as a northern brazilian, i'm so happy foreigners are eager to learn about native amazonic cultures!! they're fascinating, and very much affect brazilian life till today
I'm gonna love your series on the cultures of the Amazon. My people, the Ashanti of Ghana, also lived in tropical forests, similar to the Amazon and I want desperately for someone to dispel the notion that forest peoples are/were backward.
A human who adapts to the environment (s)he lives in is never backwards, tropical forest just make it hard to communicate with other groups due to the remoteness by the wilderness, not ideal for cultures to evolve into something larger, which is fine by itself, it only becomes problematic when bigger societies come in contact with them. Have you heard about the Surinamese Maroons people who maintained old Ghanese believes and rituals? 'Katibo ye ye' is an interesting documentary for you to check out. The amazone/ ghana connection is fascinating
But, um, the forest is backwards. The forest is an antithesis of sophistication by definition. So, I must make you aware, that your culture is backwards BECAUSE it is a forest culture. It's not a representation of your 'failure to adapt'. In fact it is a representation of your choice not to adapt in alternative fashion. Nothing wrong with any of that. But accept the fact that the forest lifestyle is definitively backwards.
@@Tadesan Maybe. I am looking forward to his digging into the people of the tera preta (pun intended) and the astonishing food forests of the Amazon. Such a highly developed, clever people.
Ancient panties: are sometimes plain, sometimes fancy. Archaeologists: Ah yes, these must have ritual significance. Ancient Marajoaran woman: Mine has flowers on it because I like flowers
That's definitely not impossible, although in pre-industrial societies it is much harder to obtain things with a lot of decoration if you don't have resources or status.
@@AncientAmericas It's the human equivalent to the Paleontologists' "Sexual display" or when an Astrophysicist says, "Dark matter". "Ah, so you have no idea."
Premodern peoples often dedicated much more of their lives to ritual than we do, and often conceived of objects and events in ritualistic terms. For instance, Cortez was understood to be Quetzalcoatl, and witch hunts have been associated with the little ice age. It's usually not a bad guess for archaeologists.
Im from Belém (a city localized in the Amazon Delta right next to the Marajó archipelago), it is great to see the marajoara culture becoming more notable to an international audience. We have museums dedicated to it and much of our culinary comes from them, like the manioc (we call it "macaxeira" here) and the açaí.
@@AncientAmericas I hope you will be able to include more than just a passing reference to the rich culture around manioc/cassava/yuca/macaxeira. I have only recently discovered this delicious food, and am wild for it.
Because the content is Excellent, the research is top notch and the narrator is clear, succinct and easily understood. The best History of the Americas channel I've found.
@@AncientAmericas As a matter of fact I do intend to spend all my binge time here, because it's such a great introduction to this part of history. Your content is opening the door for me to Ancient American history in the same way Historia Civilis did for me with Roman history. I'll be sure to check out other channels when I'm done.
Thanks for share some Brazilian pre-Columbian history. It's important to revalue the history of native American people. I remember that when I was in school we only studied about native American people the fact that they sold brazilwood to the europeans... And the rest of the history of Brazil is about the colonization... That's bad.
Indigenous people didn't disappear after Cabral arrived thought. At least at my school I remember them being mentioned during the colonial era which is a must as indigenous people were living both beyond and within the borders of the colony and interacted with it or lived in it in ways that shaped modern Brazil.
@@FOLIPE That is correct. My words were a but ambiguous. To clarify, I meant that the densely populated settlements and complex political states that Carvajal had seen were gone.
@@FOLIPE the USA is very obsessed with the word "extinct", when it's bout Native ppl, they use it way to much and untruthful!! Thank goodness for México and South America, they are the truth keepers!!
This channel always make me wish we could just...look into the past. The detective work made by archaeologists is fascinating and very impressive, but imagine if we could just KNOW what all these fascinating cultures were like, why their remains look the way they do, what happened to them, etc
@@diamondtiara84 Everything would come to ruin if anyone ever did find a way to travel to the past. Someone would certainly mess with the wrong thing or event. But it would be great if there were a way to look into the past. I have taken some very powerful hallucinogenic plants & fungi and gave had visions ov the past, but I could never be sure if it were real or just caused by my brain :) I like to think I had a real glimpse ov the past, an event that occurred in my families ancient past. But then again i have also had conversations with the spiritual entities that live inside plants and discussed their medical, magickal, and culinary benefits...so it was probably just my brain.
