To any dictator the army is always the biggest threat to his rule. Stalin did not gut his officer corps because he thought it was a hoot, nor gave Zhukov a shit post station commanding some shit post military district after the war. Saddam Husseyn did not have his most successful generals experience 'helicopter crashes' for nothing. It's not for nothing that in Syria the commander of the most successful Syrian army unit, the Tiger Forces, has Russian bodyguards for the Russians had invested too much in that unit to see it go to waste again. To a dictator the only thing worse then an incompetent general is a successful one. For they might start getting the idea that they could do a better job.
Bardas Skleros had the following advice for the Byzantine Emperor Basil II: "Cut down the governors who become over-proud. Let no generals on campaign have too many resources. Exhaust them with unjust exactions, to keep them busied with their own affairs. Admit no woman to the imperial councils. Be accessible to no-one. Share with few your most intimate plans."
@@sillypuppy5940 Sadly the downside of that will be inefficient governance and poorly performing armies. And we know what happened to the Byzantines once their armies started to perform poorly. Its the conundrum of government. No strong leader can tolerate strong underlings. But his state can't survive without them either.
@@chaptermasterpedrokantor1623 Basil II was a skilled tactician and commander, the armies performed well when he was alive to lead them. The emperor’s celibacy gave his brother Constantine incentive not to betray him, since he was heir to the throne and had no nephew to supplant him in succession.
@@jed-henrywitkowski6470 Hitler talent was actually in architecture. I believe even he agreed with this assessment, so he didn't hold any grudge to the art academy. He blamed himself since he slacked during his highschool days, believing he didn't need good grades to get in the university, he only wanted to be accepted in academy. The problem is, architecture was and still is a major in university, not in academy, so he needed that good grades. Hitler could only curse himself once he realized this bitter reality.
Bloody hell TIK, as an ex-Infantry Officer I really love your content. The depth you go into in politics, doctrine and the player's actual words and actions cast a lot of light on these subjects. Keep it up mate!
Honestly TIK, this channel has become the cutting edge of Second World War history. This topic has been almost a daily fascination for me all my life and some of these breakthroughs and ideas you throw out there are truly brilliant. It is refreshing to finally get a true understanding of the war.
Its simply overestimated, that Hitler "hated" generals. He mistrusted them occasionlly, not generally. Whats forgotten here: After the failure of the Michael offensive in March 1918 the leading generals panicked from August until October and betrayed the Kaiser. They urged the politicans to sign the harsh armistice conditions which in reality were a surrender by allowing the allies to occupy the Rhineland including big bridgeheads.
@@TheImperatorKnight Thanks for making these videos. Your explanation of the Weimar Republic's fall makes a lot of sense . Just curious, what would you define conservatism as, and where would you place it on the political spectrum?
@@kaiserconquests1871 In this context, it basically means wanting to return to the pre-1914 order. That means lots of welfare spending, lots of military spending, generally statist economic policy with some companies getting privileges (subsidies, tariffs, state contacts etc) from the state, little or no parliamentarianism, ignoring or renegotiating the Versailles treaty, law and order, general opposition to ideological revolutionary ideologues, etc.
Take as long as you need for your next episode. What you do in between is a marvelous counterpoint. Your economic analysis is brilliant... and makes me shiver more for what’s going on in the U.S.
The most fascinating thing about Kurt von Schleicher is that his name is based upon the german word schleich or schleichen which translates to 'sneak' or literally 'to sneak'. A perfect case of the name giving insight into the nature of the person as von Schleicher was known for his cunning and somewhat underhanded intrigues. He was a sneaky guy by his very nature.
I don't quite understand the Keynes bit: If he did think the value of the marks were going to go down (but just not as much as in practice), why was he investing in marks to begin with? what was his plan there?
The reason you may invest in a foreign currency depends on interest rates; if a deposit in Marks pays 10% per annum and you expect Marks to devalue by 5% per annum in relation you your own currency that is an effective 5% return in your currency, if your own banks pay 3% it is a good deal....until you realize their currency plummets and you lose your capital. In defence of Keynes he probably didn't know the extent of printing of money the Germans were embarking on, if he did.....well he lost his money didn't he?
@@australiananarchist480 Umm, no. Those... people still think that The Gold Standard is a real scientific basis for The Economy. Let's see how many faults I can find with that just from my own wandering mind in childhood. 1) Most people can go their whole lives without _seeing_ gold. 2) Most people work in industries, fields etc. that never come into contact with it. Let's take someone like a doctor. He's gonna get paid a _lot_ to do stuff very few people can do. No gold required. Rothbard & Paul seem to think that if gold doesn't exist, we couldn't pay people who worked? Or not in money? If not, why not? Why couldn't we print money _OR_ currency to circulate independent of gold? It's utterly stupid. 3) The very notion of "The Gold Standard" was made up last century, "making" $ tied to gold. *All paper money **_OR_** currency REQUIRES* someone in authority who is not you to agree to exchange it for food, let alone gold or oil. They've fallen for a red herring that doesn't even succeed in putting the economy in the hands of they who have all the gold, but they sure seem to think it should & does. That's stupid. Both money _AND_ currency exist to circulate in place of what they represent in order that we can choose to hold onto $ or not, but also so that they can hire people to cut forests for profit, pay them in something they can exchange for things they need without them having to exchange specifically just wood or they wouldn't work for you for just wood. People want to believe that there is a controlled system in place & that their authority figures control it. Even when that makes everyone worse off, the vast majority of people just feel uncomfortable with true freedom. Banks don't control or "issue" new $, they _print_ it. Always have. But they don't *own* what they print! They just declare it's a loan & governments go along because it keeps the populace in debt & thus in control. But nothing leaves anyone's _vaults_ when a government "asks" the Fed for "new money" & the stuff they print anew wasn't theirs, they _printed_ it anew: it isn't "backed" by anything anyway. You're telling me we have to print only as much $ for ALL goods & services as gold reserves *(in someone else's possession exists* no matter _what_ the population is? Do you know *how **_low_* a ceiling that is? Especially as you'll never get their gold to go into circulation? Neither $ nor currency you work to earn needs "backing." It is *fronted* by your *_labor_* & is printed to circulate _FOR_ your labor. Gold doesn't even need to _exist_ for $, currency, your labor _OR_ The Economy to exist. I really wish people could think. If you get paid in money or currency for something other than gold, then that money or currency is utterly not dependent upon gold. The connection, need for "backing" is such a farce it's surprising anyone above age 12 would fall for it. _How_ tf is $ _you work to earn_ owed back to a bank that printed it anew, plus interest?
Hi TIK, I truly appreciate your excellently researched production and especially the recent expansion of your videos into the political context (social, financial, international...) in which the Nazi and Fascist Regimes took roots. As a professional military Officer, I did post-graduate studies at the Naval War College. Your presentations have helped me a great deal in situating our wartime history in the proper socioeconomic environment it took place in. Peace be with you and thank you again for such quality productions. Ciao, L (Maine, USA)
are you talking about Merkle-i dont think they are related (just a humorous conspiracy theory -perhaps based on film ....spoliler alert "the Boys from Brazil
Dear TIK, there is a book called (apparently) "The Meaning of Hitler" (German original title: "Anmerkungen zu Hitler") by Sebastian Haffner (pseudonym, real name Raimund Pretzel). It's quite short (around 200 pages in German) yet probably the best, most intelligent and most observant analysis of Hitler I have ever read. The last few videos I watched from you reminded me a lot of the book and the observations therein. I highly recommend you read it, it'll probably let a few ideas and theories you currently seem to have regarding Hitler "slide into place". Best regards from Vienna.
If I ever travel to England I want to meet you and see your book shelf you are always in front of in person. Your knowledge is so detailed and so specific it is truly impressive. Thank you for your hard work on this videos!
I find it so amazing hearing the Rothbardian description of the crisis of 29. The explanation beginning in the inflationary bubble shows a greater deal of historical context and comprehension of historic forces than the standard explanation of the markets suddenly went bananas
@@TheImperatorKnight so are you saying that Kaynes might have tried make economic predictions in some teepee vision quest usually mediated by some psychedelic drugs. And after that he was all With annoying valley girl accent ---- you know. My spiritual animal is just like so amazing like you can't believe. The dove is my spiritual animal .....
Dude, 100% agree with you about the Chuck Norris Downfall version. Its been in my favorites list for years. This is why I'm a Patreon. You are the best
@@nk_3332 If you think a decree issued on 25 May 1521 by Emperor Charles V is radical, then yes, Hitler was also radical. However, social conservatism seeks to "reverse or stem the direction of change". Everything becomes traditional over time. As more than 100-year-old SS-Rottenführer Veikko Kasslin, who switched sides in the fall of 1944. "...can't even remember what we were fighting for" www.suomensotilas.fi/ss-mies-veikko-kasslin-100-vuotta/
Just subscribed , I love military history and your site is an excellent source of information , way better than the usual “ fodder “ were fed - thanks a lot - keep up the excellent work , I’ll be referring your site to my friends who also love good military history channel’s 👌👍
Hello TIK. I wanted to tell you that everything you explained in this video is _basically_ what we as Germans learn in gymnasium (Highschool I guess). Your video however is much richer and more detailed. Thank you
Wow!! Good to know! I appreciated this video and channel more than my entire school social studies (history) classes taught me about the era of 3rd Reich Germany. The depth of the perspective and reasons for why things happened the way they did is truly superior to school history lessons.
