you have to remember that this was not voice broadcasting, it was Morse code only & it was before they fully understood the idea of oscillators & tuning the transmitter to higher frequencies to utilize the ionosphere to maximize range. Essentially they were creating artificial lightning & connecting it to an antenna. Something like this would have made bursts of static noise only in the same way lightning is picked up across most of RF spectrum & since it was broadcast over all frequencies that was part of the problem, all of the stations were talking on top of each other. From what I've read, the Titanic's transmitter was turned off for a time which created a backlog of telegrams. Later they were trying to catch up that night & were busy relaying passenger messages to Newfoundland which caused them to miss the gravity of the California's message in the cross-talk. The Californian was a smaller ship which probably had a small antenna & range. The titanic was probably the only station to hear the warning & they ignored it, telling them to shut up.
I don't want to be that guy, but if i recall correctly from the communications between the two ships that night, the first time the californian sent the warning for ice, Titanic actually replied with "received". When the Californian repeated the warning, the Titanic then proceeded to say "Shut up. Jamming". So the marconi operator was aware of ice but probably didn't report it because he was busy catching up on all the passengers comms he failed to send earlier that day due to the machine breaking down.
Well to my understanding of how vintage radio transmitter works is, creation of stable oscillation only by spark that time. Nowadays we have tons of methods to generate such oscillation both precisely and accurately, crystal osc, LC osc, RC osc, and YIG, for instance. But I'm still curious on how exactly those old marconi machines work.
The Titanic had a resonant circuit inductivily coupled to the antenna. At that time, it was well understood how to tune a transmitter. They also had a magnetic detector that was way more sensitive than the earlier coherers. They even had a prototype tube detector which hasn´t been used - due to the accident. What they haven´t figured out yet was a continuous wave generation, due to the lack of amplifiers. Tube technology came a bit later - so the wave was rich on harmonics.
@@paulkocyla1343 Thank you, Paul. How does that inductively coupled resonant circuitry work? To my knowledge, modern technique to detect RF signal is done by diode(AM or SSB) and FM detector, what is magnetic detector？ If it was not capable of continuous generation, if I press and hold the morse key, will the transmission be an faded and over damped oscillation?
The unit shown is similar to those used by amateurs and commercial short range communications of the day. It is is a low power version 1, if you will. Titanic’s was many generations of improvements. Think of the difference between an early smart phone and several generations later. It is good as a demo but not the main Titanic transmitter. Titanic main transmitter used a synchronous rotary disk spark gap using kilovolts of power plus an early form of capacitor bank and antenna tuning coil all housed in a “silent room” for obvious noise reasons. The antenna array was also a new approach. State of the art at the time. The effect was less splatter, meaning more energy on the center frequency resulting in greater range. Transmissions easier to understand by the receiving operators. Food for thought.
Remember peeps. There were no beeps at this time. You're transmitting a spark. Basically it was just an interruption of background static. Like you're listening to dead air on a radio station and someone is interrupting that
(cir 1885) Spark-gap generated "Hertzian" waves were mostly a laboratory curiosity before Marconi, and did not have much practical use, but not for long!
it said the night of the disaster is when the wireless transmitter broke on the Titanic and the two operators fixed it and besides messages after they struck an iceberg they sent a distress signal as the Californian was nearby but it was the Cunard line Carpathia that rescued titanic's survivors.
Nice demonstration of an induction coil and a spark gap, (I love your induction coil) but this is no spark gap transmitter. To transmit damped waves in the RF spectrum, you need a tuned tank circuit composed of a high voltage condenser and a coil. As the voltage across the condenser builds up, eventually it exceeds the ability of the spark gap to insulate the tank circuit. The spark completes the circuit between the condenser and coil allowing it to resonate and produce RF waves. The RF waves quickly decay to produce rather dirty triangle waves (damped waves) that can be heard by a distant receiver as a musical note.
This is the basic type of transmitter constructed by Hertz. The tuned circuit is: balls behave like the capacitor, the secondary of the rumkorf coil is the inductor, and the dipole antenna is the long rods.
