Native copper and silver ores also exist. And copper famously oxidizes very quickly (the Statue of Liberty is copper, but oxidized and turned green) In fact, the discovery of native copper ores at various separate times throughout history (in the Americas possibly 8000 years ago, Africa, India, China, Europe, and Western Asia) is likely what spurred the chalcolithic age (copper age, about 1000 years before the Bronze Age) and therefore the eventual societal progression of mankind. I don’t know enough to the chemistry of oxidation to comment on it, but I do know that it plays a role in the abundance of native gold deposits, but not really on whether or not it CAN be deposited in native form. Fun fact: native iron technically exists, but it really is just meteoric iron. Very different mode of deposition haha. The Egyptians may have used these for over 5000 years. A dagger of King Tutankhamen was found to be made of this meteoric iron. Native metals are cool!
Yes other native metals do exist, but the degree they oxidize greatly effects how long the stick around in the environment. Native copper in streams and rivers go away fast because the oxidation wears off fast. in a dry dessert environment they stick around longer. However they still slowly go away, unlike gold which stays around basically for ever.
When whites found the copper deposits in Michigan , they found boulders of native copper , some bigger than houses . They had to use sledgehammers and chisels to cut up the giant boulders into manageable sized chunks . You can still find chunks of copper laying around from where they chiseled the boulders apart , along with smaller boulders and masses of native copper . Temperature plays a role as well , and the warmer it is , the faster the rate of most chemical reactions . So hot arid regions and colder wet regions tend to allow native metals to stick around longer versus warmer and wetter climates .
Great lesson for the masses, I'd also like to point out a common falacy namely people think gold is used in electronics because it's a good conductor, it is not silver, copper and aluminum are all better conductors. But as you point out it doesn't corrode, so sensitive components especially those that make contacts benifit from a coating of gold.....sometimes only atoms thick.
That is how you get 'Concrete Cancer in reinforced concrete structures as moisture reaches the reinforcing steel bars and corrodes the metal. This causes the metal to swell as it corrodes, which in turn can cause the outer surface of the concrete to crack which leads to more corrosion and on it goes.
@@markfryer9880 which makes you wonder why we're don't use aluminum, titanium or another metal sroung enough to handle the load but forms an oxides that are don't flake off and expand as much iron gets is comparably weaker to aluminum oxides as iron likes to crumble off when other metals oxides stay on stronger and won't continue to rust because the first layer is covering everything else
@@Dr.LethalContactThe tensile strength is the main desire for something to reinforce concrete and aluminum's tensile strength is about 4 times less than steel. Titanium is expensive.
You can also find silver, copper, mercury and iron as native metals. Some other metals have been found native but only rarely, like lead, arsenic, antimony and tin.
I learned this in automotive class when my teacher was talking trash on Subarus because they had an ad that said we care about our customers so much that we put gold cufflinks in our airbags we found out there like that in every airbag everywhere because gold does not corrode
I wonder how many minds were blown with this guy at geology camps, if he does them. I’ve worked with geologists for years and they all have their own different opinions and takes.
The pure (natural) state is the oxidized state, gold has another positive state of pure without oxidation and another without hydration but still positive molecularly in the sense of it's still a pure substance.
Quartz is one of the most common minerals on earth so that is probably why. You’re likely thinking of the stereotype that gold is associated with rotted quartz. If you want a deeper dive, you can look up geochemical associations of gold in specific environments - look up greenstone belts for example.
There isn't always significant iron with quartz , but , as common as both are , they are commonly found together . Neither is a good indicator of gold , alone or in combination . For that , the geologic context where you find them , is far more important . Most rusty quartz veins in gold districts are barren of gold or host only a trace of gold . Only in locations where the geology is right will sampling quartz veins lead you to gold , and even then , you have your work cut out for you . I have lots of rusty limestone and shales in my area . You can find lead , zinc and occasionally silver . But you will find no gold . Arkansas is world famous for it's quartz crystals . They were deposited in veins that also deposited lots of iron and manganese minerals along with adularia feldspar . Most of the adularia decomposed along with the iron and manganese minerals , forming the deeply colored pocket clays that sticks so tenaciously to the quartz crystals and anything else it comes in contact with . Nary a spec of gold has ever been found there . So forget about quartz and gold until you get to gold country . Otherwise you are probably just dreaming .
Interesting fact, gold is third on a chart of electrical conductivity. In order they are silver, copper then gold. The main reason gold is used for contacts in electronics is because it doesn't oxidize.