It is wonderfully refreshing to find beautiful and thoughtful content about the history of my ancestors. I'm from Belém, just across the river from Marajó. When I was studying industrial design at the state university there, I studied a lot of their iconography, pottery, and history. Another very important society from the region is the Tapajós people, which lived much farther inland and also had their unique symbology and pottery. Congrats and thanks for letting more people know about this amazing piece of history!! On a side note, never ask for açaí "juice" if you're in the region because people will laugh at you! We eat it in the consistency of a thick cream with tapioca and/or cassava toasted "flour", along with some fried/salt dried fish, shrimp or jerky! A hug from Brazil!
I have two friends from Santarém and they told me that when they were little they used to play with old tools and artifacts they would easily find in the tapajos river
Kåre Prutz, the Norwegian author and journalist, was selfmade and found out the "real" history all himself. For that the establishment persued him, banned him etc. In reallity they envied him his intelligens. NOW we know humans at least 50000 bc had capacity to make sea-travels for weeks in the Pacifics. There also was a large middle landingstation to rest in the middle of Northern Pacifig (North the Hawaii´s). Everything also shows the sollutreans made travells over North Atlantic at least 26000 bc, using seavessels like the Umiak and Kayak. Inuit regularly made those trips and landed in Northwestern Irland, Scotland. Munks wrote it down. In a few cases they also left there DNA among the people. Unfortunately they also rgurlarily died from European decises. If inuits could, why should not Northmen be able? Like Kåre Prutz describe it. A curiosity is that in Guiana you can find a "white" tribe which still fight any intrusion of modern civilication. In the Americas the Spanish wrote about other White tribes. Note also navigation in high sea was performed as Kåre Prutz showed from medieval notification, from about 1000 bc. The feonicians did it about 1700 bc. Brendans boats probably was "Umiaks", that is cpies of the Inuit vessels. Most historians do not understand what a Chart is. It´s a list of geographical positions, which means the seafaring people was handling quolified mathematics and also vikings knew that mathematic. Modern people look at graphical outcome of the Charta (list) which non-mathematics could understand better and call it "charta". Such Charta´s (lists) were very expensive and normaly were held secret in order to get trade-advanteges. JUST READ "AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS" and other books of Kåre Prutz! That´s probably why the north american indians was more imume to European decises than thos indians in Meso- resp Suth-americas.
Absolutely amazing video, even as a Brazilian a never had such deep dive into the marajoara culture, mostly because we learn more in school about more southern and coastal tribes (it's tough to cover all of the tribes in such diverse and big country tbh, but they should do a better job still). I'm fascinated by their history and your channel.
As usual you did a magnificent work. I'm glad to see your channel keeps growing Just two comments: 1. The shell mounds (also known as "sambaquis") are not universally agreed to be dumps, as some seem to have a pretty structured set of layers, which has led some specialists to think they may have served a ceremonial function; but such conclusion is heavily contested to say the least. 2. It's sad to remember that many of the Marajoara pottery pieces we knew were lost in the tragic fire of the National Museum of Brazil in 2018 :( Again, I hope you keep with the fantastic work and well, you still have a lot of continent to cover! Greetings!
Thank you! It's wonderful to hear from a channel that I'm a huge fan of! Two responses: 1. I had no idea about that. Thanks for telling me! I'll keep that in mind for next time. 2. Yes, I was heartbroken when it happened years ago. I actually agonized over the decision to mention that in the video but I decided it against it because I didn't want a modern tragedy to overshadow the video.
@@AncientAmericas unfortunately brazilian modern history consists of constant attacks to culture, be it by reckless management or openly attacking and wrecking institutions. every 2 years or so an important museum will burn down. already happened this year to a very important movie collection
Great presentation with good insights and information. Highlighted here is the "modern" tendency to think that any society is obligated to continually advance technologically. History is replete with the model of a culture living for millenia "as is" and thriving. This bias tends to limit our investigations or lead us into incorrect interpretations.
This is fantastic! Thank you so much for covering the fascinating indigenous history of the Amazon and Marajó island. I'm from the Amazon and I once did a presentation during highschool that was about Amazonian civilizations, with a special focus on Marajoara culture. Needless to say, I was so excited when I saw this video. Amazing video. You just got a new subscriber.
