Egypt's Dam Problem: The Geopolitics of the Nile
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- Опубликовано: 8 ноя 2020
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Writing by Sam Denby
Research by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy
Editing by Alexander Williard
Animation by Josh Sherrington
Sound by Graham Haerther
Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster
Select footage courtesy the AP Archive
References:
[1] www.economist.com/middle-east...
[2] www.economist.com/node/216883...
[3] www.economist.com/leaders/202...
[4] www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/...
[5] www.economist.com/middle-east...
[6] www.bbc.com/news/world-africa...
[7] www.ifpri.org/blog/whats-futu...
[8] data.worldbank.org/indicator/...
[9] www.worldfinance.com/infrastr...
[10] www.iwtc.info/2007_pdf/2-5.pdf
[11] www.washingtonpost.com/world/...
[12] www.hidasse.gov.et/web/guest/...
[13] egyptindependent.com/sudan-an...
[14] foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/28/...
[15] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of...
[16] data.worldbank.org/indicator/...
[17] web.archive.org/web/201708240...
[18] spectrum.ieee.org/energy/poli...
[19] www.press.et/english/?p=20760#
[20] www.cnn.com/2015/03/06/africa...
Musicbed SyncID:
MB013HQAMU1QWXR
I am glad that how much it rains in London is an acceptable measuring unit.
Until you realize most of the people viewing the video have no real concept of how much rain falls in London.
@@mnichols1979 Judging by top gear, prolly a lot.
@@mnichols1979 I'm not British, but I know them well enough to understand its a rainy place over there.
Same for my state actually :)
Not much, really. There are many places in Canada where it rains more :)
@@KaiserMattTygore927 Sydney is a sunny place. It rains twice as much as London.
Ah yes, almost forgot that water wars are still on the menu...
U need to know the problem deeper The project is for [ 6000 mega] not [16.000 ] ` X `wrong info and last informations said that they reduced power turbines to €1900 mega€ because of building failure in studies of dam.and location we offered them giving the electrical that would be lost in filling dam in 7-12 year for free untill they get the enough water power by 100% we improve our production from 22.000»⟩ 56.000 mega in 2015-2020 only
And we offerd them a airport and sail ports to get all its exports from middeteran sea with trains from egypt to Sudan to Ethiopian and we offer to invest 8b $ in agriculture and manufacturer but Ethiopian government is refusing they are using this dam as a flag unite political of there population by giving thereaten to Egyptian
And public will realize ot soon we are talking for 10 years ! For a peace agreement for the history of or nations of africa
We in egypt using 85b cubic meter of water every year for food 55 for nil and 30 b cubic meter from imports food from usa russia china india to get enough food for 109m Egyptians and 5 m Syrian and 3m Libyan 5 m Sudanese 2 m Palestine 15m +109m Egy =124m people lives in Egypt land all our cities close by nil
I try to give u some of our problems and what we are trying to achieve in (peace ) talks
Ethiopian had 1500b cubic meter down on there country and can feed all world population if they used it carefully like Egypt did in 7000years of culture
They had a 95m agriculture filds
Egypt had 8.5m only this can give u more info about problem
Just let the dutch manage them
@@mohamedsonofkemetegypt979 Talk about Euro when you can have mega€ amirite? Can I have the 6000 mega instead? Or the 56.000 mega? I may offerd or thereaten an agreement on that one. Maybe 22.000>> 3 m 4b nil 85b Xm+32m Edgy can do us an agriculture?
I mean you got a point but ffs I got a stroke reading this
they are the SPECIALITY
Your name is unique..bro
Great video, I'm egyptian and I really hope the governments of Egypt and Ethiopia cooperate for a better future for the region
Bro. Thank you. Atleast good words. Ethiopian here.
@@danielabraham5901 🇪🇬 ♥️ 🇪🇹
Sorry but the water originates in Ethiopia, therefore it belongs to ETHIOPIA and not Egypt giving them the right to do with it as they choose...even bottling it, all of it...so be glad you are getting anything at all.
Egypt had better learn water conservation or move to Ethiopia
@@c.a.greene8395 lol i'm not égyptienne or éthiopien, from what you wrote you are just saying: ok guys start a war hhhh
@@son-of-the-moorish-empire no I am saying Egypt had better learn some negotiating skills, stop making demand on resources that do not belong to them.
Instead of being the neighborhood bully, maybe they could try being a good neighbor for a change?
Rules left behind by white men hold no sway in any of these nations UNLESS they benefit them!
The nations involved need to sit at the table znd work it out.
Usa pays Canada for its water znd hydro , it's not given freely, we work it out in trade and barter...I'm sure a nation of people known for barter skills can figure out how to trade to keep water flowing down stream.
gotta respect sam's professionalism. he said 'kingdom of kush' without making a single joke. a legend.
Very well-done and interesting video. Unfortunately, the Nile situation doesn't seem like a problem where there's any easy solution which satisfies all parties.
Ayy wassup flag man! Didn't knew you watch good channels!
Ethiopia can compensate Egypt/Sudan for a decade or so of lower river flow while the reservoir fills. Ethiopia can also obligate itself to hold back excess flood waters to create a more stable flood cycle for Egyptian/Sudanese agriculture.
Only a third party intervention would solve this in my view... By covering the profit lost by ethiopia while slowly filling the reservoir. It will be hard for an ethiopian government to justify a more delayed return on the investment to the people, especially when the money to build the dam mainly came from taxes and bonds.
That's not the case buddy,Ethiopia wants the electricity for the economic growth,and on the other hand Egypt want the Nile all to them selves.
@@bjorntheviking6039 that won't work this country won't grow unless we don't do it our way which is the right way
1:51 HAI was gagging to make a “unde-NILE-able” joke here 😂
;-; should we tell him
I'm still in deNILE that he didn't
It wasen't that Phar on in the video
SuDAM is on the list as well
Let's hope HAI make a video about these DAM problems. They must be adressed.
To be honest, the fact that ethiopia is developing this much is one of the best things I heard all week
this is how wars starts, smiling and shaking hands.
Telling Arabs to share water will end about as well as telling them to share oil, only you cant drink oil and the desert isnt starved for oil
@@arthas640 that’s kinda racist
Countries do share oil if it is a cross country wells, The Nile is not an oil well starts and ends in Ethiopia. This is ill logic.
