Universe Was Once Divided into Cells, New Study Says
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- Опубликовано: 18 май 2024
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The idea that the universe is not the same everywhere has been flying under the radar for the last fifty years or so, and a new paper details a fresh perspective on this idea. According to the new paper, the decay of axion domain walls could explain dark matter and some unusual gravitational waves. Let’s have a look.
Paper: arxiv.org/abs/2401.14331v2
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#science #sciencenews #physics 
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"This one isn't any worse"
High praise coming from Sabine
Or a Vulcan ...
In a backhanded kind of way.
german "This one isn't any worse" -> normal language "it's actually kinda good" 🤣
Yeah, I was thinking, "Sabine is really interested".Small black holes are much more viable than the "black someting that don't interact with our instruments, so we need a bigger collider, gravitons, black goo, black vomit or whatever else"
I can only love Sabine's brutal skepticism
I can love that and the Numa Numa guy
@@VanBurenOfficial Maya who?
Her rational skepticism is what makes her an EXCELLENT scientist.
Since Dr Hawkings death, it upsets me that my assumptions aren't fundamentally challenged in a positive way, except where Dr Sabine is concerned.
To put more simply: smash my biases, f**k up my presuppositions, and make me THINK in uncomfortable ways.
With how hyper-advertised everything is these days, I was expecting a squarespace advert when you mentioned domains
With SponsorBlock-extension sometimes hard to know was there ad skipped or only related word mentioned..
@@PexiTheBuilder Wow, thank you so much for the heads up, wasn't aware that such an extension existed. Now I can watch Sabine's videos again without having the constant feeling I'm being sold some stupid stuff
Plot twist: This comment is sponsored by Squarespace! 😂
“Physics is wild, man…”
Damn, domain expansion just took on a whole new meaning
I had the pleasure to be lectured by one of the authors of the paper. It is very cool to see Sabine covering one of his papers. Thank you for your videos!!
It’s all more weird than we could possibly understand
yes, basically that's the conclusion I have come to, too
AI will eventually figure it all out for us.
More weird - yes, then we can understand - not ready to give up.
@@raybod1775If it not kill us.
Heinlein put it thusly: "The universe is not only stranger than we imagine, but stranger than we _can_ imagine."
The naughty parts of the Universe were put in Solitary Confinement. Source: Hitchhiker's Guide To The Universe
*Galaxy.
@@KingCobboneswait you only got the Galaxy edition?
Multiverse edition is much better, the towels are 10 times better.
@@deth3021 I heard you can use it twice instead of throwing the towel on the floor after the first use.
@@deth3021 Sass that hoopy deth.
It's a quantum multiverse, there are an infinite number, only one becomes real, when it becomes the past, so you only get to actually use the towel once, though there are an infinite number of quantum towels in the future with a infinite number of potential yous to use them, based upon all the choices of all of life being made, always hard to tell which choices will impact how you choose to pick up or not pick up that towel and the outcome from doing so.
Just wondering ... if these domains have different names ... do we need an intergalatic domain-name-system then?
Don’t forget to update reverse DNS
Hahaha yes.. and routers to the baby universes, including support for the new quality-of-causality protocol
As the programmer of the Universe, I'm especially proud of black holes.
The way growing gravity slows down time where much matter collect ... It is the perfect way to protect my CPUs from overheating when too many interactions in certain locations would otherwise threaten to.
So, What’s the thing of everything? 😂
haha 😂
So, is it all written with one simple instruction, as Turing proved is enough, or does the universe use a larger instruction set?
@@Spiegelradtransformation 42
Yep, I've long thought GR looked like server lag coupled with a surprisingly efficient, but imperfect, load-sharing algorithm. The more activity/energy there is localized in one area, the more the load gets spread to neighboring compute nodes to keep the lag from getting too excessive. Black holes are what happens when that energy density grows faster than the load can be redistributed. Also, quantum tunneling looks an awful lot like collision error from discrete physics frame processing. Especially if the radius of your bounding spheres is proportional to momentum.
I think, when the domain walls disintegrated they left behind… matter, normal baryonic matter, which is why we have these huge cosmic structures, walls made of galaxy clusters, and why they formed so early.
The galaxy projector sounds good.
It's pretty cool but without better wifi tech it's pretty gimped unfortunately...
I prefer to paste tiny gold stars on the ceiling with Elmer's Glue.
Sabine, I find your RUclips channel to be extremely interesting and funny at the same time, there’s not a whole lot of Matt there that can do that and still make sure you understand things that are complicated to understand. Thank you very much for your channel, I appreciate it and watch it every single day.