One of the most amazing thing with cassava (manioc) is that these traditional varieties used here are very poisonous before being prepared in a complicated way. This is actually because these indigenous farmers selected the poisonous varieties themselves! These needed to be aged, peeled, pressed and dried or prepared in other complicated ways to become non-poison. This is totaly contrary to our supermarket "ready to eat"-culture of today. But the less poisonous varieties back-then were more easily dug up and stolen by thieves (who just needed to peel and boil the less-poison ones in boiling water) or eaten by wild boars. The poison varieties of cassava promoted a culture of long term investment in cassava agriculture where culture were centered on cassava preparation. So it probably "built" social cohersion and civilization in a way.
That's an uncommon, fascinating and insightful decision they made. Shows, again, how deeply the indigenous peoples understood and respected their environment. Also, I've never understood why the fact that they didn't leave a bunch of garbage around wasn't more appreciated. 💚😎
Interesting seeing this kind of content in English. I remember Marajoara culture getting a lot of attention in Brazilian media some ten years ago when I was in high school, but we never learned about them at school (only tupis, tamoios and the such were mentioned, usually starting around the arrival of Cabral).
I'm a northen brazilian, and it's pretty fascinating that I could figure out how similar the Marajoara people's diet is to traditional Paraense cuisine. Also props for saying "Açaí" right!
Very glad you finally began touching on more obscure pre columbian cultures like the Amazon and Hohokam. Can't wait to see you tackle the Caribbean, Great Plains, and Colombian Savannahs someday
Have been waiting for this video haha. Now if you ever want to do a other video about Amazon culture, the other very famous culture in Brazilian Amazon was the Tapajós. They were more inland in the Amazon River, and actually their society never declined before European arrival. The modern city of Santarém in Pará is built "on top" of their past largest city. Thanks again for the video and great work as usual.
I've been looking for a channel like yours that covers ancient cultures of the Americas, which are so often overlooked in academia. Thank you for your work!
Not only one episode about pre-Columbian Amazon, but a whole series?! That is the best info, such a fascinating, mysterious topic, finally covered with proper care! Thank you so much!
Thank you! Just to clarify, this is the first Amazon episode but not the first in a series of episodes. I probably won't get back to the Amazon until next year. (There's a lot of two continents to cover.)
The Savannah seems like it was manmade similar to the Scottish highlands and moors, in other words the forrest was cleared away, possibly thousands of years ago when the climate was warmer as is the case for the highlands
@@AncientAmericas yes please! And thank you 😊 I’m from Barranquilla; would love to know what was there before and it’s proven harder than one would expect
I'm sooo happy to see Brazil featuring in an episode in this channel ❤️😍 great episode! I love açaí and manioc, my mother has a set of contemporary marajoara ceramics. Did I say I'm happy??? 🤩
brazil here! we only study the Marajós to the name, and you brought so much more than I thought a "gringo" (Foreigner) could. It's good work, and I am going to share with my friends here. Seeing how my ancestors did so much with (relatively) so little os amazing. Could you do something about indigenous peoples of today's São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro? Sorry for bad english, If so. Valeu gringo!
As a Brazilian, i'm Very happy tô see this amazing video. thak you so much to speak about this people that most of historical RUclipsrs put aside. Please, bring more about Amazon and something about the indigenous people of the caatinga (northeast of Brasil)
This video was so amazing! I'm from Belém, the city just outside the Marajó island, and I've never seen a video in english talk with so much detail about our region's history, thank you so much for this. I hope this video can reach more and more people so they can learn a bit about this part of the Amazon. Is there any way I could subtitle this to Portuguese? Really want this content to reach more people. Great work! P.S.: and yes! eating açaí with fish and manioca flour is still part of our daily diet, it's so delicious!
Fantastic video, as usual. You mentioned there may be upcoming videos regarding how the inhabitants of the Amazon rainforest dealt with restrictive soils; I've been reading about terra preta recently, fascinating topic, but accessible information seems scarce. Can't wait for you to elaborate on that!
You channel is the BEST! 💗 Thank you for referencing Aguirre Wrath of God… my first exposure to Herzog’s portfolio of work and, ironically, seen at the time I was enthusiastically studying the Yanomami (awarded degrees in sociology & anthropology). My college chums would joke around, muttering “luh-luh-luh-luh-luh-luh-luh-luh” whenever they approached me from behind. We definitely were our own little tribe, eclectic and odd to the general student population. Thank you for the memories as well as the presentation!
