I understand that he says he is safe, but considering the amount it is needed to get sick and once that is ridiculous to not wear mask, put in risk his camera man if he is there + that plastic bag where beryllium is not being disposed and in the end of the video giving it away which seems dangerous and possibly not legal.
@@PsyzennThe toxicity of beryllium is cumulative because the body has no way to get rid of it. Therefore, total exposure is what matters, so I think the toxic concentration (in the air) is higher for a single exposure vs repeated exposures in a workplace, etc. As to the safety of what he's doing here, I have no idea, but I suspect he does! Unless you do, too, you can't speak to the safety of it. He does wear a respirator and other PPE at some points in the video, and it seems odd to assume that others in the room would be unprotected. If he isn't touching it directly, what matters is the concentration of airborne dust.
@@Psyzennhe was probably wearing a mask when necessary, I imagine a lot of that is also b-roll when he wasn't actually doing what he was saying he was doing. He's usually extraordinarily safe
@tfosenuclear And Oh I wish you would run a video about the book "Nuclear is Not the Solution" by MV Ramana. Just read an article about it and...I really think you would have a good run at the guy. Cos from the article I read it really seems a good bit of fear mongering. I know it's not your typical, since I don't think there's a video to react to but... This guy. I mean... Quotes like this .. 'A key reason governments sink so much money into nuclear is because of how tightly bound up it is with nuclear weapons, which ostensibly guarantee a country’s security and strength, Ramana says. “Technically speaking, having a nuclear reactor means you’re going to have more capacity to make nuclear weapons,” he says, including through interchangeable personnel.' Yeah it's that awful.... 😅
Many are not aware of the 1980 grand forks Air Force base b52 with missiles and plutonium core bombs. Would like to see a technical analysis of the risks. ruclips.net/video/QlI-5Nzsa-Q/видео.html
I’m not usually a fan of ‘reaction’ channels but you do such a good job at teaching and telling anecdotal stories and asking important questions, not just laughing and saying minimal things, it’s worth the watch . (Even about a welder psu, the relevance is amazing)
I see it less as a reaction channel and more of a video analysis channel I think this is mostly because the term "reaction channel" assumes that the content is not intended to be informative in nature and more borders on parody
The fume hood keeps a pressure lower than the pressure outside it. That small opening is always pulling air in, so unless the pressure inside changes too much, no dust or fumes can come out.
@@enricomontanari1390 the actual chamber is a vacuum, which means no dust can be released to the outside while it is in operation. there would need to be a catastrophic failure which would lead to glass and metal shards exploding or imploding everywhere for the beryllium to leak out, and at that point hed have bigger issues.
@@hackaboomhe didn't explain what a vacuum is. A vacuum chamber removes air, most chambers have less "air" than space (since solids ruin the definition of vacuum and there are suspended solids in space, while earth's gravity pulls all small particles to the base, leaving no particles or gases in the "vacuum chamber". He further created a secondary vacuum using a fume hood, in this manner any leaking particles will leave via the air circulating to the fume hood. Obviously you have experience to state the "weirdness" of air? Which may not impact in a vacuum(no air 😂)
@@bwonghere first of all he doesn't have that on a turbo pump so that things got air in it. Second he is vaporizing tons of metal partials with that arc welder running. Third by your logic o2 sensors on cars wouldn't give false reads with tiny leaks ahead of them cuz ya know pressure.
Considering the melting chamber was sufficiently air tight to create an argon atmosphere and fume hoods have negative pressure and he had a secondary filter- is there danger? Sure, but do you have any idea the amount of toxic stuff chemists work with in professional labs with 1/10 this degree of safety? A good fume hood is incredible with how well it contains airborne particles
Sure its secure enough but its not 100%. Do you really want to risk dying a slow, painful death just for not wearing a simple mask? What if the machine had a leak suddenly? This stuff is from alibaba.
I have experience as a welder, and I believe that the reason he had trouble with it when there was too much metal is because it struggled to keep the entire mass at a high enough temperature. Just like in the beginning where he had to flip it multiple times to get it to fully melt, more metal means more contact area with the cooled mold. I'm definitely not an expert on this particular thing though.
@@anygues2834 Except this mold is cooled by a water chiller because making metallic glass/amorphous metal requires it to be cooled RAPIDLY so crystalline structures don't have time to form. Between 100C/second and 10,000,000C/sec cooling rate for most alloys. Vitreloy 1 (what NileRed made) can technically be made at cooling rates as slow as 1C/second under perfect conditions but still... The faster the better.
The fume hood isn't just a box, it's got a fan constantly pulling the air out of it. The lower glass means air will be rushing from the room *into the fume hood* and then outside. No need for a mask there
Just because one thinks that, logically speaking, a mask isn't NEEDED, you still shouldn't risk permanent organ damage on an "I think" or "probably" level of certainty. Always have 3 or more levels of seperation with dangerous materials, the argon chamber is #1, the fume hood is #2, proper equipment (that means points of contact are covered, i.e the right gloves for the material you're handling, and the appropriate exposure-preventing facewear, i.e. face shield for splattering, filtration mask for particulates, heavier filtration/oxygen tank mask for fuming materials) would be #3
@@AMan-xz7tx Idk, considering Nigel mentions he read a lot of the safety documentation about working with the stuff before even going through with this project, and is usually pretty by the book in terms of chemical safety and cleanup, I suspect hes following generally accepted lab procedure for this. I'm willing to take Niles word that what he is doing is 'overkill' for what he is trying to do. Its in a good fume hood, its in a airtight chamber designed for holding a vacuum and dealing with hot splashing metal and again, HE read the safety documentation, its not us really saying its probably fine, its him. The guy spent, what was it, $14, 000 on a piece of equipment for this to do it safely instead of the cheap one? If he needed a $40 mask, he'd do it, because I guarantee he already has it.