First of all I like the idea that there are things out there we can't easily see and that the universe might have different properties elsewhere.
Another interesting but likely untrue idea. But it is actually a lot of fun.
Like most of modern theoretical physics I guess. And it is not less lovely.
Crazy ideas are necessary, even if most of them are wrong. 99% are wrong but the remaining 1% are a humdinger.
how the fuk u know it is true or not until u test it? how can u test it if u dont come up with some idea first? would u do nothing and nothing happen lol
@@tranngochungdevwannabe When we have tested it, there is no more place for speculation. Do you really want to take all fun out of science?
@@tranngochungdevwannabe Calm down and try to be respectful.
So according to this, maybe both Axions and 1nm primordial black holes comprise dark matter? I would have thought BH's of that mass would have evaporated already. I seem to remember reading about what a very small black hole would do if it were to collide with the Earth, and the answer was kind of surprising - not that much.
The nominal size of a primordial black hole (PBH) is not well-defined, as it can range from the Planck mass to hundreds of solar masses and beyond
. The size of a PBH is directly dependent on its mass, with more massive PBHs having larger event horizons
.
The Planck mass, which is approximately 2.18 × 10^(-8) kg or 1.62 × 10^(-5) solar masses, is the minimum mass required for a black hole to form
. However, PBHs with masses below 10^15 g would evaporate quickly due to Hawking radiation and are not considered stable
.
PBHs with masses above 10^15 g can survive until the present day and are potentially detectable
. The size of these PBHs would be comparable to that of an atomic nucleus, with radii on the order of 10^(-18) meters
.
In summary, the nominal size of a primordial black hole is not well-defined, as it can range from the Planck mass to hundreds of solar masses and beyond, with more massive PBHs having larger event horizons
.
@@aaronjennings8385 From chatgpt?
A small black hole, if it's fast enough, would basically just go through Earth. It's like neutrinos. The problematic case is when it's just about slow enough to be caught, in which case it'd eat up earth from the inside, creepy idea.
The nm sized black holes are just about large enough to not yet have evaporated.
@@SabineHossenfelder If slow, tiny black holes exist, they must be extremely rare. Somehow the Earth has managed to last 4.5BY so far. That makes me wonder if the cell theory has any predicted distributions (# of tiny PBH's per cubic parsec) and some sort of predicted spectrum of velocities.
@@yerocawelllll, you need to remember that even if earth has thousands upon thousands of these tiny black holes trapped inside it, they would take billions upon billions of years before anything like a human would notice the anomalies they would cause. And even more billions of years afterwards before any real effects could be noticed. These things could devour for billions of years and barely be noticeable. But once the threshold of negative effects is reached, it's too late.
Okay, I've been thinking this for a while. There was a video by PBS SpaceTime 2-3 months ago talking about how you can look at what matter is and see it as the surface of a bubble. And you see these empty voids is like "white holes" but there's no light coming from them but space time. This is just further proof.
ive been waiting for a long time to hear more mention of cosmic domain walls
If this is true--and it's been something I've suggested for decades--it is reasonable to surmise that some bubbles would burst as their walls thin. Wouldn't the energy released appear like a big bang?
„Physics is wild, man“ made my day. 😂
Danke, Sabine!
More of this. More of what you've been doing lately. Great stuff.
You never cease to push your limits further. Fantastic vocal and one of my favourite covers to date 🙏🏼🖤🖤
First time I've heard of this theory, and I read lots of science articles ... thanks Sabine for bringing a novel idea to our attention ... though I wonder in addition to gravitational waves if there may be some telltale differences in the light that passes through these domain barriers versus light that has not.
Its actually quite an old idea that most physicists working in the field know about.
Thank you for explaining the history of the Einstein-Rosen bridge and the Kaluza-Klein stuff, I've seen that stuff a lot but never understood it. THANK YOU!
Very interesting indeed... Some out of the box thinking there... I like it! 😊
Thanks, Sabine!
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Its actually a quite well known and relatively old idea.
Space is a trip.It never ceases to blow my mind.
Yet another captivating video from Sabine
I’ve enjoyed your articles for years, and I have to say that I *love* your videos. Now I can get a regular fix!
Sabine, your last 2 videos, this one and the one about particle sigularities, have answered so many lifelong dilemmas I have been unsuccessfully trying to figure out on my own. Thank you so much. These are home runs. (And I love Pringle! What else would you expect in the great attractor?)