Yes, the captain and crew of the SS California have been so vilified in the past by the British press over this issue of not receiving distress calls from the Titanic. Ever see that movie: A Night to Remember?
flexairz No, that switch is on the Induction Coil platform. I'm talking about that elongated keylever right beside the telegraph-key itself, attached to the side of its base.
This radio is incomplete you're missing the large inductor that would've went with it the inductor is what actually causes a specific frequency to happen
Very interesting to watch showing how old school wireless technology worked in the early 20th century esp highlighting Titanic's case with the wireless
THe PRI-MARY COIL of the step-UP trans-former opertes basically as a BUZZER making an AUTO-matic OFF and ON switch at AUDIO FREQUENCY like a DOOR-bell mecha-nism and generating an PULSATING current to > step-UP TRANS-former where a SPARK-GAP is connected and to > the ANTENNA DI-pole .
1:00 Thank you for clearing that bit of history. In the black & white film: A Night To Remember, they had the Californian as negligient, typical British propaganda! Checkout the video of my steampunkish low power Micro-Tesla Coil that I just just uploaded to YT the other day. All cardboard, buzzer and wires - - nothing electronic about it. The Tesla coil I made made a long time ago from scrap material, as the rest is salvaged material. The capacitor is 1000pf, and the plasme display in a neon flame-flicker bulb
The Californian, even if she was aware of the tragedy, would have been powerless to do anything in time. She was shut down in the ice with most of her boiler fires banked. It takes many hours to get up to a level of steam again sufficient to drive the engines. She could not have moved before daylight.
As far as I know, this was an early wireless telegraph where the signals weren't filtered to transmit at one frequency. They were noisy across a broad range of frequencies, which is why only the loudest can be received well in the area, and why they were eventually banned later on.
Do people still buy these or reproduce them? If so do they still work? And what would something like this cost? Thanks if anyone knows these answers! 💜
I built a simple spark gap transmitter as a demonstration for my class. Running off a 1.5V battery it was able to produce radio waves (static) on an AM radio. Took a few hours but once I had the design right I could make another in 20 minutes.
+Canada Science and Technology Museum I disagree. The Spark Gap Radio Transmitters of the era were designed primarily to transmit at low radio frequencies < 300 KHz. These frequencies could be picked up at great distances, especially over the ocean water. This was vital at a time(1912) when there was no effective means of amplifying these signals. These higher frequencies(>545KHz) would be justified for transmitting voice modulated communication which these crude devices could not do.
This particular apparatus? I would say around 300 KHz. But the crude sparking can create harmonics and parasitic oscillations of much higher frequencies, but at only a small fraction of the power. The 5th harmonic has virtually no energy at all.
+Jeffrey314159 i totally agree and that was the reason i asked.. But it is also true that broadband frequencies and modern spectrum analyzers have shown 1 ghz spectrum.... But very very low in power... Receiver technology has gone up u see
These so called Preppers should understand is that if the worse ever happens, knowing Morse Code is likely the best way to communicate. My thinking is a spark gap will/would be better than an HT/FRS/GMRS radio.
O wow I didn't know that they were charging for those messages in the titanic deleted wireless scene. I hope that little racket was shut down after titanic told them to be quiet and went down as a result.
We should note an interesting fact. Wireless installations operated as concessions on board ship. They charged for all messages, even business messages for the shipping line. These official messages were credited, or debited, from the account the wireless company owed the line effectively for rent of shipboard space. Operators were not ship's crew but wireless company employees. They were not under command of the captain or the steamship line.
This is what is called a Ruhmkorff coil some call it the trembler coil it is extremely crude and basically splattered the low frequency RF band with man made lightning and was virtually untunable. Marconi was playing with this around 1895 but Nikola Tesla had already demonstrated wireless transmission and reception and the art of tuning a circuit in 1893 in a public demonstration in St. Louis MO before 5000 witnesses. Nothing that Marconi developed later was anything more than copying Tesla's work and the works of other engineers and scientists in the field. In 1943 the US Supreme Court struck down Marconi's patents declaring them basic infringements on Tesla's and other radio pioneers work. It is time that history accords the true innovators the credit they richly deserve and not the actions of a thief.
