... candy". :D
They're gonna build evangelions
That's what they tell you but really its a prison fort Godzilla.
saw a replica of this in the 3 Body Problem series which airs today on Netflix.
Fred please continue this as a science based construction series. A few examples being LIGO/VIRGO, ICECUBE, DUNE and ITER. All huge and complicated construction projects in the name of science.
When I saw the title I thought to myself "The Japanese do what the Japanese do, we do not question the Japanese"
The fact that they're doing it for less than half a billion tells me it's not a public infrastructure project.
University of Tokyo is a public institution. 75% of the funds are being provided by the government of Japan, the remaining 25% is from "international partners".
One reason for the seemingly low value in USD terms is that the JPY is currently quite weak.
Its not a western government bro
@@TheModeler99yikeessss
i definitely thought of this first i should’ve done it
Wow, the Japanese are fast and efficient. Innovative too! A particle collider is a far bigger expense and this seems better!
Imagine if a material can be made where Neutrinos can create a "photo electric like effect" by knocking electrons out as photons do in solar panels ?
A new limitless clean power source everywhere always ..
WHAT HAVE THE ROMANS EVER DONE FOR US HEY?
Lol! Best comment!
@@H53. Indeed. What did I mean? What did they mean? What DID the Romans ever do for us? Really makes you think. How often do you think about the fall of Rome old boy?
I'M BRAIN AND MY WIFE IS BRAIN TOO!
I don’t know but Tim Berners Lee definitely did NOT come up with the means to share this video.
He made the earliest version of the web fairly quickly on his Mac. (Not the internet.) The web is simply a protocol for sharing info, sort of like Google Docs is, but simpler. There were other competitors to the web, as well.
The critical part was the INTERNET, which Lee was not a part of. That took decades and teams of scientists and universities and DARPA coordinated it all using massive sums of government money and resources.
Easy to get this confused when England is obsessed with how their citizen Lee created the web… while never mentioning their cousin, the USA, actually created the internet.
This is SPARTA
My favorite megastructures are the ones that are built just for the pursuit of knowledge
Too many things in this video that blow my mind. 🤯
It is so cool when particle physics and construction meet - and their lovechild looks absolutely gorgeous!
The Super-Kamiokande is so beautiful looking despite being just a big test tank.
There are many different neutrino observatories functioning across the world.. The IceCube in Antarctica is another particularly interesting one. There is a lot of information about these devices on wikipedia for those who are interested.
This is amazing
Hey I worked on development for part of this upcoming experiement!
this looks like the most peaceful sensory deprivation tank and i'd like to try it.
Make sure when you create the tunnel you make it to where people can walk on it on both sides to get from vehicle/train. Also make it big enough to let rescue crews be able to move freely and turn around in cave with their vehicles to avoid having to shut cave down due to dangerous hazards. Also make sure you have a two way strip inside because of traffic flow being blocked on one side could cause horrible delays and angry people. Also put a slow speed limit so if someone wrecks it doesn’t do much damage to the people in the cave, the vehicle driven, and the cave itself. Just a little tip or too you probably are aware of.
At one night in 1974 a young Harvard physicist was playing with a mathematics known to be Lie algebra. With surprise he discovered a way to unify all the particle physics in terms of a beautiful mathematical framework. The model he discovered called SU(5) Grand Unified Theory and if it is correct proton should undergo decay. One of the purpose of this giant water tank is to detect that decay. Now its time to wait to see what it can discover.
Mind Blowing
So why do we want to detect nutrinos? It's not like they effect much stuff since they rarely hit anything
🙏🙏 Thanks for the information
It's amazing to know that there is something out there that could make our lives much better
Wow!
I've never seen one of these before!
THank you °~•.♡.•~°
I watch many of these projects, and it always blows my mind of the scale of these projects for a relatively low price tag, but in Toronto, it's taking 20 years and $18 billion to build one subway line.
we have one of these in Sudbury Canada, it's older of course.
In the 1980s one of these were built out of old salt mines under lake Erie in Cleveland. A much smaller one.