Essential Keybindings For Bash, Fish and Zsh
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- Опубликовано: 28 авг 2024
- One of the most useful features of the Bash shell (Fish and Zsh too!) is the built-in keybindings that can greatly speed up your terminal workflow.
By default, your shell uses Emacs-style keybindings, but you can change to Vim-like bindings if you prefer. The following are the commands to change to Vi-bindings (and back to Emacs-bindings).
BASH: set -o vi (set -o emacs)
ZSH : bindkey -v (bindkey -e)
FISH : fish_vi_key_bindings (fish_default_key_bindings)
The following commands were shown in this video. Listed are the Emacs-bindings followed by the Vim-bindings in parentheses:
CTRL-a (0 or ^) jump to beginning of line
CTRL-e ($) jump to end of line
CTRL-f (h) move forward one char
CTRL-b (l) move backward one char
ALT-f (w) move forward one word
ALT-b (b) move backward one word
2w, 2b...in Vi-mode
CTRL-k (d$) delete from this point to the end of the line
CTRL-u (d0) delete from beginning of the line to this point
CTRL-y (u) undo
CTRL-w (db) delete a word backwards
ALT-d (dw) delete a word forwards
Alt-. to past last command argument
Or just type !!, !$ in the command line
CTRL-p (k) move to prev command in history
CTRL-n (j) move to next command in history
CTRL-l to clear terminal
CTRL-d to exit the shell
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I was a Windows user 2 weeks ago; now an Arch user & if it wasn't for your vidz & the wiki... I'd probably still be using Windows. Merci 😌
Welcome to Linux! It's a deep rabbit hole. :D
@@DistroTube ohh yeah, I have much to learn but determined 🧠 💪
Sometimes jumping in to the cold water is the easiest way to go about something. I literally began my Linux journey by installing Arch and then uninstalling Windows after previously having been contemplating about doing so for an entire year. Ig Linux is pretty easy once you get the hang of it and Arch imo has the advantage over other distros that it just works unless you do stupid things with it.
Instead of configuring vi mode in Bash you could configure for many programs at once using .inputrc, it's a configuration file for the GNU readline library which is used for text prompts in many CLI tools, not just Bash but also Python interactive shell, etc. There are a bunch of config options but the basic one is "set editing-mode vi" in .inputrc which applies it to all programs at once! (Zsh does not use .inputrc and I don't think Fish does either, but Bash definitely does)
CTRL-y is not really an undo. It's more like a paste command (which it is in Emacs).
And CTRL-w, ALT-d, CTRL-k, and CTRL-u are more like cut commands.
So you can actually move an argument or word around using these commands.
For example, if you have
$ echo word1 word2
and you press "CTRL-w ALT-b CTRL-y " you will get
$ echo word2 word1
Could you just use ctrl - T to swap args also!?
Yes! And if you press CTRL-y multiple times it will paste what was cut several times. This "undo" stuff was really confusing until I figure that out by trying to undo multiple times.
@@dragonsage6909 As far as I can tell, CTRL-t will swap only the last two CHARACTERS positions. if you use it with "echo word1 word2" you get "echo word1 wor2d"
@@mellowgeekstudio ok, thx.. still experimenting.. there are a lot of these.. :)
@@dragonsage6909 Indeed. No problem.
The thumbnail was gorgeous!
O-M-F-G. Thanks, just thanks! I never questioned if there were keybindings...
I know and use some of these key bindings for many years. I still learnt new and useful ones from your short video.
I didn't know about alt+. and it seems super useful, can't wait to try it in practice. I wish someone compiled a list of quick wins like that. You can go for years without knowing that e.g. double click + drag selects text by full words. But I guess it would be hard to make such a list complete and avoid too much detail at the same time.
I've been using a lot of emacs bindings without knowing their origin. It is very nice to know such things and also be aware of options (like `set -o vi`) in order to change them. This will permanently influence how I work with the shell, thank you very much.
Also I'm checking out the emacs video right now^^
In vi mode use '_' character in normal mode to get the last parameter of the last command. You can also use the numbers before to get the argument of the specific number.
Great channel. Thanks so much for sharing all the valuable information and experience 👍👍👍
As always writing a comment to support the channel
Great episode, I'm trying to use these more lately, great time savers.
Ty
A long time ago (though still in this galaxy), I used emacs. These days I'm a vim addict. But I tried vim keybindings for bash and ended up going back to the standard emacs ones.
Oh no I am used to emacs standards, very useful to know!
just a note ^ brings you to the start of text , 0 brings you to the actual start of the line regardless of leading whitespace or tabs
For my keybindings, I've got home and end to go to the start and end of a line, Ctrl+{LArrow,RArrow} to navigate by words, Ctrl+Del to delete forward and Alt+Backspace to delete backwards. Though, I really don't do much line editing. I tend to just add to my .bashrc anything I keep typing repeatedly and occasionally if I need something temporarily I'll just create a function at the terminal. Sometimes I'll make a .sh file if I don't want it polluting the .bashrc but I need it multiple times, like starting up qemu instances.