And what you learn at highschool in Germany is wrong. The 1920s was not a period plagued by hyperinflation. Hyperinflation occurred from summer 1922 to december 1923. Return to the Gold standard, promise of government to keep balanced budget cured it. The depression in Germany (1928-1933) led to the rise of the nazis.
This is one of your best sessions. Having studied economics in the late 1960's (as taught by socialists), Keynes had always been exalted as the last word in great economics and the gold standard derided as cruel and unnecessary. However having seen the Greenspan era lead to unlimited money creation and Covid19 leading governments to completely debasing the link between production and income I now await the arrival of hyperinflation plus economic and political chaos - aka "the great reset".
@@abdmzn yeah except unlike the illuminati, the wef and many world leaders openly call for and anticipate the great reset so just like covid being from a lab and everything else this so called conspiracy theory will come true soon enough and it'll still not be enough for you state sheeps
@@BergheVonTrips1 well we have the high inflation right now, soon enough hyperinflation will hit and you'll just shift gear and say still waiting for ....."
Great way to anger a Marxist who claims Fascism was a revolution for the rich Capitalist. Remind them Mussulini was a news paper writer/teacher. Hitler was a failed painter. Himmler was a failed chicken farmer. Lets not forget how much Goering's own squad mates from WWI rejected him as a coward meaning his war record in the eyes of vets was a joke among other members of Jasta Richtofen. Gotta love all these failures revolting to empower the very people that reject them.
It amazes me the quality of your videos is amazing keep up the great work ure one of the best and most well informed historians on the whole of youtube ❤❤❤
Very clever chap- maybe overall borderline genius , but he was only part -time.!. In my mid teens ,when deciding what subjects to study at school , i had brief read of 1st part of his 1936 opus magnus & became inspired ! Correctly inspired that i could do it easy (as easy as spotting his short term obsessed-bit too late arguably already done by Nazis psychological Ponzi style ..........Bottles of money thrown down difficult to access obsolete mineshafts & filled in with soil ,being good for economy-cos create stimulus multiplier effect !(When people employed, machines made to dig up bottles ) Small step from that semi-joke ; to believe that any Govt spending help economy....Tanks anyone?
For generations Keynes was considered "the gold standard" in academic economics. "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money" was used as the economics bible by universities for generations. Excellent video, as usual I don't agree with everything but it has me thinking.
Hey Tik, at the end there when you listed all the threats to Hitler's rule you mention Hess fleeing to Scotland. Do you think Hess thought he was on the brink of being purged and fled Germany as a result? I know there is still some mystery regarding why exactly he went on his one man diplomacy mission.
That is an interesting theory. Hesse's downfall coincided with Bohrman's rise....Yet this does not explain why didn't he speak out after the war or why did he end in life prison but guys like speer got released....
I don't think he was going to be purged but he was definitely falling down the totem pole of power and Hitler's personal favor. He was getting into some weird shit, I don't remember what it was, but Hitler and his buddies were laughing at him behind his back for how looney he seemed. As for why he was jailed for life we can only speculate. God only knows what he was telling interrogators.
@@mindfreak078589 I thought I read somewhere that the Soviets vetoed letting Hess out early. He was after all the highest ranking Nazi they managed to hold on to after Goering killed himself. Hess joined the Nazis early on and participated in the Beer Hall Putsch. He shared a prison cell with Hitler and did all the typing for Mein Kampf while Adolph ranted.
@@soupordave There's a mark felton video out there that had a pretty good explanation for why the soviets vetoed letting Hess out, and going from memory it basically boiled down to allowing the Soviets access to that part of Germany that Hess and the other Nazis were imprisoned in long after the other Nazis he was imprisoned with weren't around anymore, because Hess was the last man time left standing. If I'm remembering it right, every three months the prisons guard staff would rotate between American/British/French/Soviet guards. Basically Hess was kept there to allow the Soviet military and spies easy access to the allied occupation area.
@@TheImperatorKnight Do you have any future plans for economic history videos, they're very informative and weirdly interesting despite being economically illiterate (but unlike socialists can admit it).
Hey TIK, this is a really interesting video already and I'm finding it intrigueing. The economic bits in this are just screaming at me. "No! Don't do this!" And I'm finding the other bits, just as interesting. Interesting note. I've started reading a book on the War in Burma. And there were quite a couple of prizes as it turns out in there. Like the oil fields mentioned so far in the book, were churning out 250,000,000 tons of oil. And the mines in Burma, were providing Wolfrum as well. But still on the first chapter of this thing, and quite interested in this forgotten front.
Re: Social Facists - as you pointed out the failed economic policies by the SPD, the KPD tried to exploit these failures to gain support from the SPD voter base - and by the numbers of the November 1932 election, this might have worked to some degree. Great that you covered the Fall of the Weimar Republic, TIK as it was a political mess and its understanding is crucial to understand why Hitler came to power by legal means.
@@australiananarchist480 If you hand a man a whip you give him a vote of confidence that he will use it responsibly. You can only blame yourself if you give the whip to a bully.
The only reason Keynes was a popular economist was because his message was what politicians wanted to hear. It gave them all the power. We see A LOT of that in history. Especially now. How sad.
@TIK It amazes me that some people still believe the NSDAP was rightwing and not left as it obviously was I discovered your channel last year, and while I don't agree with all of your political beliefs (I no longer consider myself libertarian) I appreciate your in depth historical analysis of an era of history that is so woefully misunderstood
I don't expect you to always agree with me, but the evidence regarding the NSDAP being Leftwing is so overwhelming that the only way to say it was Rightwing is to do a bunch of mental gymnastics. Still, people would rather do that than accept the reality.
@@TheImperatorKnight Mental gymnastics is right. There's this RUclipsr I like called The Distributist; and while i respect him, he mistakenly believes the NSDAP and Fascists were rightwing because they were "pro nomian." That's a favorite term of political commentator Mencius Moldbug, whose writing has permeated the nrx community. But it doesn't make sense in the slightest
I suppose that depends on how you define the left right dichotomy and that is typically tied to the political norms and trends at the time in question. What was left and right yesterday is not the same as it is in todays political ideology. It matters not how others depict you and few members of the NSDAP would consider themselves leftists.
@@theemperor7877 Actually they don't and because I have read more on the subject than most do in their entire lives on all subjects, I know this is patently ridiculous. There were two brothers within the original founders of the party who had some interest in socialism and formed a left wing of the party. They are the Strasser brothers; one was killed on orders from Hitler due to their differences on this very subject. They oft attributed quote with the bombastic claim "I am a socialist...." is actually from the mouth of one of the Strassers and not even a quote of Hitler's at all. How about that??? In fact it was the Strassers who added socialist to the DAP making it the NSDAP over Hitler's objections but this was only to attempt to use it as a bait and switch to draw interest due to the political craze with workers movements at the time. Mein Kampf gets into a lot of this in depth explaining the origins of the name and party and flag using red clearly discerning the difference and firmly tying the NSDAP to the right wing Volkisch movements(such as the Thule movement etc) that were popular since the late 19th century in conservative and nationalist(both traditional long term right wing elements) and firmly rooting it in the rightwing paramilitary anti-leftist anti-socialist and anti-bolshevik movements called Freikorps formed to prevent leftist takeovers of the government and to establish a vanguard against left wing revolutionaries (there was even a Freikorps Hitler and the largest of these right wing paramilitaries was the Stahlhelm which was larger than the Reichswehr and ultimately merged with the Brownshirts after the siezure of power I believe). There was no debate about how they saw their selves and it was as a right wing nationalist movement that was a bulwark "against sozialismus and bolshevismus.." to use the literal words from their banners and rallies. The Strassers, who were the left wing of a right wing party, were ousted and the last elements of their group who refused to see the light were also killed on what history calls the Night of the Long Knives(name stolen from previous historical event in Roman Empire). So the socialist element was thoroughly purged by that time(1934). In fact the surviving Otto Strasser fled to Czechoslovakia and started the Black Front with the survivors of the NotLK like Walter Stennes. Goebbels had been associated with the Strassers early on in his career being from northern Germany and Berlin, but became an ardent admirer and devout follower of Hitler and converted into his antisocialist line of thinking. The Strasserite element held back any rise to power because it prevented an accord with the powerful Industrialists with their rhetoric and nonsense and after this Hitler was able to court the Krupps, Thysens, etc and continue the rise to power. The leftist wing in a right wing party is not uncommon and vice versa within political movements and complete orthodoxy is rare when revolutionary politics is fluid and a party is still new. Even communists had hardliners (see conservative minded communists) and reformers like Gorbachev within their CPSU but no one would be so ridiculous as to make the claim they were a right wing movement like the fringe right does in this scenario. Which brings us right back home to its very recent origins and what is more akin to a still birth within todays political rot and ridiculous rhetoric. This is a modern phenomenon and could not be possible at an earlier date for the same reason I gave with the communists because it takes todays rhetoric and climate of the Post Reagan/Thatcher anglo world to make any nationalization equate to socialism. Thats right... socialism = government control of... is a modern nuanced fantasy sold to those who fail to grasp and have enough understanding to know that nationalizing something has been done by countless political entities and is not a strictly socialist ploy at all. It has been done by monarchies, democracies, dictators, welfare state keynesian republics, and others in opposition to socialists. In fact it pre dates socialism entirely but in today's neoliberal world it equals socialism because the far right has told conservatives that that is what it is in a nutshell and this is nothing but a historical farce. Most of this tragically ridiculous concept is attributed to the far right rhetoric creeping into modern political discourse and has nothing to do with the reality or history of political movements as a whole. It is a warping of reality by polemicists for political purposes and being that TIK is quite a amateur polemicist, without ever meaning to be in fact, he has fallen victim to said rhetoric. He has simply read too much Rothbard, Hayek, and Freidmonite neoliberal literature and found it compelling because he hasn't had much experience in the full spectrum of political science and has a nuanced grasp of what socialism is to begin with. There is simply no supporting evidence to support them being leftists and the small tidbits of socialist flirting within the NSDAP was more attributed to political opportunism and a penchant for revolutionary politics than any significant striving for literal left wing socialism. That isn't even considering their political alignments within the Reichstag and how they were bedfellows with industry both within Germany and without. It is also not considering the fact that most of Germany's socialists fled or ended up in the concentration camp system just for being socialists. Nor does it get into depth with the leftwing rightwing polital dichotomy and what it is historically from point to point. I could go on ad infinitum and that is what makes this so outright silly. It is flat earth society kind of stuff and no serious student of history or political science could make such a laughable claim because it is easiliy refuted. It is not a sign of the obvious to need 4 or 6 hours to make a case and that was just the film with obvious in the title. Do not confuse polemics with well practiced historical analysis and that is why I am not a subscriber to this channel.