You should do the tarascans next! A society that resisted the Aztecs with possible links to south American civilizations sounds like it'd be right up your alley!
I got a bachelor's degree minor in Latin American Studies and I'm pretty mad we didn't learn more about the people of the Amazon. This is way more fascinating than learning about every single Patron that governed post-colonial Mexico.
Even tought i'm not even from amazon, see this made me think of all kind of wonderfull cultures we never learn here. Is so rare see pre-columbian history of the americas being talked about on schools, really make me wish that this kind of informantion was the norm and not something as rare as it more than is. Amazing vídeo and sorry about any grammar errors
@@AncientAmericas I think the most well documented ones are the Cariris and the Potiguaras. What actually interests me is how the tribes lived in the Caatinga biome, part of the northeastern region. It's a hot and dry climate, and unfortunately most the tribes kind of disappeared (either got killed or blended into the Portuguese society), so it would be awesome to know how they lived in such environment.
The pottery here at 0:20 reminds me of the stuff that was created during the Jomon period of Japan, they look visually similar with all those swirly spiral patterns
Just discovered your channel and as a Peruvian, I'm so glad I did! I don't see much information online on anything besides the Incas Mayans and Aztecs and a few others, and the topic of ancient America intrigues me so much, entire civilizations, kingdoms and empires lost to imperialist europe
Thank you for the video. A contribution: the fish depicted at 17:33 is the pirarucu (arapaima in english). It is the largest fresh water fish in the world, growing about 2 meters long. It is not found in the Marajó Island region because its habitat is that of calm waters without floating sediments. As you pointed out in your video the location occupied by the Marajoara is rich in sediments and in a variety of marine life, but the sediment, salt water and strong currents are not adequate for that particular species' habitat.
I would love more videos on Amazonian cultures. It’s one of those areas I know so very little about. Thank you for this one! Stay well out there everybody, and God bless you friends. :)
I'd really love to see an ancient americas video on the Tupi-guarani people, it would be a bit out of the usual since they were more of a group of closely linked tribes than what is usually seen as a civilization, but their shear acomplishments in ocupying most of what is today's Brazil and Paraguay, as well as their interresting belief systems (especially) on death make me really think they deserve an episode.
Hi! I’m an avid enjoyer of various types of history content. I’m very pleased to have found your channel and in such because I see wonderful content from you in the future I’d like to point out my 2 favorite things about your style and 2 criticisms that I think could help improve you. Like I said I’m very pleased with your content so far and that mostly has to do with your concisely wrapped up presentation. I feel you spend the right amount of time on topics before switching the focus a bit. I’m also a fan of the more simplistic style of your video in terms of visuals. Going off that previous comment I do think it would benefit you to highlight the areas the civilization/ culture you’re talking about was predominantly located. Or since that it sometimes hard to define dark color where it’s for sure and a lighter shade around that and where we also know they may have been. Another criticism is while I wouldn’t exactly label you as monotone you tend to stay at one pitch and one pitch only a lot. It’s not a bad pitch but there’s little emotion other than joy when it comes to major breakthroughs. That’s all other than that amazing channel I hope you keep up the great work! I could really see you blowing up soon. Maybe check out History with Cy, I got his vibes off your videos so far and that’s not a bad thing, frankly I think a collaborative video between you two would be amazing. I can really see you two replacing the go to history videos and PowerPoints of my school days for your areas of the world respectively.
Really good video. I can only listen while working, rather than watching, and this - like other good documentaries - works well as a radio programme. Thank you - and subscribed!
I absolutely love your channel and really appreciate the shared love for ancient american history. I highly suggest you look up iron of the Pacific Northwest if you wanna fall down an interesting rabbit hole
@@AncientAmericas please let me know if you'd like quick access to what seem to be the most relevant pieces of information and evidence around the topic, I had a ted youth talk planned but cancelled because of the pandemic, I'd just love to see this information shared on such big platform as yours
I lived in a state very close to this island for 18 years, it's called Amapá (it can be seen in the map showed in the video, it's on the top left) and it shares practically the same culture and archeology, ask me anything.
Wow, great video, it's nice that we can find content like this in internet, since most of brazilian schools tend not to give enough attention to topics like this, and a pronunciation tip, Marajó island is said like "Ma-rah-joh", the "ó" in Marajó denotes a stronger tone in this syllable
19:47 We still consume "mandioca" in brazilian portuguese. With it it is made "tapioca" that today is consumed in almost the whole country. Had it for breakfast this morning.
