I used to fix old 747 inertial navigation systems. One model had upgraded the magnetic core memory to RAM. It used to come in occasionally with a single bit error in the program. The official explanation was the bit in RAM had been hit by a cosmic ray at altitude & was flipped. The fix was to reload, test & send it out again. It never happened on the ground. That 10km of atmosphere stops _that many_ of the particles. Hardening computers for spaceflight is _important._
Which is why the next generation or two started to use error detection and correction, so that the extra bits of memory gave enough information to correct single bit errors, and also not be fooled by bit errors in the checking memory. Yes not quite double the memory needed, but importantly gave a fix of single bit errors, and also more importantly would reliably detect that 2 or more bits had flipped, so that the system could either reset itself, and alternate system take over till first system had self tested and gotten reloaded, or at least warn that the results might be incorrect. Space bases systems worked on having 3 of each bit, and seeing that 2 at least were the same. For the really critical systems they had 5, and would vote, stopping the dissenting one, and carrying on with the task. Works for the first 2 errors with no loss of performance, but after 3 you are getting critical, but hopefully by then the slow human side can intervene. That is what enabled the shuttle to fly to orbit, using 5 computer modules to check each other, with the sixth being unimportant and providing communications to ground. If no 6 stopped no big problem, you just lost data link but still had a lot of raw data and voice going back. fix in orbit and carry on, splitting the cxomputers up and loading them for orbit use.
@@SeanBZA Yes. this was an old system based originally on the Command Module guidance system built by AC Delco. It had the 6k of magnetic core memory. They saved a bit of weight (and probably money) when it switched to solid state. But that era of hardware lacked the compute power for error correction. The latter units used in the 767s we had had 'strapped down' accelerometers & ring laser gyros, & just calculated out the effects of gravity and instrument bias.
@@smile768 MCM was used for other things prior to that, but then it was reliable for the lunar mission. Then afterwards they looked at what they built for it & thought, "Well, we spent all this time & money developing this, what else can we use it for?", and with some redesign & clever stabilisation to account for earth rotation, spherical navigation, travel rate etc. they turned it into an aircraft navigation system. The spec for it was 3+3T. This was 3 nautical miles, plus 3 for every hour of flight, and 2T 95% of the time. So after an 8 hour flight it should have you within 16 nautical miles of you destination. Use 3 for comparison and update from other navigation sources, (DME etc. This is long before GPS was available for civilian use), and it could navigate you from /to anywhere in the world via waypoints as required. And all with only 6k of memory for the program, coordinates, & scratchpad.
I didn't become extremely interested in radiation until my early 20's, and as a visual learner, radiation was a very mysterious thing to me, as the field is mostly comprised of looking only at math. However, the first time I saw a cloud chamber was a Eureka moment for me, and the experience spurred a decade of learning and studying all forms of radiation. I honestly think a cloud chamber should be in every middle school and high school science class, and I'd highly encourage if any science teachers/professors are watching this and do not have a cloud chamber, build this, and put it in your classroom, because you WILL inspire minds.
Man best cloud chamber ever, at least of those I've seen. I love how you go about your projects with every intent to get the best possible results with the constraints you have. Be it physical, size or budget you strife to get the best bang for the buck. Your "little" chamber beats a lot of school, science fair and even museum versions.
@@beesod6412 I bought the DVDs for my kids hadn’t watched since I was a kid, he’s awesome. I think you’re thinking of Bill Nye the Science Guy. I watched some of his stuff from the 90’s and he really was an a-hole to the kids. Mr Wizard may seem terse at times but I doubt he was doing on purpose. Bill Nye seemed to think he was being funny.
That last angle was nice. So you can see the trails staying in the air, the particles slowly falling down and creating peaks and troughs. Truly beautiful. I could watch that all day.
... good news. You've got several days of back catalogue to get through. This channel is just like the cool science teacher who's bored and over qualified and teaches stuff way above grade level for fun.
Like bit flips in DRAM and FLASH memory. L1 and L2 cache memory have no EDAC, oops, hope the application is not flight critical . . . . . . cold boot offten amigo. IBM Hawk data indicated about one upset per month per megabyte in early DRAMS. Just another Blue screen of death. Will start the stock market sell off for shure.
Cosmic rays are absolutely stunning. Incomprehensibly huge events in our universe, absurdly far in distance and time, die before our eyes in such ephemeral flashes. Imagine a packet of energy being generated before the dinosaurs walked the earth with a precise direction and target: the vapour that you distilled from your garden potatoes... thanks Tech Ingredients!
As a 74 year old I remember well a cloud chamber in nuclear physics at school. The chamber was very tiny but then we had access to nuclear materials that probably now would be illegal, at least here in Australia. They showed alpha, beta and gamma radiation although the area was too small and too dull to show ambient radioactivity. This was before we knew about the really tiny sub atomic particles like quarks, positrons and neutrinos etc so who knows what we were really seeing! I loved your vivid demonstration of the solar radiation. I wonder how much ambient radiation is still hanging around from the results of nuclear tests. We had lots in the deserts in central Australia before aerial explosions were banned and whilst the fallout is not dangerous far away from the test sites, there was so much fallout at the time of long half-life products that we must be still able to detect some even now. I would love to see:- * the difference between ambient daytime radiation and night time radiation, *A demonstration of the effects of magnetism, especially if an electromagnet was introduced that could swap polarity *see if everyday objects (like bananas) that are said to have radioactive material (like Potassium) showed up detectable activity. On second thoughts perhaps hold that last one since it might frighten everyone off bananas and kill our banana industry!
I've just re-watched this video after a year or so.. it still amazes me so much, especially the part about cosmic rays at the end gives me a comfortable feeling about the fact that we are all just stardust. Very well done! I love this channel.
Awesome video, nobody could've done it better! I cannot adequately express my appreciation & admiration for the raw passion, serious effort, and distilled efficient genius that is on display in every video you've shared on this channel. Bravo, good sir, Bravo!
I personally loved the rocket motor series the best, but this was the bees knees! I really appreciate it, you're as engaging and informative as my physics professor, and Sharaz is one of the all time best!