@@golden--handyet nigel makes some uptametrashohilmetzildehydrahyde from a rats' piss and proceeds to taste it. I like the guy, but he takes unnecessary risks many times. I get Folse's worries when he himself works in a field involved in situations where mistakes could involve hundreds or millions of people
@@ero-senninsama1734 I'm just saying, the risks he takes while know the risks. And the risk he takes are generally ones he has a degree of confidences that he comfortable with. Watching him and saying "He should wear a mask" when the person suggesting doesn't know the procedure and doesn't know the level of equipment hes working with is a bit silly to some degree. Nigel does do things he shouldn't some times, I do agree, but hes basically always clear about it when he does, he usually says something along the lines of you shouldn't do this but I am because I have a high degree of confidence I won't die because I know what was involved. He's a private individual working for himself, so hes allowed to decide what his level or risk is, and there are people out there on youtube who are far more fast and lose with this freedom. Niles risks seem 'within reason' is my overall point, and that I trust what he does he does knowing what the risks are and is accepting that he is as safe as he feels he needs to be for him, and warns everyone of the risks hes dealing with. I'm not sure i can be much more clear then that.
Also a mask is a relatively simple thing to ask (specially considering all the other equipment he got for it anyway), so even if it is overkill on overkill, why not add? Better a layer too much, that too little imo
At 8:20 the reason there is a gap is to allow airflow. He mentioned that the fume hood was set to the max. At max setting, other than being quite loud, there is so much airflow there is no way for the dust particles to get out. Im sure there is some kind of rating system for fume hoods
about the whole dust issue with machining/sanding it: moisture is your friend here. water or oil would bind any dust particles together, none of it would get into the air like that, it would just stick to the sand paper, which is toxic waste after this project anyway. nigel even uses wet sand paper in the video, so he clearly knows this, which is why i don't quite get why he didn't go all the way to try making at least one of them perfect.
According to a comment on the original video, sanding it apparently rearranges the crystal structure and makes it lose its properties on the surface. So I think sanding it on both sides would lessen the bounciness.
@@Isurusish he might not have had a suitable hood setup, not wanted to without an SCBA, or not have wanted to deal with contaminating his workspace, but even turning it would have been fine with coolant in a hood or with an SCBA.
Haha right. I'm glad I didn't watch whole the nile video first. Really topped the ending off seeing Tyler watch it. Nigel does some really cool stuff. Definitely hope he checks out some of appied sciences videos, that guy does some really cool stuff too!
Our friendly Nuke Man used to play with warhammer models? He is one of us!!!! You should totally react to “Armoring of a Space Marine” and the 9th and 10th anniversary videos.
You know I love seeing how far Nile red has come. I remember watching him in his parent's garage doing crazy experiments. Now he has his own lab, and is still doing crazy experiments.
You could have air being sucked in from a separate opening, with a HEPA filter that would prevent any backflow. There are sealed "gloveboxes" (manipulation chambers) with airflow.
NileRed's Follow-up video on his second channel, NileBlue: "Hiring a hazmat team to clean super dangerous metal from my lab" Either that or "Throwing away $15,000 of equipment because beryllium sucks"
NileRed entering values in a spreadsheet: "I proceeded to very carefuly enter the values ..." NileRed working with the arc melter: "I just started blasting!"
When you mentioned how the glass could be useful in reactors it made me wonder if it could be used in one of the fission powered rocket engines where running hotter and being lighter means you get more out of whatever you shoot out the nozzle. I think the current NASA/DARPA engine is a thermal engine though I seem to remember a scientist proposing a some other sort of engine that sounded like a liquid salt reactor but with a nozzle at one end rather than a loop with a heat exchanger. Just thinking out loud with all the chatter about thorium salt reactors would that be any safer as the fission source of a rocket engine like could you reduce the safety concerns with thorium plus and put extra protection on whatever element is used to start/control the fission of the thorium thus safer if the rocket's chemical first stage decided to rapidly disassemble itself mid flight.
Seeing him painstakingly measuring out all the metals in accordance with the particular container of beryllium they belong to and then NOT LABELING ANYTHING makes my hair stand up.
I'm so glad I found this channel. I always notice safety hazards, but so few people seem concerned about them. I've felt lonely my whole life for being ostracized just because I take logical and necessary precautions. If there's a hazard, it's reckless not to prepare for it. This seems so obvious, but very few people *get* it. When I first watched NileRed's video, I noticed he wasn't wearing a mask. I checked the comments, and no one mentioned the lack of PPE. The hood and filter are great, but they aren't PPE. I felt validated when Tyler called out NileRed's lack of PPE and pointed out the obvious-it’s not worth trusting just the HEPA. Beryllium is extremely dangerous, and even one particle can cause severe, permanent damage. People act like safety is a burden, but in reality, you don't get a respawn in the real world. If you fail to protect yourself, that's on you. A laissez-faire attitude toward safety doesn't make you cool-it makes you injured or worse. It feels like I'm living in a world where adults no longer exist, surrounded by people who have no sense of self-preservation. What happened to professionals who treated danger seriously and with respect? It’s like social media and shows like *Jackass* have raised a generation of adults who don’t understand the real consequences of danger, like touching a hot stove and getting burned. 🤨
I feel you! I am like that, too. Just watched a video from an architect about transforming a small industrial building into a tiny home, and there were so many safety issues. Like holy moly it looked like a nightmare of a place to live. Super small and tall, so lots of stairs, and not a hand rail in sight. Gorgeous design, horrible liveability. I almost want to send you to the video so I can get some validation 😂
@@orchdork775 haha I can already tell you I 100% agree 😅 I remember watching a "living abroad" production showcasing a skyline studio apartment. I distinctly recall my first two thoughts. First was "wow what a view". Second was a split second of horror because their Queen size mattress was on the *wood floor* on a "loft" on top of their kitchen "roof".. And it could only be accessed by way of a ladder (not a structural staircase mind) with a slight tilt and slightly deeper rungs.. and the ladder itself was on the corner edge of the "loft" at an awkward angle so it wasn't a stable perpendicular climb. Leveling the fact that the ceiling was angled and you only had enough height to crawl into your loft and find somewhere to sit or squat because you couldn't stand. Third+ thoughts were something like- What if he breaks his arm/leg and can't get to his bed/closet/clothes? What if he wakes up in the middle of the night and needs to pee and BREAKS his arm/leg trying to "get out of bed"?? What if he has to go pee multiple times a night?! If he doesn't break his arm/leg he's going to break his back with zero box spring what if they have kids?!.... Immediately followed by "Is this what it feels like to be "old"? I'm literally 24" 🤣 When I was a kid my parents had a motorhome we traveled in frequently. It had a loft single bed above the cab. The only way up was crawling up the passenger seat (no architectural stairs) with one single leather hand hold that was ancient when I had no problems propelling myself up there like a squirrel as a 7-10 year old in 90s.. Clearly something happened between when I was a kid who climbed trees and jumped on trampolines for fun, and when I realized I was a college aged stick in the mud who didn't want to go camping anymore because there were no easily available shower facilities. 😅
To be fair when he was melting the beryllium it was in an argon atmosphere and the chamber has to be closed and air-tight for that so none of the smoke left the chamber until he vented it later.