Zlato napríklad reaguje s plynným chlórom . Keby máme v atmosfére chlór , tak zhrdzavie aj zlato . Ale keďže chlór sa v atmosfére nevyskytuje , zlato nehrdzavie ...
well sorta, copper has been found in huge quantities in the metallic form and oxidizes, only once the oxide layer is formed it stops oxidizing. Same is true for chromium which, as far as i know, is never found as a metal.
If the oxides erode away, then why don't the non-oxides erode away? Are they not subject to the same erosion forces (water/wind for example)? If there was a mountain made of gold next to a mountain or aluminum, would the aluminum mountain erode, but the gold mountain not erode? ...Or does the oxidation break the metal down, and the small particles get washed away? ...but if they do get washed away, then where do they go? Do they disappear forever? (as in they're no longer found in nature?)
Gold, and most platinum group metals sure do stick around for a while :) finding shipwreck gold for example that has been under salt water for hundreds or even thousands of years is untouched other than maybe some coral growing on it :)
Gold will oxidize, but the oxide is less stable than the metal at room temp. I think its the only metal that can make that claim. The reason aqua regia works is because nitric acid is powerful enough to oxidize the gold for long enough that the hydrochloric acid can dissolve the oxide. Copper is one that can be found native, in fact I was just out cutting some to play with at work. but it will readily oxidize.
It’s funny how even though you might already know something, it takes an interesting prospecting legend to say it out loud to hear how amazing the fact is! Cheers Dan ✨
What's the solution to preventing metals from becoming oxidized? Is there like a layer that we can put over it, like made of graphene or carbyne or something?? how do we fix it?
I'd argue this is actually a chemistry lesson.
Geology embraces all sources of information from chemistry to astronomy.
Ore weathering and oxidizing is for sure both geology and chemistry
The great thing about geology is it encompasses ALL the sciences! LOVE IT
Metallurgy
Physics
My daughter and I just learned something new. Thanks Dan.
Not intending to be mean, but did you really not know about oxides the difference between them and (most) precious metals?
Native copper and silver ores also exist. And copper famously oxidizes very quickly (the Statue of Liberty is copper, but oxidized and turned green) In fact, the discovery of native copper ores at various separate times throughout history (in the Americas possibly 8000 years ago, Africa, India, China, Europe, and Western Asia) is likely what spurred the chalcolithic age (copper age, about 1000 years before the Bronze Age) and therefore the eventual societal progression of mankind. I don’t know enough to the chemistry of oxidation to comment on it, but I do know that it plays a role in the abundance of native gold deposits, but not really on whether or not it CAN be deposited in native form.
Fun fact: native iron technically exists, but it really is just meteoric iron. Very different mode of deposition haha. The Egyptians may have used these for over 5000 years. A dagger of King Tutankhamen was found to be made of this meteoric iron. Native metals are cool!
Yes other native metals do exist, but the degree they oxidize greatly effects how long the stick around in the environment. Native copper in streams and rivers go away fast because the oxidation wears off fast. in a dry dessert environment they stick around longer. However they still slowly go away, unlike gold which stays around basically for ever.
When whites found the copper deposits in Michigan , they found boulders of native copper , some bigger than houses .
They had to use sledgehammers and chisels to cut up the giant boulders into manageable sized chunks .
You can still find chunks of copper laying around from where they chiseled the boulders apart , along with smaller boulders and masses of native copper .
Temperature plays a role as well , and the warmer it is , the faster the rate of most chemical reactions .
So hot arid regions and colder wet regions tend to allow native metals to stick around longer versus warmer and wetter climates .
I’m oxidizing, but I think I’m doing it with style. Glad to see you’re on your game Mr. Hurd! Keep on keeping on.
Lesson learned! Dont throw your gold and platinum away, it will not biodegrade.
😂
Damn millionaires polluting the environment with their bars of gold.
@@anastasiadudette706 We demand changes!
@@anastasiadudette706 I'm gonna open a landfill.
Cool. Learned something new today. Thanks for making my day! At 67 yo, I love learning new stuff.
All hail the WORD OF HURD ❤
Oxidation on copper is a very good thing.
Unless it's in your electronics. 😹
Now I know why my Ford pick up rusted out, they need to be made from gold.
They still will not run!😂
Thank you Mr Dan, that was a very fun lesson keep em coming!
Great lesson for the masses, I'd also like to point out a common falacy namely people think gold is used in electronics because it's a good conductor, it is not silver, copper and aluminum are all better conductors. But as you point out it doesn't corrode, so sensitive components especially those that make contacts benifit from a coating of gold.....sometimes only atoms thick.