@@dexter9313 I would think they do care. More water in the atmosphere (and some walls) surely won't stop them but would be nice to see if there's visible difference with less in the way.
TI, show us the cloud chamber with the high voltage electrodes in it as you described. I'd like to see how the early scientists discovered mass, etc. using a cloud chamber. Fascinating, and I passed the video to my colleagues.
I've seen one of these cloud chambers before at a physics demonstration at my university, they're super cool. While I won't be uilding a cloud chamber, I found the techniques regarding the LEDs, thermal stuff and construction of the chamber very useful! Thanks for another fantastic episode, and a very entertaining one.
DUDE. The empty tank display is incredible! I've never actually seen a demonstration of that before. Thanks as always for posting, I really enjoy the cool stuff you guys do!
Thanks TI. It's almost 50 years since I last saw a cloud chamber. And, indeed, it had an electromagnet, to show data about the particles we could observe. The chamber was in a basement, inside a metal- and wax-lined room, to give some measure of screening from 'background' radiation. Old luminous watches are interesting, as well as somewhat concerning, because of the radium, and various radioactive contaminants, which were used in the paint. My father had an ex-RAF watch, from the 1940's, which could overload a Geiger counter at about 30 cm away from the detector.
@@CaedenV - I'd pay for / buy SHOTS of some of that alcohol, drained and tapped out of the bottom of that chamber, if the chamber was set up in a nice dark bar or lounge! I'd especially consider and ENJOY buying my ex-mother-in-law a couple of ice-cold Polonium Shots, "Grape Kool-Aid Flavored" !!! (I''d buy her shots all evening long, too - regardless of cost - if the Bartender would actually SHOOT HER at "Last Call, Closing Time!") Okay, maybe I'm getting a little carried away there, but there is definitely some kind of market there for a liquor delivery system that would be profitable, especially at some college or university watering holes! The lights, the "mood", etc would be so "cool" and enticing. "Give me a Manhattan Project, make it a Double", "I'd like a Marie Curie on the Rocks, please!" "How about a KGB Double Agent Killer for me!", the list goes on.
Addendum - How about an unofficial NAME THAT BAR CONTEST! I get first crack at "Neutrino's" How about some more names, even variants of that one - let's hear 'em!!!
I worked as a quality control technician at a color photo lab while attending college back in the 70's. We developed mostly large format color film (think 120mm) shot mostly by wedding photographers. Most of the business was printing the results of those negatives on to Kodak (aka the yellow father's) photographic paper sold in rolls. Everything in the entire process was very carefully monitored from the building humidity levels, color chemistry conditions, the high-end automated printers (for the time period) were always drifting. (We had to maintain them within +/- 3CC) The drifting was due to the vacuum tube thyratron tubes weakening, or the 6 photo-multiplier tubes aging in each printer and the halogen light sources drifting. All of this and more had to be maintained to the quality levels expected by pro photographers of the day. Dust was a constant problem, because it could land on negatives, accumulate on printer lenses, cutoff filters, light chambers, Etc. So the company had these little camel hair brushes all over the lab that had little cartridges with polonium inside. They also had compressed air blow guns that had radioactive cartridges as well. The compressed air was filtered down to 5 microns. The polonium created an ionized area of air underneath the brushes that neutralized any electrical charges on the film that were holding dust particles in place. I think the blow guns were leased by 3M back in the day. They had a special division that leased anti-static devices. The film was already developed and dry when printed, so the radiation did not fog the film. These polonium cartridges had expiration dates printed on them. Part of my job in QC was to swap them out whenever they expired or stopped working. The manufacturer was very particular in that you had to send all expired cartridges back to them first, before you could lease another replacement. The leases as I recall were good for around 6-12 months. It became such an inconvenience to track all these little radiation sources that the lab looked into HV ionizing devices to accomplish the same tasks. Although more expensive, they were cheaper to use and maintain in the long haul.
This classifies as one of your best demonstrations you have produced. BRAVO / ZULU to your channel. Respectfully, Dennis, KV4WM, A US Navy Nuclear Submarine Veteran and Licensed Amateur Radio Operator.
A year or two ago, I built one out of a peanut butter jar. I inverted the jar to use it. The metal lid sat on the dry ice. I cut the bottom out of the jar and used some glass over that to make a nice viewing window. Inside, I set up a high voltage electric field between the metal lid (now the bottom of the chamber) and a wire loop slightly smaller diameter than the jar, placed inside just below my glass "top". I found this helped immensely to control the clutter left over after the particle "events". I noticed you didnt use such an electric "sweep field". Also, i was able to sufficiently warm the top of the chamber by resting the palm of my hand on it for a few minutes to start the alcohol evaporating. I want to build another one with better lighting and a small electric heater to better control the temperature gradient. I have thought for some time some nice green LEDS would be much nicer than the flashlight I was using to illuminate the chamber. I also want to do a proper insulated box like you did for the base of the chamber. What wattage would I want for my heater on a small chamber like this? What wattage did you run on yours? How would one calculate the heater wattage needed for a given volume chamber? Thank you for a really cool video!
It would be useful if someone built a permanent cloud chamber installation and streamed the video, so that cosmic rays could be displayed and analysed frame-by-frame. A strong neodymium magnet could be used to reveal the charge on the particles. It would be interesting to watch during the coming solar maximum. That would be a very useful educational tool. Link it to a local Geiger Counter Reading of background radiation
@@timhyatt9185 there is strong secondary emissions in the earths upper atmosphere that lead to a cascade radiation burst. While our sun is the source of most of the dangerous radiation, mostly protons. There are occasional cosmic gamma ray bursts.
@@nigeljohnson9820 that was what I was saying...most of the dangerous radiation from the sun gets diverted by the magnetic field, and subsequently, the Ozone layer, but when there's a CME, we experience a marked increase. some of that dives deep enough into the atmosphere it starts interacting with molecules there, producing auroras. It's part of why the auroras become visible so much further south during solar storms. A video of a cloud chamber set up during such a time would show a marked increase in activity.....