@@arthas640 y
say that to our Trees and animals, human beings, fields of national security = Egyptian historical slap water in river say I wanna go Egypt trust ur God that will be good for u water give Egypt power to defend Africa
your videos scratch my brain in the best way
HOLY HOLY!!! I can proudly say that I have the two HOTTEST women on this planet as MY GIRLFRIENDS! I am the unprettiest RUclipsr ever, but they love me for what's inside! Thanks for listening ben
@@AxxLAfriku how are you still not banned
@@AxxLAfriku You say Holy so much it’s like you’re begging for God
@@AxxLAfriku WHY AND HOWWWWW ARE YOU EVERYWHERE
you watch him??? what
I wrote a paper on this earlier this year and thought that more people should know about this, so I'm glad you made a video on it.
can we read it?
Dams are a kickback mechanism.
I don't care
@@eb6552 dams are a kickback mechanism.
As an Egyptian, the Muslim brotherhood are pushing for a war with Eithopia to squeeze the President Sisi .
Their media influence and pressure will ultimately push Egypt to war with Eithopia
13:07 there is two important difference between the two situation :
1 populations : the population in Mauritania and sengal who live near the river is only about 5 million, while in Egypt 100 million people live near the nile.
2 Religion: Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, and Guinea all are majority Muslim countries, while in ethiopia the ruling elite and half of the population is Christian, wether it was Tygrian or Amharic.
But what does religion have to do with it? Around 30% of the Ethiopian population is Muslim. you don't need to be of the same religion to have a cooperative relationship
@@freyethiochick9053 in case of an upcoming conflict, it is easier to make people from different religions fight each other than making people from the same religion fight each other
@@freyethiochick9053 secondly, it is not only 30%...it is about 45%....However as I said earlier those 45% do not have any representatives in the government or in the ruling elite
yes, it's easier for conflict but still very much avoidable. check your facts most surveys place the Muslim population at 33 to 35 % and they are very much represented in politics, the vice president and minister of foreign affairs is a Muslim.
also, political representation is focused more on ethnicity and place of origin rather than religion. so based on where in Ethiopia the political representative is from and the religious makeup of the area , they can be either Christian or Muslim.
even if in the future there are more Muslims it doesn't mean they'll sell out their country and national interest just because they'd be dealing with other muslims.
why would population play a role here?
You did an informative video carrying valuable and detail information and recommendation. I appreciate you for taking the GRED issue as such series for Ethiopia.
It is worth mentioning here that Nile is also 70% of entire Ethiopian water resources. While Egypt covered 100 % clean water and electricity access to its people, only 40% Ethiopians have access to clean water and electricity. While agriculture accounts 14% Egypt's GDP, 80% of Ethiopian GDP depends on agriculture. in addition Egypt's agricultural produce are highly water demanding crop like cotton and orange.Therefore, Nile is a lifeline for Ethiopians as much as it is for Egypt. There is no way Ethiopia or any upstream countries support their growing population without utilisation of their Nile.
Wow, I just woke up at 5 AM, and a new video uploaded 2 mins ago showed up! Have a great day everyone! Cheers from Japan!
5pm here
Nice! 5:39 PM here ;) Cheers from Brazil.
It 12:42 pm here in California
2 am here so good night
20:43 here in the U.K. Got the notification 3 minutes ago.
"Whiskey is for drinking, water is for fighting"
Mark Twain
Whiskey needs water. :\
Whatever you seem to allude, Ethiopia is claiming her rights & only that!
Whatever you say whoever you are, Ethiopia is here to cllaim her God given Rights
@@CHRIST-Anchord What is that right if it is harming a fellow African country. Y’all need to simmer your selfishness down a lil bit, your fellow Africans need that water and you are just going to starve them for your own personal gains? Destroy the lives of 100 million people for a hundred million others, that’s a lose lose situation and it won’t benefit anybody.
@@switch5332 bruh no offense but if it was the other way around yall whould be doing the same thing
I think Ethiopia has the upper hand for one simple reason, It owns the sources of the water and It is now rich enough to manage the water for Its own needs. Sudan and Egypt have to accept this new reality that they no longer have the power over the Nile and they must treat Ethiopia better from here on out. Apart from ecological and social reasons in that millions of people would starve in Egypt and Sudan if Ethiopia stops the flow of the Nile, I think the other reason Ethiopia will still give water to Egypt and Sudan is because Ethiopia does not expect unnecessary conflicts with those countries. Which would cost a lot, destabilize the region and ultimately hinder its economic growth.
I am happy for Ethiopia's great progress. I hope it serves the people and the Region well.
They are killing Oromo and Tigray people and you want them to serve their region well?
@@A1un9ine yes
@@etparadise7277 Amharic pri*k
@@A1un9ine no I am oromo and no one is killing us.
@@A1un9ine cry about it.
"no one known where the Nile starts, but it starts here"
ok
easy to tell where a river starts, hard to say where it’s source is
Didn’t James May find it?
There are discussion about if it should go to the source of the Victoria Lake, if it should start at the end of the lake, and how this distance should be measured... technicalities mostly!
@@541er yes. yes he did
@@541er they actually did not, strait of gibraltar arent the source of nile.
Wow, I didn’t know that Ethiopian economy makes such a progress. It would be great to see more videos on related subjects
It's simple, they sold all to big superpowers like China, Russia and US or UAE.
@@mateuszzimon8216 LIE we have one of the lowest dependence on these said powers
@@mateuszzimon8216 lol u ain’t know nothing🤣
It's actually not just Ethiopia… The whole world is doing significantly better than it did let's say 25 years ago and lots of countries are making very good progress. But instead of reporting that and celebrating this progression, we only hear how bad capitalism, the western world, and especially the USA are.
africa is developing rapidly, unfortunately with chinese aid rather than american. it is a continent with a massive amount of people, if they manage to return to the level of power they had thousands of years ago they would be a superpower today
Sam: “No one knows where its true source is“
Me, an intellectual: “Except for James Jeremy and Hammond”
They took a picture
You mean James Livingstone, Richard Livingstone and Jeremy Livingstone.
Is the Top Gear flag slightly bigger than the Union Jack? Yes it is
I presume.
