Hey everyone! I just want to mention that the videos I linked on the screen at the end of the video (about ocean composition and ocean changes) are currently only out for channel members, but don't worry, they will be going public in the next couple weeks so you don't have to become a channel member to watch them, just come back next week! ;D That said, you are of course more than welcome to become a channel member if you are interested, just know that other than early content, there are not many perks I am offering at the moment due to my busy postdoc schedule. But I will let you all know once I am getting ready to post more member content so you can join if you are interested. Thank you to everyone who is currently a member, you guys are the best!! And your support helps immensely!!! :D
Bonjour madame GeoGirl. If you remember, I'm very interested in "global warming" and write about it in French. So, I read and view a lot about it. I happen to have this article opened in one of my browser tabs and was wondering if I should write about this specific article. In any case, I'll share the title and summary with you Title: "Extreme Climate Impacts From Collapse of a Key Atlantic Ocean Current Could be Worse Than Expected, a New Study Warns" It's from Inside Climate News, one of the many sites I've been following for at least 8 years. I also follow most Glaciology youtube channels as it is quite interesting physics of which we are discovering new processes like #MISI (Marine Ice Shelf Instability) and #MICI (Marine Ice Cliff Instability), which are reasons why sea level may rise much more rapidly then currently projected, and would be more in line with paleo records. We sure are living in "interesting times". ☮ and thanks for your work. P.S. Like many scientists, I have severe doubts in carbon capture ideas, and who but us will pay for it. Beware of the marketing, because, that is what I studied 🤦♂
just a topic about oceans in general… the lack of nutrients usually what eats the seafood 🍤 eats it bones/shell all… those dissolved ions/minerals… ya usually they excrete those back into the water for algae to eat we’re not doing that imagine if we did… started seeding the seas to return the nutrients for the algae like fertilizing a field cheers #biology
@@KhaoticDeterminism I had replied to your comment but it got deleted... Shortly put, we killed the whales that brought nutrients to the upper layer with their 💩hence fertilizing phytoplankton. Who will pay for fertilizing the way you suggest when the prime directive of corporations is "more profits" 🤑 Same with other controversial plans to "fix the crap we made". How will we get the great conveyor back to working normally, or the jet Stream, or ice depletion, etc. etc. Everyone born is already in debt for life...
Merhabalar ben Hüseyin Karaca Uzaktan algılama sistemleri üzerinde araştırma ve çalışmalar yapıyorum.Beni böyle bir çalışmaya iten ve merak uyandıran ingiliz arkeolog ve mısır bilimci Sarah Parcak'tır.Yıllar önce Mısır'da yaptığı arkeoloji kazı ve onu bu kazılara götüren ön çalışmaları oldu.Çölün ortasına kurmuş oldukları büyük bir çadırda ekibiyle son derece geliştirilmiş bilgisayar ve cihazlarla metrelerce kumun altında kalmış mezar odalarını bulabiliyordu.Tabi bunu NASA'nında dahil olduğu 7 farklı uydudan aldığı verileri kendi yazılım ekibiyle oluşturduğu programı sayesinde yapıyordu.Görünmeyeni görebilmek bulmak ve gün yüzüne çıkarmak heyecan vericiydi.Içimden böyle bir şeyi yapabilmeyi çok isterdim düşüncesi geçti.Bu konu ile ilgili araştırmalar yapmaya başladım.Konferanslar,bilimsel makaleler,çeviriler,yazılar,kitaplar vesaire öğrenmek,gelişmek ve kafamdakileri gerçekleştirebilmek için çok çaba gösterdim.Yılmadım,bıkmadım,pes etmedim.Benim artık bir hobim olmuştu.Bir çok bilgisayar programı ve algoritma denedim.Arazinin farklılığı,bitki örtü çeşitliliği,toprak yapısının,kaya ve kayaçların çoklu doğal etkene açık ve mâruz kalması gibi...Yapmak istediğim şeyin zorluğunu gösterdi.Bitki çeşitliliğinin dağılımının ve çoğalımının meydana getirdiği renk skalalarıda işin cabası.Bunu sınıflandırmak,haritalandırmak benim alanım değil.Ben toprak üstünün üst farklılığını değil alt farklılığını inceliyor ve analiz ediyorum kendi programımla.Enerjinin dünya yüzeyine çarptığı andaki meydana getirdiği ışık aksının geri dönüşündeki yaratmış olduğu anamoliteyi doğal yada anti doğal boşluk olarak kabul ettiğimiz şeyin salt bir boşluktan meydana gelmediğini,Dr.Vladimir Poponin'in yapmış olduğu deney sonucunu da gözönünde bulundurduğumda doğru yolda ilerlediğimi düşünüyorum.Bir DNA'nın kendi yapısını milyonlarca yıl koruyabildiğide bilimsel olarak kanıtlandığı için bu düşüncemde ısrar etmeyi doğal görüyorum.Akabinde kararsız ve düzensiz bir hareket kabiliyeti gösteren fotonların DNA ile etkilenişime geçtiği andan itibaren belli,düzenli ve istikrarlı bir dizilimine geçişini vede bunu sürdürmeye devam ettiğinden.Fotonların kapalı kaldığı alanlardaki yayılım yoğunluğunu grafiğe dönüştürüyorum.Yüzlerca yada binlerce sene önce yaşayan insanların yaşam alanlarını yapmış oldukları ve onlardan geriye kalan yapı ( anakayaların içine oyulmuş mahsen, oda mezarları,tümülüslerin iç yapısı gibi ) ve toprak altında kalmış nesneleri görebildiğimi.Iddia ediyorum Çalışmalarımın dünya arkeolojisine büyük katkıları olacağını düşünüyorum.Zira Sarah Parcak'ın bu noktada yaptığı ve dünya arkeolojisine kazandırdığı önemli çalışmalaŕı var.Uluslararası camiada adının UZAY ARKEOLOĞU diye geçmesi boşuna değil.Bende böyle bir çalışmanın yapılabileceğini ve olması gerektiğini düşünüyorum.Uzay arkeolojisi adlı bir bölümden Arkeolog olacak öğrencilerin bununla ilgili eğitim alması geleceğimiz için harika olmaz mıydı ?Size Gordion Antik Kentinin yakınında ki kapalı ve bakir bir şekilde halen duran bir tümülüsün yaptığım analiz sonucunu tek bir kazma daha vurmadan iç mimari yapısının nasıl olduğunu gösteren bir çalışmamı gönderiyorum. Devlet tarafından bu tümülüsün açılışı yapılsa dahi gerçek Kral odasının asla bulunamayacağınında bir görseli oluyor zira günümüz Arkeologlarının bırakın kralın odasını bulmayı onun yekpare bağımsız ve bir geçidi olmayan oda olduğundan bile haberlerinin olduğunu sanmıyorum. Bir de size 1922 yılında Ingiliz Arkeolog Howard Carter'ın tutankamonun mezarını bulduğundan bu yana Krallar vadisinde hala kayip 18. Hanedana ait bir FİRAVUN MEZARI arayan Mısır eski Kültür bakanı Arkeolog ve Mısır bilimci Zahi Hawass'ın bir analizimi görmesini sizin aracılığınızla cok isterdim. Metrelerce kireç taşının altında hala açılmamış muhteşem bir firavun mezarı tespit ettim ama Zahi Hawass'ın olduğunu düşündüğü Krallar vadisinde değil Bahariye Vadisinde . İleri bir teknolojiden daha üstün olan insanın azmidir. Yazdıklarımı anlamsız ve tutarsız da kabul edebilirsiniz belki bulduğum algoritmayı anlatacak edebi ve akademik bilimsel bir dile sahip olamayabilirim ama istediğim tek şey çalışmalarıma destek olunması saygılarımla.
