Janissaries ( یڭیچری, ) - Legendary War Units

Janissaries (in Turkish "Yeni" means "new" and "Çeri" means "soldier"), standing Ottoman Turkish army, were organized either by the sultan Orhan Gazi or Murat I. Ottoman armies had previously been composed of Turcoman tribal levies, who were loyal to their clan leaders, but as the Ottoman Empire acquired the characteristics of a State, it became necessary to have paid troops loyal only to the sultan. Therefore, the system of impressing Christian kids taken during invasions of countries (known as "devşirme") was instituted and having been converted to Islam and given the finest training, they became the elite forces of the army and the most disciplined and dedicated fighting machine the world had seen up until that time.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

One specific aspect of the Ottoman army that developed in the era of imperial expansion, and that came to be seen as a source of structural weakness in the decline narrative, was the incorporation of mamluks. The practice of taking boys or young men as military slaves, or mamluks, was a widespread strategy for building armed forces in the region before Ottoman expansion, and it became a central component of the Empire's military structures in both Istanbul and the outer provinces. James Waterson (2007) provides an overview of Ottoman Mamluk policy beginning in the late fourteenth century with the recruitment of Christian boys taken prisoner during wars of expansion in the Caucuses. Some were directed into the Janissaries, an elite and highly unified force. Their training involved conversion to Islam and learning Turkish-thus contributing to the establishment of an Islamic and Turkish-speaking core of Ottoman culture and they were provided with generous salaries and pensions. The result was a new class of elite subjects culled from a Christian minority and devoted to the Ottoman sultan. As time went on, the Janissaries gained political power, which they used to oppose military reforms that might threaten their position: they remained a dominant force in the military until Sultan Mahmud II managed to put down a Janissary uprising (with enormous amounts of bloodshed) and abolish the corps in 1826.

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