I have been reading about David Good, Yanamami American. His father is an explorer & anthropologist who met the Venezuelan Yanamami 35 some years ago. He, David, has his own RUclips channel & has been very honest how he managed & mismanaged his assimilation into the Yanamami family, as a grown man. He still makes trips back & continues his work in Biology there & in his US job/home. Also, David is honest about how his Mom managed her assimilation into US culture, with her marriage & children, & why she returned to her Yanamami people/family.
I would love to see a "Mexican" Style MesoAmerican Step Pyramid found on Marajo island. Not very likely, but I can hope. Sorry, I couldn't think of a better term for the step pyramids the Maya, Aztec, Toltec, etc...were so fond of.
One thing to think about, and maybe you already know this, but Malaria and yellow fever didn't exist in the Amazon (or the Americas in general) prior to European contact. I think that's the source of a lot of the "hostility" of the Amazon today. Very true on the poor soils though, and will be interested to see episodes on Terra preta and Manioc. :)
Cassava called maniota has been grown on pacific islands for thousands of years, along with sweet potato called kumara and potatoes of all colours called peruperu. Also corn called kānga, yams, and taro, and some gourds
Loved the video and learning about a culture I had never heard of. Is it possible you could look into a future video on the Yaghan people and other native people's of southern Argentina/Chile? I find that regions history really fascinating
Yes, I would love but unfortunately, find english language sources for those cultures are extremely difficult to find. I've had my eye on the Muisca for over a year and I cannot find a single work about them in English.
2022-06-01 I saw an article, yesterday, maybe on Yahoo News or MS Start, that scientists using LIDAR discovered a significant city buried under the Amazon jungle. Don't remember details. But it was stunning size & complexity.
Concerning that firing would have been in the dry season and how time consuming carving is, I’d imagine that they did planning, pigment preparation and carving of ceramics during the wet season
Brazilian historian here. I believe unfortunately there isn't an English translation of the archeologist Madu Gaspar's book Sambaqui: arqueologia do litoral brasileiro, a prime source for scholars and undergraduate students for the study of prehistoric groupings in Brazil. The closest translation of the term "Sambaqui" I came across was "Midden". "Sambaqui" is actually an indigenous word for "pile of shells". These enormous mounts of literal trash, shells, bones, food waste and lithics; some are as tall as 40m (131 feet) and as wide as 400m (1312feet). There have been accounts and studies about similar groupments in Chile, the US, Peru, Spain... I would love to see this incredible piece of our oldest ancestors' history being featured on this channel.
I really appreciate your feedback. I do want to return to the Amazon sooner rather than later. Is there a good translated work that you could recommend? Also, is this limited to a specific area in the Amazon?
@@AncientAmericas actually, the majority of the samples are sprayed through the coast of Brazil, although there are some in the Amazon. Most of them consisted of burial sites, and some were active for over a millennium.
@@AncientAmericas If you're interested in the Amazonian Middens you might want to check the state of Pará, in the city of Quatipuru. There's an important site there called Porto da Mina (Mine's Port).
One more go: Gaspar, M.D., DeBlasis, P., Fish, S.K., Fish, P.R. (2008). Sambaqui (Shell Mound) Societies of Coastal Brazil. In: Silverman, H., Isbell, W.H. (eds) The Handbook of South American Archaeology. Springer, New York, NY. DEBLASIS, P.; FISH, P.; GASPAR, M; FISH, S. Some References for the Discussion of Complexity Among the Sambaqui Moundbuilders from the Southern Shores of Brazil. Revista de Arqueologia Americana. México, D.F. 15, p. 75-106, 1998. ROOSEVELT, A.; HOUSLEY, R.; IMAZIO-SILVEIRA, M.; MARANCA, S; JOHNSON, R. Eighth Millennium Pottery from a Prehistoric Shell Midden in the Brazilian Amazon. Science. 254, 13, p. 1621-1624, 1991. Please, RUclips lords, allow this comment to exist.