I'm a current enviro and geo science major, and I can't tell you how much these videos not only help in my studies but bring me a bit of happiness and joy. Hope you never stop making these! ❤
You should do a video (or at least a commentary within a video) on the subject of the North Atlantic current and if it really is in danger of collapsing, and what would happen if it did. Or have you already covered that? And what's the difference between the North Atlantic current and the AMOC?
Oh great idea! I am putting in on the list! I have actually been reading up on the AMOC in terms of its role in the megafaunal extinctions, so I will hopefully be able to do that video as well as a video fully dedicated to the AMOC and its components, such as the NAC! ;D Thanks for the suggestion ;)
Tx for another great topic. We discuss ocean challenges very seldom yet it's so critical to life on land, climate & weather. For example the gulf stream ensures Ireland, UK & Europe are actually warmer than they should be (if the AMOC slows it will get colder in those places - bye bye agriculture, beer & wine in this regions!). South Africa is drier on its western coast as the ocean is colder and the east coast is more tropical due to a warm ocean. The west coast has a thriving fishing industry awa kelp forests and much seals, penguins & other seabird species (and big shark species) due to upwelling here, but the east coast has more corals & different types of tropical fish (no large-scale fishing industry). While we don't often think about the oceans - unless to visit on our holidays to sit on the beach and play in the waves - the oceans play a critical role in the welfare of coastal countries. Billions of people around the world depend on the sea for their food & livelihoods, especially many indigenous & poorer communities in developing countries. Many foods & products we eat & use everyday include ingredients sourced from marine biodiversity, including fertilizers used in agriculture.
0:34: 🌊 Understanding the Impact of Ocean Circulation on Climate Dynamics 03:01: 🌊 Vertical mixing in oceans is influenced by seasonal changes, impacting density and circulation, ultimately affecting marine life. 6:13: 🌊 Antarctica's isolation as a continent led to significant global climate impacts through ocean circulation changes. 09:18: 🌊 Impact of Ocean Circulation on Coral Reef Ecosystems and Climate Change 12:31: 🌊 Impact of Nutrient Increase on Ocean Circulation and Oxygen Depletion Timestamps by Tammy AI
Hello, madam, I am from Pakistan, and I am working on the Cretaceous anoxic event in the eastern Tethys Ocean (Indian Plate), especially the OAE 2 Boranalli event using the proxy of biomarker TEX 86 Please make a detailed video on biomarkers and how they relate to paleoclimate. Hope my request is accepted. I learned so much from you watching all the RUclips videos of you.
It is depressing to think that degradation of the marine ecosystem by over fishing may pale in comparison to the damage we may cause due to global warming disrupting ocean circulation. I hadn't thought of more pronounced stratification or reduced upwellings which have the potential to completely upend the marine food web..
A belated congratulations....... Doctor Rachel!!! :) Very intriguing info about Ocean circulation, which I THOUGHT I knew a bit about. As always, as informative as you were charming, making learning FUN!
Well the good news is there are also negative feedback mechanisms (ones that balance instead of exaccerbate the current trend) and these are operating to balance out the positive (exaccerbating) feedback mechanisms. The positive feedbacks tend to occur at a much faster rate so we have come up with some ways in which we can increase the rate at which the negative feedbacks operate in order to help restore balance, and I will be highlighting these in a future video over C sequestration methods and their respective efficacies and drawbacks very soon! ;)
Sometimes the ocean currents stop moving. It could very well be an extinction level problem. No species has been able to try to strengthen currents before. We can try, but we have to accept two things: we might fail or ruin other processes, and we WOULD be interfering in natural systems at a scale those systems have never experienced. Everyone dies, and it appears all species go extinct. The level of thought and introspection required are not trivial.
Sometimes it cam't and goes through a process called "mass extinctions". Something I've known for 3 decades we are in a period of... And back then, it was only from over exploitation of land and sea resources.
wow awesome! this is the first video of yours I've seen, and I can already tell this channel is right up my alley. great video! edit: I just visited your website and am blown away at all the courses you have created, this is absolutely what I needed!
I love your videos! They are so well thought out and easy to follow. You make these videos so I'm inspired to want to know more. Keep up the great work!
Bernoulli's principle, while normally associated with things like aerodynamics and the behavior of fluid in pipes, more broadly describes the inverse relationship between a fluid's velocity and its pressure. Is there an application to oceanic circulation patterns? By that, I mean - as continents slowly drift apart, even if by inches, the gap between them increases. Would this increasing gap increase the pressure and reduce the velocity of circulating waters? Straits seem a little more intuitive. As landmasses approach each other, I would think there would be an increase in velocity and a corresponding decrease in pressure in the flow through the strait. Of either scenario, how would the changes in pressure and velocity affect a given flow's temperature at scale?
Fascinating presentation and very informative. I’ve been worried about the effects the melting of the Greenland glaciers will have on the Atlantic circulation patterns and the effects it will have on the Gulf Stream itself. An intriguing idea is a runaway climate collapse of the North Atlantic from the lack of circulation of equatorial waters and the loss of coastline around the world, especially along the bulge from the moon’s gravity. Major cities will have to be relocated or huge dikes or similar barriers built to delay the inevitable.
Educational yet depressing.....I need a dose of Hopium and I'm not sure ocean fertilization will do the trick. Love that U of S Carolina has so many folks working on issues related to climate and society. Hope your young students are full of energy, curiosity and determination to tackle all these interconnected social/science issues.
Great video, but I cannot believe that you never mentioned convection. The 3 main mechanisms of heat transfer are conduction, radiation and convection, and convection is the predominant form found in fluids such as the ocean and atmosphere. Convection occurs when there is a temperature difference across a certain volume of fluid, such as exists between the equator and the poles on earth. As a fluid heats, it expands, becoming less dense, and as it cools, it contracts, becoming more dense. These changes in density trigger flow in the fluid, which always takes the form of a vortex. The vortex motion of the surface waters of the ocean are not caused by the wind, it is because both the wind and surface ocean waters are driven by convection because of the temperature difference between the equator and the poles, and the Coriolis force determines whether the vortex will be clockwise or counter-clockwise. Now in the deep ocean, salinity may play a greater role than temperature, because in the deep ocean water is at 4 degrees Celsius, the temperature at which water is most dense.
Convection will stop at a temperature inversion level. Warm water (or any fluid) will rise as long as the surrounding fluid will be cooler than the rising "warmer parcel". With ocean stratification, the warmer and/or less saline water impairs convection, acting like the tropopause that limits the troposphere.
Hat tip to GeoGirl for using the term “hypoxia” along with “anoxia” Hypoxic does not equal anoxic. I see these terms used interchangably many places, and “anoxic” seems to be the term of choice even when not accurate. Hypoxia is decreased O2, below “normal”. Anoxia is ZERO O2. Hypoxia isn’t good, but it isn’t anoxia.
