The End of the First Elizabethan Era
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- Опубликовано: 15 сен 2022
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Many thanks to everyone who took the time to respond to the poll on my community tab. All the topic options will be uploaded as videos in the next few weeks but today we're exploring 1603 and the end of the first Elizabethan age...
I hope you enjoy this video and find it interesting!
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Intro / Outro song: Silent Partner, "Greenery" [ • Greenery - Silent Part... ]
SFX from freesfx.co.uk/Default.aspx
Images (from Wikimedia Commons, unless otherwise stated):
Elizabeth I when a Princess by William Scrots (1546 - 1547). Held by the Royal Collection.
The Procession Portrait of Queen Elizabeth by an unknown Anglo-Netherlandish artist (c.1600-03). Held by Sherborne Castle, Dorset.
Portrait of Anne Boleyn by an unknown artist (c.1550). Held by Hever Castle.
Portrait of Henry VIII by Hans Holbein the Younger (1540). Held by the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica.
Portrait of Katherine Parr attributed to Master John (c.1545). Held by the National Portrait Gallery.
Portrait of Edward VI from the circle of William Scrots (c.1550). Held in an unknown location/collection.
Portrait of Mary I of England by Hans Eworth (c.1555=8). Held by the Dickinson Gallery.
Portrait of Mary, Queen of Scots and her son James VI by Cornelis Peter Urban (1583). Held by Blair Castle.
Portrait of Robert Dudley, the First Earl of Leicester by Steven van der Meulen (c.1564). Held by Waddesdon Manor.
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex after Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger (early 17th century, based on a work of circa 1596). Held by the National Portrait Gallery.
William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley by an unknown artist (after 1587). Held by the National Portrait Gallery.
Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury by an unknown artist, after John De Critz the Elder (1602). Held by the National Portrait Gallery.
Screenshot from Google Maps.
Portrait of James I of England and VI of Scots by Paul van Somer I (c.1620). Held by the Royal Collection.
Detail from the funeral procession of Queen Elizabeth I to Westminster Abbey, 28th April 1603, attributed to William Camden (1557-1603). Held by the British Library, Add MS 35324.
Detail from the funeral procession of Queen Elizabeth I to Westminster Abbey, 28th April 1603 by James Basire, after William Camden (1791). Held by the Royal Collection.
Photograph of the remade effigy of Elizabeth I in Westminster Abbey (www.westminster-abbey.org/abb...)
Photograph of a pair of bodies or stays from the original funeral effigy of Elizabeth I by an unknown photographer in the public domain.
Tomb of Queen Elizabeth I, photographed by VCR Giulio19 (2021).
Grave of Queen Elizabeth I of England, as released by image creator Ristesson History, photographed by Jacob Truedson Demitz for Ristesson History (2013).
Screenshot of the National Archives Currency Converter
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/c...
A photograph of a copy of the effigy of Mary, Queen of Scots on her tomb in Westminster Abbey. National Museum of Scotland. Photographed by Kim Traynor (2011).
Quoted texts:
Patrick Collinson, ODNB entry on Elizabeth I.
The “Golden Speech” from quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A84...
Sir John Harrington’s Letter as reproduced in “Lives and Letters of the Devereux, Earls of Essex: In the Reigns of Elizabeth, James I and Charles I, Volume 2 by Walter Bourchier Devereux.
Also consulted, were:
Other relevant entries from The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online.
#History #ElizabethI #Tudor
The number of children in the court really surprised me! A video on the role of children in court/tudor life might be interesting!
Yes I wonder was it recorded much about what the kids did during the time.
I have a story that may or may not be interesting. I was pregnant with my one and only child when I was in England in 2007. I was insistent that I was having a boy, I am not sure why… but all the same, that is where my head was.
We were at Westminster Abbey and I was the only person in my group who wanted to go. I was not going to miss this chance to see a place with such a significant history. So I went in. As I took in all the amazing artifacts and scenery, I came to The tomb of Queen Elizabeth I. I have always been a big fan of her. Read dozen biographies, watched all the movies. It was at this time, looking at her effigy, that I had the epiphany I was having a girl. I gave my daughter the middle name Elizabeth hoping she would be strong and independent, like her eponym.