Great video. I live in the amazon forest and I am happy to see this we rarily see this kinds of videos. By the way it would interesting if you were to make a video about the Tupi-Guarani because when people talk about the natives of south americas they only think of the Incas.
love it. hope you talk about agro ecology / permaculture in future Amazon videos! if u really wanna be edgy check out Terrence McKenna's theories on how ayahuasca helped Amazonians achieve the social harmony needed to meet the demands of the poor soil
as a northern brazilian, i'm so happy foreigners are eager to learn about native amazonic cultures!! they're fascinating, and very much affect brazilian life till today
Same, brazil is amazing
@@altobonifacio8936 l
Fl chegado, tu é da pedreira tbm?
the amazon is forest
@@michelmotta3930 eu era da cidade velha, pertinho do carmo kkkkkkkk
The masks of the marajoara are allegedly the inspiration for the major's mask entry in the legend of zelda series.
i can't believe i never made this connection before - majora, marajoara, OMG!
Yes, but also heavily inspired on a manga that I don't remember the name, that also inspired Hayao Miyazaki a lot.
Makes sense looking at the names. Cool
@astronomicalindie had to be, right?
@astronomicalindie close, mononoke was inspired by the Asaro Mudmen tribe of papua new guinea, or at least the small forest spirits are
I'm gonna love your series on the cultures of the Amazon. My people, the Ashanti of Ghana, also lived in tropical forests, similar to the Amazon and I want desperately for someone to dispel the notion that forest peoples are/were backward.
Thank you! To clarify, I probably won't return to the Amazon until next year but I'm glad you're looking forward to it!
A human who adapts to the environment (s)he lives in is never backwards, tropical forest just make it hard to communicate with other groups due to the remoteness by the wilderness, not ideal for cultures to evolve into something larger, which is fine by itself, it only becomes problematic when bigger societies come in contact with them. Have you heard about the Surinamese Maroons people who maintained old Ghanese believes and rituals? 'Katibo ye ye' is an interesting documentary for you to check out. The amazone/ ghana connection is fascinating
But, um, the forest is backwards. The forest is an antithesis of sophistication by definition. So, I must make you aware, that your culture is backwards BECAUSE it is a forest culture. It's not a representation of your 'failure to adapt'. In fact it is a representation of your choice not to adapt in alternative fashion.
Nothing wrong with any of that. But accept the fact that the forest lifestyle is definitively backwards.
@@Tadesan Maybe. I am looking forward to his digging into the people of the tera preta (pun intended) and the astonishing food forests of the Amazon. Such a highly developed, clever people.
@@Tadesan what??
Ancient panties: are sometimes plain, sometimes fancy.
Archaeologists: Ah yes, these must have ritual significance.
Ancient Marajoaran woman: Mine has flowers on it because I like flowers
Any time archaeologists say something has ritual significance, it's often a way of saying something was special but we have no idea why and how.
That's definitely not impossible, although in pre-industrial societies it is much harder to obtain things with a lot of decoration if you don't have resources or status.
@@AncientAmericas It's the human equivalent to the Paleontologists' "Sexual display" or when an Astrophysicist says, "Dark matter".
"Ah, so you have no idea."
Premodern peoples often dedicated much more of their lives to ritual than we do, and often conceived of objects and events in ritualistic terms. For instance, Cortez was understood to be Quetzalcoatl, and witch hunts have been associated with the little ice age. It's usually not a bad guess for archaeologists.
@@AncientAmericas and "fertility ritual item" means "I know exactly what this is, but I don't wanna say ancient dildo"
Im from Belém (a city localized in the Amazon Delta right next to the Marajó archipelago), it is great to see the marajoara culture becoming more notable to an international audience. We have museums dedicated to it and much of our culinary comes from them, like the manioc (we call it "macaxeira" here) and the açaí.
I was very happy to learn about it! It's a fascinating culture.
@@AncientAmericas I hope you will be able to include more than just a passing reference to the rich culture around manioc/cassava/yuca/macaxeira. I have only recently discovered this delicious food, and am wild for it.
@@grovermartin6874 Manioc is on the episode list. Unfortunately, I have no clue when it will be made.
@@AncientAmericas We'll be here! All of your programs have been educational and entertaining!
My girlfriend is in soure! ❤😊
I literally can’t stop binging these history episodes
Thank you. Don't spend all your binge time here. Other Ancient American channels need love too!
Because the content is Excellent, the research is top notch and the narrator is clear, succinct and easily understood.
The best History of the Americas channel I've found.