I just finished watching the first part and went to see other videos of yours to watch and saw this one was just uploaded lol. Couldn't have been timed better
In regards to that giveaway, yeah knowing now how deadly that stuff is...pass! This is why I love videos like this, let the experts do their magic while I am safely behind my screen!
Talking about the potential uses for metallic glass that is just too expensive to be practical make me think immediately of sci-fi uses. If you want a shielded reactor that has to last a long time and uses a lot less space while still providing good shielding for some sci-fi craft, you can justify it by say saying the shielding is made of metallic glass which both sounds cool and is somewhat supported by real science.
I suspect he was only supposed to turn on the cooling system (or at least run it at full speed) right before sucking the metal into the mould. With the cooling running all the time, both the bottom of the metal blob and the mould itself were probably too cold, causing the metal to solidify _while_ being sucked in. Also, a mould with a different orientation (horizontal or diagonal disc, with the entry point near one edge and the exit point near the other edge) would probably be more efficient, though a lot more complex to manufacture.
Oh super gluing old metal warhammer minis. The amount of effort that went into pinning them and then there would jist be a huge goop coming out of the joint. That's why I prefered the high density polystytene models and some plastic cement, a tenth of a drop of cement did the job
Typical Laboratorie Argon have a purity of 99,99999, so the argon he uses is most likely standard industrial Argon. I work with technical gasses as a pressure bottle filler and after 5years, it still blows my mind how clean these gasses/bottles have to bee
18:41 oh shit, I think he's now has a lab coat and a respirator, _but_ is much less strict with the fume hood barrier. i.e. it's not added redundancy of both, it kind of seems like either or.
It almost looks like a surface tension issue. The surface tension seems high for the hole for entry into the mold. That’s why it would work with a sufficiently large chunk in the well apply pressure to push it in and then the bubble affect from the surface tension begins to pull it in.
That wouldn't really explain why having _too much_ metal caused it to not be sucked in at all. I'm pretty sure the issue was simply that the bottom of the "blob" wasn't getting hot enough (and the bigger the blob, the colder the bottom would be, because it was further away from the plasma), due to the cooling system being turned on all the time. He was probably only supposed to turn it on (or at least set it to the max - turning it off completely would risk the mould itself melting) right before sucking in the metal, so the blob would have a more uniform temperature. With the bottom of the blob (and the mould itself) being too cold, it started to solidify _while_ being sucked into the mould, before filling it completely.
Welders tripping was non inverter welders, because your standard old fashioned AC or old DC welder has a huge iron core transformer in it, with truly huge inrush current, not helped by the power receptacle likely also being only 10m of heavy wire away from a bus bar, fed from a transformer with MVA power handling, and a short circuit current rating in the hundreds of kA peak rating. Weakest point in that is the breaker, which will trip on the instantaneous part of the curve, and also with high voltage because the grid supply to the power station was high, because of it not having to deliver load, and the voltage compensators on the transformers being optimised to compensate for current flow and power feeding out, not the other way round, so the input for the transformer is high.
Video request: "This is The World's Most Complex Construction Project" by The B1M I've already seen your reaction to Practical Engineering's video on this topic, however I'm sure it can be up for consideration anyway :)
What do you mean, "like making a burger"? A properly cooked burger (like a properly cooked steak) is flipped exactly once. And if it doesn't turn out perfect, you are officially stripped of your "kiss the cook" apron.
There are two well established schools of thought there; the flip once and only once, and the flip once per minute. I personally have much more success with the second method, much less likely to have burn marks from the steak sitting there for so long that can't be cut, much less chewed. Frequent flipping, juicy and even.
@@giin97 - One of those schools is clearly a front for a satanic (or worse: vegan) cult. If you leave it there for so long that you can't even cut it, more flipping isn't going to save you. What you need is a timer (or just learning to recognise the colour change on the edge of the steak).
So, I'm curious if precision is also described in terms of "nines" for any other professions, like how we describe uptime in tech. 99.963% would be described as three-9s, for instance.
Would be neat to stack 2 on top of each other, or all 5 to see if that makes a difference. Im sure the glue and stainless rod still absorb some of the energy
Radiation Attenuation I am pretty sure some (or all?) modern Stealth Fighter Jets in the USAF use a metal-glass for the canopy. I have no idea what alloy they use (I'm sure very few people do know) but a retired F-22 Pilot, giving a lecture at a University mentioned gold as being part of the equation. Man, would I love to know the manufacturing process, and mechanical and RF specs on those canopies!