Elizabeth's Procession is larger than some towns i've driven through
I always love your videos. You don't slander or abuse or confuse fact from fiction or even gossip. You do these videos with such love and passion, you are a credit to your profession on and off the internet. As a historian, and a RUclipsr. Thank you as always Dr. Kat
Happy birthday to me - Dr. Kat’s on to help me celebrate 🎉❤
Happy birthday 🎉
Happy Birthday! 🎉
Happy birthday!
I'm an American, born and raised in the deep south, yet I am just one of dozens of women in my family who carry the name Elizabeth as either a first or middle name. Such was Elizabeth II's influence on the world, that even here in the US, her name is the most common girls name for generations. I'm so proud to have it, what a lady and what a loss. Great video Kat.
And my southern grandmother's also 🥰
I’m proud to carry the name Elisabetta (the Italian version), my parents admired her very much
Who cares then as now the common people were regarded as so much dross to be used or disregarded plus ca change plus le meme chose
Mary Elizabeth with a very English surname (American as well). How about that :)
It's a biblical name, not a Tudor name, I thought as a Deep South American you would know this. She was a cousin of Mary, the mother of Jesus. She was also the mother of St John the Baptist so although it's the name of 2 English queen's, it's been around thousands of years before that. It's a beautiful name, it's strong in my Irish family too and we know it's not an English name 😊
I think Elizabeth’s request to forego evisceration and embalming was influenced more by pride. She was aware she was a shell and shadow of her former self and couldn’t stand knowing others were aware too.
Good point.
I think her desire to remain whole was simple, human and understandable. From the time she was small to the last moments of her life she was constantly scrutinized. She had to prize privacy as a rare and precious thing. Preserving her body’s privacy would be a last kindness and a last perogative.
@@Chrisiant , absolutely that, too.
And it’s nonsense to turn it into some sort of suggestion that Elizabeth was some sort of hermaphrodite. She must have menstruated throughout her childbearing years, otherwise this would have been known throughout Europe.
"Pathological dislike of change" I just stole that entire expression. 😊
Thank You, Dr Kat! My condolences from America. We are sad to lose Her Majesty, too. She was a wonderful lady. And so are you. ❤️
I was uniquely privileged to spend three years in England. One year spent attending school at the Bishop’s Palace in Ely. I was always aware of the monarchy and hoped to get a glimpse of her but it wasn’t to be. I watched her Christmas speech of 1957 and I thought and think still that she was the most gracious, dignified and dedicated example of British royalty ever. May God bless Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth. And may God bless and protect the UK whose people showed me and my family such kindness and friendship.
😪💔👸🇺🇸🇬🇧🏴🏴🇨🇮
Thank you for another great video. Since you’ve brought her up, I don’t recall ever seeing Catherine Carey ever portrayed in any mini series or film concerning Elizabeth which is a shame given how long they’d been in each other’s lives. The women in Elizabeth’s court always seem to be forgotten about in this type of media.
I agree.
The standing vigil was really touching. To see the future kings standing vigil over their matriarch was somehow so plaintive. God bless them & give them discernment in their decisions on behalf of their people.
Her Majesty has been with me my entire life. I always said when she passed I would feel like I had lost a cherished grandmother. I was totally shocked when I found out the news. I am extremely angry at the people who are taking the opportunity to complain, insult, blame and badmouth her before she is even in the grave. They completely forget all the good that she did. They completely forget that she has been a figurehead. The laws that were passed, the events etc were the actions of the government of the day NOT Her Majesty. So they should go and complain to the politicians that were responsible not try to lay all the blame on the late Queen.
Dearest, Indispensable Dr. Kat:
The scrupulous attention to Historical Detail which is the hallmark of every posting you have made available to us is evident here: a delight for all of us who follow you here. Your hard work and meticulous attention to detail is deeply admired and appreciated.
I personally commend and thank you for this elegant and heartfelt Tribute to that First Elizabeth Regina..Gloriana..Her Royal Majesty Queen Elizabeth I.
Thank you so much 😊
@@ReadingthePast The Honor is Mine, Dr. Kat. I am so excited to hear from my FEMALE RUclips Heroine!
@@ReadingthePast What a lovely title you've been given - dearest and indispensable!
I'm so glad you made this video.