Well hot damn, I've been working in the shell for more than a decade and didn't know that I could change to vi bindings, what an oversight.
Also, just to take advantage of shells and fish in particular being discussed: don't be surprised if you change to fish and "!!" or "!$" don't work, that's apparently by design - a design I very much disagree with and why "plugin-bang-bang" is the first thing I install alongside fish. Call me oldskool, but "sudo !!" will probably forever be more ingrained in my mind rather than "[UP]->Ctrl+A->sudo "
Go to my GitLab and look in my Dotfiles repo.. Find my .config/fish/config.fish. There are two custom functions in there, one for "!!" and another for "!$". ;)
Thank you. Good info. Relearned a forgotten.
Very Good Info in this video.
Good one, as always 🙂
Hey, DT! Recently, I find myself using a lot of regex in my nvim workflow (%s/...). Would you consider making a video on the topic?
Yes please!
1. In macOS Terminal, in the options->Profile tab, enable the checkbox "Use Option as Meta key" to have this keybindings.
2. I just want to thank you for this content and channel, I though I knew how to use the terminal until I saw your content, which is like a glass of water in a desert.
I guess the macOS terminal has some settings that make it more usable, but I eventually switched to Kitty, much better experience. I think Alacritty is also available.
@@rafalg87 Thanks for the tip.
"set -o vi" was the solution to all my miseries and it's been so many years I didn't know that.
Thank you for covering this. I learned that stuff in school, but I had forgotten so much of it. And, being a Windows user mainly, kindof dumbs me down. I just use arrow keys & only few extras.
Most useful setting is to enable Vi keybinding and the different modes in the shell. And on ZSH is even a plugin with extended support for Vim like key bindings and functionality in the shell.
I've not really done a whole lot of line editing with my commands, but I tried vi keybinding just now and it's certainly neat, but how do you tab complete backwards and forwards with it, and how do go up to edit a line without moving over to hit an arrow key?
Fun fact, in the Fish shell you can use alt+l to run "ls".
You have taught me something really useful!
Wow, didn't know that
Very helpful as a newbie
For beginning of the line and end, you can also use 'home' and 'end'.
But this might already be setup somewhere that I don't know about
I love that T-shirt! 🤣
set -o vi, is all you need
That shirt is hilarious!
ctrl + left/right arrow will move your cursor by 1 word forward or backward. just like alt+b/f
This is super helpful. Thanks DT!
Great work 🥳🥳🥳 Thank you 💜💜💜
Apart from the attention given to vi keybindings this was a great video. Mind you that quite a lot of appliances ( Cisco, Arista, Fortigate etc. etc. ) also use these key bindings, i.e. the EMACS key bindings 😋
I was going to say the same thing about the EMACS bindings!
In Emacs mode ctrl-x ctrl-e opens an editor for the command line. There are times it is handy. It will use your system default editor or honor $EDITOR if set.
ctrl + l works with zsh in vim mode btw
Very useful :) thanks
Nice I usually use "$!" for the last argument retrieval in emacs mode .. "Alt ." is faster... indeed if you ever need to run commands with long arguments such as ffmpeg in the cmd line you will force yourself to learn these jump shortcuts
every time a vim user approaches me and tries to convince me how bad Emacs is, I ask back which shell he uses, and always it turns out it's Bash, and then I say "oh, well, you know Emacs keybindngs too!"
7:05 Ctrl + D is not related to the emacs/vi keymap, It sends an EOF to bash, or any command running, which denotes the end of input.
Could you explain copying/cutting and pasting text shortcuts? And these vim *, + registers, how to use them in a convenient way??
When using the vi mode you are in the 'insert' mode at first. You must hit ESC to get out of that mode.
I realise this is kinda necroposting, but I'm trying to learn all I can. In Kubuntu 24.04 using ZSH, CTRL+U is deleting the entire line of text, not just from the cursor back. Is this normal?
Thanks.
hey DT! i recently broke my monitor by putting it on a paused bright RUclips video. it would be nice to make a video talking about the importance of screensavers, show xscreensaver and also add it to the DTOS script
Hey DT, completely unrelated to the video but I've always wondered, since PCManFM is your go-to GUI file manager, why don't you use it manage the desktop wallpaper in your WM sessions instead of using Nitrogen?
Ctrl+L works in normal mode with vi bindings. Use Ctrl+Alt+L in insert mode.
Quite a lot of this works the same in tcsh. (I use that for historical reasons - csh rather than sh. I forget why,)
You should try to put the keys pressed on screen.
ctrl-r allows you to search for a previous command in your history.
Curious, will this work during a command line installer for say Arch or Gentoo? I'm always having to change a misspelled package when I'm installing all of my packages during an Arch install. Can I go back word by word and fix the error(s) using these keybindings?
Correction: Ctrl+y isn't undo. It is paste. But when you do Ctrl+u it also sets the text in the clipboard.
thnx for the vid dt
Hey DT can you do a video on USBguard?
Nice video, thank you for that. Is there any key binding for scrolling?
scrolling is related to the terminal emulator and has nothing to do with the shell.