Not a single word about spectrum control and about the maximisation of radiated power by means of an impedance-match of the antenna to the RF source... How moronic!
Perhaps so, but there are many among the new generation who are clueless as to how something like this worked. They imagine the Titanic with true radio and voice broadcast or musical Morse tones coming from speakers. From time to time we must wipe the dust and mold off and renew the knowledge.
you have to remember that this was not voice broadcasting, it was Morse code only & it was before they fully understood the idea of oscillators & tuning the transmitter to higher frequencies to utilize the ionosphere to maximize range. Essentially they were creating artificial lightning & connecting it to an antenna. Something like this would have made bursts of static noise only in the same way lightning is picked up across most of RF spectrum & since it was broadcast over all frequencies that was part of the problem, all of the stations were talking on top of each other. From what I've read, the Titanic's transmitter was turned off for a time which created a backlog of telegrams. Later they were trying to catch up that night & were busy relaying passenger messages to Newfoundland which caused them to miss the gravity of the California's message in the cross-talk. The Californian was a smaller ship which probably had a small antenna & range. The titanic was probably the only station to hear the warning & they ignored it, telling them to shut up.
@Harlem Barrett gtfo scammer trash
I don't want to be that guy, but if i recall correctly from the communications between the two ships that night, the first time the californian sent the warning for ice, Titanic actually replied with "received". When the Californian repeated the warning, the Titanic then proceeded to say "Shut up. Jamming". So the marconi operator was aware of ice but probably didn't report it because he was busy catching up on all the passengers comms he failed to send earlier that day due to the machine breaking down.
Well to my understanding of how vintage radio transmitter works is, creation of stable oscillation only by spark that time. Nowadays we have tons of methods to generate such oscillation both precisely and accurately, crystal osc, LC osc, RC osc, and YIG, for instance.
But I'm still curious on how exactly those old marconi machines work.
The Titanic had a resonant circuit inductivily coupled to the antenna. At that time, it was well understood how to tune a transmitter.
They also had a magnetic detector that was way more sensitive than the earlier coherers. They even had a prototype tube detector which hasn´t been used - due to the accident. What they haven´t figured out yet was a continuous wave generation, due to the lack of amplifiers. Tube technology came a bit later - so the wave was rich on harmonics.
@@paulkocyla1343 Thank you, Paul.
How does that inductively coupled resonant circuitry work?
To my knowledge, modern technique to detect RF signal is done by diode(AM or SSB) and FM detector, what is magnetic detector？
If it was not capable of continuous generation, if I press and hold the morse key, will the transmission be an faded and over damped oscillation?
Thank for all your hard work in helping keep the history of Amateur Radio "ALIVE"!
73,
AL KA4ANA
The unit shown is similar to those used by amateurs and commercial short range communications of the day. It is is a low power version 1, if you will. Titanic’s was many generations of improvements. Think of the difference between an early smart phone and several generations later. It is good as a demo but not the main Titanic transmitter. Titanic main transmitter used a synchronous rotary disk spark gap using kilovolts of power plus an early form of capacitor bank and antenna tuning coil all housed in a “silent room” for obvious noise reasons. The antenna array was also a new approach. State of the art at the time. The effect was less splatter, meaning more energy on the center frequency resulting in greater range. Transmissions easier to understand by the receiving operators. Food for thought.
Remember peeps. There were no beeps at this time. You're transmitting a spark. Basically it was just an interruption of background static. Like you're listening to dead air on a radio station and someone is interrupting that
lmao "California: watch out for the ice" Titanic: QRT QRT LID! *dies*
Jack Phillips: part time wireless operator, full time madman
this makes me a proud canadian! hopefully this channel checks out my Real Science series of inventors, and i make yall proud Canadian's too
Eric Larson's Thunderstruck made me check this out.