I was thinking at the end of Queen Elizabeth II's funeral today, how it was the end of the second Elizabethan age.... and was wondering how people felt after the death of Queen Elizabeth I, and how everything played out in that age, and what similarities and what differences there were.
Hi Kat. The passing of Elizabeth II was a surprise, in some ways, but otherwise expected. Her decline was evident in her increasing fragility, her more stooped apppearance weight loss, since Prince Philips death. Also, her increasingly missing of events she previously had felt were important to be at; opening of Parliment, several events of her jubilee, Ascot, etc. I think my impression was how quickly she began to look so thin and frail.
At the age of 96 and her bout of Covid-19, along with losing Philip, her decline just kind of sped up.
Even though Im American I love English history and pretty much all things 'Royal'.
Thank you for taking my along on your history talks!
Now I am really looking forward to the service this evening (Australian time). There is a great deal of tension in me about all this - I'm a history geek at heart but also a republican who has a great deal of respect for our indigenous community who have suffered greatly from English imperialism. From this angle I see a lot of the modern pageantry as quite cringy for the most part - it doesn't have a lot to do with us and I see a lot of 'stolenwealth' on display which breaks my heart a bit. In our media the last week or so there have been lots of discussions along the lines of 'oh yes it's a bit weird but it is protocol' which drives me nuts. Why is it? What's happening? The history geek wants the detail! Being able to watch this video before the service has helped me clarify my feelings a bit - that it is ok to sit with my tension and observe this moment in history as interesting and important. That even amongst all my discomfort I can see it is an opportunity to engage with the whole story - the history, the celebrity, the wealth and the damage done. For a little while at least half the planet will be staring at little screens watching it all go by. The next time this happens the world will be a very different place.
Canadian here; you speak for my heart here, too. Thank you for articulating this.
I am German and have closely worked with Indian students for many years. I once made a comment to one about that the only good thing England gave to India is English as an official language to bridge the diversity of the hundreds of local ones. His answer was, that they could have learned English equally well without being oppressed by colonization. It taught me to be way more considerate and reflective before making such general comments. Elisabeth I, Viktoria and Elisabeth ll are all impressive women who have shaped or represented history in their respective times and in different political contexts. The first had to try to maintain unity, the second build an empire and the third lived through times of dissolution of the commonwealth and separation from Europe. Very interesting and challening times, none of them boring. And yes, I do think we are still too close, to judge for example the impact of the Queens death and the Brexit.
@@susanneprei5818 i think Elizabeth II also kept together their commonwealth. i think the issues and tensions will Charles will create problems with countries like canada
@@chelseagruenwald Perhaps the Commonwealth has outgrown its imperial origins? As an Australian, I don't think that becoming a Republic necessitates leaving the Commonwealth, the majority of whose members are republics.
As an American w have a similar history to a point of course. As we are not a part of the common wealth we feel a kinship to those in it. We are happy for you at time’s appropriate and mourn for you as well. Our independence has freed us from the mixed feelings of your countrymen and women and given us the gift of mourning without the heaviness of mixed emotions. Mourn the woman not the the institution. She had shown a great deal of evolution in her life which must be commended
Sending my condolences. Like you, I’m much more affected than I thought I would be, and I’m in America. Queen Elizabeth II was such an amazing woman. I’m so glad you are doing this topic because I love Elizabeth I’s history too. I was wondering how the ceremonies compare. We are more certain of the succession than Elizabeth I’s mourners were. It’s historic, isn’t it, to see so many future monarchs at the funeral.
Wow I never thought of the amount of losses Elizabeth endured And how they would effect and shape her.
This is why I absolutely love love love this channel not only does it provide reliable sources of information but makes me view topics with a different outlook ….
You and this channel are above and beyond amazing ❤
All the stepmothers she lost; I know she was much closer to some than to others, but who can blame her for avoiding marriage?!! She grew up with so much uncertainty and jeopardy around her.
@@barbarak2836 that in itself sets a precedent as to how replaceable and easy a “wife” could be overthrown and dismissed if not executed by men on flimsy made up charges which as a young girl would have been terrifying. I can’t imagine the trauma it caused her in effect losing 5 mothers (figures) within a 13yr period no wonder she had abandonment issues and kept her circle tight and closed.
Thank you, Dr. Kat. A very enjoyable and timely episode. I have always found that finding a similar historical event aides my understanding of current happenings. It helps provide the 'why we do...' To what we do.