Our universe made the mistake of popping, and once it popped, it could not stop. :(
@@BartholomewFlutist A quantum fluctuation of the universe that "randomly " occurred , was supposed to disappear again but didn't it kept
on being .
I agree with this theory except the "random" part !
It feels intuitive to me that’s it’s all fractal, maybe infinity so. But it seems (again, to me) that highly complex systems form similar structures at every level. The resemblance of galactic filaments to tree root systems and neurons has always fascinated me. How they all essentially provide a highway for elements/chemicals. And if we see similar structures at nanometers and megaparsecs, why would it stop there? Up and down
As above, so below
The only thing about the universe I'm sure of is that there is nothing about the universe we're sure of.
I’m sure I exist in the universe
MrAdamo::: Cogito ergo sum
Are you sure?
@MrAdamo just another npc I'm afraid.
7:53 I hope they’re validating their assumptions and not just leaving them as assumptions.
Thanks so much for creating and sharing this informative video. Great job. Keep it up.
It would be cool to actually get a full video where you take apart the assumptions made in the paper. Until the end, where you mentioned the assumptions being quite out therr, I thought this was something new that seems to actually fit observations and could be really cool to follow and receive updates on, but now I am not sure as I cannot even judge how out there the theory is, but maybe I missed it in this video. Cool topic and video!
Another interesting and thought provoking video. I really enjoy your prospective and the levity that you bring to interesting, but complicated subjects
0:05 quiz-question: is it Sabine´s eye?
It's not. I don't put mascara on my lower lashes.
I see what you mean
Cool video I love hearing about new ideas. It helps keep me young at heart and mind.
Subir Sarkar uses a quote from Einstein about being pestered to attend a philosophy of Relativity conference. "They are trying to make me swallow something I don't have in my mouth". This is that!
This is honestly the best Dark Matter explanation I have heard yet
Super interesting, brilliant explanation.....
This is the first time I see a science channel reads ad from other domain, life style. This this peak.
I like the idea of mini/micro black holes being dark matter: don’t have to invent new physics for that. But I’m adverse to the need to invent new particles that we have never seen. Sounds like an other scheme to justify another yet larger collider. I definitely like the pulsar measurement idea. If we could “point” this measurement towards a nearby galaxy (like Andromeda?), maybe one that exhibits a large dark matter signature and one that exhibits a small signature (rotation rate discrepancies) that could be telling. The one thing I dislike about the black hole explanation is that for this to be the explanation of dark matter, there would have to be a whole lot of them, and all over the place. With so many black holes running about surely they would run into stuff (non-dark matter) fairly frequently, and I can’t see that this would not produce a sizable and observable signature. Was the asteroid 60 million years ago a black hole? Probably not since I assume it would have cored out a tunnel as it passed through earth and I don’t think we see any evidence for that. So although I like the idea of black holes for dark matter, I’m left wondering why we have not seen evidence of their existence in a more materiel way than gravity wave detection. So many mysteries yet to solve!
It seems that being no worse than existing hypotheses is the current low bar for dark matter conjectures. That said, even that is not so easily achieved.
This seems pretty similar to a thought I've had for a long time. Aside from domains, I imagined space and the universe sectioned into these less or more dense spaces with matter being weights that create tensions between these different volumes of density. So there's no walls but boundaries that outline larger or smaller areas of space that would even allow light to pass through at slightly different speeds. It doesn't answer dark matter because I think it's a bit beyond being a thing but is more likely the emergent property of our native universe being pushed or wrapped around another, but this explanation gives some insight in how that can work with areas of space being bigger or smaller than others but appearing normally to us. To give an example, light from a less dense region of space might be able to "move faster" by going through and around a more dense region of space, displacing the light to make it appear that the light that went around and the light that went through would show up at different times. From our perspective these distances have not changed, like a fold on a paper. Even though it is more dense it doesn't impede us or look different, but these folds can be shaped by other things pushed and exerting that force around it. Imo the universe as we know it is a vortex being squeezed between other vortexes that are all shaped like Klein bottles but look like black holes.
The first 'soap bubble' example was an image that the Webb telescope, among others, reveals connecting the galaxies, and which made the stars that occupy them, as Suns in those Galaxies.
The images show the collections of galaxies and those traveling into the Great Attractor, which would show those 'Collections' and growing to Unknowable extent...but 'We' do have the concept of 'Infinity'...:)
I really appreciate these opportunities to watch, think about and comment, Sabine! It is a labor of love for teaching, I know and appreciate it...and the 'Design' bless you!!! :)
I have a question for you.