It's like a giant Model T Ford ignition coil.
(cir 1885) Spark-gap generated "Hertzian" waves were mostly a laboratory curiosity before Marconi, and did not have much practical use, but not for long!
it said the night of the disaster is when the wireless transmitter broke on the Titanic and the two operators fixed it and besides messages after they struck an iceberg they sent a distress signal as the Californian was nearby but it was the Cunard line Carpathia that rescued titanic's survivors.
I think every ham should employ one on 11 meters 24/7
Why? At that point we'd be no better than the worst of them.
Marconi installations of the Titanic era were point-to-pont communications devices. They were not used for broadcasting except in emergencies.
Nice demonstration of an induction coil and a spark gap, (I love your induction coil) but this is no spark gap transmitter. To transmit damped waves in the RF spectrum, you need a tuned tank circuit composed of a high voltage condenser and a coil. As the voltage across the condenser builds up, eventually it exceeds the ability of the spark gap to insulate the tank circuit. The spark completes the circuit between the condenser and coil allowing it to resonate and produce RF waves. The RF waves quickly decay to produce rather dirty triangle waves (damped waves) that can be heard by a distant receiver as a musical note.
This is the basic type of transmitter constructed by Hertz. The tuned circuit is: balls behave like the capacitor, the secondary of the rumkorf coil is the inductor, and the dipole antenna is the long rods.
Yes, the captain and crew of the SS California have been so vilified in the past by the British press over this issue of not receiving distress calls from the Titanic. Ever see that movie: A Night to Remember?
0:13 what is the lever on the left side of the telegraph key platform for? A spare key?
+Jeffrey314159 I'll speak with one of our curators and let you know
Looks like a master on off switch.
flexairz No, that switch is on the Induction Coil platform. I'm talking about that elongated keylever right beside the telegraph-key itself, attached to the side of its base.
Jeffrey314159 That's a shorting bar, for testing the keys continuity or the transmitter itself. So you have your hands free not holding the key down.
Beautiful machine. CQD
This radio is incomplete you're missing the large inductor that would've went with it the inductor is what actually causes a specific frequency to happen
Very cool
Where do you get that
Fascinating European invention the whole world is heavily indebted to, among countless others.
What did it sound like on the receiving end?
Similar to what is heard in the video clip
Tanq somuch 🎉🎉🎉
Very interesting to watch showing how old school wireless technology worked in the early 20th century esp highlighting Titanic's case with the wireless
THe PRI-MARY COIL of the step-UP trans-former opertes basically as a BUZZER making an AUTO-matic OFF and ON switch at AUDIO FREQUENCY like a DOOR-bell mecha-nism and generating an PULSATING current to > step-UP TRANS-former where a SPARK-GAP is connected and to > the ANTENNA DI-pole .
dang that makes a wonderfully evil sound
1:00 Thank you for clearing that bit of history. In the black & white film: A Night To Remember, they had the Californian as negligient, typical British propaganda!
Checkout the video of my steampunkish low power Micro-Tesla Coil that I just just uploaded to YT the other day. All cardboard, buzzer and wires - - nothing electronic about it. The Tesla coil I made made a long time ago from scrap material, as the rest is salvaged material. The capacitor is 1000pf, and the plasme display in a neon flame-flicker bulb
The Californian, even if she was aware of the tragedy, would have been powerless to do anything in time. She was shut down in the ice with most of her boiler fires banked. It takes many hours to get up to a level of steam again sufficient to drive the engines. She could not have moved before daylight.
I wonder what kind of amps this thing runs on.
Like 100A-300A
WHAT DID THE USE FOR A RECEIVER?
An induction coil is an early transformer.
APPRECIATED.
HOW THE FREQUENCY WAS DETERMINED ?
As far as I know, this was an early wireless telegraph where the signals weren't filtered to transmit at one frequency. They were noisy across a broad range of frequencies, which is why only the loudest can be received well in the area, and why they were eventually banned later on.