Kat G
Hello Dr. Kat... You mentioned that how long has it been since a royal funeral had taken place in modern times in England.. That would be twenty-two years ago when The Queen Mother passed away in 2002 shortly after the death of her youngest daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon... and of course the loss of Diana, Princess of Wales in 1997. (She however while still part of the royal household wasn't given what could be called a full on royal funeral, hers was more of a state funeral.)
I really enjoyed this video.. I am a fan from Canada and consider myself to be a monarchist. I am very loyal to the British Royal Family as the late Queen Elizabeth II and now King Charles III were/are the head of state here. For 44 years I was blessed to be part of the second Elizabethan age and to have Her Majesty as someone to look up and be proud of... It was days before I was able to make the transition from saying "Long live the Queen" to "Long live the King".. Still, I have made the adjustment and can say with a firm and resolute heart and mind.
"The Queen is dead... Long live the King!"
Thank you so much for this video. I've been thinking a lot about the two Elizabethan eras, and some of the unusual similarities -- such as, how both became queen at age 25, and the first Elizabeth also could have married a guy named Philip. It's also interesting that Queen Elizabeth II died on Sept. 8, the day after Queen Elizabeth I's birthday. Just a lot of historical facts running around in my mind. I appreciate your perspective on all of this very much. I hope we'll be able to see the new state documents sooner rather than later.
Also, as a matter of interest, Elizabeth I 's tree under which she first received the word that she had become Queen, died only a few decades ago, and Elizabeth II had another one of the same kind planted in its place. Elizabeth I died aged 69 and Elizabeth II died aged 96.
Elizabeth I was also born Sept. 7th, and Elizabeth II died on Sept. 8th like you mentioned. It’s crazy how similar their lives were.
There were so many people in the funeral procession, including the 'poor people,' I wonder how many were in the crowd watching it from the sidelines. I am saving your video as a really great historical reference on Queen Elizabeth I. Thank you so much.
Yep, she was amazing. Child prodigy, tremendous energy…smart. She kept her head.There was something about her more than her brother, sister, charisma, glamour, ..whatever it was it was the full picture. She reigned long, had a “golden” age. A remarkable woman. I wish she had had a heir but just as well..probably would not have been as great.
How do you think the two Queens Elizabeth would react to the other if together at the same time? Publicly and maybe more importantly privately. Think they would divulge to the other? I kind of think Elizabeth I would be slightly crasser than II, and II’s purse would be already on her other arm…
I love this channel. Thank you Dr. Kat!
Elizabeth II did say she didn’t like the first Elizabeth and didn’t consider them alike in any way when people were talking of the second Elizabethan Age. But she was always very polite so would not say anything to her directly. Even with Trump she just wore some brooches, one given by Obama and one that was said to ward off against evil beings. Maybe she would find brooch with Scotland’s symbols on it if she met the first Elizabeth lol.
Thank you so much, especially for the introduction concerning the unease present in current days. I go frequently to history to try to help me understand the present by referring to what it is built upon, and your channel is a definite favourite. (I'm also a person greatly fascinated by Elizabeth and all who lived and worked during her period and have a truly ridiculous amount of books on this.) Your work is much appreciated.
Fascinating stuff as always thanks! One possible video request, it would be nice (before Charles' coronation) to have a history or coronations and some explanations into the history of the rites and the items involved.
Such an amazing video!! The drawing of the funeral procession was so cool! I think a mini series of the different titles, roles/duties, and basic daily life of the people mentioned in the procession/court would be interesting :)
Thank you, as ever. Can you supply info on who made / embroidered procession banners? Who created the info to be included, was this ongoing work, was it solely the art of women...just anything to bring recognition to those skillful, unsung artists.
This is a really interesting question that I will have to look into. Today they are made by specialists in heraldry, and I think these companies frequently make parts (if not all) of military and official state uniforms. I will see if I can discover the Elizabethan version of this, thank you!
Hi Dr Kat - well done. Each individual named in QE1’s procession had a few very discrete functions to make the life of the palace and queen’s government workable, and with no way to photograph or relay messages except by pen or horse, it is amazing to me that the pace of her reign was as lively as it was. Given the advances in technology and travel since then, they have only upped the frenetic pace of society in general and surely the reign of QE2. I can only wish Charles III the best as he follows in the 420+ engagements his mother routinely attended annually.