What?? metallic glass is just metal with an amorphous structure, it's not transparent. Modern Stealth Fighters use Polycarbonate Canopies. The golden tint you're talking about in the F-22 Canopy is from a thin layer of Indium Tin Oxide (which reduces RCS of the aircraft)
I have a request! There's this channel called It's Just Astronomical, and he makes amazing videos but sadly is too unknown. Maybe take a look at some of his videos like his last 3 videos about stars, and his video about entropy and time!
did you ever react to Fallout either the Game or TV show, I think that would be fun to have your take on what's potentially realistic vs science fiction, also amazing show btw if your ever board
lol I was gluing together vehicles for tabletop wargaming while watching these videos haha wait a minute, how did you afford Warhammer models as a kid??
Could he have used a wet grinding method to flatten the surface inside the large vacuum chamber? Contain the slurry throughout and dispose of the grinding media
I was also wondering why he did not wear extra ppe. I thought Maybe its me because I only work with computers but I do not trust toxic stuff like at all. I would probably crap my pants doing this stuff anyway xD.
I like it what handling toxic material's he just opens the bag and smacks it down on the table... Nothing to see here, move along, move along, nothing to see... Umm 🤔 wouldn't that beryllium be toxic too, if it was in glass form and broke? Also what's to for? Will he make lens oil filter? Like radioactive glass made of lead...
I watched the original, which gives you an indication of how important my time is, and although I enjoyed the subject matter I could barely get through it because damn does this guy love adverbs! Genuinely actually really entirely to be honest completely a bit really really surprisingly annoying. 😁
Vitreloy 1 (the specific alloy NileRed used), in lab tests, was able to cooled as slow as 1 degree per second and still remain amorphous under perfect conditions. While NileRed's conditions weren't perfect, it's still within the cooling capacity of the crucible/mold he used.
@tfolsenuclear I just looked up Barium because I got curious about whether it was radioactive (I thought it might be) and I found out that it has radioactive isotopes and wondered if you or someone following you could tell me if the radioactive isotopes were naturally occurring.
The copper crucible he was using has coolant passages with water coming from a water chiller pumped through. Also copper has a pretty high melting point and is one of the best thermal conductors. It just spreads the heat throughout itself faster than the arc can get the spot its touching to the melting point.
NileRed would have to be the most sketchy youtube chemist if you ask me. The kid started in his basement then earned enough to built a proper lab and now all he does piss-fart around whilst trying to sound smart.
At least Tom has the smarts to pursue a PhD. Nigel made money off youtube, spent it on a lab and only uses 5% of its potential to do junk chemistry for kids.
Thanks so much for watching! If you haven’t seen part 1 yet, here it is: ruclips.net/video/m3wIamD5dF0/видео.htmlsi=lapXEgyeCr15kWu4
I understand that he says he is safe, but considering the amount it is needed to get sick and once that is ridiculous to not wear mask, put in risk his camera man if he is there + that plastic bag where beryllium is not being disposed and in the end of the video giving it away which seems dangerous and possibly not legal.
@@PsyzennThe toxicity of beryllium is cumulative because the body has no way to get rid of it. Therefore, total exposure is what matters, so I think the toxic concentration (in the air) is higher for a single exposure vs repeated exposures in a workplace, etc.
As to the safety of what he's doing here, I have no idea, but I suspect he does! Unless you do, too, you can't speak to the safety of it.
He does wear a respirator and other PPE at some points in the video, and it seems odd to assume that others in the room would be unprotected.
If he isn't touching it directly, what matters is the concentration of airborne dust.
@@Psyzennhe was probably wearing a mask when necessary, I imagine a lot of that is also b-roll when he wasn't actually doing what he was saying he was doing. He's usually extraordinarily safe
@tfosenuclear
And Oh I wish you would run a video about the book "Nuclear is Not the Solution" by MV Ramana. Just read an article about it and...I really think you would have a good run at the guy. Cos from the article I read it really seems a good bit of fear mongering.
I know it's not your typical, since I don't think there's a video to react to but... This guy. I mean... Quotes like this ..
'A key reason governments sink so much money into nuclear is because of how tightly bound up it is with nuclear weapons, which ostensibly guarantee a country’s security and strength, Ramana says. “Technically speaking, having a nuclear reactor means you’re going to have more capacity to make nuclear weapons,” he says, including through interchangeable personnel.'
Yeah it's that awful.... 😅
Many are not aware of the 1980 grand forks Air Force base b52 with missiles and plutonium core bombs. Would like to see a technical analysis of the risks. ruclips.net/video/QlI-5Nzsa-Q/видео.html
I’m not usually a fan of ‘reaction’ channels but you do such a good job at teaching and telling anecdotal stories and asking important questions, not just laughing and saying minimal things, it’s worth the watch . (Even about a welder psu, the relevance is amazing)
I see it less as a reaction channel and more of a video analysis channel
I think this is mostly because the term "reaction channel" assumes that the content is not intended to be informative in nature and more borders on parody
I totally agree, this is the only 'reaction' channel that I watch and it's great. So much interesting information to learn.
$15,000+ to bounce a metal ball.... priceless
he also has an epic smelting tool for all his future videos =D content level up hype!
@@andyb3522 very true. I can't wait for more epic smelting.
>"priceless"
false, he spent $15,000+ and wasted weeks of his time. This is why NileRed is a hero for chemistry enthusiasts everywhere.
@@AMan-xz7txI wouldn’t call it wasted since this is basically his job, a VERY well paying one too lmao
@@keeferChiefer007 I WAS being sarcastic, but yeah totally agree with you there
The fume hood keeps a pressure lower than the pressure outside it. That small opening is always pulling air in, so unless the pressure inside changes too much, no dust or fumes can come out.
Yes, unless.
What if something breaks or goes wrong?
Safety is based on "what ifs".
@@enricomontanari1390 the actual chamber is a vacuum, which means no dust can be released to the outside while it is in operation. there would need to be a catastrophic failure which would lead to glass and metal shards exploding or imploding everywhere for the beryllium to leak out, and at that point hed have bigger issues.
Air does some wild things though and he's working with scary stuff. Can't be too cautious.