Yea, I know the difference, I often just don't spend the time I should explaining that in every video I talk about them (that's my bad!), and I often use them in very similar ways since the current ocean oxygen depletion is not the same everywhere, some areas are hypoxic, some are completely anoxic. But I am so glad you put this here in the comments for clarification, thank you! :)
@@GEOGIRL Oh you do better than most, and you DID drop “anoxic/hypoxic” a couple of times in this vid, indicating there IS a difference, which is a big 👍 when even the most well-known experts on this ONLY say “anoxic” or “anoxia”. You are the best 😎👍 (Edit: *I JUST MIXED THEM UP 😂😂😂)
Ooo, now I am trying to think of potential titles... - The Little Phytoplankton that Could - H2O Molecule's Big Adventure: The Water Cycle - Eutrophication and You - The Seven Circulation Habits of Highly Successful Biospheres - Abyssal Night of the Living Dead: Marine Snow
Is the deep circulation powered by the cooler deep water seeking lower ground ( I'm guessing not ) or the warm less denser water on the surface? So ... I'm wondering if the warm or cold water is the power source for the belt. ? Or are both just dragging each other? Good stuff...... and a little scary if the Atlantic belt stops. Thanks.
They are both dragging each other in a way ;) the cold saline water is driven to the depths by its higher density and the warm fresher water to the surface by its lower density, and then the overall path of the current is driven by the surface currents and locations of overturn (downwelling and upwelling) which are ultimately being driven the temperature gradient from equator to poles and associated atmospheric circulation and wind :)
I am really worried about global warming because it affects not just the biosphere but also us humans. Drying of the climate in some places and other phenomena like more frequent hurricanes are clearly a result of this. The place where I live is affected in the first...in last years precipitations are occuring worryingly less frequent and considerably milder winters have already led to much less snow which is important for agricultural productivity in a wet temperate like here in Romania (which is it seems turning to a sub-Mediterranean one). We are at the end of a week in which every day of it saw temperature highs above 15 Celsius in the southern part of the country which is more typical from mid-March onwards and there was a day with 22, which is quite abnormal.😒
Only 2,3% of the warming goes in the atmosphere, well, the troposphere to be precis. 93,% of the warming goes into the oceans. The little few% left warms land masses and melts ice. Source: I¨CC AR4 from 2007 in a graph called something like "where does the warming go" or "Components of global warming". You might be able o find the image if do you search using either of those 2 strings.
Components of global warming (where the warming goes) IPCC AR4 from 2007 93,4 % of the warming goes into the oceans 2,3% into the atmosphere (the troposphere to be precise) The little that's left warms up land masses and melts ice. So, 1,5°C represents only 2,3% of the actual global warming.
Will the gulf stream fail because of decreased salinity, as Greenland's glaciers melt, or will it just slow? I was wondering how bad this will affect the climate in the UK and Northern Europe. I can picture them developing continental Canadian Winters, but this probably would be an extreme situation that won't happen.
There is a tipping point. First slows down - 'flickers' then - which is signal of reaching tipping point. Then stops. Has had happend before. There will be almost no rain in Europe any more. (because: Atlantic colder - less water vapor - less rain) I know nobody who tries to figure out the global effect. "Energy is not lost - its just elsewhere" What about Caribean heating up suddenly? AMOC is down by 15%....now ( The latest number I know)
Latest research I saw on this topic, search for this title "Extreme Climate Impacts From Collapse of a Key Atlantic Ocean Current Could be Worse Than Expected, a New Study Warns"
Well, at least I was able to remember the phrase "Ekman spiral" before you started getting into any details. But I couldn't remember how to spell it. I was adding an extra C before the K... ... and the discussion of circulation never gets into that level of depth. (in either sense of the word)
Absolutely, eutrophication in Earth's past played a large role in forming many of the worlds major fossil fuel deposits. This is one of the topics I discuss in the ocean fertilization video (ultimately, the burial and preservation of all that carbon reverses the warming trend). We've seen this in Earth's past many times, the only caveat is that is causes major marine ecosystem devastation in the meantime, so you know, pros & cons ;)
Please make a video about phytoplankton Carbon sequestration: Through photosynthesis, phytoplankton consume carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and store it in their bodies. When they die, some of this carbon sinks to the deep ocean, where it can be locked away for thousands of years. This helps to mitigate climate change by offsetting CO2 emissions.
I have a video about that (ocean fertilization), and I am making an update soon! You can check out the original video here: ruclips.net/video/IYOTFuklRvI/видео.htmlsi=iVy7Qk3NmpmNUTyG
I'm currently trying to figure out how the weakening of the AMOC would effect phytoplankton, specifically upwelling in the antarctic and could effect trophic relationships. So basically, how would/could a weakening of the AMOC effect marine primary producers?
Excellent Presentation. Have you considered that the Heat and Turbidity of streams and rivers into the Coastal Basins of the Ocean may cause depletion of Oxygen in Coastal Zones along Continental Shelves.
Geo Girl I love your videos but I would like to understand how the molecule of CO2 traps energy, the more demonstrative in situ the better. Also I would like to know why there is still no application of CO2 as a Solar energy store like, say, nuclear energy that heats water with radiation.
I actually have a video coming out very soon about the greenhouse effect and how greenhouse gases like CO2 trap the ir radiation that Earth's surface emits, so come back in a couple weeks to see that video with helpful graphics! ;)
Have you had a science class that covered Modern Physics? To appreciate what a CO2 (or any) molecule is doing requires some understanding of what is light and how it interacts with with matter.
Think of how your flesh is transparent to X_rays, but not to visible light. Something similar takes place with CO2 and other greenhouse gases. They are transparent to visible and ultraviolet radiation, but opaque to infra-red radiation, otherwise known as radiant heat. This interacts with albedo, the reflectivity of a surface. In the case of a surface with high albedo, such as ice or snow, most of the visible light that falls on it is reflected. In the case of a low-albedo surface, such as a forest or open water, the visible and ultraviolet light is absorbed by the surface, heats it up, and because it's warmer, it will reflect infra-red light, or radiant heat. So for the greenhouse effect to occur, you need to have a filter such as CO2 that is transparent to visible and ultra-violet light but opaque to infra-red light, and behind that filter a low-albedo surface that will transform the visible and ultra-violet light into infra-red light.
@@Alex_Plante Thanks for the reply Alex Plante, but something more that I am looking besides the Infra Red on the IV is the application of it in situ in an experiment. You know, science experiments like a tube full of only CO2 exposed to the sun until it reaches a 100 degrees an melts the tube for example. So we could se how dangerous CO2 really is. Furthermore applications of it in engineering in power generation for example would be enlighting about CO2 propities. Because I am tired of seeing just papers and data about it. I want an irrefutable experiment about the heat trap of CO2. :) Until today. I never saw one.
We viewers sit in the quiet of our homes and listen to you. Were you annoyed by something when you made this video? I hope your personal life is peaceful and pleasant. If it isn't, you do have options, but change is hard. You may have to budge.