Thank you very interesting...
Iron can swell to 16 or so times its original size when rusting to peices.
That is how you get 'Concrete Cancer in reinforced concrete structures as moisture reaches the reinforcing steel bars and corrodes the metal. This causes the metal to swell as it corrodes, which in turn can cause the outer surface of the concrete to crack which leads to more corrosion and on it goes.
As I remember it is 17x expansion in Iron oxide, ferris oxide, don't know what is for the rarer ferrous oxide.
@@markfryer9880 which makes you wonder why we're don't use aluminum, titanium or another metal sroung enough to handle the load but forms an oxides that are don't flake off and expand as much iron gets is comparably weaker to aluminum oxides as iron likes to crumble off when other metals oxides stay on stronger and won't continue to rust because the first layer is covering everything else
@@Dr.LethalContactThe tensile strength is the main desire for something to reinforce concrete and aluminum's tensile strength is about 4 times less than steel. Titanium is expensive.
Great video Dan! 👍✌
Loving your content, Dan! From San Diego, California.
You can also find silver, copper, mercury and iron as native metals. Some other metals have been found native but only rarely, like lead, arsenic, antimony and tin.
I love these learning moments, eh.
Thanks, Dan
I learned this in automotive class when my teacher was talking trash on Subarus because they had an ad that said we care about our customers so much that we put gold cufflinks in our airbags we found out there like that in every airbag everywhere because gold does not corrode
Love your science lessons.
You're very good at explaining things. More please. Thank you.
I just watched the Ballad of Buster Scruggs last night and the gold miner was probably one of my favorite tales from that movie...
MR. POCKET!
Learning with Dan is fun.
Now, explain copper, that one seems to do things differently. It does oxidize, but is also found in native form. Great GLOTD
Geology, poaching on a little Chemistry, gotta love crossing educational information!
I wonder how many minds were blown with this guy at geology camps, if he does them. I’ve worked with geologists for years and they all have their own different opinions and takes.
Very much appreciated Dan Hurd 💯💯👍👍😎
Great channel!
Amazing information Sir your great thanks share information
Most welcome
Been watching you for quite a while now.
The pure (natural) state is the oxidized state, gold has another positive state of pure without oxidation and another without hydration but still positive molecularly in the sense of it's still a pure substance.
Neat. Can you answer why there is always iron with quartz?
Quartz is one of the most common minerals on earth so that is probably why. You’re likely thinking of the stereotype that gold is associated with rotted quartz. If you want a deeper dive, you can look up geochemical associations of gold in specific environments - look up greenstone belts for example.
There isn't always significant iron with quartz , but , as common as both are , they are commonly found together .
Neither is a good indicator of gold , alone or in combination .
For that , the geologic context where you find them , is far more important .
Most rusty quartz veins in gold districts are barren of gold or host only a trace of gold .
Only in locations where the geology is right will sampling quartz veins lead you to gold , and even then , you have your work cut out for you .
I have lots of rusty limestone and shales in my area . You can find lead , zinc and occasionally silver .
But you will find no gold .
Arkansas is world famous for it's quartz crystals .
They were deposited in veins that also deposited lots of iron and manganese minerals along with adularia feldspar .
Most of the adularia decomposed along with the iron and manganese minerals , forming the deeply colored pocket clays that sticks so tenaciously to the quartz crystals and anything else it comes in contact with .
Nary a spec of gold has ever been found there .
So forget about quartz and gold until you get to gold country .
Otherwise you are probably just dreaming .
Thanks for the insight Dan
Always a good lesson from Mr hurd!
I was always wondering why gold accumulates that way! Thanks
Sounds like somebody's got to figure out a way to make non oxidizing metal a car that won't rust sounds like a dream
Best teacher ever
You are the man Dan!!!
I didn't know this, ty.
Awesome knowledge! Thank you for sharing 😇
My pleasure!
You sir look like a character from a book written by Terry Pratchett and it's meant as a compliment
Thanks Dan ❤
Great lesson good man.!!
Thanks Dan, always a pleasure.
He's the man ! Dan's da man !
I really love looking at you sir and learning at the same time lots of love keep it up😍😍😍😍😍😘😘😘😍😍😍😍😍✌✌✌✌😥✌✌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌
Aluminum oxidizes very quickly and forms a strong protective layer that protects the metal from further oxidization.
Great now explain the plating action that forms metallic gold nuggets and such from the oxide .