@@hackaboomhe didn't explain what a vacuum is. A vacuum chamber removes air, most chambers have less "air" than space (since solids ruin the definition of vacuum and there are suspended solids in space, while earth's gravity pulls all small particles to the base, leaving no particles or gases in the "vacuum chamber".
He further created a secondary vacuum using a fume hood, in this manner any leaking particles will leave via the air circulating to the fume hood.
Obviously you have experience to state the "weirdness" of air? Which may not impact in a vacuum(no air 😂)
@@bwonghere first of all he doesn't have that on a turbo pump so that things got air in it. Second he is vaporizing tons of metal partials with that arc welder running. Third by your logic o2 sensors on cars wouldn't give false reads with tiny leaks ahead of them cuz ya know pressure.
Considering the melting chamber was sufficiently air tight to create an argon atmosphere and fume hoods have negative pressure and he had a secondary filter- is there danger? Sure, but do you have any idea the amount of toxic stuff chemists work with in professional labs with 1/10 this degree of safety? A good fume hood is incredible with how well it contains airborne particles
Negative pressure differential ftw?
To be fair, Nigel eventually did wear a mask after the first attempt; so it's not just T.Folse worried about the dust.
Sure its secure enough but its not 100%.
Do you really want to risk dying a slow, painful death just for not wearing a simple mask?
What if the machine had a leak suddenly? This stuff is from alibaba.
@@ero-senninsama1734his fume hood is a professional machine and he’s shown it exhausts outside
No kill like overkill
I have experience as a welder, and I believe that the reason he had trouble with it when there was too much metal is because it struggled to keep the entire mass at a high enough temperature. Just like in the beginning where he had to flip it multiple times to get it to fully melt, more metal means more contact area with the cooled mold. I'm definitely not an expert on this particular thing though.
Heat your molds, kids
@@anygues2834 Except this mold is cooled by a water chiller because making metallic glass/amorphous metal requires it to be cooled RAPIDLY so crystalline structures don't have time to form. Between 100C/second and 10,000,000C/sec cooling rate for most alloys. Vitreloy 1 (what NileRed made) can technically be made at cooling rates as slow as 1C/second under perfect conditions but still... The faster the better.
Yes, he probably had the chiller running at max rate even while melting the metal, so the bottom was re-solidfying very quickly.
The fume hood isn't just a box, it's got a fan constantly pulling the air out of it. The lower glass means air will be rushing from the room *into the fume hood* and then outside. No need for a mask there
Just because one thinks that, logically speaking, a mask isn't NEEDED, you still shouldn't risk permanent organ damage on an "I think" or "probably" level of certainty. Always have 3 or more levels of seperation with dangerous materials, the argon chamber is #1, the fume hood is #2, proper equipment (that means points of contact are covered, i.e the right gloves for the material you're handling, and the appropriate exposure-preventing facewear, i.e. face shield for splattering, filtration mask for particulates, heavier filtration/oxygen tank mask for fuming materials) would be #3
@@AMan-xz7tx Idk, considering Nigel mentions he read a lot of the safety documentation about working with the stuff before even going through with this project, and is usually pretty by the book in terms of chemical safety and cleanup, I suspect hes following generally accepted lab procedure for this. I'm willing to take Niles word that what he is doing is 'overkill' for what he is trying to do. Its in a good fume hood, its in a airtight chamber designed for holding a vacuum and dealing with hot splashing metal and again, HE read the safety documentation, its not us really saying its probably fine, its him. The guy spent, what was it, $14, 000 on a piece of equipment for this to do it safely instead of the cheap one? If he needed a $40 mask, he'd do it, because I guarantee he already has it.
@@golden--handyet nigel makes some uptametrashohilmetzildehydrahyde from a rats' piss and proceeds to taste it.
I like the guy, but he takes unnecessary risks many times.
I get Folse's worries when he himself works in a field involved in situations where mistakes could involve hundreds or millions of people
@@ero-senninsama1734 I'm just saying, the risks he takes while know the risks. And the risk he takes are generally ones he has a degree of confidences that he comfortable with. Watching him and saying "He should wear a mask" when the person suggesting doesn't know the procedure and doesn't know the level of equipment hes working with is a bit silly to some degree.
Nigel does do things he shouldn't some times, I do agree, but hes basically always clear about it when he does, he usually says something along the lines of you shouldn't do this but I am because I have a high degree of confidence I won't die because I know what was involved. He's a private individual working for himself, so hes allowed to decide what his level or risk is, and there are people out there on youtube who are far more fast and lose with this freedom.
Niles risks seem 'within reason' is my overall point, and that I trust what he does he does knowing what the risks are and is accepting that he is as safe as he feels he needs to be for him, and warns everyone of the risks hes dealing with. I'm not sure i can be much more clear then that.
Also a mask is a relatively simple thing to ask (specially considering all the other equipment he got for it anyway), so even if it is overkill on overkill, why not add? Better a layer too much, that too little imo
At 8:20 the reason there is a gap is to allow airflow. He mentioned that the fume hood was set to the max. At max setting, other than being quite loud, there is so much airflow there is no way for the dust particles to get out. Im sure there is some kind of rating system for fume hoods
about the whole dust issue with machining/sanding it:
moisture is your friend here. water or oil would bind any dust particles together, none of it would get into the air like that, it would just stick to the sand paper, which is toxic waste after this project anyway.
nigel even uses wet sand paper in the video, so he clearly knows this, which is why i don't quite get why he didn't go all the way to try making at least one of them perfect.
i would just use that wet sandpaper underwater in a tub
I'd use blasocut22
Its made for machining sketchy stuff. It will make sure there is no dust.
According to a comment on the original video, sanding it apparently rearranges the crystal structure and makes it lose its properties on the surface. So I think sanding it on both sides would lessen the bounciness.
