Purpose Of Data Base System in tamil | unit -1 cse sem -4 | epi-1.1 |

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purpose of data base system for unit -1 relational data base for computer science engineering in 4th sem
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Introduction:--It is fair to say that databases play a important role in almost all areas where computers are used, including business, electronic commerce, engineering, medicine, genetics, law, education, and library science. -A database is a collection of related data . For example, consider the names, telephone numbers, and addresses of the people you know. -A database can be of any size and complexity.-A database management system (DBMS)is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a database.-An application program accesses the database by sending queries or requests for data to the DBMS.
5PURPOSE OF DATABASE SYSTEM:--The typical file processing system is supported by a conventional operating system.-The system stores permanent records in various files, and it needs different application programs to extract records from, and add records to, the appropriate files.-A file processing system has a number of major disadvantages.
1.Data redundancy and inconsistency: In file processing, every user group maintains its own files for handling its data processing applications. Example:Consider the UNIVERSITY database. Here, two groups of users might be the course registration personnel and the accounting office.- Storing the same data multiple times is called data redundancy. -This redundancy leads to several problems.•Need to perform a single logical update multiple times.•Storage space is wasted.•Files that represent the same data may become inconsistent
2..Difficulty in accessing data:-File processing environments do not allow needed data to be retrieved in a convenient and efficient manner.Example:Suppose that one of the bank officers needs to find out the names of all customers who live within a particular area. The bank officer have now two choices: either obtain the list of all customers and extract the needed information manually or ask a system programmer to write the necessary application program. Both alternatives are obviously unsatisfactory. Suppose that such a program is written, and that, several days later, the same officer needs to trim that list to include only those customers who have an account balance of $10,000 or more. A program to generate such a list does not exist
:-3.Data isolation:-Because data are scattered in various files, and files may be in different formats, writing new application programs to retrieve the appropriate data is difficult.
4.Integrity problems:-The data values stored in the database must satisfy certain types of consistency constraints . Example:The balance of certain types of bank accounts may never fall below a prescribed amount . Developers enforce these constraints in the system by addition appropriate code in the various application programs
5.Atomicity problems:-Atomic means the transaction must happen in its entirety or not at all. It is difficult to ensure atomicity in a conventional file processing system. Example:Consider a program to transfer $50 from account A to account B. If a system failure occurs during the execution of the program, it is possible that the $50 was removed from account A but was not credited to account B, resulting in an inconsistent database state.
6.Concurrent access:-Anomalies For the sake of overall performance of the system and faster response, many systems allow multiple users to update the data simultaneously. In such an environment, interaction of concurrent updates is possible and may result in inconsistent data. To guard against this possibility, the system must maintain some form of supervision. But supervision is difficult to provide because data may be accessed by many different application programs that have not been coordinated previously. Example: When several reservation clerks try to assign a seat on an airline flight, the system should ensure that each seat can be accessed by only one clerk at a time for assignment to a passenger.
7. Security problems:-Enforcing security constraints to the file processing system is difficult
-It is a collection of programs that enables the user to create and maintain a database. In other words, it is general-purpose software that provides the users with the processes of defining, constructing and manipulating the database for various applications.
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