As to protocols being shortened in the present day, I think the flavor of a royal’s passing and the installment of an heir remain true to their roots which began pre-QE2 but remain visible.
Ty Father for mentioning chemical imbalance problems and mental illnesses. I have bipolar disorder and I can tell you that it affects every part of a person's life, physical, spiritual and mental - emotional. Especially with prayer I had difficulty because back then I didn't know that what I thought were distractions I'm prayer weren't that at all. It's just what someone's mind does when there's a mental illness. The best thing to do is to not treat them as distractions. Ignore them and put your mind on something else. Also, the Rosary and the St Michael prayer help more than anything to calm the mind and heart. For myself and others with any type of mental illness I don't recommend trying to learn contemplative prayer because of the sheer frustration of the whole thing. It will only make the problem worse. My mind goes in circles 24/7. How do I live with it. Medication, good meds help a lot. Finding things to distract from that helps. I wish the Church was more understanding about this. A priest will only treat this as a spiritual problem.
Deepest sympathies from The United States. HM Queen Elizabeth II was an extraordinary woman. We will not see her like again.
This was very interesting. I'm so glad you gave us the opportunity to explore this period in history. It's fascinating.
She was the world's Queen. If anybody said the Queen, you automatically knew the were talking about Queen Elizabeth 2
Great video, thanks
This was such great info, thank you 😊
thank you very much for your interesting videos
fantastic new video!!
Very interesting, thank you!
Well done, Dr Kat.
Thank you for this Dr Kat!
Another eloquent and well presented video. Thank you.
Thank you, Dr. Kat.
Thanks! That was really interesting to learn. I really enjoyed seeing the drawings of the procession. It is difficult to imagine all of those people. It must have taken for ever to get through the funeral, procession, and everything.
Thank you, for your insight.
Thank you for your message today.
Hi Dr Kat! Big fan of your videos, love watching them.
I’d love to know more about day to day life in Tudor England, for all classes. As well as how that may have changed with the end of the Tudor period and into the reign of James VI. How it would have effected things day to day.
Thank you, I will see what I can dig up in the library/archives ☺️
Well done, Dr. Kat!
Thank you!!
Thank you, once again!
Thank you Dr Kat! 💜🇬🇧!
I have been slightly binging on your deep dives into British history and monarchy....there are many life lessons to learn and patterns to recognize vicariously through observations of others in history.
and not everyone can hold people's attention like your delivery.
I just caught the near end, and now can't wait to watch the replay. Loved your presentation and detail.
Words of comfort. Thank you
You're as delightful as ever, and so informative
Love catching you live. Thank you so much for your dedication to the channel, Dr. Kat! We all love you!
Really loved this video. Thanks so much.
Thank you Dr. Kat for another great and informative videos video. 🇬🇧
Very informative. Thank you.
Excellent!
Thank you for your dedication! I love the content and always learn something. My favorite era is the Bronze Age, but love all the knowledge you share! You make all era’s interesting and it is wonderful! Much luck to all❤
Good job, Dr. Kat!
Hello.Thank you so very much for this informative.
Thank you Dr Kat I do enjoy your your lessons, and think Q E 2 was a very good Pearson at heart I bid you ado !
Thank you so much for doing this Kat. Respectful and dignified 💜🇬🇧
Another very interesting video from you Dr Kat, thank you.
Thank you for the excellent presentation. So true the current events will take many years to be appreciated.
Beautiful and informative presentation. It would be interesting to see the same for the current service.
Your wisdom about life is as wonderful as your outstanding historical knowledge. I thank you. ✌
In memory of Queen Elizabeth, as an American, I did have a very favorite moment to retell of Her Majesty's wit and clear messaging.
When our disgraced twice impeached soon to be indicted orange ex-president and Queen Elizabeth II had to meet in formalities, she did wear a lovely pin, which had been a gift from Michelle and then President Barack Obama.
In your Cheeto-dipped FACE! ❤️
BOOOOOOM!🧨
We missed you last week, but completely understand.