I’m sorry if it came off as I was annoyed by something when I made this! I was and am doing great in my personal life! :) I think I just get a little annoyed at our current situation whenever I make climate change related videos so sometimes I think you can probably notice the change of tone in that sense ;) But I am still hopeful, my students give me so much hope as they are always coming up with innovative ideas and solutions :)
Hello Rachel sorry I don't mean to keep nagging but I'm the guy who emailed you to do an interview with a few months ago and you said you would be able to do interview this month are you still going to do the interview with me
And yet again we get misinformation "context" on "climate change" as a banner illegitimately added to this video by RUclips itself. "Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, mainly caused by human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels." The first bit of that sentence is correct. The second bit of that sentence is utterly misrepresenting reality. Climate change is absolutely NOT "mainly caused by human activities" when talking generally. It's arguable that in the present the largest driver of current climate change is indeed human activity. However that is NOT what the "context" misinformation says. They don't qualify it with that only applying to the present. They simplisticly, disingenuously and disgracefully say "human activity" is the main cause without any qualification. What are the real main drivers of climate change over geologic time? 1. Plate configuration 2. Weathering rates 3. Ocean circulation 4. Increasing solar output 5. Milankovitch cycles For example the current glacial-interglacial pattern was created 2.6 Ma by the final full closing of the Isthmus of Panama and the cutting off of tropical water interchange between the Atlantic and Pacific. An example of plate configuration. The actual details of the glacial-interglacial pattern itself are governed by the Milankovitch cycles. None of that is anything to do with humans. These "context" posts are simplistic and in many cases objectively wrong. Nothing the channel owner can do about it unfortunately.
I would have to agree, the 'mainly caused by humans' part of the automated message has always bothered me, especially when they put it on my videos that are about ancient climate change events millions of years ago. I mean of course we play a role today, but I hope someday RUclips will add some clarity to that message.
@@GEOGIRL The warming is happening so fast, it's warmer almost every year. The warming signal at our level (in the troposphere) came out of the noise (natural variability) only in 1984. Meanwhile, the heat was accumulating in the oceans. ☮
@Truthhurts-rk5cr What other parts of the world? Please tell me. or better yet, show me a map with the temperatures since 1984 or earlier. We are talking about global average temperature at 2 meters above the surface of the land. Maybe some rare micro climate? Most of the land has already warmed by 2°C or more since 1984, when the warming signal came out of the noise. The equator is warning slower than the poles, especially the Arctic which is warming 4 times faster than average. So yes, please show me. Water absorbs mere heat than air. Ocean heat uptake "If the lower 10 km of the atmosphere were able to absorb this same quantity of heat it would warm by 36°C" From a paper published in 2015. The oceans absorb 93,4% of the warming. Only 2,3? of the warming goes into the lower part of the atmosphere, aka the troposphere. The little % left warms land masses and melts ice. But that's Physics, quite basic physics. Louis-Joseph Fourrier, a famous mathematicians was the first one to ask "why is the earth so warm in the 1820's. He was the first one to claim that something in the air was acting as a blanket. Quantum physics explains how gas molecules made of 3 or more atoms absorb IR radiation, something one can verify and show by how much with an IR spectroscope. Where I live, bot to far from N40 longitude, it sure has warmed. The river we were able to cross on on ice in January would now require a boat, and then a walk on thin ice to go to the other side. Almost no snow and quite less cold in Calgary and Switzerland tell me the friends I have that live there. But I can check global warming on a map in any part of the world I live in. I can also check sea ice, glaciers ice loss in all places where mountains are high enough, from the Rockies, to the Andes and the Alps. There are websites and channels dedicated to glaciology, what they call the cryosphere. Factual information is out there. Look it up
@Truthhurts-rk5cr By the way, if the warming was caused by the sun and not greenhouses gases, the equator would warm a lot more than the rest of the planet.
@Truthhurts-rk5cr do you now. You "feel" it. Your username is appropriate. Truth hurts for you so much it appears that you will utterly ignore it. Stop "feeling" about things. Rely on data and fact and logic instead.
The amount of hydrocarbons that can be used is partly a function on price, so if the price of hydrocarbons gets high enough becuase there is no cheaper/better alternative for some type of energy need, then those hydrocarbons that have not yet been extracted will become valuable enough to extract and process. For example, there is a lot of methane in the ground in many places on Earth that might one day be a profitable resource. The owners of subsurface mineral rights and of current hydrocarbon fuel delivery infrastructure have big lobbies & powerful means of political and economic influence to try to slow down the development of alternative fuels.@@DonExodus3 For these reasons I reckon that the rate of change of climate will lead to serious crises ( more than currently!!) before we stop using hydrocarbons. I could be wrong and some of the smart folks who see this video might explain why :)
Well, a few answers. 1) It's very hard to point at a spot on a timeline and say "THAT'S the start of the collapse." Weather-related catastrophes are ALWAYS happening, but the rate is going up. Someone in the far future may claim a point, but there will be debate. 2) Running out of such fuels also has a gradual cutoff. Barring new technology (fracking, etc) existing deposits get harder and harder to reach. Eventually, the energy cost of getting the remaining reserves exceeds the cost of retrieval. As I heard it once said, "I might pay you a dollar for an apple. I might pay you a hundred dollars for an apple. But I won't pay you two apples for one apple." Current estimates, though, put a lot of highly populated areas under water before the century is up. If you don't live near water, the people who DO are coming to you.
No for 2 reasons. There's still a lot left, specially coal. climate self reinforcing feedback loops, like dying forests, permafrost thaw (Arctic is now warming 4 times faster than the global average, and that will continue to increase to at least 8X).
Hey everyone! I just want to mention that the videos I linked on the screen at the end of the video (about ocean composition and ocean changes) are currently only out for channel members, but don't worry, they will be going public in the next couple weeks so you don't have to become a channel member to watch them, just come back next week! ;D
That said, you are of course more than welcome to become a channel member if you are interested, just know that other than early content, there are not many perks I am offering at the moment due to my busy postdoc schedule. But I will let you all know once I am getting ready to post more member content so you can join if you are interested. Thank you to everyone who is currently a member, you guys are the best!! And your support helps immensely!!! :D
Bonjour madame GeoGirl. If you remember, I'm very interested in "global warming" and write about it in French. So, I read and view a lot about it. I happen to have this article opened in one of my browser tabs and was wondering if I should write about this specific article. In any case, I'll share the title and summary with you
Title: "Extreme Climate Impacts From Collapse of a Key Atlantic Ocean Current Could be Worse Than Expected, a New Study Warns"
It's from Inside Climate News, one of the many sites I've been following for at least 8 years. I also follow most Glaciology youtube channels as it is quite interesting physics of which we are discovering new processes like #MISI (Marine Ice Shelf Instability) and #MICI (Marine Ice Cliff Instability), which are reasons why sea level may rise much more rapidly then currently projected, and would be more in line with paleo records.
We sure are living in "interesting times". ☮ and thanks for your work.
P.S. Like many scientists, I have severe doubts in carbon capture ideas, and who but us will pay for it. Beware of the marketing, because, that is what I studied 🤦♂
just a topic about oceans in general…
the lack of nutrients
usually what eats the seafood 🍤 eats it bones/shell all…
those dissolved ions/minerals… ya usually they excrete those back into the water for algae to eat
we’re not doing that
imagine if we did…
started seeding the seas to return the nutrients for the algae
like fertilizing a field
cheers
#biology
@@KhaoticDeterminism I had replied to your comment but it got deleted...