I had heard of and knew why they are used, but never knew how to build one. A cloud chamber was mentioned in another video I watched and suddenly, up pops your video. Thank you!
i was at a museum in amsterdam (NEMO) and after a hearty Amsterdam breakfast i was intensely moved and mesmerised by the cloud chamber there. thanks for doing this. they are amazing things
I was a little hesitant to click, because of the title. I know that gazillions of particles pass through my body every second, e.g. neutrinos. I guess most of the viewers of this channel know that they are "swimming" in radiation. Also they know what a cloud chamber is. But I like that you made actually one yourself and described it in high detail, so everyone could build one. Maybe a little more info on the heaters of the alcohol at the top would be nice. Maybe I missed it. Conclusion: Very good video. No hype, no drama, no nonsense. I really appreciate this calm presentation, focused on facts and some suggestions on how to do things. Thank you.
Best one yet, my favorite. You mentioned using silicone RTV, I’m wondering if you’ve ever added corn starch to RTV to accelerate the cure? Thanks for all the fascinating and educational episodes. I’m a former USAF Missile Tech (IYAAYAS) and now own 1/3 of Guardian Financial Systems, a bank equipment company. When the vault won’t open in the morning, they call me. Other interests are model rockets, home brewing and distilling, target shooting, ballistics and Ammo reloading, guitar and vintage Hammond Organ. Check out the Hammond Tone generator to see how they got all those tones from a purely mechanical device. Love the channel.
You should demonstrate the radioactivity of a banana! ~0.1μSv. Very educational as usual. I love that it's possible to visualize radiation this way. Thank you for demonstrating.
What a coincidence - today I was just talking to a couple of people about muons (believe me I know little) and the presumed examples of alternations they have made to computer memory bits, maybe DNA, etc, and the extent of protections that chip manufacturers indulge in to prevent damage to their products. Then, up pops this, your latest piece. Of course, I learn not just about cloud chambers, but also all the attendant bits and pieces. Love your work gentlemen.
Great video, quite mesmerising to watch, especially the cosmic ray section. Just one thing, you referenced an umbrella shot to the leg which, if my memory is correct, was actually ricin, not polonium. The polonium was apparently possibly administered by teapot!
I think you should put cloud chamber in the title! I avoided watching this for an extra week before I realized what it was really about. Super cool project!
Yeah, seriously... Most people don't even know what the EM spectrum is. How are they going to know that there's radiation. Around them? I guarantee if your wanted down a street and asked 1/10 would know what light is. Maybe less.
Love your work. Not only the result which appears to be constantly improving, production wise. But more importantly the whole approach. Sharing knowledge in a clear, concise way that anyone who is curious can understand. Presenting information in an interesting way which helps to engage curious minds. This channel is achieving what I believe the ideal of social media ought to be keep up the good work.
Making a Cloud chamber was awesome, i love the visualisation of radioactive particles but also was a shock to see so many from the cosmic rays.. i had no idea they penetrated buildings like that.
Loved this, thanks for sharing your amazing DIY science with such clear explanations. I also appreciated you sending out the notification. Will these be available on the channel afterwards? I missed part of the beginning.
I really like the technical explanations, the why, in all of your (plural) videos. The thoroughness helps us understand what part is essential and what is not
It's VERY neat to see the trails from a source that emits radioactive daughter products with very short half-lives. (Half-lives in the less than 1 second range) You will see a trail that comes off the source, and then it will quickly split off into 2 separate looking trails as it transmutates into the next element in the decay chain.
Each video just gets better and better. Learning more science from this channel then I ever did in school! I'd love to see you explain how signals sent to an antenna become EM Radio transmissions and why exactly a single wire acting as an antenna can detect that over great distance.
As an airline pilot, I'm actually operating in an environment with higher radiation levels than a nuclear power plant worker. When flying into higher latitudes where the atmospheric boundary layers are lower and the Earth's magnetic flux lines are converging towards the pole, I also check space weather with solar activity. This can give me hopes of good auroras, possible communication or navigation signal issues, or if we should fly lower to protect any ladies riding along that might have "buns in their ovens". I've sketched a carry on sized cloud chamber using peltier modules and battery bricks to lay on the floor of the flight deck to video radiation activity and particle tracks at cruise altitudes. It will be fully automated needing no interaction while I perform my normal duties with a barosensor to detect cabin altitude during our climb. The smell of grain alcohol behind the cockpit door is an issue, lol! I'm a former engineer with a degree in Physical Science where I'm given center stage to observe the heavens above, the atmosphere around, and the Earth below. It's a moving experience for our passengers in geography but in soul for myself...
You might consider making a solid state scintillation detector instead. You need a pretty stable environment to allow the supersaturated vapor layer to survive. Maneuvering and vibrations could be a problem.
I'm glad to see radiation awareness going up around the internet, teaching people what it ACTUALLY is and what kind is dangerous, teaching people how to be safe. I hope soon we can reach a point where people aren't scared of 5G like a nuclear warhead
That fear is primarily not from ignorance, but from mistrust. There are a lot of areas where the user doesn't understand the principles, but is not afraid of them. The challenge would be to explain the principles so well that the user understands that the technology could not be a threat even though they still don't trust the developers of that technology.
In 1973 famous physicist Lowell Brown at the U of WA took his tiny honors class to the bubble chamber and said they named a particle "screw on" but then added he had to explain to a Chinese physicist he could not name his new particle "screw off".
INCREDIBLE! I love all of your works. Future video idea: ...............Acoustic Levitation........... Controlled, adjustable standing waves. Nanobot manipulation.
Wow. I was a little worried you wouldn’t show it empty but you did that on purpose. It’s true. Just like looking at a drop of pond water for the first time in science class (I now own a professional lab microscope) cloud chambers give you eyes to see something truly spectacular. What’s just wizzing around all of us all the time. Sorry to leave so many comments. I’ve just wanted you guys or Applied Science to build one of these forever. Actually I think Applied science should still make one. But that was really really great. You turned a science experiment into a work of art. I can die happy now. Just kidding, but I do feel more complete than I did just a little while ago. Thank you. Just incredible. Green was the absolute best choice. The thought you put into the light spread and… just, just awesome. Guys… awesome. My favorite one so far. Something I knew you could nail. You blew away my expectations. So beautiful. The way the cosmic rays contrails seem to melt. Wow. Love it.