Machinist here! Wet sanding by hand, sure. Using any kind of grinder/spinning cutting tools however, moisture/coolant won't catch it all
@@Isurusish he might not have had a suitable hood setup, not wanted to without an SCBA, or not have wanted to deal with contaminating his workspace, but even turning it would have been fine with coolant in a hood or with an SCBA.
Vitreloy 1 sounds like a planet
Most scientific names does tbh
First half of a football result
Oh man, I managed to refresh 30 seconds after this released. Looks like I've got my next 40 minutes planned!
Nothing past that? The video finishes and you’re just going to become one with the void?
@@linkaishen3574 I am simply the universe perceiving itself, I'm already one with the void
Haha right. I'm glad I didn't watch whole the nile video first. Really topped the ending off seeing Tyler watch it. Nigel does some really cool stuff. Definitely hope he checks out some of appied sciences videos, that guy does some really cool stuff too!
Our friendly Nuke Man used to play with warhammer models? He is one of us!!!! You should totally react to “Armoring of a Space Marine” and the 9th and 10th anniversary videos.
You know I love seeing how far Nile red has come. I remember watching him in his parent's garage doing crazy experiments. Now he has his own lab, and is still doing crazy experiments.
All of a sudden, I'm disinterested in buying surplus equipment from Nile Red.
Fume hoods need to have a small gap to work properly, fully closing the front would prevent airflow, the main protection the fume hood provides.
You could have air being sucked in from a separate opening, with a HEPA filter that would prevent any backflow. There are sealed "gloveboxes" (manipulation chambers) with airflow.
I really can't wait to see his video about the cleanup and disposal of waste, like he did for the Uranium and Gold waste.
NileRed's Follow-up video on his second channel, NileBlue: "Hiring a hazmat team to clean super dangerous metal from my lab"
Either that or "Throwing away $15,000 of equipment because beryllium sucks"
NileRed entering values in a spreadsheet: "I proceeded to very carefuly enter the values ..."
NileRed working with the arc melter: "I just started blasting!"
Software is obviously more fragile than hardware. It's in the name.
When you mentioned how the glass could be useful in reactors it made me wonder if it could be used in one of the fission powered rocket engines where running hotter and being lighter means you get more out of whatever you shoot out the nozzle. I think the current NASA/DARPA engine is a thermal engine though I seem to remember a scientist proposing a some other sort of engine that sounded like a liquid salt reactor but with a nozzle at one end rather than a loop with a heat exchanger. Just thinking out loud with all the chatter about thorium salt reactors would that be any safer as the fission source of a rocket engine like could you reduce the safety concerns with thorium plus and put extra protection on whatever element is used to start/control the fission of the thorium thus safer if the rocket's chemical first stage decided to rapidly disassemble itself mid flight.
Seeing him painstakingly measuring out all the metals in accordance with the particular container of beryllium they belong to and then NOT LABELING ANYTHING makes my hair stand up.
Do you label your apples and oranges to avoid mixing them up?
I want to see him make a metallic glass ball bearing and use that for the bounce test.
Omg I didn't even consider that you could do that 😂
You should go comment that on the video haha
It'd be funny/cool if Nigel reached out to Tyler for help on the glowing baby project...
I'm so glad I found this channel. I always notice safety hazards, but so few people seem concerned about them. I've felt lonely my whole life for being ostracized just because I take logical and necessary precautions. If there's a hazard, it's reckless not to prepare for it. This seems so obvious, but very few people *get* it.
When I first watched NileRed's video, I noticed he wasn't wearing a mask. I checked the comments, and no one mentioned the lack of PPE. The hood and filter are great, but they aren't PPE. I felt validated when Tyler called out NileRed's lack of PPE and pointed out the obvious-it’s not worth trusting just the HEPA. Beryllium is extremely dangerous, and even one particle can cause severe, permanent damage. People act like safety is a burden, but in reality, you don't get a respawn in the real world. If you fail to protect yourself, that's on you.
A laissez-faire attitude toward safety doesn't make you cool-it makes you injured or worse. It feels like I'm living in a world where adults no longer exist, surrounded by people who have no sense of self-preservation. What happened to professionals who treated danger seriously and with respect? It’s like social media and shows like *Jackass* have raised a generation of adults who don’t understand the real consequences of danger, like touching a hot stove and getting burned. 🤨
I feel you! I am like that, too. Just watched a video from an architect about transforming a small industrial building into a tiny home, and there were so many safety issues. Like holy moly it looked like a nightmare of a place to live. Super small and tall, so lots of stairs, and not a hand rail in sight. Gorgeous design, horrible liveability. I almost want to send you to the video so I can get some validation 😂
Watch more closely. Every time there is confirmed beryllium in the shot and you see his face, he is wearing PPE.
@@HenryLoenwindThe inside of his arc welder was covered in dust. And yet, no respirator.
@@orchdork775 haha I can already tell you I 100% agree 😅
I remember watching a "living abroad" production showcasing a skyline studio apartment. I distinctly recall my first two thoughts. First was "wow what a view".
Second was a split second of horror because their Queen size mattress was on the *wood floor* on a "loft" on top of their kitchen "roof".. And it could only be accessed by way of a ladder (not a structural staircase mind) with a slight tilt and slightly deeper rungs.. and the ladder itself was on the corner edge of the "loft" at an awkward angle so it wasn't a stable perpendicular climb. Leveling the fact that the ceiling was angled and you only had enough height to crawl into your loft and find somewhere to sit or squat because you couldn't stand.
Third+ thoughts were something like- What if he breaks his arm/leg and can't get to his bed/closet/clothes? What if he wakes up in the middle of the night and needs to pee and BREAKS his arm/leg trying to "get out of bed"?? What if he has to go pee multiple times a night?! If he doesn't break his arm/leg he's going to break his back with zero box spring what if they have kids?!....
Immediately followed by "Is this what it feels like to be "old"? I'm literally 24" 🤣
When I was a kid my parents had a motorhome we traveled in frequently. It had a loft single bed above the cab. The only way up was crawling up the passenger seat (no architectural stairs) with one single leather hand hold that was ancient when I had no problems propelling myself up there like a squirrel as a 7-10 year old in 90s..