Shortly put, we killed the whales that brought nutrients to the upper layer with their 💩hence fertilizing phytoplankton.
Who will pay for fertilizing the way you suggest when the prime directive of corporations is "more profits" 🤑
Same with other controversial plans to "fix the crap we made".
How will we get the great conveyor back to working normally, or the jet Stream, or ice depletion, etc. etc.
Everyone born is already in debt for life...
Size nasıl mail atabilirim?..Benim bir tezim var görmenizi ve yardımcı olmanızı istiyorum.
Merhabalar ben Hüseyin Karaca Uzaktan algılama sistemleri üzerinde araştırma ve çalışmalar yapıyorum.Beni böyle bir çalışmaya iten ve merak uyandıran ingiliz arkeolog ve mısır bilimci Sarah Parcak'tır.Yıllar önce Mısır'da yaptığı arkeoloji kazı ve onu bu kazılara götüren ön çalışmaları oldu.Çölün ortasına kurmuş oldukları büyük bir çadırda ekibiyle son derece geliştirilmiş bilgisayar ve cihazlarla metrelerce kumun altında kalmış mezar odalarını bulabiliyordu.Tabi bunu NASA'nında dahil olduğu 7 farklı uydudan aldığı verileri kendi yazılım ekibiyle oluşturduğu programı sayesinde yapıyordu.Görünmeyeni görebilmek bulmak ve gün yüzüne çıkarmak heyecan vericiydi.Içimden böyle bir şeyi yapabilmeyi çok isterdim düşüncesi geçti.Bu konu ile ilgili araştırmalar yapmaya başladım.Konferanslar,bilimsel makaleler,çeviriler,yazılar,kitaplar vesaire öğrenmek,gelişmek ve kafamdakileri gerçekleştirebilmek için çok çaba gösterdim.Yılmadım,bıkmadım,pes etmedim.Benim artık bir hobim olmuştu.Bir çok bilgisayar programı ve algoritma denedim.Arazinin farklılığı,bitki örtü çeşitliliği,toprak yapısının,kaya ve kayaçların çoklu doğal etkene açık ve mâruz kalması gibi...Yapmak istediğim şeyin zorluğunu gösterdi.Bitki çeşitliliğinin dağılımının ve çoğalımının meydana getirdiği renk skalalarıda işin cabası.Bunu sınıflandırmak,haritalandırmak benim alanım değil.Ben toprak üstünün üst farklılığını değil alt farklılığını inceliyor ve analiz ediyorum kendi programımla.Enerjinin dünya yüzeyine çarptığı andaki meydana getirdiği ışık aksının geri dönüşündeki yaratmış olduğu anamoliteyi doğal yada anti doğal boşluk olarak kabul ettiğimiz şeyin salt bir boşluktan meydana gelmediğini,Dr.Vladimir Poponin'in yapmış olduğu deney sonucunu da gözönünde bulundurduğumda doğru yolda ilerlediğimi düşünüyorum.Bir DNA'nın kendi yapısını milyonlarca yıl koruyabildiğide bilimsel olarak kanıtlandığı için bu düşüncemde ısrar etmeyi doğal görüyorum.Akabinde kararsız ve düzensiz bir hareket kabiliyeti gösteren fotonların DNA ile etkilenişime geçtiği andan itibaren belli,düzenli ve istikrarlı bir dizilimine geçişini vede bunu sürdürmeye devam ettiğinden.Fotonların kapalı kaldığı alanlardaki yayılım yoğunluğunu grafiğe dönüştürüyorum.Yüzlerca yada binlerce sene önce yaşayan insanların yaşam alanlarını yapmış oldukları ve onlardan geriye kalan yapı ( anakayaların içine oyulmuş mahsen, oda mezarları,tümülüslerin iç yapısı gibi ) ve toprak altında kalmış nesneleri görebildiğimi.Iddia ediyorum Çalışmalarımın dünya arkeolojisine büyük katkıları olacağını düşünüyorum.Zira Sarah Parcak'ın bu noktada yaptığı ve dünya arkeolojisine kazandırdığı önemli çalışmalaŕı var.Uluslararası camiada adının UZAY ARKEOLOĞU diye geçmesi boşuna değil.Bende böyle bir çalışmanın yapılabileceğini ve olması gerektiğini düşünüyorum.Uzay arkeolojisi adlı bir bölümden Arkeolog olacak öğrencilerin bununla ilgili eğitim alması geleceğimiz için harika olmaz mıydı ?Size Gordion Antik Kentinin yakınında ki kapalı ve bakir bir şekilde halen duran bir tümülüsün yaptığım analiz sonucunu tek bir kazma daha vurmadan iç mimari yapısının nasıl olduğunu gösteren bir çalışmamı gönderiyorum. Devlet tarafından bu tümülüsün açılışı yapılsa dahi gerçek Kral odasının asla bulunamayacağınında bir görseli oluyor zira günümüz Arkeologlarının bırakın kralın odasını bulmayı onun yekpare bağımsız ve bir geçidi olmayan oda olduğundan bile haberlerinin olduğunu sanmıyorum. Bir de size 1922 yılında Ingiliz Arkeolog Howard Carter'ın tutankamonun mezarını bulduğundan bu yana Krallar vadisinde hala kayip 18. Hanedana ait bir FİRAVUN MEZARI arayan Mısır eski Kültür bakanı Arkeolog ve Mısır bilimci Zahi Hawass'ın bir analizimi görmesini sizin aracılığınızla cok isterdim. Metrelerce kireç taşının altında hala açılmamış muhteşem bir firavun mezarı tespit ettim ama Zahi Hawass'ın olduğunu düşündüğü Krallar vadisinde değil Bahariye Vadisinde . İleri bir teknolojiden daha üstün olan insanın azmidir. Yazdıklarımı anlamsız ve tutarsız da kabul edebilirsiniz belki bulduğum algoritmayı anlatacak edebi ve akademik bilimsel bir dile sahip olamayabilirim ama istediğim tek şey çalışmalarıma destek olunması saygılarımla.
I'm a current enviro and geo science major, and I can't tell you how much these videos not only help in my studies but bring me a bit of happiness and joy. Hope you never stop making these! ❤
Excellent DR GEO GIRL thanks
well this was awesome as usual. i always wondered how the well known conveyor belt currents tied into the rest. gracias lady.
You should do a video (or at least a commentary within a video) on the subject of the North Atlantic current and if it really is in danger of collapsing, and what would happen if it did. Or have you already covered that? And what's the difference between the North Atlantic current and the AMOC?
Oh great idea! I am putting in on the list! I have actually been reading up on the AMOC in terms of its role in the megafaunal extinctions, so I will hopefully be able to do that video as well as a video fully dedicated to the AMOC and its components, such as the NAC! ;D Thanks for the suggestion ;)
Tx for another great topic. We discuss ocean challenges very seldom yet it's so critical to life on land, climate & weather. For example the gulf stream ensures Ireland, UK & Europe are actually warmer than they should be (if the AMOC slows it will get colder in those places - bye bye agriculture, beer & wine in this regions!).