I would love to see a follow up video on this exploring and testing more things. For example, curved particle paths with magnetic or electric fields, what materials reduce or fully block the radiation, can you enhance the effect with a laser plane… multiple different colored laser planes, and how about some ultra high speed footage to see a single particle trail develop across the screen for a full 10 seconds. Also, I found the upward traveling thicker, fingerlike protrusions particularly fascinating, Thanks, great video as always!
RE on foam board being a good electric insulator: I used foam board to build a wimshurst machine, and found a caveat : they insulate really well initially, but over time they tend to absorb some moisture and gunk on exposed foam parts if you touch them and eventually become pretty conductive. they have a mirror finish on one side and that side seems to resist this effect, but any cuts or exposed foam end up conducting over time.
I think we're talking about different types of foam board. These are sealed on their surface and do not absorb moisture. They can get dirty, but are easily wiped clean.
Even after 4 years studying physics at university, I had still only seen pictures of these in text books. I had no idea of the scale of the trails. Was I looking at life size photos….or highly magnified images? I had no idea. Thanks for sharing!!! :)
Sure. You can tell these are life size and real time if you compare the trails to the size of the sources and the spacing of the dual sources when used. Also, watch for the subtile camera movement during the live shots from the side.
You can also just put a tank under pressure (e.g. a large water cooler bottle) with a little isop alcohol at the bottle and then suddenly release the pressure. It'll create a similar effect that you can see radioactive particles with. Works pretty well in a pinch and is significantly cheaper/quicker. I modelled it for my daughter a few years back as a demonstration.
If you see a V formation of thinner lines, that's a gamma ray (leaves no trace itself) decomposing to an electron which goes one way and a positron (anti-matter) going the other way in which it eventually hits another electron and annihilates into another gamma ray. It's amazing to see you energy and matter flipping back and forth in front of your eyes.
There is one such thing to play with in the swiss technorama in Winterthur. You even allowed to play with it. Seeing this chamber in real life has had a huge impact in my understanding of the topic 🤙😎
this would be super cool to watch or have as a desktop background if it had RGB LEDs changing to different colors over time like a trippy disco or nightclub.
That's the best could chamber ever! Put an engineer to make something and get great results! I wonder what a stronger source would look like, maybe a piece of radium that has a count rate of several million per second.
For viewers who want more on cosmic rays, The Thought Emporium has a video where they make a directional radiation detector and isolate cosmic ray radiation detections, as well as talk about them in more detail. Cosmic rays are one of my favorite radiation sources as well. The interaction with the atmosphere is so energetic, it creates showers of exotic particles, the longest lived of which is what we actually see in cloud chambers and pickup in our detectors.
I used to fix old 747 inertial navigation systems. One model had upgraded the magnetic core memory to RAM. It used to come in occasionally with a single bit error in the program. The official explanation was the bit in RAM had been hit by a cosmic ray at altitude & was flipped. The fix was to reload, test & send it out again. It never happened on the ground. That 10km of atmosphere stops _that many_ of the particles. Hardening computers for spaceflight is _important._
Just enclose each CPU with my willpower.
Which is why the next generation or two started to use error detection and correction, so that the extra bits of memory gave enough information to correct single bit errors, and also not be fooled by bit errors in the checking memory. Yes not quite double the memory needed, but importantly gave a fix of single bit errors, and also more importantly would reliably detect that 2 or more bits had flipped, so that the system could either reset itself, and alternate system take over till first system had self tested and gotten reloaded, or at least warn that the results might be incorrect.
Space bases systems worked on having 3 of each bit, and seeing that 2 at least were the same. For the really critical systems they had 5, and would vote, stopping the dissenting one, and carrying on with the task. Works for the first 2 errors with no loss of performance, but after 3 you are getting critical, but hopefully by then the slow human side can intervene. That is what enabled the shuttle to fly to orbit, using 5 computer modules to check each other, with the sixth being unimportant and providing communications to ground. If no 6 stopped no big problem, you just lost data link but still had a lot of raw data and voice going back. fix in orbit and carry on, splitting the cxomputers up and loading them for orbit use.
@@SeanBZA Yes. this was an old system based originally on the Command Module guidance system built by AC Delco. It had the 6k of magnetic core memory. They saved a bit of weight (and probably money) when it switched to solid state. But that era of hardware lacked the compute power for error correction. The latter units used in the 767s we had had 'strapped down' accelerometers & ring laser gyros, & just calculated out the effects of gravity and instrument bias.
Thanks for posting. I enjoyed that, I kind of thought that magnetic core memory was just used for Apollo.
@@smile768 MCM was used for other things prior to that, but then it was reliable for the lunar mission. Then afterwards they looked at what they built for it & thought, "Well, we spent all this time & money developing this, what else can we use it for?", and with some redesign & clever stabilisation to account for earth rotation, spherical navigation, travel rate etc. they turned it into an aircraft navigation system. The spec for it was 3+3T. This was 3 nautical miles, plus 3 for every hour of flight, and 2T 95% of the time. So after an 8 hour flight it should have you within 16 nautical miles of you destination. Use 3 for comparison and update from other navigation sources, (DME etc. This is long before GPS was available for civilian use), and it could navigate you from /to anywhere in the world via waypoints as required. And all with only 6k of memory for the program, coordinates, & scratchpad.
I didn't become extremely interested in radiation until my early 20's, and as a visual learner, radiation was a very mysterious thing to me, as the field is mostly comprised of looking only at math. However, the first time I saw a cloud chamber was a Eureka moment for me, and the experience spurred a decade of learning and studying all forms of radiation. I honestly think a cloud chamber should be in every middle school and high school science class, and I'd highly encourage if any science teachers/professors are watching this and do not have a cloud chamber, build this, and put it in your classroom, because you WILL inspire minds.
I could listen to his encyclopedic knowledge all day.
It’s not just the encyclopaedic knowledge, but also a very well-researched script
Man best cloud chamber ever, at least of those I've seen.
I love how you go about your projects with every intent to get the best possible results with the constraints you have.
Be it physical, size or budget you strife to get the best bang for the buck.
Your "little" chamber beats a lot of school, science fair and even museum versions.