Clearly something happened between when I was a kid who climbed trees and jumped on trampolines for fun, and when I realized I was a college aged stick in the mud who didn't want to go camping anymore because there were no easily available shower facilities. 😅
To be fair when he was melting the beryllium it was in an argon atmosphere and the chamber has to be closed and air-tight for that so none of the smoke left the chamber until he vented it later.
I just finished watching the first part and went to see other videos of yours to watch and saw this one was just uploaded lol. Couldn't have been timed better
In regards to that giveaway, yeah knowing now how deadly that stuff is...pass! This is why I love videos like this, let the experts do their magic while I am safely behind my screen!
What a stupid attitude. Do you also not consume salt since sodium can explode?
That idea with using two discs on opposite sides of the closed tube sounds awesome
Talking about the potential uses for metallic glass that is just too expensive to be practical make me think immediately of sci-fi uses.
If you want a shielded reactor that has to last a long time and uses a lot less space while still providing good shielding for some sci-fi craft, you can justify it by say saying the shielding is made of metallic glass which both sounds cool and is somewhat supported by real science.
I suspect he was only supposed to turn on the cooling system (or at least run it at full speed) right before sucking the metal into the mould. With the cooling running all the time, both the bottom of the metal blob and the mould itself were probably too cold, causing the metal to solidify _while_ being sucked in.
Also, a mould with a different orientation (horizontal or diagonal disc, with the entry point near one edge and the exit point near the other edge) would probably be more efficient, though a lot more complex to manufacture.
Your idea would be a great investment to make, Using metallic glass as a nuclear shield!
Oh super gluing old metal warhammer minis. The amount of effort that went into pinning them and then there would jist be a huge goop coming out of the joint. That's why I prefered the high density polystytene models and some plastic cement, a tenth of a drop of cement did the job
Typical Laboratorie Argon have a purity of 99,99999, so the argon he uses is most likely standard industrial Argon.
I work with technical gasses as a pressure bottle filler and after 5years, it still blows my mind how clean these gasses/bottles have to bee
12:56 Nigel has the fume hood glass all the way up after melting the metal mixture.... no mask. Feels a little concerning 😅
Very likely a shot from when he was testing with other metals. There are plenty of shots with full PPE after that.
I wonder if you bounced it between 2 of the discs what that would behave like
Forget the bounciness scale, we need a "more explodey" scale
The setup is in a sealed vacuum chamber, there should be little to no health risk due to the Beryllium.
Please take a look at "Germany’s hidden leaking nuclear waste dump" from "DW Planet A"
yo my favourite nuclear engineer reacting to my favourite chemist. nice
18:41 oh shit, I think he's now has a lab coat and a respirator, _but_ is much less strict with the fume hood barrier.
i.e. it's not added redundancy of both, it kind of seems like either or.
do you ever run into uranium that's "just a little bit more explodey" down at the power plant?
No, I do not.
Suction (and injection) casting is used in the reprocessing of spent fuel in integrated fast breeder systems, like the IFR.
It almost looks like a surface tension issue. The surface tension seems high for the hole for entry into the mold. That’s why it would work with a sufficiently large chunk in the well apply pressure to push it in and then the bubble affect from the surface tension begins to pull it in.
Until it cools. Hence the weird awkward shapes and fast solicitation and the flow stops
Solidification
That wouldn't really explain why having _too much_ metal caused it to not be sucked in at all.
I'm pretty sure the issue was simply that the bottom of the "blob" wasn't getting hot enough (and the bigger the blob, the colder the bottom would be, because it was further away from the plasma), due to the cooling system being turned on all the time. He was probably only supposed to turn it on (or at least set it to the max - turning it off completely would risk the mould itself melting) right before sucking in the metal, so the blob would have a more uniform temperature.
With the bottom of the blob (and the mould itself) being too cold, it started to solidify _while_ being sucked into the mould, before filling it completely.
Would love to see a Newton's Cradle made from this material.
34:48
Interesting that you play Warhammer, very nice.
Welders tripping was non inverter welders, because your standard old fashioned AC or old DC welder has a huge iron core transformer in it, with truly huge inrush current, not helped by the power receptacle likely also being only 10m of heavy wire away from a bus bar, fed from a transformer with MVA power handling, and a short circuit current rating in the hundreds of kA peak rating. Weakest point in that is the breaker, which will trip on the instantaneous part of the curve, and also with high voltage because the grid supply to the power station was high, because of it not having to deliver load, and the voltage compensators on the transformers being optimised to compensate for current flow and power feeding out, not the other way round, so the input for the transformer is high.
Video request: "This is The World's Most Complex Construction Project" by The B1M
I've already seen your reaction to Practical Engineering's video on this topic, however I'm sure it can be up for consideration anyway :)
What do you mean, "like making a burger"? A properly cooked burger (like a properly cooked steak) is flipped exactly once.
And if it doesn't turn out perfect, you are officially stripped of your "kiss the cook" apron.
There are two well established schools of thought there; the flip once and only once, and the flip once per minute. I personally have much more success with the second method, much less likely to have burn marks from the steak sitting there for so long that can't be cut, much less chewed. Frequent flipping, juicy and even.
@@giin97 - One of those schools is clearly a front for a satanic (or worse: vegan) cult.
If you leave it there for so long that you can't even cut it, more flipping isn't going to save you. What you need is a timer (or just learning to recognise the colour change on the edge of the steak).
So, I'm curious if precision is also described in terms of "nines" for any other professions, like how we describe uptime in tech.
99.963% would be described as three-9s, for instance.
Don't bother waiting on him to make the nuclear baby. He already did it 4 years ago (Making Glow Toys From Scratch).
Would be neat to stack 2 on top of each other, or all 5 to see if that makes a difference. Im sure the glue and stainless rod still absorb some of the energy
This was a great NileRed video. Super interesting
37:00 and as the atoms aren't lined up in a crystal matrix, they are more likely to scatter all wavelengths.