Interesting fact, gold is third on a chart of electrical conductivity. In order they are silver, copper then gold. The main reason gold is used for contacts in electronics is because it doesn't oxidize.
It's like oxidizing metals have a half life in an oxygen rich environment until they're gone
Thanks Dan
Zlato napríklad reaguje s plynným chlórom . Keby máme v atmosfére chlór , tak zhrdzavie aj zlato . Ale keďže chlór sa v atmosfére nevyskytuje , zlato nehrdzavie ...
Dan as a former chem teacher, well done! We all love RedOx chemistry
Gold. So precious
Learned this trying to solder aluminum huuuuuuuuge pain. It's a 100% transparent oxidation layer, aluminum is crazy.
Everything except BRUTAL DEATH METAL music
I love making my copper flashlights patina-ed
The only metals ever found in "nugget" form, are:
gold
silver
lead
copper
Time to get the 6" river dredge going with gold prices at $2000. An ounce
well sorta, copper has been found in huge quantities in the metallic form and oxidizes, only once the oxide layer is formed it stops oxidizing. Same is true for chromium which, as far as i know, is never found as a metal.
More than I ever learnt in 5 years of Science
Man I love this guy!
You’re telling me thst i spent the whole day scrubbing my dads rusty tools in his memory, and all I did was speed up the corrosion process 😅
If the oxides erode away, then why don't the non-oxides erode away? Are they not subject to the same erosion forces (water/wind for example)? If there was a mountain made of gold next to a mountain or aluminum, would the aluminum mountain erode, but the gold mountain not erode? ...Or does the oxidation break the metal down, and the small particles get washed away? ...but if they do get washed away, then where do they go? Do they disappear forever? (as in they're no longer found in nature?)
Keep on teaching
That's good info.👍👍
Gold, and most platinum group metals sure do stick around for a while :) finding shipwreck gold for example that has been under salt water for hundreds or even thousands of years is untouched other than maybe some coral growing on it :)
Love the videos Dan. Can you explain how natural silver and copper crystal form?
Gold will oxidize, but the oxide is less stable than the metal at room temp. I think its the only metal that can make that claim. The reason aqua regia works is because nitric acid is powerful enough to oxidize the gold for long enough that the hydrochloric acid can dissolve the oxide.
Copper is one that can be found native, in fact I was just out cutting some to play with at work. but it will readily oxidize.
Aluminum is covered with aluminum oxide
So a magnetic filter might help if it reacts to magnets. As a sifting step or process.
Once a metal has oxidized can that metal still be recovered and turn back into good metal via some process, or is oxidized metal lost forever?
Thank you
Native copper & silver can also be found in nature... even if their surface is oxided
It’s funny how even though you might already know something, it takes an interesting prospecting legend to say it out loud to hear how amazing the fact is!
Cheers Dan ✨
Thank you 😊
Cool! Thank you!
Give me that platinum and old estate gold watch if you’re not impressed with metallurgy, son!
Titanium is far more resistant to oxidation than iron, steel, copper, etc.
As Dan likes to say... PYRITES
What's the solution to preventing metals from becoming oxidized? Is there like a layer that we can put over it, like made of graphene or carbyne or something?? how do we fix it?
Well gold does oxide whenever you don't use borax on Gold when you smelting it gold oxidizes
this is mostly a chemistry lesson of the day with a small bit of geology (moreso archeology)
Ore weathering and oxidizing is for sure both geology and chemistry
That’s a badass beard
Homer Simpson playing scrabble “aww I got nothing” OXIDIZE right in front of him..
Wheres the video of panning for platinum?
does the price of precious metals based on the fact they don't rust?
Beard lookin epic!
So why does gold go green, can you please answer that question
Gold will not rust in a natural environment, but a certain combination of acids will corrode gold.
Dan I hate my job, hire me, I'll move from pa to wherever you need me!!!!
Isn't copper found in it's metal form in nature and doesn't it also oxidize?
Does this mean that eventually, many many years from now, our entire planet will be gold?
Is silver included in that bunch of? I stack it so was just wondering.
Very cool
Does fauls gold give of the same detection as real gold.?
Dan. I fucking love your beard man. Im a fellow baldy ginge with a big beard. Not near that long like 😂
That's why they're preferred to as noble.
The natural would is amazing.
I appreciate you not choosing some shitty song to go with this video. Cool video. I love oxides. Its what's makes our silicas pretty.
Sulfur sadly left the chat, because it is not a metall and was purity found in the environment..
What if the real Noble metals were the friends we made along the way?
Hell yeah steel and aluminum weld their self together in weather