You're like Mr. Wizard for big kids. Thanks for all you do man.
@@jeremiahbullfrog9288 Yeah, MR. Wizard was an absolute jerk, always bashing on the kids, it was like a train wreck I couldn't stop watching
@@beesod6412 I bought the DVDs for my kids hadn’t watched since I was a kid, he’s awesome. I think you’re thinking of Bill Nye the Science Guy. I watched some of his stuff from the 90’s and he really was an a-hole to the kids. Mr Wizard may seem terse at times but I doubt he was doing on purpose. Bill Nye seemed to think he was being funny.
This is my most valued you tube subscription. Thank you for these extremely understandable high tech explanations.
Me too, imo this is the best channel on ANY medium. :)
I'd love a video of just a fixed angle shot of the empty chamber, running multiple hours
Visual ASMR 👍
That last angle was nice. So you can see the trails staying in the air, the particles slowly falling down and creating peaks and troughs. Truly beautiful. I could watch that all day.
This was a WONDERFUL video. I loved it! I’m subbing!
Thanks!
... good news. You've got several days of back catalogue to get through.
This channel is just like the cool science teacher who's bored and over qualified and teaches stuff way above grade level for fun.
@@Hebdomad7 A few days would be an understatement. So much of Tech Ingredients content are deliciously thicc, long-format videos.
Like bit flips in DRAM and FLASH memory. L1 and L2 cache memory have no EDAC, oops,
hope the application is not flight critical . . . . . . cold boot offten amigo.
IBM Hawk data indicated about one upset per month per megabyte in early DRAMS.
Just another Blue screen of death.
Will start the stock market sell off for shure.
Josh great to see you here, some excellent videos here and TI is also a ham; I’ve seen his inverted V in at least one video.
73 K9MKE
Cosmic rays are absolutely stunning. Incomprehensibly huge events in our universe, absurdly far in distance and time, die before our eyes in such ephemeral flashes.
Imagine a packet of energy being generated before the dinosaurs walked the earth with a precise direction and target: the vapour that you distilled from your garden potatoes...
thanks Tech Ingredients!
Best comment!
As a 74 year old I remember well a cloud chamber in nuclear physics at school. The chamber was very tiny but then we had access to nuclear materials that probably now would be illegal, at least here in Australia. They showed alpha, beta and gamma radiation although the area was too small and too dull to show ambient radioactivity. This was before we knew about the really tiny sub atomic particles like quarks, positrons and neutrinos etc so who knows what we were really seeing! I loved your vivid demonstration of the solar radiation.
I wonder how much ambient radiation is still hanging around from the results of nuclear tests. We had lots in the deserts in central Australia before aerial explosions were banned and whilst the fallout is not dangerous far away from the test sites, there was so much fallout at the time of long half-life products that we must be still able to detect some even now.
I would love to see:- * the difference between ambient daytime radiation and night time radiation,
*A demonstration of the effects of magnetism, especially if an electromagnet was introduced that could
swap polarity
*see if everyday objects (like bananas) that are said to have radioactive material (like Potassium) showed up detectable activity.
On second thoughts perhaps hold that last one since it might frighten everyone off bananas and kill our banana industry!
I'm so thankful our world has people this smart to share knowledge that the majority of us would never know.thank you
I've just re-watched this video after a year or so.. it still amazes me so much, especially the part about cosmic rays at the end gives me a comfortable feeling about the fact that we are all just stardust. Very well done! I love this channel.
Awesome video, nobody could've done it better! I cannot adequately express my appreciation & admiration for the raw passion, serious effort, and distilled efficient genius that is on display in every video you've shared on this channel. Bravo, good sir, Bravo!
I personally loved the rocket motor series the best, but this was the bees knees! I really appreciate it, you're as engaging and informative as my physics professor, and Sharaz is one of the all time best!
How about a particle stream propelled rocket motor?????
"one of those instances where size does matter" and "bigger is better" I feel personally attacked
Think of it as a wake-up call.😁
Please place this machine, with no sample, on a field, during a cloudless night. Just record 2-3 hours of that cosmic ray trails. Amazing stuff !
You don't even need to put it outside, cosmic rays don't care about your home insulation (nor clouds). ;)
@@dexter9313 I would think they do care. More water in the atmosphere (and some walls) surely won't stop them but would be nice to see if there's visible difference with less in the way.
@@Qwarzz fair enough, let's do the experiment !
TI, show us the cloud chamber with the high voltage electrodes in it as you described. I'd like to see how the early scientists discovered mass, etc. using a cloud chamber. Fascinating, and I passed the video to my colleagues.
I've seen one of these cloud chambers before at a physics demonstration at my university, they're super cool. While I won't be uilding a cloud chamber, I found the techniques regarding the LEDs, thermal stuff and construction of the chamber very useful! Thanks for another fantastic episode, and a very entertaining one.
Absolutely stunning results... gorgeous to just stare at.
Great job on an easy-to-make home build of a cloud chamber!
DUDE. The empty tank display is incredible! I've never actually seen a demonstration of that before. Thanks as always for posting, I really enjoy the cool stuff you guys do!
Thanks TI.
It's almost 50 years since I last saw a cloud chamber. And, indeed, it had an electromagnet, to show data about the particles we could observe. The chamber was in a basement, inside a metal- and wax-lined room, to give some measure of screening from 'background' radiation.
Old luminous watches are interesting, as well as somewhat concerning, because of the radium, and various radioactive contaminants, which were used in the paint. My father had an ex-RAF watch, from the 1940's, which could overload a Geiger counter at about 30 cm away from the detector.
I would love to see just a long recording of one of these. Seems strangely relaxing
I'll 2nd that.
just record and stream it on a loop forever with some royalty free jazz... there is a market for that. It looks amazing!
@@CaedenV - I'd pay for / buy SHOTS of some of that alcohol, drained and tapped out of the bottom of that chamber, if the chamber was set up in a nice dark bar or lounge! I'd especially consider and ENJOY buying my ex-mother-in-law a couple of ice-cold Polonium Shots, "Grape Kool-Aid Flavored" !!!
(I''d buy her shots all evening long, too - regardless of cost - if the Bartender would actually SHOOT HER at "Last Call, Closing Time!")