This economic overlook certainly isn't make me optimistic over here in the USA about the coming years. There's not a single political party who is serious about reducing national spending, even in lean economic times like this.
It's scary. The fed has been printing money to fuel the stock market for a decade and one year when the supposedly 'fiscally responsible' Republicans held the House, the Senate, and the White House they managed to run a TRILLION dollar defecit in a single year. And that was before Covid...
@@erics7992 Yes. And there's nobody pumping the brakes at all. They want trillions more for infrastructure spending and unemployment benefits, freezing evictions. And states with out of control pension funds, California being the big one, are likely to get bailed out by the fed as well. Even in the era of Keynes there were actual economists who understood how things worked, but now everyone in government seems to have backward ideas about the economy. There's growing support for labor theories of value and people who think taxation exists only to restrict the money supply and combat inflation, and these people are reaching high positions in the government.
@@TheNoonish they have gotten away with it for so long and they also think no one will ever call in the debt because then everyone's house will come crashing down...
@@TheNoonish America can get away with it because they're the world reserve currency, and it's either them or China as the centre of the world, and nobody wants it to be China except the CCP.
Hey TIK thank you for being one of the few youtube historians who links together economics and history. Seeing the economic backgrounds behind historical events make everything that much clearer. Also, I love that jab at Keynes XD
If you haven’t already read it then I highly recommend Death on the Don. Its a brilliant book about Germany’s allies on the eastern front (and most importantly at Stalingrad) Keep up the good work 👍
@@TheImperatorKnight What do you make of Friedrich Ebert? When I first read about him in middle school, I never get the vibes that he was as “liberal” or “democratic” as his admirers often made him out to be.
Excellent analysis of the monetary system of the 20s and 30s. It always amazes me when people accuse Nixon of taking the US off the gold standard when a real gold standard hadn't existed since before WWI
@@fakeplaystore7991 Uh, yes he did? He prevented a 2nd great depression in the US and the rest of the world? Do you even know what you're talking about? The Bretton Woods system and gold standard completely failed with the treasury bleeding through its gold reserves throughout the 60s thanks to poor federal reserve policies, the BoP deficit and a plethora of issues with pegged exchange rates and the gold standard itself. Nixon had no choice but to end the gold standard because amount of dollars in the world simply exceeded the respective amount of gold the US owned. Maybe read about the bretton woods system and pegged exchange rates in general before making totally inaccurate and false comments like that. I can't believe how many idiots actually think that pegging a currency to gold is somehow a viable system. Bretton Woods was a huge mistake in the first place, it was done under the false assumption that competitive devaluation had caused the great depression, and the gold standard was just an added cherry on top to make the dollar seem more stable to other countries.
We only got as far as The War of the Roses. Probably because a large proportion of our teachers spent a whole bunch of their youth killing Axis types and so were a little bit biased.
I love how the wall street crash is a perfect example for why a globalized economy is bad. Have trouble in one part of the world and suddenly everyone is affected in some way.
Lewis, I really appreciate your work as an historian but you should be aware that the way you present economics is ... flawed (sorry for being so direct). The problem is not your personal preference for Austrian economics, you are obviously free to think and say what you prefer; the problem is that there is a professional way to present economics, if you want to speak about economic history. There are metrics used by everyone, neo-classics, post keynesians, MMTs, monetarists etc. that should be used if we want to discuss economic history with the same level of quality and depth that you are using for military and general history. There are equations and concepts that should be referred to and, numbers to be presented; and if there are different interpretations among the economists, the different positions should be mentioned. A further point I would like to mention is the ethical element that you seem to associate to economic actions: no economic behavior is inherently good or bad. There are only causes and effects, decisions and consequences, intents and outcomes. To make a simplistic example, the rise of salaries is usually considered good by the employees and bad by the employers, so there is no possible consensus on if it is good or bad. Please do not take this as a personal attack; I find your work remarkable, even when I do not agree with it, with the exception of the parts when you deal with economics that stick out as a sore thumb. If I am writing this, is only because I would like to see the already high quality of your channel to improve even more. All the best. Millennium 7*
Hey Tik, great work as always, very interesting video. A very fascinating topic, now I really want to read some books you used for your sources, I think I might start with "lords of finance". Thank you!
Starting to feel like you are the gold standard of youtube history, even moreso the cutting edge. Been obsessed with the war my whole life and you are the only one delving into these other factors without an overdose of allied propaganda
Hey, TIK, this is my first comment on one of your videos. This is just like what what happened in Venezuela, with the gov. taking over more of the private market, increasing prices, and making the country another victim of socialism itself. It has been tried but it will never work. Thanks and keep up the good work, TIK.
you would think ,having something like largest oil reserves of any country in the world (like when USSR subsidising Cuba) -would have helped, despite communist economics. Seems not-perhaps they needed 10 times more oil ? -until that ran out.
Politics - military and class, parliamentary & street economics - national and international, labour: employer relations, history broad brush and virtually pointillist. The best explanation of deflation I’ve ever heard. Who needs University - or a career in retail?
Wilhelm Franz Canaris (1 January 1887 - 9 April 1945) was a German admiral and chief of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence service, he constantly betrayed Hitler and the Germany military operations.
TIK, great work and though historical to the subatomic particle level, which I thoroughly enjoy, your work explains much of the current attitudes in NATO and NATO-esque
Sure, some germans might laugh about how he does pronounce "Müller" but I really appreciate him trying to pronounce it the right way. Thank you, Sir! Much obliged . PS: You should hear me, speaking english :))
He also hated the General Staff because many of them were Prussians, (Hitler was an Austrian and therefore antithetic nemesis on the Germanic spectrum) and Junkers (Hitler was a commoner and earned his Iron Cross as an infantryman, he experience the Great War in person and he felt that the aristocratic General Staff were the same incompetent commanders that surrendered to the Entente). Funnily enough this exact situation is how President Hindenburg a Prussian of noble ancestry looked down upon the Austrian Corporal as he called Hitler.
well it was a Bavarian Crown Prince rupprecht who surrendered to the Entente,and the Bavarian right who shot the Nazis to death while crushing the 1923 putsch, Hitler originally idolized and admired the Prussian Erich Ludendorff, (who marched alongside him in 1923). I believe Hitler was suspicious and untrusting of the whole German aristocracy not because he disliked 2Prussians" but because they could become a point for the centre of a future opposition to him there were rumours in Bavaria in 1933,after the Nazis were helped into power. of the preparation to restore the Wittlesbach monarchy(which did not transpire,Hitler was suspicious of anyone or anything that could be a threat wether they be Austrian Bavarian Prussian Saxon or whatever,
Hello TIK, superbly done video. I also like the obvious influences from the "Lords of Finance"-book, one of my favorits when it comes to the great depression and one that I know that I have pushed hard here on then channel ;)
I love your socioeconomic history work already but, seeing a Rothbard quote from someone with your stature and demeanor has made my day. Keep up the good work as a wonderful beacon
Great video and very well documented content! You should do a joint video with the folks of Time Ghost. It would be amazing. Back to today's video, I'm slightly disappointed by the overall portrait you did of Hjalmar Schacht. He was instrumental to stopping Germany hyperinflation in 1923 while currency commissionner at the Reichsbank. The signatures of the Dawes plan in 1924 on his terms save Germany again from total bankruptcy and bye de facto avoided Europe financial ruins all together. He also was key to refinancing the nazi party in feb 1933 and instrumental in restoring the Germany economy after the crash of 1929 + Great Depression as Reich economic minister under Hitler. In essence, he saved Germany three time when he had power but made ennemies along the way (notably Goerings) and finished the last two years of WWII in a concentration camp. His professional life would make a interesting documentary but slightly outside of your Y-T channel focus...
I kept thinking what the first 40 minutes had anything to do with Hitlers Generals
4 года назад+1
Hey Tik, :) Thanks for another video. I like the considerations of economics on political and strategic decisions. After all war is not waged by one man but a huge armed forces apparatus which needs to be build and sustained, basically by economic power. I am not sure about some issue you raise though. At least, while you are right in basic points that economical principles have their beneficial effects of changing the economic to whatever is needed, there are always some limits to it, starting with laws (like forbidden murder and drugs), over required regulation to avoid monopolies and possibly even oligopolies, to limitations due to physical restraints like basic human needs as breathing air, drinking water, living somewhere close to their job (limited time), which undermines the required freedom of choice on the buyers side (leading to most reasonable price for offer and demand). I am not sure if I understood it as you meant it, but there's a difference in taxing companies and taxing the rich. Taxing companies leads to higher prices for the consumers as all competitors have similar rise in costs which they turn over right away in unison to their customers plus the additional losses of revenue by higher prices compensated with even higher prices. Taxing the rich meanwhile (for their wealth or income, not their companies) is not turned over the poor since they are not their customers. I am not very educated about economics but isn't it a big myth that there's no trickling down effect? Aren't there more indicators that giving every person a fixed amount of money boosts the economy the most as most (poor) people spend the money right away?