Thank you I was waiting for someone to comment this
Man, i never would have thought of Ethiopia as a developing country. I guess the current Education system doesn't do Africa justice. We only learn about the shitty parts and the shitty aspects of Africa. And not about the normal, everyday, hardworking people like you and me.
Fr tho
the education system rarely does justice to broadening avenues and multitude of ways to look at something throughout the world. Instead, most education systems are filled with biases and propaganda. Learning is rarely the objective of the government.
Ethiopia is still categorized as a least developed country (nice way of saying poor) which is the lowest categorization.
@@juch3 That categorization is inaccurate
@@timenumber2 it is made by the UN.
3:40 "mediterranean ocean" yo for real?
Next mistakes video here we come!!
its an ocean, deal with it
Them Yanks just call everything an ocean.
@@pizzadeliveryman4 this channel is his "professional" channel where he doesn't get to list his mistakes
*Oceanus nostrum*
Dam Egypt, that's a problem
Dam Avery, I see you all the time
@@Israelball I think it’s a stolen account
Hello
Spotted
Here you are, again!
Ethiopia: We are building a DAM!!
Egypt: DAMN!!
Ethiopia: Frankly my dear, I don't give a dam!
And The Chinese Are The Money Lenders...?
Like Under BRI Or OBOR.... Etc
Lend... Make Them Broke....
And Enter Into A 99 Year Lease Agreement...
@@first6969 The dam was built by Ethiopian taxes and bonds. The infrastructure of the dam was 100% funded by Ethiopians
@@worldfreedom1271
Sir..
With All Respects...
It Was A Sarcastic Comment On My Part...
Look At The Main Comment... It Was From A Chinese...
The Chinese Would Have Smelled An Opportunity To Trap / Entrap The Gullible Ethiopians... And Then Lease Out The Damn Dam If A Situation Ever Arised...
So My Sarcastic Comment...
Re Read It... You Would Understand...
@@first6969
lol ok
Didn't look at the initial poster's name
The video is pretty good, only missed one point, Ethiopia can generate same amount of electricity with 14 billion cubic meters reservoir, though they want 74 bn to make a water bank and sell water to Egypt (water like oil).
It's unfortunate as selling the excess power generated alone would get a return on investment in years, not decades and would be a huge new source of revenue for their economy. They just had to go a step too far and want to sell the water too. I hope they can work things out especially for Ethiopia as they've never had the opportunity to capitalise on the Nile in the same way Egypt has done for so long.
@@thedigitalrealm7155 how is that unfortunate?
Why is it that I hated being “forced” to learn this stuff as a kid; now I learn it for fun 😂
People change.
We had bad teachers. In almost all countries, the teaching profession is a low-paid job. So either you get the bare minimum of qualified people (because those who are smarter would rather work elsewhere and make more) or you get good people turned dispassionate because of the low pay. Wendover and other educational RUclipsrs are doing this out of passion and it shows in how engaging they make their content. Of course, we had passionate teachers in school who taught in engaging ways too, but that's more of an exception rather than the norm, in my experience.
Because its video
Nearly everyone enjoys learning, they just hate school and the education system
Because learning is fun if it is not forced
There’s a very similar problem with the Colorado River, since the US states of Arizona, California, and Nevada basically have complete control of how much water reaches Mexico where a lot of people have historically depended on the river. It’s not always a nice relationship.
The states can't threaten each other with war though and the amount of water Mexico uses from the Colorado is insignificant compared to Egypt's use of the Nile.
In light of Colorado's (which is the water shed of several other rivers as well) increasing desertification issue, all the states have signed that they need to become less water dependent on Colorado. Colorado now gets first rights to all the water and the other states just need to figure out how to live with the reduced flow. Its now an end-user problem, much like how it'll probably be for Egypt.
Dude it's NOTHING similar. The Colorado river water has been 100% diverted since decades ago. Not a single drop reaches Mexico anymore. Egypt should feel REALLY lucky it's Ethiopia, not the U.S.
@@wshtb ok so after doing literally the bare minimum (looking at Google maps for about 5 minutes) the river most definitely reaches Mexico where it's diverted near Yuma mostly to a canal that then feeds irrigation systems in Baja, with what's left going into the bay of California. The canal is called "Canal Alimentador Central."
The problem with Egypt is that it tries to impose the Nile Agreement on nations that did not exist at the time.
The Nile Agreement was between The British and Egypt. Kenya was British East Africa, Uganda was the Uganda Protectorate, Tanzania was British Tanganyika (and previously German East Africa alongside Rwanda and Burundi which were handed over to the Belgians just two years prior).
None of those entities exist today and trying to impose the same conditions does not wash. No nation adheres to colonial era agreements made not by the locals but the colonial power, ever. And Ethiopia was BTW never a party to the Nile Agreement ,ever. Even though Ethiopia was an independent nation at the time.
In the end, Egypt will either have to drop its stance on the Nile and negotiate with downstream nations or it will face a united downstream pact where Uganda, Ethiopia Kenya and Tanzania continue to draw on the sources of the Nile and end up signing a defence pact that even Egypt, as powerful as it is may not want to face.
Also Egypt needs to look at what Israel has done and build giant desalination plants along its Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts and also recycle the water from sewer plants for things like watering gardens, washing cars and the likes, instead of relying on the Nile.
But they have a legitimate concern here. 100 million citizens rely on the nile, they can not just let millions starve or financially ruin themselves by importing everything. Desalination plants are very expensive, and Israel is much smaller and richer, Egypt can't afford it to the level needed. This issue is literally worth even a hard war where victory is not 100% assured because the threat is existential.
Some sort of compromise will have to be reached between the different countries. Perhaps a new agreement can be made. You can't just use a river as a downstream nation without taking the interests of upstream nations into consideration.
@@dekippiesip You can also not claim a colonial era agreement, which was made between Britain and Egypt and did not involve any of the local Africans as a valid agreement as Egypt does, because that agreement was between British East Africa, the British protectorates of Uganda and Tanganyika and the Belgian rulers of Rwanda-Urundi, not between Egypt and the present day republics of Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and South Sudan.
@@dekippiesip More than 62 million people are impacted by the Ethiopia water crisis; in fact, 7.5 percent of the global water crisis is in Ethiopia alone
Me to Egypt: what's your dam problem?