Okay, maybe I'm getting a little carried away there, but there is definitely some kind of market there for a liquor delivery system that would be profitable, especially at some college or university watering holes! The lights, the "mood", etc would be so "cool" and enticing. "Give me a Manhattan Project, make it a Double", "I'd like a Marie Curie on the Rocks, please!" "How about a KGB Double Agent Killer for me!", the list goes on.
Addendum - How about an unofficial NAME THAT BAR CONTEST! I get first crack at "Neutrino's" How about some more names, even variants of that one - let's hear 'em!!!
I worked as a quality control technician at a color photo lab while attending college back in the 70's. We developed mostly large format color film (think 120mm) shot mostly by wedding photographers. Most of the business was printing the results of those negatives on to Kodak (aka the yellow father's) photographic paper sold in rolls. Everything in the entire process was very carefully monitored from the building humidity levels, color chemistry conditions, the high-end automated printers (for the time period) were always drifting. (We had to maintain them within +/- 3CC) The drifting was due to the vacuum tube thyratron tubes weakening, or the 6 photo-multiplier tubes aging in each printer and the halogen light sources drifting. All of this and more had to be maintained to the quality levels expected by pro photographers of the day. Dust was a constant problem, because it could land on negatives, accumulate on printer lenses, cutoff filters, light chambers, Etc.
So the company had these little camel hair brushes all over the lab that had little cartridges with polonium inside. They also had compressed air blow guns that had radioactive cartridges as well. The compressed air was filtered down to 5 microns. The polonium created an ionized area of air underneath the brushes that neutralized any electrical charges on the film that were holding dust particles in place. I think the blow guns were leased by 3M back in the day. They had a special division that leased anti-static devices.
The film was already developed and dry when printed, so the radiation did not fog the film. These polonium cartridges had expiration dates printed on them. Part of my job in QC was to swap them out whenever they expired or stopped working. The manufacturer was very particular in that you had to send all expired cartridges back to them first, before you could lease another replacement. The leases as I recall were good for around 6-12 months. It became such an inconvenience to track all these little radiation sources that the lab looked into HV ionizing devices to accomplish the same tasks. Although more expensive, they were cheaper to use and maintain in the long haul.
This classifies as one of your best demonstrations you have produced. BRAVO / ZULU to your channel. Respectfully, Dennis, KV4WM, A US Navy Nuclear Submarine Veteran and Licensed Amateur Radio Operator.
Thank you!
Amazing experiment, I love this demonstration. Thanks to all of you of Tech Ingredients.
A year or two ago, I built one out of a peanut butter jar. I inverted the jar to use it. The metal lid sat on the dry ice. I cut the bottom out of the jar and used some glass over that to make a nice viewing window. Inside, I set up a high voltage electric field between the metal lid (now the bottom of the chamber) and a wire loop slightly smaller diameter than the jar, placed inside just below my glass "top". I found this helped immensely to control the clutter left over after the particle "events". I noticed you didnt use such an electric "sweep field". Also, i was able to sufficiently warm the top of the chamber by resting the palm of my hand on it for a few minutes to start the alcohol evaporating. I want to build another one with better lighting and a small electric heater to better control the temperature gradient. I have thought for some time some nice green LEDS would be much nicer than the flashlight I was using to illuminate the chamber. I also want to do a proper insulated box like you did for the base of the chamber. What wattage would I want for my heater on a small chamber like this? What wattage did you run on yours? How would one calculate the heater wattage needed for a given volume chamber? Thank you for a really cool video!
It would be useful if someone built a permanent cloud chamber installation and streamed the video, so that cosmic rays could be displayed and analysed frame-by-frame. A strong neodymium magnet could be used to reveal the charge on the particles. It would be interesting to watch during the coming solar maximum. That would be a very useful educational tool.
Link it to a local Geiger Counter Reading of background radiation
you might be able to detect times when we're passing thru solar storms....though most of that isn't powerful enough to reach the ground...
@@timhyatt9185 there is strong secondary emissions in the earths upper atmosphere that lead to a cascade radiation burst. While our sun is the source of most of the dangerous radiation, mostly protons. There are occasional cosmic gamma ray bursts.
@@nigeljohnson9820 that was what I was saying...most of the dangerous radiation from the sun gets diverted by the magnetic field, and subsequently, the Ozone layer, but when there's a CME, we experience a marked increase. some of that dives deep enough into the atmosphere it starts interacting with molecules there, producing auroras. It's part of why the auroras become visible so much further south during solar storms. A video of a cloud chamber set up during such a time would show a marked increase in activity.....
I had heard of and knew why they are used, but never knew how to build one. A cloud chamber was mentioned in another video I watched and suddenly, up pops your video. Thank you!
i was at a museum in amsterdam (NEMO) and after a hearty Amsterdam breakfast i was intensely moved and mesmerised by the cloud chamber there. thanks for doing this. they are amazing things
Actually a really cool demo! Love that we could actually visualise the cosmic radiation at surface level!!
Rich content, one of the best YT channels of its kind. Underrated.
not only do have an extraordinary expertise but your voice while explaining these things is also very soothing. its a joy every single time
I was a little hesitant to click, because of the title. I know that gazillions of particles pass through my body every second, e.g. neutrinos. I guess most of the viewers of this channel know that they are "swimming" in radiation. Also they know what a cloud chamber is. But I like that you made actually one yourself and described it in high detail, so everyone could build one. Maybe a little more info on the heaters of the alcohol at the top would be nice. Maybe I missed it. Conclusion: Very good video. No hype, no drama, no nonsense. I really appreciate this calm presentation, focused on facts and some suggestions on how to do things. Thank you.
Best one yet, my favorite. You mentioned using silicone RTV, I’m wondering if you’ve ever added corn starch to RTV to accelerate the cure? Thanks for all the fascinating and educational episodes. I’m a former USAF Missile Tech (IYAAYAS) and now own 1/3 of Guardian Financial Systems, a bank equipment company. When the vault won’t open in the morning, they call me. Other interests are model rockets, home brewing and distilling, target shooting, ballistics and Ammo reloading, guitar and vintage Hammond Organ. Check out the Hammond Tone generator to see how they got all those tones from a purely mechanical device. Love the channel.