South Africa is drier on its western coast as the ocean is colder and the east coast is more tropical due to a warm ocean. The west coast has a thriving fishing industry awa kelp forests and much seals, penguins & other seabird species (and big shark species) due to upwelling here, but the east coast has more corals & different types of tropical fish (no large-scale fishing industry).
While we don't often think about the oceans - unless to visit on our holidays to sit on the beach and play in the waves - the oceans play a critical role in the welfare of coastal countries. Billions of people around the world depend on the sea for their food & livelihoods, especially many indigenous & poorer communities in developing countries. Many foods & products we eat & use everyday include ingredients sourced from marine biodiversity, including fertilizers used in agriculture.
0:34: 🌊 Understanding the Impact of Ocean Circulation on Climate Dynamics
03:01: 🌊 Vertical mixing in oceans is influenced by seasonal changes, impacting density and circulation, ultimately affecting marine life.
6:13: 🌊 Antarctica's isolation as a continent led to significant global climate impacts through ocean circulation changes.
09:18: 🌊 Impact of Ocean Circulation on Coral Reef Ecosystems and Climate Change
12:31: 🌊 Impact of Nutrient Increase on Ocean Circulation and Oxygen Depletion
Timestamps by Tammy AI
Congrats on 50k!
Thank you! ;D
@@GEOGIRL This comment was hidden until I clicked on "sort comments by newest". Weird eh... I was looking for one of my own in a reply.
☮
@@GEOGIRL😊
@@a.randomjack6661 oh that is weird!
@@GEOGIRL Not when you spend your life on youtube Dr.
Great video, the ocean system truly illustrates the meaning of biogeochemistry!
Hello, madam, I am from Pakistan, and I am working on the Cretaceous anoxic event in the eastern Tethys Ocean (Indian Plate), especially the OAE 2 Boranalli event using the proxy of biomarker TEX 86
Please make a detailed video on biomarkers and how they relate to paleoclimate. Hope my request is accepted.
I learned so much from you watching all the RUclips videos of you.
It is depressing to think that degradation of the marine ecosystem by over fishing may pale in comparison to the damage we may cause due to global warming disrupting ocean circulation. I hadn't thought of more pronounced stratification or reduced upwellings which have the potential to completely upend the marine food web..
A belated congratulations....... Doctor Rachel!!! :) Very intriguing info about Ocean circulation, which I THOUGHT I knew a bit about. As always, as informative as you were charming, making learning FUN!
Thank you so much!😊 so glad you enjoyed the video as well!
Incredibly important video! 🎉😊
The Doctor is in! Another great video. Thank you
CONGRATULATIONS on 50,000 subscribers!!! You're half-way to the RUclips silver plaque!
Thank you Ted! So excited! ;D
@@GEOGIRL Ah yes, I can call you Doctor now 👏👏👏
Well done.
And covering 70% of the Earth's surface. It's important
Eutrophication is why it was such a big deal a few decades ago to start advertising laundry detergents as phosphorus free.
loved this!
Yikes. How the heck does earth break out of these runaway effects if everything seems to compound the problem everywhere else?
Well the good news is there are also negative feedback mechanisms (ones that balance instead of exaccerbate the current trend) and these are operating to balance out the positive (exaccerbating) feedback mechanisms. The positive feedbacks tend to occur at a much faster rate so we have come up with some ways in which we can increase the rate at which the negative feedbacks operate in order to help restore balance, and I will be highlighting these in a future video over C sequestration methods and their respective efficacies and drawbacks very soon! ;)
@@GEOGIRL fingers crossed it doesn't take tens of thousands of years xD
Sometimes the ocean currents stop moving. It could very well be an extinction level problem. No species has been able to try to strengthen currents before. We can try, but we have to accept two things: we might fail or ruin other processes, and we WOULD be interfering in natural systems at a scale those systems have never experienced. Everyone dies, and it appears all species go extinct. The level of thought and introspection required are not trivial.
In 10 - 20 years we have a far more stressed population.
dumber, less cooperation, more fear and anger, depression.
@@oqsy
Sometimes it cam't and goes through a process called "mass extinctions". Something I've known for 3 decades we are in a period of... And back then, it was only from over exploitation of land and sea resources.
wow awesome! this is the first video of yours I've seen, and I can already tell this channel is right up my alley. great video!
edit: I just visited your website and am blown away at all the courses you have created, this is absolutely what I needed!
Thank you so much for the kind words! So glad you like the channel! Let me know if you ever have any video suggestions ;)
I love your videos! They are so well thought out and easy to follow. You make these videos so I'm inspired to want to know more. Keep up the great work!
Bernoulli's principle, while normally associated with things like aerodynamics and the behavior of fluid in pipes, more broadly describes the inverse relationship between a fluid's velocity and its pressure.
Is there an application to oceanic circulation patterns? By that, I mean - as continents slowly drift apart, even if by inches, the gap between them increases. Would this increasing gap increase the pressure and reduce the velocity of circulating waters? Straits seem a little more intuitive. As landmasses approach each other, I would think there would be an increase in velocity and a corresponding decrease in pressure in the flow through the strait. Of either scenario, how would the changes in pressure and velocity affect a given flow's temperature at scale?
Fascinating presentation and very informative. I’ve been worried about the effects the melting of the Greenland glaciers will have on the Atlantic circulation patterns and the effects it will have on the Gulf Stream itself.
An intriguing idea is a runaway climate collapse of the North Atlantic from the lack of circulation of equatorial waters and the loss of coastline around the world, especially along the bulge from the moon’s gravity. Major cities will have to be relocated or huge dikes or similar barriers built to delay the inevitable.
Educational yet depressing.....I need a dose of Hopium and I'm not sure ocean fertilization will do the trick. Love that U of S Carolina has so many folks working on issues related to climate and society. Hope your young students are full of energy, curiosity and determination to tackle all these interconnected social/science issues.
Great video, but I cannot believe that you never mentioned convection. The 3 main mechanisms of heat transfer are conduction, radiation and convection, and convection is the predominant form found in fluids such as the ocean and atmosphere. Convection occurs when there is a temperature difference across a certain volume of fluid, such as exists between the equator and the poles on earth. As a fluid heats, it expands, becoming less dense, and as it cools, it contracts, becoming more dense. These changes in density trigger flow in the fluid, which always takes the form of a vortex. The vortex motion of the surface waters of the ocean are not caused by the wind, it is because both the wind and surface ocean waters are driven by convection because of the temperature difference between the equator and the poles, and the Coriolis force determines whether the vortex will be clockwise or counter-clockwise. Now in the deep ocean, salinity may play a greater role than temperature, because in the deep ocean water is at 4 degrees Celsius, the temperature at which water is most dense.
Convection will stop at a temperature inversion level. Warm water (or any fluid) will rise as long as the surrounding fluid will be cooler than the rising "warmer parcel".
With ocean stratification, the warmer and/or less saline water impairs convection, acting like the tropopause that limits the troposphere.
Hat tip to GeoGirl for using the term “hypoxia” along with “anoxia”
Hypoxic does not equal anoxic. I see these terms used interchangably many places, and “anoxic” seems to be the term of choice even when not accurate. Hypoxia is decreased O2, below “normal”. Anoxia is ZERO O2. Hypoxia isn’t good, but it isn’t anoxia.
