डेंगु रोग | Dengue in Nepali | परिचय । लक्षण । रोकथाम ।

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Dengue:
Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Dengue virus is transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly of the species Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Ae. albopictus. These mosquitoes are also vectors of chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika viruses.
The virus responsible for causing dengue, is called dengue virus (DENV). There are four DENV serotypes and it is possible to be infected four times.
Dengue causes a wide spectrum of disease. This can range from subclinical disease (people may not know they are even infected) to severe flu-like symptoms in those infected. Although less common, some people develop severe dengue, which can be any number of complications associated with severe bleeding, organ impairment and/or plasma leakage. Severe dengue has a higher risk of death when not managed appropriately.
Dengue is caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family and there are four distinct, but closely related, serotypes of the virus that cause dengue (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4). Recovery from infection is believed to provide lifelong immunity against that serotype. However, cross-immunity to the other serotypes after recovery is only partial, and temporary. Subsequent infections (secondary infection) by other serotypes increase the risk of developing severe dengue.
If you know you have dengue, avoid getting further mosquito bites during the first week of illness. Virus may be circulating in the blood during this time, and therefore you may transmit the virus to new uninfected mosquitoes, who may in turn infect other people.
The proximity of mosquito vector breeding sites to human habitation is a significant risk factor for dengue. At present, the main method to control or prevent the transmission of dengue virus is to combat the mosquito vectors. This is achieved through:
Prevention of mosquito breeding:
Preventing mosquitoes from accessing egg-laying habitats by environmental management and modification;
Disposing of solid waste properly and removing artificial man-made habitats that can hold water;
Covering, emptying and cleaning of domestic water storage containers on a weekly basis;
Applying appropriate insecticides to water storage outdoor containers;
Personal protection from mosquito bites:
Using of personal household protection measures, such as window screens, repellents, coils and vaporizers. These measures must be observed during the day both inside and outside of the home (e.g.: at work/school) because the primary mosquito vectors bites throughout the day;
Wearing clothing that minimises skin exposure to mosquitoes is advised;
Community engagement:
Educating the community on the risks of mosquito-borne diseases;
Engaging with the community to improve participation and mobilization for sustained vector control;
Active mosquito and virus surveillance:
Active monitoring and surveillance of vector abundance and species composition should be carried out to determine effectiveness of control interventions;
Prospectively monitor prevalence of virus in the mosquito population, with active screening of sentinel mosquito collections;
Vector surveillance can be combined with clinical and environment surveillance.
In addition, there is ongoing research amongst many groups of international collaborators in search of novel tools and innovative strategies that will contribute in global efforts to interrupt transmission of dengue. The integration of vector management approaches is encouraged by WHO to achieve sustainable, effective locally adapted vector control interventions.