Sounds like you got some interesting hobbies that would be cool to share. Subbed (if you ever make any videos I’ll watch!)
@@Lawbase Yeah, I like watching smart people too. Especially smart people that are good at explaining things.
You are the Most Completed Teacher/Master/Mentor/Engineer ...
On the net.
Thank You for another enlighting video...
Have a nice day Sir
You should demonstrate the radioactivity of a banana! ~0.1μSv.
Very educational as usual. I love that it's possible to visualize radiation this way. Thank you for demonstrating.
Videos on this channel are ACTUALLY educational. Much deeper explanations than other channels. 🔥🔥🔥
What a coincidence - today I was just talking to a couple of people about muons (believe me I know little) and the presumed examples of alternations they have made to computer memory bits, maybe DNA, etc, and the extent of protections that chip manufacturers indulge in to prevent damage to their products. Then, up pops this, your latest piece.
Of course, I learn not just about cloud chambers, but also all the attendant bits and pieces. Love your work gentlemen.
WOW! Such a cool effect. I've never seen a could chamber before and now I want to build one.
All of your content is amazing but this one is ...out of this world!
Great video, quite mesmerising to watch, especially the cosmic ray section. Just one thing, you referenced an umbrella shot to the leg which, if my memory is correct, was actually ricin, not polonium. The polonium was apparently possibly administered by teapot!
I think you should put cloud chamber in the title! I avoided watching this for an extra week before I realized what it was really about. Super cool project!
Thanks!
This will be a very thought-provoking episode for stoners on 4/20
I'm burning one right now.
I left the community observance and immediately found this. Tis true, tis true.
I’m on 1000mg of gummies right now lol
Ayoooooooooooo!
Why? Because some are TI's since they're not down with the malicious "cool" suicidal slow kill cult?
I love how mesmerizing the background radiation is. It's like looking into a fire while camping.
The last demonstration was really stunning to me, very very nice project, the coolest thing on your channel maybe. Thanks a lot!
He’s got his arms crossed. “I am f*cking pleased with this.”
"You're Swimming in Radiation... And you don't even know it!"
lol, literally anyone with eyes can see we are swimming in radiation.
*Ionizing radiation*
@@Phoenix88. ...and anyone who took physics knows _that._
Yeah, seriously... Most people don't even know what the EM spectrum is. How are they going to know that there's radiation. Around them? I guarantee if your wanted down a street and asked 1/10 would know what light is. Maybe less.
@@Akya2120 that's true, and a deep deep problem. 😔
Heck, we're swimming in man made ionizing radiation since Fukushima!
I'd just like to have a long form video of each of the materials sitting in the tanks just to watch. It's mesmerising.
This looks so beautiful. I wish you would have added a few minutes at the end with relaxing music :D
Syntox Put on headfones, play music in your headphones, and watch the video with the sound turned down! ( just not in your headfones). lol
Wouldn't it make an excellent screen saver.
@@Deipnosophist_the_Gastronomer never thought of that, but what a NEAT idea!!!!
Love your work. Not only the result which appears to be constantly improving, production wise. But more importantly the whole approach. Sharing knowledge in a clear, concise way that anyone who is curious can understand. Presenting information in an interesting way which helps to engage curious minds. This channel is achieving what I believe the ideal of social media ought to be keep up the good work.
Thanks!
I think you missed an opportunity there, to generate a magnetic field creating alpha and beta trails curving in opposite directions
And positron!
r/iamverysmart
One of the coolest things I've ever seen. Must be incredible to see in-person.
Making a Cloud chamber was awesome, i love the visualisation of radioactive particles but also was a shock to see so many from the cosmic rays.. i had no idea they penetrated buildings like that.
Neither did we!
Loved this, thanks for sharing your amazing DIY science with such clear explanations. I also appreciated you sending out the notification. Will these be available on the channel afterwards? I missed part of the beginning.
just click on his icon and you get a list of ALL the videos he and his son have made. When the new page comes up click VIDEOS
No one else would’ve been able to teach me about this better than you, thanks
By far the best material covered on this channel ... ever
Please don't do premieres or shorts.
TikTok INGREDIENTS, yo!!!!!!!!!!!
I have one word that I repeat over & over as I watch your experiments & presentations ! W O W ! Thank you for your patience !
I was blown away by the clip of the first contrails. And then at the end by the cosmic rays. I’ve never heard of this before. Thanks for sharing.
You're welcome!
I really like the technical explanations, the why, in all of your (plural) videos. The thoroughness helps us understand what part is essential and what is not
Thanks, I agree.
I seen this in Early 90's on a TV show called Connections. It's always amazing what you are taught in school to see from book to real life.
It's VERY neat to see the trails from a source that emits radioactive daughter products with very short half-lives. (Half-lives in the less than 1 second range) You will see a trail that comes off the source, and then it will quickly split off into 2 separate looking trails as it transmutates into the next element in the decay chain.
All three of you are the very best. Love you guys!
Each video just gets better and better. Learning more science from this channel then I ever did in school! I'd love to see you explain how signals sent to an antenna become EM Radio transmissions and why exactly a single wire acting as an antenna can detect that over great distance.
Best video yet! I really appreciate your channels efforts. From whiskey to cloud machines to boat builds.
Absolutely fascinating. This post just blew my mind. I just wasn't expecting that.
Can we give this guy a "best teacher of the year award".
I have my acceptance speech all ready...
that "one more thing" experiment at the end was really unexpected. Thanks!
As an airline pilot, I'm actually operating in an environment with higher radiation levels than a nuclear power plant worker. When flying into higher latitudes where the atmospheric boundary layers are lower and the Earth's magnetic flux lines are converging towards the pole, I also check space weather with solar activity. This can give me hopes of good auroras, possible communication or navigation signal issues, or if we should fly lower to protect any ladies riding along that might have "buns in their ovens".