Thank you, a most informative piece. With an undergrad double major in PolSci & Econ and an MBA in Finance, I was once a working economist and later on Wall Street. I'd like to chat sometime if doable.
@@TheImperatorKnight The theory that the gold standard wasn't sufficient seems to be consistent with modern monetary theory. The same justifications used to print money during the virus crisis and collect foreign debt in massive amounts are maybe what Evans was pointing to, because a fiat currency will only increase the prices of goods if it's in active consumer circulation as opposed to a national reserve bank somewhere. The gold standard necessitates that consumer prices increase due to its link to a fixed value, when one is printed the division between dollars and price of gold inherently worsens. I don't necessarily agree with the point I just made, it's just a thought. Was it the reparation money buying German goods that did the economy in, or rising consumer prices without that additional issue? If anyone wants to clear up any misunderstandings I may have about the economics, please do.
@adum50 To some extent I agree with you. His contribution to the world was enormous, but that does not mean his theories were correct and I think that many of the points in this video go a long way to demonstrate that. "Karl Marx invented modern sociopolitical theory that's still being used around the world even today. He might have created the most deadly ideology to ever exist in human history, but you can't deny that his contribution to the world is enormous." I hope you see my point. Frankly, I think a lot of Keynesianism sounds good in theory, but again like Marxism, history really does prove that it has not been effective.
@adum50 "when an idea become a theory its pretty much set in terms of its ability to prove its prediction" That is absolutely absurd. Search for literally any held belief that has been proven incorrect. It was unanimously accepted theory that the sun rotated around the Earth. That does not mean it is correct. Furthermore, Keynesian theory has had time to prove itself and ever since, the world has been blighted with severe economic instability and mismanagement. "What if" is a ridiculous way to try to hold a position. If there weren't Keynesian thinking we likely wouldn't have even had the 2008 financial crisis as the government would not have been interested in bail outs, and so on. But who knows? What ifs are just fiction, the reality is far more compelling and is actually study-able. There was no Great Depression until the Federal Reserve and Keynesianism took hold, and it's not like empires hadn't risen and fallen before that. Lastly, I hope you able to detect at least some irony in Karl Marx making money from investing in the stock market. His wife was also a wealthy aristocrat if I recall correctly.
Im sure you're pretty busy overall but irony besets me. I was playing Hearts of Iron 4 a ww2 based grand strategy game. I was playing a mod called Kaiserredux where it expands upon the concept of germany winning world war 1 and one of the newest things they added was a Kurt von Schleicher path which follows a more aristocratic form of governance relegating the Kaiser to a figurehead position or the choice of having a pact with Goring's colonial administration to rule the empire in a quasi form of Plutocracy in a way. Love the videos you make and hope things are going well for you. I forgot to mention the video popped up as I was talking about von Schleicher lol, whoops
From what I was taught about World War 2, it was "common knowledge" that the German army leadership did not like Hitler and wanted to set him aside as soon as they did not need him anymore.. This was suggested as one of the reasons why Hitler started the war with the Soviet Union so quickly as he needed the army occupied and knew that it would be hesitant to remove him while Germany was fighting and winning. Whenever I read any alternate history about what might have happened if Hitler died earlier, it tends to default to a power struggle between someone like Himmler and the army. Usually the army wins and installs some one like Rommel as the new German leader.
Шикарный выпуск, было бы не плохо увидеть подобный выпуск по ситуации в СССР и экономике советов 28-37 годов. Great release, it would be nice to see a similar issue on the situation in the USSR and the economy of the Soviets of 28-37.
400th like here. Bravo I really enjoyed this treatise on the Weimar Republic. Could anyone suggest a reference explaining the differences between the Gold policy versus the Gold Exchange policy?
No.. You are not responsible for the actions of others... leftist mainstream love to shame white Americans for slavery because "every white person during the slavery era was a slave owner". And leftist love to shame the German people for the things that happened under the nazis because "every German was a nazi war criminal"! It's collectivism... collective guilt.
Fun fact: In the interwar period German Reichsmarks were very popular in the Netherlands. It was useful as extremely cheap fuel.
I bet it was also quite satisfying to wipe your arse with a bank note stating ''Zwei Millionen Mark''
Would really give you that ''royalty'' feeling!
1920s reichsmark or the 1930s
I heard they were burned for heat AND used as toilet paper.
“Hitler threatened to shoot himself if the Nazi’s split up”
In the business we call this foreshadowing
Hitler actually shooting himself wasn't the most surprising thing that ever happened.
Hitler remains the only man to ever assassinate Hitler.
@@Stickminbasi90 You obviously aren't aware of Dean Winchester.
Haha
@@dogfacedponysoldier87 I thought my comment was pretty funny but yours is much funnier
To any dictator the army is always the biggest threat to his rule. Stalin did not gut his officer corps because he thought it was a hoot, nor gave Zhukov a shit post station commanding some shit post military district after the war. Saddam Husseyn did not have his most successful generals experience 'helicopter crashes' for nothing. It's not for nothing that in Syria the commander of the most successful Syrian army unit, the Tiger Forces, has Russian bodyguards for the Russians had invested too much in that unit to see it go to waste again. To a dictator the only thing worse then an incompetent general is a successful one. For they might start getting the idea that they could do a better job.
Very good point.
Bardas Skleros had the following advice for the Byzantine Emperor Basil II: "Cut down the governors who become over-proud. Let no generals on campaign have too many resources. Exhaust them with unjust exactions, to keep them busied with their own affairs. Admit no woman to the imperial councils. Be accessible to no-one. Share with few your most intimate plans."
@@sillypuppy5940 Sadly the downside of that will be inefficient governance and poorly performing armies. And we know what happened to the Byzantines once their armies started to perform poorly. Its the conundrum of government. No strong leader can tolerate strong underlings. But his state can't survive without them either.
A classic dilemma really, one that dates back to Roman times.
@@chaptermasterpedrokantor1623 Basil II was a skilled tactician and commander, the armies performed well when he was alive to lead them. The emperor’s celibacy gave his brother Constantine incentive not to betray him, since he was heir to the throne and had no nephew to supplant him in succession.
I never saw an YT channel that provides sources for each sentence they give.
You are the best, much love from Austria
Please stop rejecting decent artist from art schools.
@@jed-henrywitkowski6470 Hitler talent was actually in architecture. I believe even he agreed with this assessment, so he didn't hold any grudge to the art academy. He blamed himself since he slacked during his highschool days, believing he didn't need good grades to get in the university, he only wanted to be accepted in academy. The problem is, architecture was and still is a major in university, not in academy, so he needed that good grades. Hitler could only curse himself once he realized this bitter reality.
Yes some professional historians and museum channels do not post their sources. Sources are scarcer than gold on YT.
He has to.
@@thegreathadoken6808 No he doesn't.
"Personally I think the Chuck Norris subtitled one is the best."
Ah, a man of fine and culture I see. Let us all raise our champagne glasses to TIK.
"Hitler smells a fart" is a good one
Bloody hell TIK, as an ex-Infantry Officer I really love your content. The depth you go into in politics, doctrine and the player's actual words and actions cast a lot of light on these subjects. Keep it up mate!
Chuck Norris' best movie is Star Wars. He played the Force.
Nothing that can beat a Chuck Norris joke... except Chuck Norris
@@TheImperatorKnight chuck Norris is so tough, the wehraboos considered him stronger than the Wehrmacht.
Chuck Norris Can believe it's not butter
ruclips.net/video/ZrHmcpRAZNs/видео.html
I thought it was "PeeWee's Big Adventure".
Honestly TIK, this channel has become the cutting edge of Second World War history. This topic has been almost a daily fascination for me all my life and some of these breakthroughs and ideas you throw out there are truly brilliant. It is refreshing to finally get a true understanding of the war.
"And that's why Hitler didn't trust his generals."
Oh yeah, that's what the subject of the video was...
@RPK82SN
Too bad Stalin wasn't wrong, and didn't get assassinated by a military coup. History would have been so much better.
😂
Its simply overestimated, that Hitler "hated" generals. He mistrusted them occasionlly, not generally.
Whats forgotten here: After the failure of the Michael offensive in March 1918 the leading generals panicked from August until October and betrayed the Kaiser. They urged the politicans to sign the harsh armistice conditions which in reality were a surrender by allowing the allies to occupy
the Rhineland including big bridgeheads.
@adum50 How so? Like what instance? He seemed fine to me, kinda sounds like you don't know what you're talking about.
@@rudolfkraffzick642 then many of those same generals (such as Ludendorff) had the Gaul to blame Jews and communists for the German surrender.
"Jawohl, ich bin General von Schleicher"
-Kurt Ferdinand Friedrich Hermann von Schleicher, 30 June 1934.
His last words, I believe
@@TheImperatorKnight Yup
@@TheImperatorKnight Thanks for making these videos. Your explanation of the Weimar Republic's fall makes a lot of sense . Just curious, what would you define conservatism as, and where would you place it on the political spectrum?