Yea, I know the difference, I often just don't spend the time I should explaining that in every video I talk about them (that's my bad!), and I often use them in very similar ways since the current ocean oxygen depletion is not the same everywhere, some areas are hypoxic, some are completely anoxic. But I am so glad you put this here in the comments for clarification, thank you! :)
@@GEOGIRL Oh you do better than most, and you DID drop “anoxic/hypoxic” a couple of times in this vid, indicating there IS a difference, which is a big 👍 when even the most well-known experts on this ONLY say “anoxic” or “anoxia”. You are the best 😎👍
(Edit: *I JUST MIXED THEM UP 😂😂😂)
So it turns out I was right and my ex was wrong. It really is the motion of the ocean that counts,
El Nino also usually equals more rain for southwest US too. See Lake Manly.
I hope you have plans for a graphic novel. I've no doubt it would be a bestseller. Know anybody in the Art Department out there?
Ooo, now I am trying to think of potential titles...
- The Little Phytoplankton that Could
- H2O Molecule's Big Adventure: The Water Cycle
- Eutrophication and You
- The Seven Circulation Habits of Highly Successful Biospheres
- Abyssal Night of the Living Dead: Marine Snow
Not so much smiling in this episode. Some hard facts about an increasingly grim future.
Good episode GG, thanks for the reality hit.
I have faith that Rachel’s generation and the kids they are teaching & mentoring will solve many of these problems.
@@barbaradurfee645
Good on ye lass. Optimism and optimists we need.
Is the deep circulation powered by the cooler deep water seeking lower ground ( I'm guessing not ) or the warm less denser water on the surface? So ... I'm wondering if the warm or cold water is the power source for the belt. ? Or are both just dragging each other? Good stuff...... and a little scary if the Atlantic belt stops. Thanks.
They are both dragging each other in a way ;) the cold saline water is driven to the depths by its higher density and the warm fresher water to the surface by its lower density, and then the overall path of the current is driven by the surface currents and locations of overturn (downwelling and upwelling) which are ultimately being driven the temperature gradient from equator to poles and associated atmospheric circulation and wind :)
@@GEOGIRL Aha, Got it . Thanks
This was so interesting and well presented
Thanks! So glad to hear that ;D
I have dissertation on snowline movement if you please make a video on it. It will be really helpful 🙂
I am really worried about global warming because it affects not just the biosphere but also us humans. Drying of the climate in some places and other phenomena like more frequent hurricanes are clearly a result of this. The place where I live is affected in the first...in last years precipitations are occuring worryingly less frequent and considerably milder winters have already led to much less snow which is important for agricultural productivity in a wet temperate like here in Romania (which is it seems turning to a sub-Mediterranean one). We are at the end of a week in which every day of it saw temperature highs above 15 Celsius in the southern part of the country which is more typical from mid-March onwards and there was a day with 22, which is quite abnormal.😒
Only 2,3% of the warming goes in the atmosphere, well, the troposphere to be precis. 93,% of the warming goes into the oceans. The little few% left warms land masses and melts ice. Source: I¨CC AR4 from 2007 in a graph called something like "where does the warming go" or "Components of global warming". You might be able o find the image if do you search using either of those 2 strings.
Components of global warming (where the warming goes) IPCC AR4 from 2007
93,4 % of the warming goes into the oceans 2,3% into the atmosphere (the troposphere to be precise) The little that's left warms up land masses and melts ice.
So, 1,5°C represents only 2,3% of the actual global warming.
I think this video is fast so, i have to watch it again to understand.
But it is nice and very helpful for my studies also.
Thank u
Rachel 🍨,
Thank you for the very informative video 🎬.
Maybe someday someone will try and spray reflective crystals between the Earth and the sun.
Will the gulf stream fail because of decreased salinity, as Greenland's glaciers melt, or will it just slow? I was wondering how bad this will affect the climate in the UK and Northern Europe. I can picture them developing continental Canadian Winters, but this probably would be an extreme situation that won't happen.
There is a tipping point. First slows down - 'flickers' then - which is signal of reaching tipping point. Then stops. Has had happend before.
There will be almost no rain in Europe any more. (because: Atlantic colder - less water vapor - less rain)
I know nobody who tries to figure out the global effect. "Energy is not lost - its just elsewhere" What about Caribean heating up suddenly?
AMOC is down by 15%....now ( The latest number I know)
Latest research I saw on this topic, search for this title "Extreme Climate Impacts From Collapse of a Key Atlantic Ocean Current Could be Worse Than Expected, a New Study Warns"
Well, at least I was able to remember the phrase "Ekman spiral" before you started getting into any details. But I couldn't remember how to spell it. I was adding an extra C before the K...
... and the discussion of circulation never gets into that level of depth. (in either sense of the word)
Oh yea, definitely didn't get that in depth, but I love where your head is at! haha Maybe in a future video ;)
Is eutrophication a potential explanation for coal and oil deposits? Or what happens to all that carbon?
Absolutely, eutrophication in Earth's past played a large role in forming many of the worlds major fossil fuel deposits. This is one of the topics I discuss in the ocean fertilization video (ultimately, the burial and preservation of all that carbon reverses the warming trend). We've seen this in Earth's past many times, the only caveat is that is causes major marine ecosystem devastation in the meantime, so you know, pros & cons ;)
Please make a video about phytoplankton
Carbon sequestration: Through photosynthesis, phytoplankton consume carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and store it in their bodies. When they die, some of this carbon sinks to the deep ocean, where it can be locked away for thousands of years. This helps to mitigate climate change by offsetting CO2 emissions.
I have a video about that (ocean fertilization), and I am making an update soon! You can check out the original video here: ruclips.net/video/IYOTFuklRvI/видео.htmlsi=iVy7Qk3NmpmNUTyG
I'm currently trying to figure out how the weakening of the AMOC would effect phytoplankton, specifically upwelling in the antarctic and could effect trophic relationships.
So basically, how would/could a weakening of the AMOC effect marine primary producers?
Excellent Presentation. Have you considered that the Heat and Turbidity of streams and rivers into the Coastal Basins of the Ocean may cause depletion of Oxygen in Coastal Zones along Continental Shelves.
❤
Geo Girl I love your videos but I would like to understand how the molecule of CO2 traps energy, the more demonstrative in situ the better. Also I would like to know why there is still no application of CO2 as a Solar energy store like, say, nuclear energy that heats water with radiation.
I actually have a video coming out very soon about the greenhouse effect and how greenhouse gases like CO2 trap the ir radiation that Earth's surface emits, so come back in a couple weeks to see that video with helpful graphics! ;)
Have you had a science class that covered Modern Physics? To appreciate what a CO2 (or any) molecule is doing requires some understanding of what is light and how it interacts with with matter.
@@TheDanEdwards That was very unnecessary from you sir. I need to have the details of how heat is trapped at molecular level, the science behind it.
Think of how your flesh is transparent to X_rays, but not to visible light. Something similar takes place with CO2 and other greenhouse gases. They are transparent to visible and ultraviolet radiation, but opaque to infra-red radiation, otherwise known as radiant heat. This interacts with albedo, the reflectivity of a surface. In the case of a surface with high albedo, such as ice or snow, most of the visible light that falls on it is reflected. In the case of a low-albedo surface, such as a forest or open water, the visible and ultraviolet light is absorbed by the surface, heats it up, and because it's warmer, it will reflect infra-red light, or radiant heat. So for the greenhouse effect to occur, you need to have a filter such as CO2 that is transparent to visible and ultra-violet light but opaque to infra-red light, and behind that filter a low-albedo surface that will transform the visible and ultra-violet light into infra-red light.