Hey DT, you have a broken Audacium link in the description, apparently they've moved to other website 😃
*Latte has been discontinued!* The author shared the bad news on their website and on r/kde
Would be nice to configure any terminal to use vim key bindings
When you're in vim mode does it respect your .vimrc? I have bindings like jj to go to normal mode.
The shell does not use your vim (or emacs) configs because you are not actually running Vim/Emacs. You're just running the shell, and the shell has its own config file (the .bashrc for instance, in bash). I'm pretty sure you could re-bind the command to go to normal mode from ESC to jj or anything else. In bash, you'd use the 'bind' command. Type 'bind' and hit TAB and you will see all of the possibilities. I think vi-movement-mode is the one you are looking for..
Thanks for that. Will try tonight
can you just manually change the keys? I would not mind getting standard copy paste working, as well as just nuking 90% of the other keys. I like arrow keys, ctrl_arrow keys for by word (I might just change that to begingin/ending of line), then I would like a clear all text key, normal copy paste. ESC could be whatever , stop I guess?
Hey DT this is a great video because I discovered my bindings are messed up. ALT-f doesn't do anything while all the other keybindings work?
Now I need to find the problem or else I'll be forced to use the arrow keys! SOMEBODY HELP!
Many terminal emulators have their own custom keybindings as well. It's possible that your terminal has Alt-f set to something else.
@@DistroTube that was my first thought but there is isn't one. For a one handed x programmer remembering all the key bindings is maddening.
For me Ctrl-u deletes whole line for some reason
Which is wierder,
Ctrl + Y for undo or
Ctrl + Z for undo....
For ctrl + z,
I think it's a little more convenient because it is close to cut (ctrl + x), copy (ctrl + c) and paste (ctrl + v)
Depends if you are on a qwertz or qwerty keyboard ;)
@@kaptkraut I didn't even think about qwertz. Poor people....
I use c-w, c-u every time, anybody knows if exist a command to clear all line in any position? Like Esc in Prompt Command of Windows.
I don't know about Vi mode, is possible custom mapping?
Create a ~/.inputrc with this content
$include /etc/inputrc
# Configure Esc to clear line
# "\e": kill-whole-linevi # vi mode
"\e": kill-whole-line # emacs (default) mode
First and foremost, thank you very much for your videos!! Been a longtime Mint/Manjaro & Openbox user and your videos gave me the courage to jump toward vanilla Arch.
Thanks to your various and in-depth info, I now have a customized AwesomeWM to my satisfaction and I am now setting the terminal to vi mode. I just finished updating my vimrc file and talk about perfect timing...
probably nothing, but my 2 cents regarding 'clear' for clearing TERM screen....... =)
I've been using an alias 'clr' for 30 years as my pseudo solution
still same 3-stroke keys, visual confirmation, and works whether ur in emacs & vi mode.
Once again, thank you very much for your hard works.
Cheers,
where did you get your shirt from
There is a link in the videodescription.
Ctrl+Y is not weird. "Y" stands for "yank", when you are yanking back what you just deleted.
Weird binding?
You know what really weird is?
Enter to copy.
(anyone knows which shell is using it?)
or you could just go to dt's config grab the "vi mode" from his bashrc and just use vim mode lol. easier to remember.
Это супер контент ) Ждем еще.
why would you write a comment in russian on an english channel?
@@utsupp1274 In our times, when we have google translate, the language in which we write to each other is not so important. I am Russian, so I wrote a comment in my language.
Oxford comma missing in title
Great! zsh-vi-mode is a zsh plugin which is very helpful. I just wonder how to set the mode of neovim after press ":", do you guys have any ideas?
I wondered when I saw your Manjaro T-Shirt and now I wonder again.
Where do you get these Shirts? ;)
There is a link in the videodescription.
I would like to propose you a subject for your channel: Window Managers that run on Wayland! I know you already talked about Sway here, but I would like you to comment on others, like Wayfire, Hyprland, River, etc.That's if you can and when you can too...
vim mode in zsh is better honestly
Its sudO not sudu.
GVDT.
Wait, there was a vi-mode in a shell all that time?! I'm out, peace V
:q!
I've switched to vi mode for the key bindings... If you use vim as your text editor it only makes sense....
I can never remember the emacs bindings...
They are not intuitive at all...
I was just waiting for some vimster to show up and start pouring crap on emacs. Let the holywar begin!
@@romany8125 sorry dude,
But honestly the emacs bindings are just weird....
I'm learning emacs but with evil mode...
Moving or deleting by words is sometimes a little unpredictable, for instance it might be that dashes are considered a word boundary and underscores aren't.
So, I sometimes fall back to moving/deleting by individual characters, which can be vastly improved by configuring your OS's key repeat settings. You can do that from your DE's settings UI or from the command line, for instance in Gnome you'd run:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard delay 250
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard repeat-interval 25
Bear in mind it affects everything, not just the terminal. But once you try it I don't think you'll want to go back.
not first
first
lol
First?!
Not even close. :(
Your kernel is very outdated
Eyyo pin my comment?
Fix the stupidity by adding set -o vi to the end of your .bashrc and enjoy vim keybindings.