@@TheImperatorKnight I'd say you're right with your reasoning - but it was a decision with some not so great consequences.
@@kaiserconquests1871 In this context, it basically means wanting to return to the pre-1914 order. That means lots of welfare spending, lots of military spending, generally statist economic policy with some companies getting privileges (subsidies, tariffs, state contacts etc) from the state, little or no parliamentarianism, ignoring or renegotiating the Versailles treaty, law and order, general opposition to ideological revolutionary ideologues, etc.
Take as long as you need for your next episode. What you do in between is a marvelous counterpoint. Your economic analysis is brilliant... and makes me shiver more for what’s going on in the U.S.
The most fascinating thing about Kurt von Schleicher is that his name is based upon the german word schleich or schleichen which translates to 'sneak' or literally 'to sneak'. A perfect case of the name giving insight into the nature of the person as von Schleicher was known for his cunning and somewhat underhanded intrigues. He was a sneaky guy by his very nature.
also the first part of Hitler's name means to HIT something in english ... why were we so blind?
@@MrVorpalswordxdd😂😂
Nutsies
@@Aieaueno
Great commentary TIK, this is why I love your channel so much! You provide detail and insight that makes history fresh each time I tune in.
It's amazing seeing Robert Murphy and Murray Rothbad being quoted outside of voluntarist circles. Warms my heart
Austrian gang! There are dozens of us!
Read Man, Economy, and State more or less cover to cover.
Autographed copy of Lew Rockwell’s Speaking of Liberty 😎
@@vexxedami7817I have 😁
Watching today the economic situation of Weimar Germany , one can only get a vertigo
a very acute feeling of "deja vu"
Last time I was early, Steiner was still fighting his way through.
Last time I was this early, Germany was still prussia
@@Kenfren last time I was this early, you got captured by the fritz.
Don't give up! Steiner can still affect a breakthrough of the Soviet encirclement. The war is not over yet, gentleman. Steiner will succeed!
I don't quite understand the Keynes bit:
If he did think the value of the marks were going to go down (but just not as much as in practice), why was he investing in marks to begin with? what was his plan there?
Good question 😂
The reason you may invest in a foreign currency depends on interest rates; if a deposit in Marks pays 10% per annum and you expect Marks to devalue by 5% per annum in relation you your own currency that is an effective 5% return in your currency, if your own banks pay 3% it is a good deal....until you realize their currency plummets and you lose your capital. In defence of Keynes he probably didn't know the extent of printing of money the Germans were embarking on, if he did.....well he lost his money didn't he?
@@billbolton Oh, okay. that makes sense then.
@@billbolton
According to the video he didn't expect The French to occupy The Ruhr, and it was this event that destroyed the already weak mark.
@@TheImperatorKnight Should've asked it yourself before basing your conclusion of him lacking understanding of basic economics on this speculation.
Also regarding Keynes you are spot on ...Economists constantly call themselves 'Scientific' in their methods and yet hardly ever predict crashes etc!!
Except Rothbard and Ron Paul after him, of course.
@@australiananarchist480 Umm, no. Those... people still think that The Gold Standard is a real scientific basis for The Economy. Let's see how many faults I can find with that just from my own wandering mind in childhood.
1) Most people can go their whole lives without _seeing_ gold. 2) Most people work in industries, fields etc. that never come into contact with it.
Let's take someone like a doctor. He's gonna get paid a _lot_ to do stuff very few people can do. No gold required.
Rothbard & Paul seem to think that if gold doesn't exist, we couldn't pay people who worked? Or not in money? If not, why not? Why couldn't we print money _OR_ currency to circulate independent of gold? It's utterly stupid.
3) The very notion of "The Gold Standard" was made up last century, "making" $ tied to gold. *All paper money **_OR_** currency REQUIRES* someone in authority who is not you to agree to exchange it for food, let alone gold or oil.
They've fallen for a red herring that doesn't even succeed in putting the economy in the hands of they who have all the gold, but they sure seem to think it should & does. That's stupid. Both money _AND_ currency exist to circulate in place of what they represent in order that we can choose to hold onto $ or not, but also so that they can hire people to cut forests for profit, pay them in something they can exchange for things they need without them having to exchange specifically just wood or they wouldn't work for you for just wood.
People want to believe that there is a controlled system in place & that their authority figures control it. Even when that makes everyone worse off, the vast majority of people just feel uncomfortable with true freedom. Banks don't control or "issue" new $, they _print_ it. Always have. But they don't *own* what they print! They just declare it's a loan & governments go along because it keeps the populace in debt & thus in control. But nothing leaves anyone's _vaults_ when a government "asks" the Fed for "new money" & the stuff they print anew wasn't theirs, they _printed_ it anew: it isn't "backed" by anything anyway.
You're telling me we have to print only as much $ for ALL goods & services as gold reserves *(in someone else's possession exists* no matter _what_ the population is? Do you know *how **_low_* a ceiling that is?
Especially as you'll never get their gold to go into circulation?
Neither $ nor currency you work to earn needs "backing." It is *fronted* by your *_labor_* & is printed to circulate _FOR_ your labor.
Gold doesn't even need to _exist_ for $, currency, your labor _OR_ The Economy to exist. I really wish people could think. If you get paid in money or currency for something other than gold, then that money or currency is utterly not dependent upon gold. The connection, need for "backing" is such a farce it's surprising anyone above age 12 would fall for it.
_How_ tf is $ _you work to earn_ owed back to a bank that printed it anew, plus interest?
The purpose of Economics is to make Astrology seem respectable. 😅
You cant study human behavior to a degree that allows you to forsee or exact behavior.
And since economy is made by humans... Well good luck
Hi TIK, I truly appreciate your excellently researched production and especially the recent expansion of your videos into the political context (social, financial, international...) in which the Nazi and Fascist Regimes took roots. As a professional military Officer, I did post-graduate studies at the Naval War College. Your presentations have helped me a great deal in situating our wartime history in the proper socioeconomic environment it took place in. Peace be with you and thank you again for such quality productions. Ciao, L (Maine, USA)
The last time I was this early, Adolf hadn't shaved his moustache.
its señor hilter
@@felipewerner6670 , actually his first name was Corporal when I was that early... 😅🤣
are you talking about Merkle-i dont think they are related (just a humorous conspiracy theory -perhaps based on film ....spoliler alert "the Boys from Brazil
Dear TIK,
there is a book called (apparently) "The Meaning of Hitler" (German original title: "Anmerkungen zu Hitler") by Sebastian Haffner (pseudonym, real name Raimund Pretzel). It's quite short (around 200 pages in German) yet probably the best, most intelligent and most observant analysis of Hitler I have ever read. The last few videos I watched from you reminded me a lot of the book and the observations therein. I highly recommend you read it, it'll probably let a few ideas and theories you currently seem to have regarding Hitler "slide into place".
Best regards from Vienna.
If I ever travel to England I want to meet you and see your book shelf you are always in front of in person. Your knowledge is so detailed and so specific it is truly impressive. Thank you for your hard work on this videos!
I find it so amazing hearing the Rothbardian description of the crisis of 29. The explanation beginning in the inflationary bubble shows a greater deal of historical context and comprehension of historic forces than the standard explanation of the markets suddenly went bananas
It was "animal spirits" - Keynes
@@TheImperatorKnight so are you saying that Kaynes might have tried make economic predictions in some teepee vision quest usually mediated by some psychedelic drugs. And after that he was all
With annoying valley girl accent ---- you know. My spiritual animal is just like so amazing like you can't believe. The dove is my spiritual animal .....
Dude, 100% agree with you about the Chuck Norris Downfall version. Its been in my favorites list for years. This is why I'm a Patreon. You are the best
TIK, when are you going to recreate the downfall scene? Think of the rant potential!
You could have Hitler reacting to today's fascists claiming Nazis were conservatives.
Oh that would be wonderful, I can already see him shake his fists and cry "I should have stuck to taaaanks"
Instead of Fegelein and Himmler, in the TIK's Untergang Universe the Fuhrer's main adversaries are Halder and Manchstein.
Something to do with retail:)
@@nk_3332 If you think a decree issued on 25 May 1521 by Emperor Charles V is radical, then yes, Hitler was also radical. However, social conservatism seeks to "reverse or stem the direction of change". Everything becomes traditional over time.
As more than 100-year-old SS-Rottenführer Veikko Kasslin, who switched sides in the fall of 1944. "...can't even remember what we were fighting for"
www.suomensotilas.fi/ss-mies-veikko-kasslin-100-vuotta/
Just subscribed , I love military history and your site is an excellent source of information , way better than the usual “ fodder “ were fed - thanks a lot - keep up the excellent work , I’ll be referring your site to my friends who also love good military history channel’s 👌👍
Another masterpiece by TIK! Clear and sober, as always. Thank you for your illuminating content.
Love the vid! Thank you for shedding light on how complex and more nuanced this actually was.
Hello TIK.
I wanted to tell you that everything you explained in this video is _basically_ what we as Germans learn in gymnasium (Highschool I guess).
Your video however is much richer and more detailed. Thank you
Wow!! Good to know! I appreciated this video and channel more than my entire school social studies (history) classes taught me about the era of 3rd Reich Germany. The depth of the perspective and reasons for why things happened the way they did is truly superior to school history lessons.
And what you learn at highschool in Germany is wrong. The 1920s was not a period plagued by hyperinflation. Hyperinflation occurred from summer 1922 to december 1923. Return to the Gold standard, promise of government to keep balanced budget cured it. The depression in Germany (1928-1933) led to the rise of the nazis.