Egypt: *links to this video*
Another impressive video.
Remember back in the 80s when celebrities were singing songs and doing infomercials about the poverty in Ethiopia? Things have changed a lot since then.
@@rediettadesse2828 u mst be TPLF 😆
Yes they have
@@rediettadesse2828 Down Down TPLF
Ethiopia have paid a price by refusing to be a good old submissive African Nation in all manners of operations such as refusals of colonization , asking to join The League of Nations, Facilities the independent of all Africans and so forth. From the north Access to the see wes carved out .To the east he French blocked djibouti from the south the British supposedly Christian nation curved out Somalia more thn 1000 killo meters of ocean front to block Ethiopia . So many things happened such as as this in africa to abort the natural process of developments.
Beside those negative news or conflicts, thanks to China who has invested $billions for Ethiopia's growing economy.
Undenible f a ct.
3:37 Nile's flow was so strong that it made the Mediterranean an ocean
Is that facts?
No. Mediterranean runs at a net water loss, massive amounts come in through the strait of Gibraltar. The Nile only scratches the surface.
@@SmithMaximus you didn’t get it?
@@SmithMaximus You didn't get it lmao
😂
Awesome work on this, glad to have the extra context.
This is a really informative production. Just the best, as always, from Wendover!
It is worth mentioning here that Nile is also 70% of entire Ethiopian water resources. While Egypt covered 100 % clean water and electricity access to its people, only 40% Ethiopians have access to clean water and electricity. While agriculture accounts 14% Egypt's GDP, 80% of Ethiopian GDP depends on agriculture. in addition Egypt's agricultural produce are highly water demanding crop like cotton and orange.Therefore, Nile is a lifeline for Ethiopians as much as it is for Egypt. There is no way Ethiopia or any upstream countries support their growing population without utilisation of their Nile.
As an Egyptian, I only wish the best for both countries, Ethiopia has a right to prosper off the Nile & I would love to see that happen, yet it’s tough thinking of what’s at stake here for us if things went south, it would be disastrous for us here as we depend so highly on the Nile and I truly wish the government & people in Ethiopia understand how important this is
Egyptian needs to fight back , get the Nile back and put SISI traitor behind bars because he is selling Egypt piece by piece.
@hussein noureldin can't believe in the year of 2020 egyptian still believe in Sisi crap , 2030 egypt will be mostly a saudin property
@Member of the universe Ethiopia's pricey dam is going to fucking get turned into rubble lmao, Egypt might be shit tier country but Eithiopia is still a bottom tier country with an impossible target to defend.
As a Sudanese were just chillin but I side more with Ethiopia as it benifits us as well more than egypt
We understand how important it is for your existence but we don't take your crap of lordship on the river
title: Egypt's Dam Problem
everybody else: Egypt's Damn Problem
Nah that's only u and yo momma
😆😁😄
it aint and its not tho, but urs never told u it was actually u and everybody else cuz ur everybody elses problem did they now lol
let us find the dam snack bar
aye, let’s get to it then, lad
One of the best videos made on here, keep it up!
Thank you. One of the most thorough videos I've seen as to what's really happening there.
0:27 Really? James May would like a word...
James may - the discoverer
I stopped the video to find this comment now i can watch the rest of the video
They *claim* to have found the source. Their claim has not been recognized by any international or geographical association.
@@ObjectsInMotion Really? I didn't know that, almost like I was joking...
@@ObjectsInMotion no sir they are legitimate explorers(?) that are taken seriously not just 3 old men falling over things
Senegal river counties: water for everyone !!
Nile river countries: I’m gonna pretend i don’t hear that
Ethiopia tried to firm the cooperative framework agreement but he kind of glossed over it its sad I always read his comments watching praise but this is just skin deep
Senegal also have a big advantage : the British never got involved.
France is generally 'nicer' to its colonies, and doesn't stir up as many problems with "divide and rule" policies.
@@day2148 France problem is leaving its colonies alone
@@day2148 as a West African, I can confidently tell you France is much worse than Britain in that regard. They keep a grip so firm they control the currencies and put up dictators. It's the countries that have banded together who're able to get some distance from France.
@@benjaminlamptey1867 yeah before the brits arrived egypt was colonised by France too, I can relate
thanks for the facts presented , it's way too rare to get those.
It is worth mentioning here that Nile is also 70% of entire Ethiopian water resources. While Egypt covered 100 % clean water and electricity access to its people, only 40% Ethiopians have access to clean water and electricity. While agriculture accounts 14% Egypt's GDP, 80% of Ethiopian GDP depends on agriculture. in addition Egypt's agricultural produce are highly water demanding crop like cotton and orange.Therefore, Nile is a lifeline for Ethiopians as much as it is for Egypt. There is no way Ethiopia or any upstream countries support their growing population without utilisation of their Nile.
It's so strange seeing stock footage of large crowds. Damn, I really got used to the lockdown.
Let it go....por favor!
Have you not seen all the big crowds since Biden won.
@Wet Porridge but he’s left leaning and facists are far right
@@tiktaalikiscute1358 Ah yes because everything has to be a binary left right ideology. Fascism doesn't care about economic policy, it only cares about ultranationalism and totalitarianism. Biden may not be a fascist but don't call fascists far right.
@Wet Porridge cry more
"Are you building this dam for electrical power or for political power?"
Ethiopia: "Yes."
Because you can't do both? Sounds like progress to me.
China has been doing the same thing and South Asia isn’t happy about it. But that issue is conveniently overlooked like everything else the CCP does.
@@mnichols1979 Electrical power is a net gain. The political power in question in this instance is the power to cause damage to another country. Actually doing that or threatening it to get what you want would be a bad thing. (I'm not making any claims on whether Ethiopia would be likely to actually stoop to such extortion.)
@@kidus_tv Well, it comes with political power over downstream countries as a bonus.
@@kidus_tv YEAH but by default it will
So the solution for all the countries is just like anime "build the dam to make friends along the way" so they can work and prosper together.
Bruh we talking about humans here, we all know that it will take a while for they to see that
As an Egyptian I wish the pursper for Ethiopia and they can benefit from the Dam but they need to sign up an agreement first to make sure that Egypt and Sudan will get their share of water. Egypt wants peace because war is bad for all parties and Ethiopia needs stability to build more projects for development as well Egypt.