So, tornadoes need a 'ground' to touchdown and form, and whirlpools require a sea floor, to form, as well.
Considering how a black hole seems to behave like a 'Spacetime whirlpool' of sorts, does their mere existence indicate that they're "touching down" on something? Does our universe have a bottom?
Maybe the 'domain walls'?
Seems unlikely, though I'm no expert. Tornadoes and whirlpools are a consequence of rotational forces and pressure differences in those areas but black holes are actual objects that are physically pulling objects nearby towards them.
black holes have nothing to do with tornados and whirpools, that's all just a laic analogy
black hole is a collapsed vacuum that has an infinite energy density point or some quantum based central object inside
We’re used to mass bending space-time down, like the classic analogy using a membrane, but do gravity waves oscillate space-time up as well as down and if so, would mass move away from the positive peaks and would this be an example of antigravity?
I would love to see you go on the JRE podcast. I think you and Joe would have an amazing conversation.
Thank you for the video.
Oooh, I got in on the ground floor of this one. Love your work, Sabine!
The paying members, or whatever they are, got there first. Some comments are from yesterday.
@@TooSlowTubeRight, I´m one. You press the member button, get logged in, pay 3dollars a month and you´re part of the club. Sabines team uploads the vids quite irregulary, sometimes two at once a day before or so before publishing. In this "time window" the members only can see and comment it since Dec. last year. Nice is that she oftener finds time then to answer questions.
I have read Greg Egan Schield's Ladder, and some essays by Lem. The concept of cell like universe is not so weird anymore ;)
So cool! But yeah, sounds that they fine tuned it somewhat...
Hypothetical “Dark Ice” or “Black Ice”:
Imagining a counterpart to dark matter and dark energy, we could speculate about a substance called “dark ice” or “black ice.”
Conceptualization:
Properties: Like dark matter, dark ice would be invisible and not interact with light. It might not absorb or emit any electromagnetic radiation.
Behavior: Dark ice could form in regions of extreme cold, perhaps in interstellar space or near black holes.
Effects:
Gravitational Influence: Dark ice might have a gravitational pull, affecting nearby matter.
Cosmic Structures: It could contribute to the formation of unseen structures, influencing the distribution of galaxies.
Expansion: If dark ice behaves similarly to dark energy, it might play a role in the universe’s expansion.
A system of cells interlinked within
Cells interlinked within cells interlinked
within one stem. And dreadfully distinct
Against the dark, a tall white fountain played
Just for clarification: the difference in vacuum energy would not be large enough between domains to tear apart any molecule that passes through a boundary. Am I correct?
If I am incorrect, then I would think that would create a test, as interstellar and intergalactic space aren't completely empty, and we could see matter getting energized by them.
It may be quite large over large distances. But the Axion field is only weekly interacting with normal matter.
I love the way Sabine's hair transitions to a different state whenever she is plugging something.
I would love your opinions on the most recent Terrence Howard JRE podcast conversation.
How often would these little black holes run through a neutron star? And would those be dense enough to grab them?
I cannot verify the numbers, but I once read that a microscopic black hole passing through the Earth would only capture 6 elementary particles. If it was travelling slowly enough to be captured it would take a trillion years to eat the planet. Too light to attract anything. So small they only eat what directly hits them. All planets and stars may already be doomed. It's just something I heard, until Sabine confirms it in a video.
As you mentioned "physics is wild" and I might add getting more scatter brained every day.
One day we migh find out, that we're just specs of dust in a cell in a cell in a cell and the universe is just another cell.
But then - no, we cannot find that out. What we can see, is only the world, we are limited to.
Imagine we are inside the body of another human. The universe is their brain matter or blood cells or DNA...
🔭I have an interesting question for a next video:
Matter that falls into a black hole falls in very quickly from the perspective of the matter. For a distant observer, the matter will appear to freeze right before crossing the event horizon because time dilation is so incredibly strong at the event horizon. Even after trillions of years, the matter still appears "frozen" at the event horizon. In fact, from the distant observer's perspective, it will take an infinite amount of time for the matter to cross the event horizon.
1. Question: How can you explain this paradoxical situation where, on the one hand, the matter does cross the event horizon, and on the other hand, it will never cross the event horizon?
2. Question: This also means that the black hole will evaporate due to Hawking radiation before the matter crosses the event horizon. How can you explain this?