This is one of your best sessions. Having studied economics in the late 1960's (as taught by socialists), Keynes had always been exalted as the last word in great economics and the gold standard derided as cruel and unnecessary. However having seen the Greenspan era lead to unlimited money creation and Covid19 leading governments to completely debasing the link between production and income I now await the arrival of hyperinflation plus economic and political chaos - aka "the great reset".
Still waiting for that hyperinflation ...
@Wind Rose The "Great Reset" is a real concept though. Seeing where the market is headed isn't a conspiracy theory
@@destubae3271 The Illuminati is also a "real concept", doesn't mean it has any bearing on the real world.
@@abdmzn yeah except unlike the illuminati, the wef and many world leaders openly call for and anticipate the great reset so just like covid being from a lab and everything else this so called conspiracy theory will come true soon enough and it'll still not be enough for you state sheeps
@@BergheVonTrips1 well we have the high inflation right now, soon enough hyperinflation will hit and you'll just shift gear and say still waiting for ....."
This was one of your better videos. It really covered that gap of Germany history I was not familiar with. Thanks.
... Himmler was a chicken ... farmer .... ahhh TIK you crack me up little buddy.
LOL! I caught that too. Great humor in this video at times!
which part he said that?
Great way to anger a Marxist who claims Fascism was a revolution for the rich Capitalist. Remind them Mussulini was a news paper writer/teacher. Hitler was a failed painter. Himmler was a failed chicken farmer. Lets not forget how much Goering's own squad mates from WWI rejected him as a coward meaning his war record in the eyes of vets was a joke among other members of Jasta Richtofen.
Gotta love all these failures revolting to empower the very people that reject them.
He was.
Sorry,but he wasn't
Your economic explanation of the intra war years makes more sense than any history I've seen before. Excellent
It amazes me the quality of your videos is amazing keep up the great work ure one of the best and most well informed historians on the whole of youtube ❤❤❤
Monday = TIK's day!
A holy day!!!
Montag = TIK Tag!
@@douglasstrother6584 well said!
Hi tik, i want to say we indeed appreciate your effort and time to do all this hard work, I support you from Baghdad, thanks
Keynes the 'Economist' : That's awesome.
Very clever chap- maybe overall borderline genius , but he was only part -time.!. In my mid teens ,when deciding what subjects to study at school , i had brief read of 1st part of his 1936 opus magnus & became inspired ! Correctly inspired that i could do it easy (as easy as spotting his short term obsessed-bit too late arguably already done by Nazis psychological Ponzi style ..........Bottles of money thrown down difficult to access obsolete mineshafts & filled in with soil ,being good for economy-cos create stimulus multiplier effect !(When people employed, machines made to dig up bottles ) Small step from that semi-joke ; to believe that any Govt spending help economy....Tanks anyone?
The conclusion of this video is even better than the video itself! I wish to like It a thousand times! A great class! Thanks TiK!
For generations Keynes was considered "the gold standard" in academic economics. "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money" was used as the economics bible by universities for generations. Excellent video, as usual I don't agree with everything but it has me thinking.
Probably one of your best talks so far! Very comprehensive and chronological. Great!
Hey Tik, at the end there when you listed all the threats to Hitler's rule you mention Hess fleeing to Scotland. Do you think Hess thought he was on the brink of being purged and fled Germany as a result? I know there is still some mystery regarding why exactly he went on his one man diplomacy mission.
That is an interesting theory. Hesse's downfall coincided with Bohrman's rise....Yet this does not explain why didn't he speak out after the war or why did he end in life prison but guys like speer got released....
I don't think he was going to be purged but he was definitely falling down the totem pole of power and Hitler's personal favor. He was getting into some weird shit, I don't remember what it was, but Hitler and his buddies were laughing at him behind his back for how looney he seemed.
As for why he was jailed for life we can only speculate. God only knows what he was telling interrogators.
@@mindfreak078589 I thought I read somewhere that the Soviets vetoed letting Hess out early. He was after all the highest ranking Nazi they managed to hold on to after Goering killed himself. Hess joined the Nazis early on and participated in the Beer Hall Putsch. He shared a prison cell with Hitler and did all the typing for Mein Kampf while Adolph ranted.
Wouldn't Occam's razor suggest that Hess was simply bonkers?
@@soupordave There's a mark felton video out there that had a pretty good explanation for why the soviets vetoed letting Hess out, and going from memory it basically boiled down to allowing the Soviets access to that part of Germany that Hess and the other Nazis were imprisoned in long after the other Nazis he was imprisoned with weren't around anymore, because Hess was the last man time left standing. If I'm remembering it right, every three months the prisons guard staff would rotate between American/British/French/Soviet guards. Basically Hess was kept there to allow the Soviet military and spies easy access to the allied occupation area.
When is the next Stalingrad episode? Those are the best man! Thanks for the content Tik
It might be next week... but probably going to be the week after. This video took a bit longer to do than I thought
@@TheImperatorKnight is Chuikov almost going to die again?
@@TheImperatorKnight Do you have any future plans for economic history videos, they're very informative and weirdly interesting despite being economically illiterate (but unlike socialists can admit it).
Hey TIK, this is a really interesting video already and I'm finding it intrigueing. The economic bits in this are just screaming at me. "No! Don't do this!" And I'm finding the other bits, just as interesting.
Interesting note. I've started reading a book on the War in Burma. And there were quite a couple of prizes as it turns out in there. Like the oil fields mentioned so far in the book, were churning out 250,000,000 tons of oil. And the mines in Burma, were providing Wolfrum as well. But still on the first chapter of this thing, and quite interested in this forgotten front.
Re: Social Facists - as you pointed out the failed economic policies by the SPD, the KPD tried to exploit these failures to gain support from the SPD voter base - and by the numbers of the November 1932 election, this might have worked to some degree. Great that you covered the Fall of the Weimar Republic, TIK as it was a political mess and its understanding is crucial to understand why Hitler came to power by legal means.
Voting is not a legal means to oppression
@@australiananarchist480 If you hand a man a whip you give him a vote of confidence that he will use it responsibly. You can only blame yourself if you give the whip to a bully.
@@jerm70 jesse what the fuck are you talking about
Wonderful video TIK, as always
The only reason Keynes was a popular economist was because his message was what politicians wanted to hear. It gave them all the power. We see A LOT of that in history. Especially now. How sad.
@TIK It amazes me that some people still believe the NSDAP was rightwing and not left as it obviously was
I discovered your channel last year, and while I don't agree with all of your political beliefs (I no longer consider myself libertarian) I appreciate your in depth historical analysis of an era of history that is so woefully misunderstood
I don't expect you to always agree with me, but the evidence regarding the NSDAP being Leftwing is so overwhelming that the only way to say it was Rightwing is to do a bunch of mental gymnastics. Still, people would rather do that than accept the reality.
@@TheImperatorKnight Mental gymnastics is right. There's this RUclipsr I like called The Distributist; and while i respect him, he mistakenly believes the NSDAP and Fascists were rightwing because they were "pro nomian." That's a favorite term of political commentator Mencius Moldbug, whose writing has permeated the nrx community. But it doesn't make sense in the slightest
I suppose that depends on how you define the left right dichotomy and that is typically tied to the political norms and trends at the time in question. What was left and right yesterday is not the same as it is in todays political ideology. It matters not how others depict you and few members of the NSDAP would consider themselves leftists.
@@theprinceofcrows8691 have you seem his video?The nazis considered themselves leftwing
@@theemperor7877 Actually they don't and because I have read more on the subject than most do in their entire lives on all subjects, I know this is patently ridiculous. There were two brothers within the original founders of the party who had some interest in socialism and formed a left wing of the party. They are the Strasser brothers; one was killed on orders from Hitler due to their differences on this very subject. They oft attributed quote with the bombastic claim "I am a socialist...." is actually from the mouth of one of the Strassers and not even a quote of Hitler's at all. How about that??? In fact it was the Strassers who added socialist to the DAP making it the NSDAP over Hitler's objections but this was only to attempt to use it as a bait and switch to draw interest due to the political craze with workers movements at the time. Mein Kampf gets into a lot of this in depth explaining the origins of the name and party and flag using red clearly discerning the difference and firmly tying the NSDAP to the right wing Volkisch movements(such as the Thule movement etc) that were popular since the late 19th century in conservative and nationalist(both traditional long term right wing elements) and firmly rooting it in the rightwing paramilitary anti-leftist anti-socialist and anti-bolshevik movements called Freikorps formed to prevent leftist takeovers of the government and to establish a vanguard against left wing revolutionaries (there was even a Freikorps Hitler and the largest of these right wing paramilitaries was the Stahlhelm which was larger than the Reichswehr and ultimately merged with the Brownshirts after the siezure of power I believe). There was no debate about how they saw their selves and it was as a right wing nationalist movement that was a bulwark "against sozialismus and bolshevismus.." to use the literal words from their banners and rallies.
The Strassers, who were the left wing of a right wing party, were ousted and the last elements of their group who refused to see the light were also killed on what history calls the Night of the Long Knives(name stolen from previous historical event in Roman Empire). So the socialist element was thoroughly purged by that time(1934). In fact the surviving Otto Strasser fled to Czechoslovakia and started the Black Front with the survivors of the NotLK like Walter Stennes. Goebbels had been associated with the Strassers early on in his career being from northern Germany and Berlin, but became an ardent admirer and devout follower of Hitler and converted into his antisocialist line of thinking. The Strasserite element held back any rise to power because it prevented an accord with the powerful Industrialists with their rhetoric and nonsense and after this Hitler was able to court the Krupps, Thysens, etc and continue the rise to power. The leftist wing in a right wing party is not uncommon and vice versa within political movements and complete orthodoxy is rare when revolutionary politics is fluid and a party is still new. Even communists had hardliners (see conservative minded communists) and reformers like Gorbachev within their CPSU but no one would be so ridiculous as to make the claim they were a right wing movement like the fringe right does in this scenario. Which brings us right back home to its very recent origins and what is more akin to a still birth within todays political rot and ridiculous rhetoric.