@@Alex_Plante Thanks for the reply Alex Plante, but something more that I am looking besides the Infra Red on the IV is the application of it in situ in an experiment. You know, science experiments like a tube full of only CO2 exposed to the sun until it reaches a 100 degrees an melts the tube for example. So we could se how dangerous CO2 really is. Furthermore applications of it in engineering in power generation for example would be enlighting about CO2 propities. Because I am tired of seeing just papers and data about it. I want an irrefutable experiment about the heat trap of CO2. :) Until today. I never saw one.
We viewers sit in the quiet of our homes and listen to you. Were you annoyed by something when you made this video? I hope your personal life is peaceful and pleasant. If it isn't, you do have options, but change is hard. You may have to budge.
I’m sorry if it came off as I was annoyed by something when I made this! I was and am doing great in my personal life! :) I think I just get a little annoyed at our current situation whenever I make climate change related videos so sometimes I think you can probably notice the change of tone in that sense ;) But I am still hopeful, my students give me so much hope as they are always coming up with innovative ideas and solutions :)
Hello Rachel sorry I don't mean to keep nagging but I'm the guy who emailed you to do an interview with a few months ago and you said you would be able to do interview this month are you still going to do the interview with me
Hi Joseph, yes, I saw your email. I am so sorry, I will be getting back to you as soon as I can! Sorry for the delay! Thank you for being patient :)
@GEOGIRL Okay you're welcome also are you still using the same Is from your old University?
And yet again we get misinformation "context" on "climate change" as a banner illegitimately added to this video by RUclips itself.
"Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, mainly caused by human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels."
The first bit of that sentence is correct. The second bit of that sentence is utterly misrepresenting reality. Climate change is absolutely NOT "mainly caused by human activities" when talking generally. It's arguable that in the present the largest driver of current climate change is indeed human activity. However that is NOT what the "context" misinformation says. They don't qualify it with that only applying to the present. They simplisticly, disingenuously and disgracefully say "human activity" is the main cause without any qualification.
What are the real main drivers of climate change over geologic time?
1. Plate configuration
2. Weathering rates
3. Ocean circulation
4. Increasing solar output
5. Milankovitch cycles
For example the current glacial-interglacial pattern was created 2.6 Ma by the final full closing of the Isthmus of Panama and the cutting off of tropical water interchange between the Atlantic and Pacific. An example of plate configuration. The actual details of the glacial-interglacial pattern itself are governed by the Milankovitch cycles. None of that is anything to do with humans.
These "context" posts are simplistic and in many cases objectively wrong. Nothing the channel owner can do about it unfortunately.
I would have to agree, the 'mainly caused by humans' part of the automated message has always bothered me, especially when they put it on my videos that are about ancient climate change events millions of years ago. I mean of course we play a role today, but I hope someday RUclips will add some clarity to that message.
@@GEOGIRL The warming is happening so fast, it's warmer almost every year. The warming signal at our level (in the troposphere) came out of the noise (natural variability) only in 1984. Meanwhile, the heat was accumulating in the oceans. ☮
@Truthhurts-rk5cr What other parts of the world? Please tell me. or better yet, show me a map with the temperatures since 1984 or earlier.
We are talking about global average temperature at 2 meters above the surface of the land.
Maybe some rare micro climate?
Most of the land has already warmed by 2°C or more since 1984, when the warming signal came out of the noise.
The equator is warning slower than the poles, especially the Arctic which is warming 4 times faster than average.
So yes, please show me.
Water absorbs mere heat than air.
Ocean heat uptake
"If the lower 10 km of the atmosphere were able to absorb this same quantity of heat it would warm by 36°C"
From a paper published in 2015. The oceans absorb 93,4% of the warming. Only 2,3? of the warming goes into the lower part of the atmosphere, aka the troposphere. The little % left warms land masses and melts ice.
But that's Physics, quite basic physics. Louis-Joseph Fourrier, a famous mathematicians was the first one to ask "why is the earth so warm in the 1820's.
He was the first one to claim that something in the air was acting as a blanket.
Quantum physics explains how gas molecules made of 3 or more atoms absorb IR radiation, something one can verify and show by how much with an IR spectroscope.
Where I live, bot to far from N40 longitude, it sure has warmed. The river we were able to cross on on ice in January would now require a boat, and then a walk on thin ice to go to the other side.
Almost no snow and quite less cold in Calgary and Switzerland tell me the friends I have that live there.
But I can check global warming on a map in any part of the world I live in. I can also check sea ice, glaciers ice loss in all places where mountains are high enough, from the Rockies, to the Andes and the Alps.
There are websites and channels dedicated to glaciology, what they call the cryosphere.
Factual information is out there. Look it up
@Truthhurts-rk5cr By the way, if the warming was caused by the sun and not greenhouses gases, the equator would warm a lot more than the rest of the planet.
@Truthhurts-rk5cr do you now. You "feel" it.
Your username is appropriate. Truth hurts for you so much it appears that you will utterly ignore it.
Stop "feeling" about things. Rely on data and fact and logic instead.
Damn, forgot to comment, one for the al gore rhythm
Would it be possible to run out of fossil fuels before earth warms enough to cause a global collapse of society and order?
No
@@barbaradurfee645 why not?
The amount of hydrocarbons that can be used is partly a function on price, so if the price of hydrocarbons gets high enough becuase there is no cheaper/better alternative for some type of energy need, then those hydrocarbons that have not yet been extracted will become valuable enough to extract and process. For example, there is a lot of methane in the ground in many places on Earth that might one day be a profitable resource. The owners of subsurface mineral rights and of current hydrocarbon fuel delivery infrastructure have big lobbies & powerful means of political and economic influence to try to slow down the development of alternative fuels.@@DonExodus3 For these reasons I reckon that the rate of change of climate will lead to serious crises ( more than currently!!) before we stop using hydrocarbons. I could be wrong and some of the smart folks who see this video might explain why :)
Well, a few answers. 1) It's very hard to point at a spot on a timeline and say "THAT'S the start of the collapse." Weather-related catastrophes are ALWAYS happening, but the rate is going up. Someone in the far future may claim a point, but there will be debate. 2) Running out of such fuels also has a gradual cutoff. Barring new technology (fracking, etc) existing deposits get harder and harder to reach. Eventually, the energy cost of getting the remaining reserves exceeds the cost of retrieval. As I heard it once said, "I might pay you a dollar for an apple. I might pay you a hundred dollars for an apple. But I won't pay you two apples for one apple."
Current estimates, though, put a lot of highly populated areas under water before the century is up. If you don't live near water, the people who DO are coming to you.
No for 2 reasons.
There's still a lot left, specially coal.
climate self reinforcing feedback loops, like dying forests, permafrost thaw (Arctic is now warming 4 times faster than the global average, and that will continue to increase to at least 8X).
size nasıl mail atabilirim?
Welp. We're doomed.
How about a special episode of Doomsday prophets and their predictions?