Now yall are finally figuring it out
I do notice sound waves on my iphone when talking between universes - but the wormhole could be unstable causing that -
A slightly different version of domain walls might also explain the antimatter asymmetry problem, and not needing Axion fields, just electromagnetic fields. And they too would produce tiny little kugelblitzs which would be much smaller than asteroid mass, and closer to Planck mass.
Of course. Pringles are the great attractor. Makes so much sense.
Thanks Sabine. I like the mixer board analogy :)
It is an interesting concept. (The cell domains)
Maybe they are just domain walled multiverses within our multiverse within a black hole within a ...
I get a lot of repetition in patterns when analyzing large binary setts. If the data set is large enough the repetition of similar patterns will naturally emerge but it doesn't necessarily say anything meaningful about the actual data. Nature just has a thing about randomish patterns and my natural human instinct attracts me to pretty things.
I thought the great attractor situation was mostly solved. Malmquist bias, a reduction in mass by about 90% and confirmation that most of the motion was in the direction of the Shapley Supercluster.
Feels right... Need to think on it awhile.
Biologists puzzled for quite a while on the problem of the origin of eukaryotes. Enter Lynn Marguilis, stage left. She looked at the diversity of procaryotes, and pondered if symbiosis, or specifically end symbiosis of various procaryotes into primordial eukaryotes. As it happened, she nailed it. Some of her other ideas were not successful, and some even think that she destroyed classical neo darwinism, but I think that is a bit of a stretch. She just fiddled with the scale. The theory did help the idea that you can apply evolutionary ideas to different scales. Is a human an individual, or a huge bag of trillions of cells? The answer depends on what questions you are trying to ask. And answer. Pathogen-immune responses can be studied from an evolutionary ecology perspective. You can use basically the same math as in predator-prey dynamics, the Lotka-Volterra equations. Or you can work out dynamics of human populations. The scales are different, but the basic ideas are the same.
Mandelbrot set stuff is very useful in biology, generally speaking. I have no idea how useful it is in physics. As far as biology goes, "mother nature" keeps re-hashing the same basic stuff, [often at different scales] and in the process can produce great complexity, form and function.
I don't think Darkmater is just one thing but it seems like most people do, we know it's there and it's good to have skepticism but I can't see black holes being any part of it, love your program
You can see the effect of domains in nature by looking at smelted ore after it has been poured into a form. You can see the domains interact with it each other as the ore cools. It makes sense to me that the plasma in the early universe would interact in a similar manner.
Well the non uniform cooling would make sense right? If energy wasn't distributed absolutely perfectly after the initial event, then by necessity areas would have cooled slower/faster, so some areas would have had matter form in them much earlier than others. Maybe this is the cause of cosmic webbing, and large voids.
Let us consider this matter from the perspective of Ernst Mach and Einstein. According to Mach, gravity effects everything in the universe. According to Einstein, gravity is just a distortion of space-time. So, I ask, what if the "missing" mass is not dark, but simply out of our sight? Okay, it could well be the combination of the two, but the unseen matter will definitely have an effect. Gravity cannot be stopped by anything.
This! Anthropocentrism at its most extreme. There is absolutely no good reason to believe that physics is the same everywhere and across all time.
Pringles are my favorite chips/crisps.
Another great video Ms. Hossenfelder!
Quite likely I'd say (domains) - I'm guessing one black hole runs a domain a bit like a processor runs a PC. Such a processor couldn't run an infinite large domain, so many domains is a neat solution.
Since most natural black holes rotate very rapidly, would these hypothetical primordial ones also spin like crazy? And if so, would that cause their effective cross-section to be much larger than the event horizon, due to the extended frame-dragging effect around it? Would that have implications for their detectability, and/or constraints upon their abundance?
Nanometer-size black holes that we haven't noticed yet ... my mind immediately pops up "Tunguska Event"
What a fantasy world astrophysics and cosmology have become !
So these domains that look like cells is cool because i was thinking of this like a month ago after watching math videos. It’s like the suns cells and when the differences expands out past the relative it’s like the multiverse theory was founded off the domain idea but only because it wasn’t understood. The walls are relative so similar to humans displacing air while walking but not limited. Think of an opposite being able to reveal it because like a light background reveals a darkness and vice versa. The bubbling of the cells expands size but also the differences. I honestly believe the domain idea but it needs more research. Also Terrance Howard has been making some waves with his book. I think he may be on to something with the flower of life. If the same knowledge was found with Euclidean geometry then the lines would be straight and mess up a lot of calculations because it’s straight from point to point but what Terrance is talking about is the areas opposite to what we see. So the sacred geometry reveals the displacement using the circles. It’s wild but makes sense and may fit with the domains. Once you really listen then you can understand, maybe defamiliarize and listen so no thoughts get in the way but i like to take notes. It honestly made me think he was crazy at first but as i listened i saw what he was talking about and it’s like a guy discovering electricity, it’s hard to explain and reveal but through the differences it shares with him and through him to us we can listen and understand easier and if it’s wrong then it’s still valuable data.