@@philxdev I think that Egypt is understandably insecure about one of their upstream water sources being managed but there are good sides to things to include power generation and water retention during heavy rainy season. I would say that Ethiopia will not do anything too drastic but will further advance it's goal of filling and using the dam. If Egypt were wise they would invest in diversifying their water portfolio. Actions to include building dams/ revivors in Egypt ( underground or coverd to prevent evaporation), using drip irrigation ( technology from Israel), vertical farming, and recycling of farm and city water to make the water suitable for drinking and farming again can be done. There is also technology that can pull moister from air for drinking water which can be looked into or adjusted to benefit people locally. My point is the government of Egypt is acting like a stubborn kid throwing a tantrum because they are not getting what they want versus looking into long term solutions which can benefit water scarce climates.
@@richard09able this!! Egypt's water problem is not Ethiopia's water problem since geographically the water that is inside and surrounding the country belongs to that certain country..
I am not that fluent in the geopolitical tensions of the nations involved, Sudan, Egypt and Ethiopia.. but tbh.. Egypt could be blamed for not investing in alternative source of water decades ago as they have seen their river evaporating slowly all throughout the years. I have watched an documentary that Egypts nile has been evaporating before and it affected places like ancient cities/kingdom of Kush but still, the government did not invest in alternative water sources.. They turned a blind eye into it.
Like Saudi Arabia.. KSA does not have any rivers or huge bodies of water to sustain itself so the country.. Dig up ablot of well and their waters are sourced from these wells plus waters from the ocean to try to sustain their people's need of water.
Thank you for this video, it was beautifully made!
3:23 they really do bless the rains down in Africa
Lmao
Plus the whole issue of the Aswan dam stopping the nutrient rich annual floods, which means that Egypt has gone from having some of the richest soil in the world to some of the poorest.
Yeah man protecting people from destructive floods and alligators was a bad decision right?
@@zeyadashraf6396 The floods weren't destructive, they weren't even that deep and the Egyptians had handled them fine for 6,000 years by building on high areas, creating artificial islands, etc.
Those floods were the lifeblood of the country, this is a known and proven fact.
@@Goatcha_M I am sorry but you know they could only plant 1 crop a year there not like now they can plant like rice then wheat . Rice in winter with more water and then wheat in summer because of vaporation of the water
Making them now able to feed more people
Egypt's a desert and the richest soil in the world that they get is from ethiopia they not only take the water but the soil too ...it's a black river ..
That's why the other one is called white Nike gar one is pure water
That is actually something already taking into account. Most modern dams on flood plains with brown water rivers have a mechanism to release such muds, otherwise they build up blocking the water flow, clothing the turbines and potentially damaging the dam itself.
The Three Gorges Dam in China had a major issue on that and they worked on it.
Also those rivers need a service channel for river life to migrate, otherwise downstream fish stock would die out. In Argentina and Brazil the dams on the Paraná river has that. Mud and fishes can move, also there is ship elevators to permit the crossing of cargo vessels.
The dam gives electricity pretty cheap, it controls mass flooding, it creates water reservoirs, it feed irrigation fields, and gives prosperity to everyone direct and indirectly.
The only issues are the flooding of the reserve lake that expels people and animals and the always problem of who and when controls the water flow. Here in Argentina is isn't funny when in droughts the Brazilians close the Itapú dam, the Parana goes very low and the Yaciretá dam has to cut down it's production. And the inverse during lightining massive rains, they open it too much too fast causing rapid rising levels that affect river side towns.
Lol at the shot of the chess board at 15:20 - where are you going with that bishop?
Wendover opens my eyes to another part of the world every day. Thanks.
As a man of Sudanese origin I want an equitable, peaceful solution to this issue. I think compromise and empathy will be important to the solution and I believe all 3 of our nation's have proud heritages and hopefully bright futures. Please let this be an example of countries cooperating for the sake of their people, because while politicians are quick to bicker and fight, it's the people on the ground that pay the price. From the little research I've done (I need to do more, and this video goes a long way to helping me do that, thank you.) It appears Egypt has abused its power to take more than is really fair, and to my shame the Sudanese government as been complicit in that. But I also want to say that both Egypt and Sudan have been dominated by dictators and autocrats that can only serve selfish ambitions, and they in my opinion do not represent the people of both countries desire to work together. Luckily following the Sudanese revolution, I think we are on our way to better representation, but Egypt with Sisi is still behind in that respect. I don't think retribution is the answer, and Ethiopian politicians who hold the power in their hands should think of the Sudanese and Egyptian people when they make a decision, rather than retaliating to the history of exploitation that men like Sisi and the now rightfully disposed Omar Al Bashir represent. In all honesty, if Ethiopia chooses retribution, it would be a short sighted decision, as all it would do is ensure conflict down the line, as both Sudan and Egypt will be backed into a corner. I definitely condemn the threats from Sisi though, and his disgraceful attempts to strong arm the Ethiopians when it's clear he can't exploit them any longer.
Again cooperation and compromise is the solution, and all parties, particularly Egypt must understand this. Threatening violence when there is a table for negotiations is a disgraceful action, but what do you expect from a military dictatorship upheld by foreign power, which literal survival relies on short term benefit at any cost to future generations. I hope the Ethiopians can find it in themselves to be the better country and I look forward to watching them become the successful country they were ment to be (just hopefully not at the cost of Egyptian and Sudanese lives.)
It's a choice between long term mutual benefit, or petty, short sighted, destructive, selfish, retribution-oreinted zero sum game folly that has served humanity SO well throughout history.
Peace be upon you all, my Egyptian, Sudanese and Ethiopian brothers.
Wow this was a great comment!
as an egyptian, seeing a dam that can kill 5 million egyptians, and seeing the country responsible being annoying about it. i don't think they deserve peace, we should've bombed that dam the first chance we got, I appreciate your opinion but this directly affects sudan too
@@masterofthebruh7916 I never seen that figure, I will have to look in to it. I do know that it has a potential to be devastating to Egyptian agriculture, but as to mortality I've yet to see statistics. On that note both Sudanese and Egyptian irrigation techniques, consume a lot more water than they should, and we have our short sighted governments to thank for that. Who have done little to nothing to support farmers to help them improve their farming techniques (in all honesty, they don't really help them survive either.)