32:52 it’s because the other material is absorbing a portion of the entered energy. Same idea as a forged anvil vs a shitty cast anvil
I Would imagine that spent fuel is way too HOT thermal and nuclear energy wise to be handled 2:15 😂😂😂
Is this primarily what anvils are made from then? They usually give off a similar feedback just curious don’t actually know :)
At 8:12 ... isn't that at a negative pressure, so all fumes are being sucked into the hood?
28:39 anime fanservice be like:
oh my god you played 40k as a kid?! thats even more dope than you already were
Radiation Attenuation
I am pretty sure some (or all?) modern Stealth Fighter Jets in the USAF use a metal-glass for the canopy. I have no idea what alloy they use (I'm sure very few people do know) but a retired F-22 Pilot, giving a lecture at a University mentioned gold as being part of the equation. Man, would I love to know the manufacturing process, and mechanical and RF specs on those canopies!
What?? metallic glass is just metal with an amorphous structure, it's not transparent. Modern Stealth Fighters use Polycarbonate Canopies. The golden tint you're talking about in the F-22 Canopy is from a thin layer of Indium Tin Oxide (which reduces RCS of the aircraft)
I have a request! There's this channel called It's Just Astronomical, and he makes amazing videos but sadly is too unknown. Maybe take a look at some of his videos like his last 3 videos about stars, and his video about entropy and time!
5:08 The jewelry comment made me laugh 😂
did you ever react to Fallout either the Game or TV show, I think that would be fun to have your take on what's potentially realistic vs science fiction, also amazing show btw if your ever board
You should react to factorio, it has nuclear reactors as a power source
The green flash/arc occurred due to the electrode touching the molten metal contaminating the rod.
lol I was gluing together vehicles for tabletop wargaming while watching these videos haha
wait a minute, how did you afford Warhammer models as a kid??
3:38 As a former MCSE, I agree
Would, say, an airtight glovebox help increase the safety of such a project?
You should watch thought emporium sometime
It was the zirconium. Zirconium is highly flammable and very reactive
Ah, yes, it was the size that made them look better 😂😂
4:32 imagine the tedium working pyrotechnic compositions.
Thankfully he was doing this in a chamber filled with Argon. Not in the Open air, THe chamber is completely sealed.
Although unlikely, the vaccum could still fail, even at the bottom, where the glass gap is.
"beryllium burger" 😂😂
Could he have used a wet grinding method to flatten the surface inside the large vacuum chamber? Contain the slurry throughout and dispose of the grinding media
Nevermind
1 L == 1 dm³ (both are a measure of volume)
I was also wondering why he did not wear extra ppe. I thought Maybe its me because I only work with computers but I do not trust toxic stuff like at all. I would probably crap my pants doing this stuff anyway xD.
11:05 I mean, it is INSIDE of a sealed ark melter inside the fume hood
18:17 coefficient of restitution:
12:10 he is spinning the metal blob within the vacuuum
I like it what handling toxic material's he just opens the bag and smacks it down on the table...
Nothing to see here, move along, move along, nothing to see...
Umm 🤔 wouldn't that beryllium be toxic too, if it was in glass form and broke?
Also what's to for? Will he make lens oil filter? Like radioactive glass made of lead...
This would be a great material to make a space suit with.
Space junk? BOING
I watched the original, which gives you an indication of how important my time is, and although I enjoyed the subject matter I could barely get through it because damn does this guy love adverbs! Genuinely actually really entirely to be honest completely a bit really really surprisingly annoying. 😁
Amorphous metal are usually achieved by cooling thousands or million degrees per second?
Vitreloy 1 (the specific alloy NileRed used), in lab tests, was able to cooled as slow as 1 degree per second and still remain amorphous under perfect conditions. While NileRed's conditions weren't perfect, it's still within the cooling capacity of the crucible/mold he used.
Love Niels videos
Amazing video keep em coming
Hello, I'd like to ask how could i get started with Nuclear engineering
I'm not sure there's such a thing as overly conservative.
MMM.... Beryllium burger. 12:50
I know what beryllium smells like 😑
Hopefully he didn't krill himself
Very informative and cool video
This reminds me of an eulers' disc
@tfolsenuclear I just looked up Barium because I got curious about whether it was radioactive (I thought it might be) and I found out that it has radioactive isotopes and wondered if you or someone following you could tell me if the radioactive isotopes were naturally occurring.
Just a quick heads up in case you didn't know: The dangerous metal in this video is beryllium. Not barium.
7:54 is it just me or does the motor look cgi?
@tfolsenuclear, is extreme bounciness the technical term?
I guess it would be "extremely high coefficient of restitution"
OH trust me Folsey. ive seen part 1
His crucible was too cold. The mold should have been cooled, not the entire crucible
I think it was essential to cool it extremely fast as to impede any crystallization. But it’s tricky to get it right I guess
Copper's melting point is *well* below that of the other metals; the entire thing has to be cooled to prevent the other metals from destroying it.
Did you enter the giveaway?
why doesnt the copper tray melt?
The copper crucible he was using has coolant passages with water coming from a water chiller pumped through. Also copper has a pretty high melting point and is one of the best thermal conductors. It just spreads the heat throughout itself faster than the arc can get the spot its touching to the melting point.
@@fawnn1644 that is the wildest shit I ever heard
Hi
NileRed would have to be the most sketchy youtube chemist if you ask me. The kid started in his basement then earned enough to built a proper lab and now all he does piss-fart around whilst trying to sound smart.
Trying? Either you’re trolling or you don’t watch his videos because he shows most of his work
I don't think so, Nigel is pretty meticulous. Wait until you find Tom. lmao.
At least Tom has the smarts to pursue a PhD. Nigel made money off youtube, spent it on a lab and only uses 5% of its potential to do junk chemistry for kids.