This is a modern phenomenon and could not be possible at an earlier date for the same reason I gave with the communists because it takes todays rhetoric and climate of the Post Reagan/Thatcher anglo world to make any nationalization equate to socialism. Thats right... socialism = government control of... is a modern nuanced fantasy sold to those who fail to grasp and have enough understanding to know that nationalizing something has been done by countless political entities and is not a strictly socialist ploy at all. It has been done by monarchies, democracies, dictators, welfare state keynesian republics, and others in opposition to socialists. In fact it pre dates socialism entirely but in today's neoliberal world it equals socialism because the far right has told conservatives that that is what it is in a nutshell and this is nothing but a historical farce.
Most of this tragically ridiculous concept is attributed to the far right rhetoric creeping into modern political discourse and has nothing to do with the reality or history of political movements as a whole. It is a warping of reality by polemicists for political purposes and being that TIK is quite a amateur polemicist, without ever meaning to be in fact, he has fallen victim to said rhetoric. He has simply read too much Rothbard, Hayek, and Freidmonite neoliberal literature and found it compelling because he hasn't had much experience in the full spectrum of political science and has a nuanced grasp of what socialism is to begin with.
There is simply no supporting evidence to support them being leftists and the small tidbits of socialist flirting within the NSDAP was more attributed to political opportunism and a penchant for revolutionary politics than any significant striving for literal left wing socialism. That isn't even considering their political alignments within the Reichstag and how they were bedfellows with industry both within Germany and without. It is also not considering the fact that most of Germany's socialists fled or ended up in the concentration camp system just for being socialists. Nor does it get into depth with the leftwing rightwing polital dichotomy and what it is historically from point to point. I could go on ad infinitum and that is what makes this so outright silly. It is flat earth society kind of stuff and no serious student of history or political science could make such a laughable claim because it is easiliy refuted. It is not a sign of the obvious to need 4 or 6 hours to make a case and that was just the film with obvious in the title. Do not confuse polemics with well practiced historical analysis and that is why I am not a subscriber to this channel.
very good presentation, the presentation has a better grasp of economic issues then many current economists.
"That was the most unbloody revolution in history" lmao that shit was on cue man, great vid!
This economic overlook certainly isn't make me optimistic over here in the USA about the coming years. There's not a single political party who is serious about reducing national spending, even in lean economic times like this.
It's scary. The fed has been printing money to fuel the stock market for a decade and one year when the supposedly 'fiscally responsible' Republicans held the House, the Senate, and the White House they managed to run a TRILLION dollar defecit in a single year. And that was before Covid...
@@erics7992 Yes. And there's nobody pumping the brakes at all. They want trillions more for infrastructure spending and unemployment benefits, freezing evictions. And states with out of control pension funds, California being the big one, are likely to get bailed out by the fed as well.
Even in the era of Keynes there were actual economists who understood how things worked, but now everyone in government seems to have backward ideas about the economy. There's growing support for labor theories of value and people who think taxation exists only to restrict the money supply and combat inflation, and these people are reaching high positions in the government.
@@TheNoonish they have gotten away with it for so long and they also think no one will ever call in the debt because then everyone's house will come crashing down...
@@TheNoonish America can get away with it because they're the world reserve currency, and it's either them or China as the centre of the world, and nobody wants it to be China except the CCP.
Hey TIK thank you for being one of the few youtube historians who links together economics and history. Seeing the economic backgrounds behind historical events make everything that much clearer.
Also, I love that jab at Keynes XD
If you haven’t already read it then I highly recommend Death on the Don. Its a brilliant book about Germany’s allies on the eastern front (and most importantly at Stalingrad)
Keep up the good work 👍
Yep, already got it, but thanks for the recommendation :)
@@TheImperatorKnight What do you make of Friedrich Ebert? When I first read about him in middle school, I never get the vibes that he was as “liberal” or “democratic” as his admirers often made him out to be.
Excellent analysis of the monetary system of the 20s and 30s. It always amazes me when people accuse Nixon of taking the US off the gold standard when a real gold standard hadn't existed since before WWI
Nixon didn't do anyone any favors by ending the Bretton Woods system, though.
@@fakeplaystore7991 Uh, yes he did? He prevented a 2nd great depression in the US and the rest of the world? Do you even know what you're talking about? The Bretton Woods system and gold standard completely failed with the treasury bleeding through its gold reserves throughout the 60s thanks to poor federal reserve policies, the BoP deficit and a plethora of issues with pegged exchange rates and the gold standard itself. Nixon had no choice but to end the gold standard because amount of dollars in the world simply exceeded the respective amount of gold the US owned. Maybe read about the bretton woods system and pegged exchange rates in general before making totally inaccurate and false comments like that. I can't believe how many idiots actually think that pegging a currency to gold is somehow a viable system. Bretton Woods was a huge mistake in the first place, it was done under the false assumption that competitive devaluation had caused the great depression, and the gold standard was just an added cherry on top to make the dollar seem more stable to other countries.
This was one of the three subjects I was made to study to get a GCSE in History... never heard of Schleicher. -_-
Let me recommend,
Hitler's Thirty Days to Power,
Henry Ashby Turner.
You learn about that in the IB Higher Levels
We only got as far as The War of the Roses. Probably because a large proportion of our teachers spent a whole bunch of their youth killing Axis types and so were a little bit biased.
I love how the wall street crash is a perfect example for why a globalized economy is bad. Have trouble in one part of the world and suddenly everyone is affected in some way.
Covid was another perfect example. Taiwan has a covid problem, then there's a computer chip shortage
Well thanks to you Mr. TIK I am writing an essay about this period
TIK! I'm loving it! Please put out a documentary!
This is a documentary!
@@TheImperatorKnight I'm lovin it! But we need a new Man In The High Castle with you in charge!
We need a documentary on the Weimar Republic
@@Therworldtube That's a good idea!
@@Therworldtube I vote for World War 1 Eastern Front
As always I enjoy the knowledge you put forth, thank you!
When this video is over I’m gonna sit in the dark with a glass of brandy and listen to ‘the Sound of Silence” over and over again
Another excellent video! Well done, great details and as always - thanks for the sources.
Lewis, I really appreciate your work as an historian but you should be aware that the way you present economics is ... flawed (sorry for being so direct).
The problem is not your personal preference for Austrian economics, you are obviously free to think and say what you prefer; the problem is that there is a professional way to present economics, if you want to speak about economic history.
There are metrics used by everyone, neo-classics, post keynesians, MMTs, monetarists etc. that should be used if we want to discuss economic history with the same level of quality and depth that you are using for military and general history. There are equations and concepts that should be referred to and, numbers to be presented; and if there are different interpretations among the economists, the different positions should be mentioned.
A further point I would like to mention is the ethical element that you seem to associate to economic actions: no economic behavior is inherently good or bad. There are only causes and effects, decisions and consequences, intents and outcomes. To make a simplistic example, the rise of salaries is usually considered good by the employees and bad by the employers, so there is no possible consensus on if it is good or bad.
Please do not take this as a personal attack; I find your work remarkable, even when I do not agree with it, with the exception of the parts when you deal with economics that stick out as a sore thumb.
If I am writing this, is only because I would like to see the already high quality of your channel to improve even more.
All the best.
Millennium 7*
Hey Tik, great work as always, very interesting video. A very fascinating topic, now I really want to read some books you used for your sources, I think I might start with "lords of finance". Thank you!
0:00-45:25 World economics 101
45:26-48:00 “Why Hitler didn’t trust his generals”
48:01-end, more economics
Ty
Starting to feel like you are the gold standard of youtube history, even moreso the cutting edge. Been obsessed with the war my whole life and you are the only one delving into these other factors without an overdose of allied propaganda
Thank you, excellent research and greatly presented! I think that you can change the motto, to "Stick to History!"
As someone who knows little about economics and it's recent history, I appreciate all of this thoughtful information.
Hey, TIK, this is my first comment on one of your videos.
This is just like what what happened in Venezuela, with the gov. taking over more of the private market, increasing prices, and making the country another victim of socialism itself. It has been tried but it will never work. Thanks and keep up the good work, TIK.
you would think ,having something like largest oil reserves of any country in the world (like when USSR subsidising Cuba) -would have helped, despite communist economics. Seems not-perhaps they needed 10 times more oil ? -until that ran out.
nonono you're supposed to blame evil murica for this!
One of the most educational videos I've seen. Thank you for making this.
Como siempre, muy bien 👍 Me encanta este canal
Politics - military and class, parliamentary & street economics - national and international, labour: employer relations, history broad brush and virtually pointillist. The best explanation of deflation I’ve ever heard. Who needs University - or a career in retail?
Please could you make a video on how you animate your battlestorm series. Maybe show how you learned and progressed over the last couple years.
There is a Patreon Q&A about this that I need to do, so I will integrate the 'history' of how I animate my Battlestorms into it. Thanks!
Awesome, I’m actually thinking of starting my own history RUclips channel but I don’t know what I’m doing on Blender
I discovered your channel today and I loved it.