Also, I feel Ethiopia does have the right to negotiate with a strong arm, the fact the Egyptian government think an agreement is binding, and are ready to threaten violence towards a country that wasn't even given a place at the table (despite having a crucial role in the ownership of the Nile) strikes me as arrogance and aggression. I understand that Egypt stands to lose the most, but that does not justify trying to retain as much dominance as possible when the geographical situation doesn't mirror that. I sometimes wonder if the Egyptian government was upstream, would they be willing to negotiate (something tells me from their historical water treaties that they would not. Hopefully Ethiopia doesn't make the same mistake.)
It is in the Egyptian governments best interest to put a divide between you and Ethiopia, which makes the use of force easier. Don't let them do that, armed escalation will only lead to retaliation and a lot of bad blood (this dam was funded by the people, not a company. Ethiopian people will definitely hate a country that takes away what they have sweated for and payed for with their own money.) Armed escalation is also stupid, if foreign powers get involved which they will if fighting breaks out, then everyone loses as "great powers" use Egypt and Ethiopian as their personal chess board, with Egyptian and Ethiopians as pawns. If the Egyptian attack fails, which it could then all Ethiopia has to do is defend and then retaliate with the most punishing dam filling policy possible, and international support will likely be on their side (Egypt shot first when the table was open.) Armed escalation is reckless and will only make things worse. Can you really see a situation in which Egypt attacks and gets what it wants, even if it goes without a hitch, which it won't, the consequences will be a high price to pay. And what precedent does that set, "if you want to share in the Niles prosperity we will hurt you."
@@fanagidey4034 thank you for your kindness. 😁
@@thesudaneseprince9675 droughts will lead to shortages in food and crop production, leading to a food crisis that will end the lives of 5 million egyptians that depend solely on the nile for growing their food. The Ethiopian decision to go against the TWO treaties giving egypt veto power (in my opinion idk about the real deal) should be an act of war
Egypt needs to start considering more water conservation projects, wastewater management and potentially desalination. If there's one thing they could have in abundance its solar energy, so they could go like Morocco and start ramping up an energy surplus of its own to run desalination projects. I'm sure there's a ton of water going to waste in Egypt where they can pick up the slack.
They're already busy building a whole new capital city so they might as well start weighing up alternatives while they are in a position to start again.
So Ethiopia has the right to use the Nile to develop as if it was the only one who ones it, and we have to pay billions to mitigate the damage they have inflicted upon us in the process
@@mohammadel-saaidy6404 tragedy of the commons 🤷🏽♂️ much like the Western Powers have been the major contributors to climate change in their developmental efforts yet we all share the consequences...
@@rorisxng
@@mohammadel-saaidy6404
Egyptian population has grown by 10 fold in the last 200 years. If the population keeps growing, Egypt will inevitably need more water conservation projects, regardless whether Ethiopia builds its dam.
@@mohammadel-saaidy6404 wait..what?
Ethiopia has filled the DAM twice with out reducing the normal flow of the river. Ethiopia has never intended to harm its neighbors. The final filling will be harmless.
15:25 the middle gentleman with the stick agree with you he himself saying 'Bright future' you both nailed it!! :))
I've been _trying_ to tell my Ethiopian family members this for some time now. It's like you took words out of my mouth.
*Thank you for this well-researched, articulate and elegantly structured video, dear. It didn't even feel like 17 minutes had passed.* I've been one of the most annoyingly apolitical folk in my group. But I think I'll spam them with this video.
.
P.s. You can follow up on this Ethiopian RUclipsr and architecture student by subscribing
You should only think about your country not someone else's
@@Nate-fr8je why though? If everybody else thought this way, this world would be hell. (mostly is, but hey)
Great to hear Ethiopia is improving!
@@WintaAssefa no it is not....never been better... built by our ancestors that often did go through hell.
Always look on the bright side of life... imagine whistling!!!!
@@Nate-fr8je that is called nationalism. And I will celebrate every percentage point reduction of this toxic mindset. The world is a big place, there is space for everyone - standing together humans can build up infrastructure and knowledge being shared by everyone reducing the unit costs of everyday products to virtually nothing. Fixed costs and automation mean we can all be rich. So rich that I'd rather be a poor person 200 years in the future than a king 200 years in the past.
Missed an opportunity to call this video “Egypt’s damn dam problem”
It's evil dam
@@user-gg5uy4ri8w God's dam
@@ls200076 *devil's dam
@@prophetshepherdbushiri6263 You do make a compelling point.
gonna get demonetized for that
It's really good that you featured not just the problem and possibility of conflict but the brilliant solution of the multinational cooperation on the opposite side of the continent. This project is a great opposrtunity to unite and be great together. I hope Ethiopia, Egypt, Sudan and all other countries involved will recognize this before jumping into a conflict which probably will not be beneficial to anyone anyway.
Great video! Thanks for making it
As a Londoner, I love that London is an international measurement of rainfall
You've actually hit the head of the real reason for the lack of cooperation on this issue. As it stands, Egypt holds a mastery over the Nile that is unsustainable in the long term where Ethiopia exists and develops. Ethiopia would likely be amenable to an institution like in the Senegal River, but only with them wearing the pants in the relationship.
For Ethiopia, the GERD is a matter of national security and prosperity. It allows the remaining 50% of the country to get electrified properly. It'll make industrialization eminently easier, and it's already the leader on the continent in that regard. To them, not building the dam is unconscionable.
For Egypt, they'd like to preserve the existing contract as much as they can. You've already touched on the threat to food supply, which is the greatest non-war risk. The other issue is a loss of political influence for Egypt. The Nile and 'control' over it is one of Egypt's few foreign policy tools - the religious influence game has been overtaken by Saudi Arabia, they're not the dominant regional military power, and they don't have the financial heft to throw around like the wealthier Gulf states.
I'd personally bet on Ethiopia unless they do something dumb...like, I dunno, start a civil war. Which, given recent news, they seem to be trying very, very hard to do.
Basically Ethopia was about to modernize but boom a civilwar
Don't know where you're from, but from an ethiopian perspective you couldn't have put it any better.