Dr Kat you really are such a Sweetheart! Thank you always for your wonderful content. Things will settle down again and then I guess it's a case of watching what plays out with great interest. Please take care of yourself. x
Thank you for this well-formed, enlightening video.! Two wonderful Elizabeth’s. Two incredible Queens.
I’m so sorry for your loss ❤
Thank you , Dr. Kat. Very enjoyable and informative. The heraldry, uniforms, badges and sashes on display then and now are intriguing. There is meaning behind everything, it's not all decoration.
Fascinating video as always. My condolences from the USA. We felt it here, I felt it. A bit of a pause, a little sadness, the end of an Era. God Bless the Queen in her next great adventure.
That was great!
You are wonderful, Dr. Kat. This is magnificent in-depth coverage of the end of the first Elizabethan era. Cheers to you. You’re a gem!
Thank you for this! I was thinking that the Proclamationing and the ceremony for this Queen Elizabeth was a bit opaque, I understand a lot more now. 🙂
Hello from the philippines. Love your videos.
Thank you for this. I am studying Humanities with the Open University and will be looking at the Reputation of Elizabeth I and will be doing an Assignment on this so have been helped watching this.
Absolutely brilliant video and so relevant to what we are experiencing today with our Queen Elizabeth thank you
Thank you for the video Dr Kat. We are witnessing history. This was a very appropriate video. My condolences from the USA.
Thanks Dr. Kat. Another great video. And condolences on the loss of Queen Elizabeth II from this American.
Thank you
Thanks for this -- amazing how huge the procession was! Since you offered - there are Gromes and Yeomen of the "Erory"? just above those of the Confectionarie. What sort of job was that? Most of the labels I could guess at, but not that one. There is also a Yeoman Purveyor of Achatrie - what on earth is that? It's just below the second purveyor of "poultrie".
I just love your podcast and appreciate the effort you put into it.
Fascinating that so many of the customs being carried out for our current Queen Elizabeth II's funeral, had their roots in the funeral of Queen Elizabeth I.
Happy belated Birthday i would hate posted it yesterday but as it was my birthday also i was busy
Thank you.
Hi, can you please make a video about Mary Queen o Scots? I really like your work! and I'm really appreciate your work
Thank you Kat, always thoughtful and intelligent. Interesting times and maybe do a back to back on the new Carolean era although the politics may seep in!
Thank you. Very helpful. My deepest sympathies to all peoples of GB,UK,Common Wealth & all those who loved the QUEEN. I am from US & I adopted her as my Head of State. She is the one who brought me peace & a belief in being OK throughout the happenings, the Chaos of our times. I felt all would be well whenever I saw or heard her.
Her COVID speech-so loving & hopeful. I too feel a fear of destabilization. Who will hold the center as did she? I think the King & his family will be excellent.😢
A wonderful explanation of the funeral procession drawing. Would James and his household been involved with the planning and/or taking some ceremonial part as I noticed one of the of banners above the effigy is the halved standard of England and Saltire of Scotland?
Born in the 50s, I've only ever known QEII so I still feel a bit de-stabilised, nearly a year later. I expect though, that my grandson will experience not only Charles III but William V and even, perhaps, George VII. What a span in UK history he could witness.
This may seem too simple to compliment you on however, I love listening to your voice.
Dr! What an amazing lesson. The description and sketch about the funeral procession was fascinating. As an American, many titles were foreign but the placement within the procession helped figure out some of them. Regarding the "of arms" men, am I right in guessing these are essentially military men of different units/areas with the more senior ranks behind their juniors? Thank you for this lesson, Dr K!
Not necessarily, the “arms” being referenced here are “achievements of arms”. The College of Arms approve the crests and such like.
What a line up!
How about a whole video on the "Lady Chapel?"
This is completely off topic, but your minimal makeup shows extremely well on camera, especially your eye shadow. Would you mind sharing what you use?
A wonderful and timely video. I did wonder about the sequence that included a Great Embroidered Banner, a Helmes Crest (is this a helmet or something to stick on top of the royal helmet?), a Target (a shield? bearing the emblem of the Garter), and a Sword. It seemed like a specific display of regalia, emblematic of power. I am pretty ignorant on such things but wondered whether these were at one time part of a royal treasure. Do you know more about them? Do they crop up in coronations of the time as well?
A device on top of the helm. Usually in heraldic colors
Sophie Scholl-a hero of mine.