Wilhelm Franz Canaris (1 January 1887 - 9 April 1945) was a German admiral and chief of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence service, he constantly betrayed Hitler and the Germany military operations.
True. When you change a government, you MUST change the members too
TIK, great work and though historical to the subatomic particle level, which I thoroughly enjoy, your work explains much of the current attitudes in NATO and NATO-esque
A small point, Keynes was not ennobled until July 1942...
And he was still a lying prat.
Sure, some germans might laugh about how he does pronounce "Müller" but I really appreciate him trying to pronounce it the right way. Thank you, Sir! Much obliged .
PS: You should hear me, speaking english :))
He also hated the General Staff because many of them were Prussians, (Hitler was an Austrian and therefore antithetic nemesis on the Germanic spectrum) and Junkers (Hitler was a commoner and earned his Iron Cross as an infantryman, he experience the Great War in person and he felt that the aristocratic General Staff were the same incompetent commanders that surrendered to the Entente). Funnily enough this exact situation is how President Hindenburg a Prussian of noble ancestry looked down upon the Austrian Corporal as he called Hitler.
well it was a Bavarian Crown Prince rupprecht who surrendered to the Entente,and the Bavarian right who shot the Nazis to death while crushing the 1923 putsch, Hitler originally idolized and admired the Prussian Erich Ludendorff, (who marched alongside him in 1923). I believe Hitler was suspicious and untrusting of the whole German aristocracy not because he disliked 2Prussians" but because they could become a point for the centre of a future opposition to him there were rumours in Bavaria in 1933,after the Nazis were helped into power. of the preparation to restore the Wittlesbach monarchy(which did not transpire,Hitler was suspicious of anyone or anything that could be a threat wether they be Austrian Bavarian Prussian Saxon or whatever,
Tik: chuck norris.. the best...
I've noticed lately the amount of humor is on the increase. Keep it up👍
This was a truly eye opening video. kind of mind blowing actually. Thank you!
When you gunna do a stream with the Academic agent
I'm no good with live-streams; I prefer being able to provide references and get my words right. I like AA though, great channel 👍
Hello TIK,
superbly done video. I also like the obvious influences from the "Lords of Finance"-book, one of my favorits when it comes to the great depression and one that I know that I have pushed hard here on then channel ;)
I love your socioeconomic history work already but, seeing a Rothbard quote from someone with your stature and demeanor has made my day. Keep up the good work as a wonderful beacon
Became a patreon today. 'bout time too.
Awesome, thank you!
@@TheImperatorKnight Not at all, the debt of gratitude lies with me. Thanks for all your hard work!
Great video and very well documented content! You should do a joint video with the folks of Time Ghost. It would be amazing. Back to today's video, I'm slightly disappointed by the overall portrait you did of Hjalmar Schacht. He was instrumental to stopping Germany hyperinflation in 1923 while currency commissionner at the Reichsbank. The signatures of the Dawes plan in 1924 on his terms save Germany again from total bankruptcy and bye de facto avoided Europe financial ruins all together. He also was key to refinancing the nazi party in feb 1933 and instrumental in restoring the Germany economy after the crash of 1929 + Great Depression as Reich economic minister under Hitler. In essence, he saved Germany three time when he had power but made ennemies along the way (notably Goerings) and finished the last two years of WWII in a concentration camp. His professional life would make a interesting documentary but slightly outside of your Y-T channel focus...
I kept thinking what the first 40 minutes had anything to do with Hitlers Generals
Hey Tik, :)
Thanks for another video. I like the considerations of economics on political and strategic decisions. After all war is not waged by one man but a huge armed forces apparatus which needs to be build and sustained, basically by economic power.
I am not sure about some issue you raise though. At least, while you are right in basic points that economical principles have their beneficial effects of changing the economic to whatever is needed, there are always some limits to it, starting with laws (like forbidden murder and drugs), over required regulation to avoid monopolies and possibly even oligopolies, to limitations due to physical restraints like basic human needs as breathing air, drinking water, living somewhere close to their job (limited time), which undermines the required freedom of choice on the buyers side (leading to most reasonable price for offer and demand).
I am not sure if I understood it as you meant it, but there's a difference in taxing companies and taxing the rich. Taxing companies leads to higher prices for the consumers as all competitors have similar rise in costs which they turn over right away in unison to their customers plus the additional losses of revenue by higher prices compensated with even higher prices.
Taxing the rich meanwhile (for their wealth or income, not their companies) is not turned over the poor since they are not their customers. I am not very educated about economics but isn't it a big myth that there's no trickling down effect? Aren't there more indicators that giving every person a fixed amount of money boosts the economy the most as most (poor) people spend the money right away?
Not many understand economics like you do. Well done.
Thank you sir!
The great "economic genius" Keynes surely did NOT...poster child for the leftists/socialist Losers 🤑
Thank you, a most informative piece. With an undergrad double major in PolSci & Econ and an MBA in Finance, I was once a working economist and later on Wall Street. I'd like to chat sometime if doable.
The autumn of 2008 when the banks were too big to fail.
Too big to fail. Every time I hear that the Roman Empire comes to mind.
Yes, they were too big to fail
Like from start. :) . Good job, TIK, as always. Greetz from CZ.
John Maynard Keynes
“Economist”
Love it.
I might start calling him the Red Baron 😉
@@TheImperatorKnight does your sister make videos about languages on RUclips?
@@TheImperatorKnight The theory that the gold standard wasn't sufficient seems to be consistent with modern monetary theory. The same justifications used to print money during the virus crisis and collect foreign debt in massive amounts are maybe what Evans was pointing to, because a fiat currency will only increase the prices of goods if it's in active consumer circulation as opposed to a national reserve bank somewhere. The gold standard necessitates that consumer prices increase due to its link to a fixed value, when one is printed the division between dollars and price of gold inherently worsens. I don't necessarily agree with the point I just made, it's just a thought. Was it the reparation money buying German goods that did the economy in, or rising consumer prices without that additional issue? If anyone wants to clear up any misunderstandings I may have about the economics, please do.
@adum50 To some extent I agree with you. His contribution to the world was enormous, but that does not mean his theories were correct and I think that many of the points in this video go a long way to demonstrate that. "Karl Marx invented modern sociopolitical theory that's still being used around the world even today. He might have created the most deadly ideology to ever exist in human history, but you can't deny that his contribution to the world is enormous." I hope you see my point.
Frankly, I think a lot of Keynesianism sounds good in theory, but again like Marxism, history really does prove that it has not been effective.
@adum50 "when an idea become a theory its pretty much set in terms of its ability to prove its prediction" That is absolutely absurd. Search for literally any held belief that has been proven incorrect. It was unanimously accepted theory that the sun rotated around the Earth. That does not mean it is correct. Furthermore, Keynesian theory has had time to prove itself and ever since, the world has been blighted with severe economic instability and mismanagement.
"What if" is a ridiculous way to try to hold a position. If there weren't Keynesian thinking we likely wouldn't have even had the 2008 financial crisis as the government would not have been interested in bail outs, and so on. But who knows? What ifs are just fiction, the reality is far more compelling and is actually study-able. There was no Great Depression until the Federal Reserve and Keynesianism took hold, and it's not like empires hadn't risen and fallen before that. Lastly, I hope you able to detect at least some irony in Karl Marx making money from investing in the stock market. His wife was also a wealthy aristocrat if I recall correctly.
Thanks TIK. Great vid' as usual :)
The slogan. "stick to tanks" has a bit of irony for me. You see, I often play World of Tanks while watching your fantastic videos!
I've been playing War Thunder.
Im sure you're pretty busy overall but irony besets me.
I was playing Hearts of Iron 4 a ww2 based grand strategy game.
I was playing a mod called Kaiserredux where it expands upon the concept of germany winning world war 1 and one of the newest things they added was a Kurt von Schleicher path which follows a more aristocratic form of governance relegating the Kaiser to a figurehead position or the choice of having a pact with Goring's colonial administration to rule the empire in a quasi form of Plutocracy in a way.
Love the videos you make and hope things are going well for you.
I forgot to mention the video popped up as I was talking about von Schleicher lol, whoops
From what I was taught about World War 2, it was "common knowledge" that the German army leadership did not like Hitler and wanted to set him aside as soon as they did not need him anymore.. This was suggested as one of the reasons why Hitler started the war with the Soviet Union so quickly as he needed the army occupied and knew that it would be hesitant to remove him while Germany was fighting and winning.
Whenever I read any alternate history about what might have happened if Hitler died earlier, it tends to default to a power struggle between someone like Himmler and the army. Usually the army wins and installs some one like Rommel as the new German leader.
They would have overthrown him and installed a Hohenzollern Kaiser if they could have.
Шикарный выпуск, было бы не плохо увидеть подобный выпуск по ситуации в СССР и экономике советов 28-37 годов.
Great release,
it would be nice to see a similar issue on the situation in the USSR and the economy of the Soviets of 28-37.
There, first video where I appear as a patreon :>
400th like here. Bravo I really enjoyed this treatise on the Weimar Republic. Could anyone suggest a reference explaining the differences between the Gold policy versus the Gold Exchange policy?
My last name is Schleicher... Is that bad?
Mayhaps
No.. You are not responsible for the actions of others... leftist mainstream love to shame white Americans for slavery because "every white person during the slavery era was a slave owner". And leftist love to shame the German people for the things that happened under the nazis because "every German was a nazi war criminal"! It's collectivism... collective guilt.
No
Lol no
Very good video. Thank you!