I still contend that our measurements that led to the conclusion of dark matter and dark energy are both really negative mass matter, assuming you account for scientists erroneous mistake they usually make when considering negative mass matter.
For a German, saying that "this is not worse than the alternative" is such a high praise.
Just like when they say "not bad" when they taste your food.
German here. "Not bad" is really a praise! It's saying "hey, this is surprisingly good!" I suppose we're not known for being very tactful.
Very good theory, and it sounds promising, very good chances that might be right
a nanometer scale black hole start to be pretty 'hot, in the 20,000 Kelvin range. would be weird that no-one noticed
Did we at one point cross from a domain with nonzero magic field into one with zero magic field, explaining all the old stories as well as current absence of magic?
I've been betting that space-time has topology over dark energy/matter for a while now. I'll be keeping a close eye on this. I also think that GRs time dilation and contraction are hints.
Dr. Sabine can you review Terrence Howards Theory?
We're heading to the Pringles Domain? Sounds like an awesome vacation spot, but might get tiresome after, oh, a millenium or so...😁
The universe might not be "Steady-State", but it's gonna go on waaay past our lifetimes before we figure out some of these complications. Complications you can drive 50 tractor-trailer rigs through sideways.
I thought that dark matter clusters around galaxies, and that explains the rotational anomalies that are observed. But if teeny black holes come from domain collapse then they would have to migrate to the galaxies somehow? 🤔
The nm-scale black holes must be large enough such that they could not have dissipated since the domain wall breakdown. Given a lot of time has passed, shouldn't there be a considerable difference in apparent mass between regions that are quite close and those that are very far? I don't recall any of your dark matter videos mentioning that dark matter is more concentrated at large distances from us.
The problem with having a lot of micro-black-holes around is that some of them would get into planets and stars -- especially white dwarf and neutron stars -- and cause measurable effects, like a neutron star collapsing into a stellar mass black hole for no apparent reason.
A potentially interesting answer for the question of "Why these physics, but not others?"
Dr. Sabine, the first chapter of your new book is about the Block Universe
if the past still exists, your 18 yr old and 5 yr old selves still exist
if the future already exists, your 60 yr old self already exists,
then Which one is the real you?
You percept just one I guess, but isn´t it hopeful, that your whole personality could include all these moments in spacetime from birth to death? I love the book, belongs to the best stuff I ever read.
"Pringles?" Now I'm hungry. Might now walk to the store and gets some, but have to check my pocket change.
Collapsing walls? Nice to know my house has something in common with the Universe.
As truth goes, it is rarely if ever 'pleasant'. The truth of the universe likely will be no different. Chances are reality, is just not going to be conveniently 'pleasant' for us. Theory of everything? Is there a reason there has to be one? Explanation of our origins? It likely will refuse to be convenient. This episode Sabine, is actually a very interesting discussion.
The known, fundamental phenomenon of dilation (sometimes called gamma or y) explains galaxy rotation curves/dark matter. Mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. It's the phenomenon behind the phrase "mass becomes infinite at the speed of light". Time dilation is just one aspect of dilation, it's not just time that gets dilated. A graph illustrates its squared nature, dilation increases at an exponential rate the closer you get to the speed of light.
Dilation will occur wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass such the centers of very high mass stars and the overwhelming majority of galaxy centers.
The mass at the center of our own galaxy must be dilated. This means that there is no valid XYZ coordinate we can attribute to it, you can't point your finger at something that is smeared through spacetime. More precisely, everywhere you point is equally valid. In other words that mass is all around us.
Dilation does not occur in galaxies with low mass centers because they do not have enough mass to achieve relativistic velocities. It has recently been confirmed in 6 very low mass galaxies including NGC 1052-DF2 and DF4 to have no dark matter, in other words they have normal rotation rates. This also explains why all planets and all binary stars have normal rotation rates, not 3 times normal
Since dark matter has greater mass than the visible matter, wouldn't the number of asteroid-mass black holes be so huge that you'd find at least one at the center of every star? Maybe even inside giant planets?
The universe has to be balanced, so you can see the "adjustments" as that. Wouldn't it be nice if you could also explain it that way?