Is there any evidence of Egyptian involvement with the Tigrayans?
@@baa0325 no
@@baa0325 I'm not Ethiopian or any sort of expert in East/North Africa, so take this with a massive boatload of salt.
The Tigray conflict in Ethiopia seems to be a case of a previously privileged minority (think
This is a great episode. Thank you.
The British in 1900s : Hi Egypt. Hi Sudan. Just use this water. Don't mind where it comes from.
Ethiopia in 2020: I forgot..this was actually mine!
I like this!
Yes we Ethiopian just walk up from long sleep They use it so many year now it’s time for Ethiopia to use its own Water by the way the Nile comes from Ethiopia like 85% of it Also 65% of Ethiopia didn’t know what is electricity we just have 35% of electricity in capital city of Ethiopia Addis Ababa light can off for hours even for 3_4 day that’s why it’s big deal for Ethiopia it’s can change 114 million people
rain is yours?
did you sign a contract with clouds?
Finally, Someone is covering this issue
This issue has been covered already by multiple channels on RUclips, this is not a "breaking news", just another channel to cover the most diplomatically interesting and conflict-prone situation in Africa
@@F1R3S74R73R yeah but it's also a rather big and "trendy" one so it's doing a great job at sharing this with the everyday people
First heard of it from the channel neo
Check on Caspian Report as well.
🙄
0:25 I'm pretty sure one "captain slow" found the source
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Ethiopia and Egypt are my two favourite countries in Africa. Ethiopia has the right to progress but Egypt has the right to survive too. It’s complicated 😭
It is not progeresse it is consunse
Egypt should find alternatives.
@@midwings00 they've had years to but didn't.
Egypt has much water
Egyot should survive on expense of Ethiopian poverty/death and resource ?
Really interesting and fair explanation about Nile River
By far one of the best videos I've seen in a while! So insightful and well-researched! Never stop making these!
I've been waiting for more high-quality content on this topic. Thanks Wendover!
Fantasticly unbiased video , Great work your doing !
what a smooth end my lads great video !!!
I really enjoyed this one! I feel like in the past, some video topics have been a bit trivial, which isn't necessarily bad, but I definitely prefer and appreciate the more impactful topics! Great job!
If Egypt were so concerned with its water supply, then maybe its president needs to build more desalination plants instead of a flashy new capital city in the middle of the desert.
Yea right bcuz thats the easy way to do. Just let a river that has been flowing literally for thousands of years through your country dry up and go treat salty water. Wow dude there must be a genius behind that keyboard
@@Live91M Egypt isn't letting the river flow naturally. Egypt has built dams on the Nile and claims 66% of the water flow. How does that even make sense?
@@enqrbit ah yes here it comes, whataboutery, and not even rational one. Simply because it is a downstream country, no matter how it uses the river within its border, no other country gets harmed nor affected.
Egypt has two seas.. the harvest billions from Swiss canal.. they export 600 million barrels of petrol everyday. still they want the all nile without sharing others. it's like they want all the milk without having the cow.
Please research before you rant, egypt has and is continuously building more and more desalination plants and has been increasing the efficiency of irrigation systems and greenhouses. The cities are necessary for the rapid Urbanisation and population growth. But desalination plants are very energy inefficient and cant be the main supply for the huge population and industry.
One of the best channels who talk about this issue fairly unbiased to any side
Excellent video. Keep them coming
I noticed in that map at 1:07 you showed included Egypt's claim to the Halib Triangle but strangely also included the Bir Tawil, which neither Egypt nor Sudan claim.
he probably just based the drawing on some other maps
I noticed that too!
Map men! Map men! Map, map, map men, men!
Lol good eye! Seems like a lot of maps now forget the "dotted line" for those disputed and unclaimed lands
Egypt like to take what's not theirs like the nile
Nobody knows where Nile's true source is.
*laughs in Top Gear's British Leyland Nile Expedition
Who said that? Why do not come to Ethiopia-and see it? This is an Egyptian propaganda!!!!
Great analysis & well written script.
Totally hitting some Kingdom of Kush right now.
🤣🤣🤣🤣🇪🇹
@@petrosgrandi2662 there is always a thutmus for the kushkush
@@petrosgrandi2662 *laughs in thutmus*
The writing on your videos has gotten really good over the time
Good job man
3:37 - The Mediterranian Ocean strikes again
TIL I live by an ocean
Writing my msc thesis on the nile water debate. Interesting clip! How do I know which references concern what statements?
This is really much balanced documentary. Thank you for not advocating for Egypt, most of them do that including presedent Trum.
It’s weird seeing a video talk about your country huh
@GeneralGuy42 aren't comments international...
@@cocoabuttervaseline nahh I think he/she ment its watching a video when it's talking about your country, since there's no that many detailed videos about African countries... Myb
Egypt too busy blaming Israel to deal with Ethiopia
I think it's amazing to know more and more about your nation perfectly👍
I want to climb on GiZa
Geopolitics is fascinating and you do an excellent job expressing the dilemmas. More like this, please :)
Thanks for balanced discussion based on facts and viable scenario forecast.
I found this video interesting but these points need to be highlighted: 1. the source of Blue Nile is not Lake Tana; 2. Ethiopia receives tropical rains only in a small section of the country; 3. while it is true that there is a rain shortage in Egypt, it is equally important to note that over 80 million people in Ethiopia have no access to electricity
the electricity problem in ethiopia is largely due to distribution, not production.
@@kairon5249 that is incorrect: do you know how much electricity the country produces for over 115 million people?
google lake tana and in the first sentence you read it'll literally say that it's the source of the blue Nile.
@@yacobz that doesn’t mean it is true; google is a source of information not knowledge.
Evil project will destroy Ethiopia , it will make little electricity and hard to distribute no land beside the dam to farm , so it is just to blackmail Sudan and egypt
This entire video :
Ethiopia : Can I build a dam?
Egypt: No pls
*Ethiopia: I CAN build a dam
It's more like:
Ethiopia: I am building a dam that would make me sole controller of the Nile and give me enormous political power over you for centuries to come. Deal with it.
Egypt: Ummm... Would you not do that?
Ethiopia: Nah, we're doing it. We don't have electricity, we would like to have some.