I've sketched a carry on sized cloud chamber using peltier modules and battery bricks to lay on the floor of the flight deck to video radiation activity and particle tracks at cruise altitudes. It will be fully automated needing no interaction while I perform my normal duties with a barosensor to detect cabin altitude during our climb. The smell of grain alcohol behind the cockpit door is an issue, lol! I'm a former engineer with a degree in Physical Science where I'm given center stage to observe the heavens above, the atmosphere around, and the Earth below. It's a moving experience for our passengers in geography but in soul for myself...
You might consider making a solid state scintillation detector instead. You need a pretty stable environment to allow the supersaturated vapor layer to survive. Maneuvering and vibrations could be a problem.
I am 70 and found physics demonstrations very interesting. I remember watching Dr Julius Summer Miller doing demonstrations on PBS.
I'm glad to see radiation awareness going up around the internet, teaching people what it ACTUALLY is and what kind is dangerous, teaching people how to be safe. I hope soon we can reach a point where people aren't scared of 5G like a nuclear warhead
That fear is primarily not from ignorance, but from mistrust. There are a lot of areas where the user doesn't understand the principles, but is not afraid of them.
The challenge would be to explain the principles so well that the user understands that the technology could not be a threat even though they still don't trust the developers of that technology.
@@TechIngredients I agree with you, I wonder how it would come about one day though.
Absolutely amazing demonstration. BRAVO!
In 1973 famous physicist Lowell Brown at the U of WA took his tiny honors class to the bubble chamber and said they named a particle "screw on" but then added he had to explain to a Chinese physicist he could not name his new particle "screw off".
Very detailed and clear, one of the best science and tech channel on youtube.
6:49 Same applies in Carpentry - you can never have too many clamps. You will never hear a woodworker say "I wish I didn't have so many clamps!"
Best cloud chamber I ever saw. Excellent video.
love to see a video of just the cloud chamber running for a couple of hours with some nice backing music.
Thank you for such a detailed description of the construction of a smoke chamber detector. This brings me one step closer to observing my hypothesis.
INCREDIBLE! I love all of your works.
Future video idea: ...............Acoustic Levitation...........
Controlled, adjustable standing waves. Nanobot manipulation.
Thanks. I'd never heard of a cloud chamber. Absolutely fascinating, and your presentation is great.
This is by far the best video you've ever made
Wow. I was a little worried you wouldn’t show it empty but you did that on purpose. It’s true. Just like looking at a drop of pond water for the first time in science class (I now own a professional lab microscope) cloud chambers give you eyes to see something truly spectacular. What’s just wizzing around all of us all the time. Sorry to leave so many comments. I’ve just wanted you guys or Applied Science to build one of these forever. Actually I think Applied science should still make one. But that was really really great. You turned a science experiment into a work of art. I can die happy now. Just kidding, but I do feel more complete than I did just a little while ago. Thank you. Just incredible. Green was the absolute best choice. The thought you put into the light spread and… just, just awesome. Guys… awesome. My favorite one so far. Something I knew you could nail. You blew away my expectations. So beautiful. The way the cosmic rays contrails seem to melt. Wow. Love it.
This might be the coolest project you've done, so far.
Extraordinary! Thank you for sharing the knowledge.
Perfect!
Maybe demonstrate reflecting the particles back to the source.
hahaha! "back off the growth hormone..." so casually in the lecture. pretty great guys!
I would love to see a follow up video on this exploring and testing more things. For example, curved particle paths with magnetic or electric fields, what materials reduce or fully block the radiation, can you enhance the effect with a laser plane… multiple different colored laser planes, and how about some ultra high speed footage to see a single particle trail develop across the screen for a full 10 seconds. Also, I found the upward traveling thicker, fingerlike protrusions particularly fascinating, Thanks, great video as always!
RE on foam board being a good electric insulator:
I used foam board to build a wimshurst machine, and found a caveat : they insulate really well initially, but over time they tend to absorb some moisture and gunk on exposed foam parts if you touch them and eventually become pretty conductive. they have a mirror finish on one side and that side seems to resist this effect, but any cuts or exposed foam end up conducting over time.
I think we're talking about different types of foam board. These are sealed on their surface and do not absorb moisture. They can get dirty, but are easily wiped clean.
@@TechIngredients they are sealed on the surface, but the foam is exposed on the edges and that's the area that can get conductive
This is one of the coolest videos you have made!
Even after 4 years studying physics at university, I had still only seen pictures of these in text books. I had no idea of the scale of the trails. Was I looking at life size photos….or highly magnified images? I had no idea. Thanks for sharing!!! :)
Sure.
You can tell these are life size and real time if you compare the trails to the size of the sources and the spacing of the dual sources when used. Also, watch for the subtile camera movement during the live shots from the side.
You can also just put a tank under pressure (e.g. a large water cooler bottle) with a little isop alcohol at the bottle and then suddenly release the pressure. It'll create a similar effect that you can see radioactive particles with. Works pretty well in a pinch and is significantly cheaper/quicker. I modelled it for my daughter a few years back as a demonstration.
You deserve more viewers! Great stuff.
Very cool. Visually striking, as if smoke was lightning.
It was cool seeing Particles react. Makes me wonder what, and how to build my next house.
If you see a V formation of thinner lines, that's a gamma ray (leaves no trace itself) decomposing to an electron which goes one way and a positron (anti-matter) going the other way in which it eventually hits another electron and annihilates into another gamma ray. It's amazing to see you energy and matter flipping back and forth in front of your eyes.
There is one such thing to play with in the swiss technorama in Winterthur. You even allowed to play with it. Seeing this chamber in real life has had a huge impact in my understanding of the topic 🤙😎
Just amazing... I forget everything you said but my world feels more radiated.
this would be super cool to watch or have as a desktop background if it had RGB LEDs changing to different colors over time like a trippy disco or nightclub.
That's the best could chamber ever! Put an engineer to make something and get great results! I wonder what a stronger source would look like, maybe a piece of radium that has a count rate of several million per second.
For viewers who want more on cosmic rays, The Thought Emporium has a video where they make a directional radiation detector and isolate cosmic ray radiation detections, as well as talk about them in more detail. Cosmic rays are one of my favorite radiation sources as well. The interaction with the atmosphere is so energetic, it creates showers of exotic particles, the longest lived of which is what we actually see in cloud chambers and pickup in our detectors.