By the resonance of the antenna 📡
sellin my fax machine n iphone to upgrade tmrw
Hi there, I am doing a video on Marconi and Malin Head and was wondering if I could include this footage in this video .... Steve EI2GYB
Tanks from france QSL ...
Do people still buy these or reproduce them? If so do they still work? And what would something like this cost? Thanks if anyone knows these answers! 💜
I'm sure you can buy them but not use them. They've been banned from use since 1934
I built a simple spark gap transmitter as a demonstration for my class. Running off a 1.5V battery it was able to produce radio waves (static) on an AM radio. Took a few hours but once I had the design right I could make another in 20 minutes.
It's not alowed (illegal) to use it anymore. Not even in small scale.
nice
👍
Shut up I'm trying to work cape race
What's the max frequency that can be emitted through this?
+soumendra singh I believe with Spark gap transmitters from the early 1900s, they emitted at frequencies from about 1.2 MHz and 545 kHz.
+Canada Science and Technology Museum I disagree. The Spark Gap Radio Transmitters of the era were designed primarily to transmit at low radio frequencies < 300 KHz. These frequencies could be picked up at great distances, especially over the ocean water. This was vital at a time(1912) when there was no effective means of amplifying these signals. These higher frequencies(>545KHz) would be justified for transmitting voice modulated communication which these crude devices could not do.
This particular apparatus? I would say around 300 KHz. But the crude sparking can create harmonics and parasitic oscillations of much higher frequencies, but at only a small fraction of the power. The 5th harmonic has virtually no energy at all.
+Jeffrey314159 i totally agree and that was the reason i asked.. But it is also true that broadband frequencies and modern spectrum analyzers have shown 1 ghz spectrum.... But very very low in power... Receiver technology has gone up u see
+soumendra singh Yes, with modern technologies you can detect the 11th harmonic.
inventor of radio Russian scientist Alexander Popov
More power Igor
Interesting demonstration, save for the mythology of the supposed Titanic disaster.
Another one?
Fantastic, coil Tesla
These so called Preppers should understand is that if the worse ever happens, knowing Morse Code is likely the best way to communicate.
My thinking is a spark gap will/would be better than an HT/FRS/GMRS radio.
O wow I didn't know that they were charging for those messages in the titanic deleted wireless scene. I hope that little racket was shut down after titanic told them to be quiet and went down as a result.
We should note an interesting fact. Wireless installations operated as concessions on board ship. They charged for all messages, even business messages for the shipping line. These official messages were credited, or debited, from the account the wireless company owed the line effectively for rent of shipboard space. Operators were not ship's crew but wireless company employees. They were not under command of the captain or the steamship line.
This is what is called a Ruhmkorff coil some call it the trembler coil it is extremely crude and basically splattered the low frequency RF band with man made lightning and was virtually untunable. Marconi was playing with this around 1895 but Nikola Tesla had already demonstrated wireless transmission and reception and the art of tuning a circuit in 1893 in a public demonstration in St. Louis MO before 5000 witnesses. Nothing that Marconi developed later was anything more than copying Tesla's work and the works of other engineers and scientists in the field. In 1943 the US Supreme Court struck down Marconi's patents declaring them basic infringements on Tesla's and other radio pioneers work. It is time that history accords the true innovators the credit they richly deserve and not the actions of a thief.
Not a single word about spectrum control and about the maximisation of radiated power by means of an impedance-match of the antenna to the RF source... How moronic!
Get over yourself.
A. The Canada Science & Technology Museum SUCKS.
B. This demonstration is about as fresh as the moldy air in that museum.
Perhaps so, but there are many among the new generation who are clueless as to how something like this worked. They imagine the Titanic with true radio and voice broadcast or musical Morse tones coming from speakers. From time to time we must wipe the dust and mold off and renew the knowledge.
Used today would wipe out across all the frequency bands
Titanic history. Lol. It made an impact of TITANIC perportions!
excellent video sir ...thnx for upload , i allwas wondered miself about the transmitter ..beautifull machine ..!!
Ah you just explained something I was trying to figure out with the pulse hammer thanks!
What a treasure that is.