Egypt: If you have to, Can you at least do it slowly; so it wouldn't affect us so badly?
Ethiopia: Nah, we're doing it as fast as we can.
@@bernardcraine they aren’t doing it as fast as they can though.
@hussein noureldin the dam is not even fully built and they are only partially filling the dam to see what happens they aren’t filling it in 3 years. Also please explain how the fuck Egypt has been really nice? They are threatening military action and on live television suggested creating a coup in Ethiopia.
@hussein noureldin just like your AL sisi his house burned down and the dam almost completed. dry turbine test begin in January. to control nile farmers are enough cause to control the trees that gives life for nile. if ethiopians distroy the trees until no rain then there is no nile.
One of the few balanced videos on the nile give or take a few omissions. As an Ethiopian - which also contributed for it directly from my pocket - I would like to see the dam operating quickly but things are negotiable but a treaty that Ethiopia didn't sign is by no means our concern. Egypt could come and negotiate in good faith. FYI Ethiopia was never colonized so any treaty between Egypt, Sudan and UK is null and void on our part as it is of no concern to us.
Absolutely. Egypt relying on that treaty is ridiculous.
But by the same token it can’t be in the interest of Ethiopia to actively starve another AU state and major trade partner - let alone one willing to go to war over it.
Making a joint management organisation which buys out the Ethiopian shares/bonds in the project seems like a very sensible solution, but it would take a lot of good faith negotiations from all parties. It’s a very tough situation to be sure…
This is a very good video in demonstrating the problem while don’t put an effort to figure out the source of the problem or how to resolve it. All what is Egypt is trying to do for ten years is to bind Ethiopia with an agreement to save Egypt and Sudan from this existential threat u mentioned. While Ethiopia keep refusing to sign the agreement and push to impose the reality of the dam on both countries. Absolute misery that you need to point who is trying to control whom and for what
Egypt’s main problem with the dam is not its existence, but on how the filling of the water will be done and how it would effect the rights of both Sudan and Egypt to the water of the river
That is simply a lie. We heard what your leader Morsi said, he will not allow Ethiopia to take a drop of water from the nile. Now you are losing in the diplomacy so that is your cover story. We also know damnn well how your government is funding home grown GROWN terrorist in Ethiopia trying to destabilize our country and weaken the federal government. Your wicked ways have been brought to the light, and I guarantee you now all Ethiopians know what your government is doing behind curtains. The only way forward for Egypt is to take it's fair share (if it has a share) considering they are not the source for even a single drop of the water. You guys have the audacity to claim 66% of the water while allocating 0% of the water to the country the produces 86% of the water. BTW the construction is done under our sovreign land so we are the ONLY one having the last say to what happens within our territory!!
@@blackPanther-ec7ot looool Morsi isn't even our leader
Almost didn't mention aircraft or so... I was releaved when I heard that ethiopia is building some big airport.
Wdym?
My thought exactly when that came up. I'd been afraid I was watching that wannabe HAI instead of Wendover.
yes very huge air port
Egypt: No you can't just build a dam on the Nile, the treaty says so.
Ethiopia: The Dam construction goes brrrrrrrrr.
Ethiopia didn't sign the treaty.
@@sayuas4293
If you read carefully, you'll realize this little meme doesn't say they did.
@@Ratchet4647 It sounds like they're trying to imply that Ethiopia is bound by the treaty.
@@sayuas4293 EXACTLY ethiopia was the ONLY COUNTRY THAT fought colonial and was free/INDIPENDENT at the time .. so British was ruling egypt and was more powerful so they signed it bigger for themselves then give the rest for Sudan's colonists . They leave ethiopia because we were independent free from colonism ..
And we always new about the importance of the nile but we never had the find to build a dam on it ... we were poor as the world knows... that doesn't mean we don't depend on the Nile for life.. or was left out of the stupid threaty
Egypt is doing the same thing by trying to threaten us blowing the dam .. along her allies😒😒 how about we only focus on what the international LAW says.. it says to SHARE so if egypt needs more water for her nation she must find ways .. but not take from Ethiopian right.. we also rely on it n it's OUR FUCKING RIGHT
Which treaty? Is there one among the three countries? Check the fact!
This was 2 years ago!! Now our dam is at 85% complete and we gave made two turbines operational. "The dogs shall bark and the camels shall walk" ever so elegantly!! Its our dam!!!
Wow surprisingly well done
"The Kingdom of Kush-"
[Snoop Dogg has entered the chat]
Kushi is N word in Hebrew
@@yakov95000 it’s not the N word you dummy. The N word is created by racist whites to verbalize their hatred for black people. Kush in Hebrew isn’t Ni**a but black or dark skin. Black isn’t racist word, it’s simply a fact. However, the N word is purely a racist remark.
@@Tes-qe1jc actually the N word is latin for black the negative connotation just happened in the West
was looking for this comment
@@joelGi technically speaking are old Latin people racist? In our point of view
3:40 Mediterranean Ocean epiccccc
thanks for the info.
This is very interesting.
This is the first Wendover Productions video I have watched, and I have a question. Is the William Shatner delivery how you usually narrate, or is it just emphasis for this video?
This is pretty standard.
Excellent documentary! Thank you!
am i the only one that thought when he said “this isn’t egypt’s real borders.. this is” he was just gonna show the sam borders but with bir tawil
Yeah man ! That Unclaimed triangle
@@shyamalpatel8281 I thought the same
@@mwanikimwaniki6801 That's Awesome ! Should we all claim ourselves the ruler of that land.
Ohh wait, that's been done already .
@@shyamalpatel8281 😂😂😂multiple times
@@mwanikimwaniki6801 Whoopss 😂, This time the Egyptian / Sudanese police ain't gonna leave anyone.
Love the variety of topics even though of course the aviation related ones was the first draw for me.
thanks! great video!
Egypt: No! The Nile is drying up!
The Pharaoh has joined the chat.
The original pharaohs and the pyramids were first originated in the land of kush Sudan the Egyptian version is just a knockoff of that
@@ahmedessa1364 you got it backwards. The first pyramids & civilization came from Egypt... Nubia and Sudan are much younger than Egypt
@@eca3101 That's false, the oldest pyramids are in Sudan older than the ones in Egypt