@@AncientAmericas As a matter of fact I do intend to spend all my binge time here, because it's such a great introduction to this part of history. Your content is opening the door for me to Ancient American history in the same way Historia Civilis did for me with Roman history. I'll be sure to check out other channels when I'm done.
@@VoidLantadd Now that is a compliment! Historia Civilis was one of the big inspirations for my channel! Thank you!
Thanks for share some Brazilian pre-Columbian history. It's important to revalue the history of native American people.
I remember that when I was in school we only studied about native American people the fact that they sold brazilwood to the europeans... And the rest of the history of Brazil is about the colonization... That's bad.
Agreed! Hopefully things will get better.
Indigenous people didn't disappear after Cabral arrived thought. At least at my school I remember them being mentioned during the colonial era which is a must as indigenous people were living both beyond and within the borders of the colony and interacted with it or lived in it in ways that shaped modern Brazil.
@@FOLIPE That is correct. My words were a but ambiguous. To clarify, I meant that the densely populated settlements and complex political states that Carvajal had seen were gone.
And that they were enslaved and/or massacred by the europeans.
@@FOLIPE the USA is very obsessed with the word "extinct", when it's bout Native ppl, they use it way to much and untruthful!! Thank goodness for México and South America, they are the truth keepers!!
This channel always make me wish we could just...look into the past. The detective work made by archaeologists is fascinating and very impressive, but imagine if we could just KNOW what all these fascinating cultures were like, why their remains look the way they do, what happened to them, etc
You're not alone. That sentiment is always in the back of my mind as well.
Maybe it's time for a time machine?
@@diamondtiara84 well if I had a time machine I'd probably spend less time sightseeing and more time stopping the genocide.
@@diamondtiara84 Everything would come to ruin if anyone ever did find a way to travel to the past.
Someone would certainly mess with the wrong thing or event.
But it would be great if there were a way to look into the past.
I have taken some very powerful hallucinogenic plants & fungi and gave had visions ov the past, but I could never be sure if it were real or just caused by my brain :)
I like to think I had a real glimpse ov the past, an event that occurred in my families ancient past.
But then again i have also had conversations with the spiritual entities that live inside plants and discussed their medical, magickal, and culinary benefits...so it was probably just my brain.
or see an alternative world where the American continent remains indigenous...
It is wonderfully refreshing to find beautiful and thoughtful content about the history of my ancestors. I'm from Belém, just across the river from Marajó. When I was studying industrial design at the state university there, I studied a lot of their iconography, pottery, and history. Another very important society from the region is the Tapajós people, which lived much farther inland and also had their unique symbology and pottery. Congrats and thanks for letting more people know about this amazing piece of history!!
On a side note, never ask for açaí "juice" if you're in the region because people will laugh at you! We eat it in the consistency of a thick cream with tapioca and/or cassava toasted "flour", along with some fried/salt dried fish, shrimp or jerky!
A hug from Brazil!
Thank you! And thanks for the advice! Hugs from the US!
I have two friends from Santarém and they told me that when they were little they used to play with old tools and artifacts they would easily find in the tapajos river
I wish I had a house on Marajo. I'm just scared of the chicken eater spiders. 😭🐔🕷️🌴🏝️
My girlfriend is on soure!! 😊. Ive been teaching her history of her own island! 😅😅😅
I am continuously amazed at just how brilliant and resourceful Precolumbian civilizations were.
I love your videos! I told my World History teacher about you, hopefully we get to watch a video of yours in class!
Thank you!
Cool
The book *1491: America before Columbus* covers this topic in good detail, and this is a great subject for further exploration! Thanks for the video 🤠
You're welcome! 1491: America before Columbus is a great book and I actually used it in the creation of this video.
Kåre Prutz, the Norwegian author and journalist, was selfmade and found out the "real" history all himself. For that the establishment persued him, banned him etc. In reallity they envied him his intelligens.
NOW we know humans at least 50000 bc had capacity to make sea-travels for weeks in the Pacifics. There also was a large middle landingstation to rest in the middle of Northern Pacifig (North the Hawaii´s). Everything also shows the sollutreans made travells over North Atlantic at least 26000 bc, using seavessels like the Umiak and Kayak. Inuit regularly made those trips and landed in Northwestern Irland, Scotland. Munks wrote it down. In a few cases they also left there DNA among the people. Unfortunately they also rgurlarily died from European decises. If inuits could, why should not Northmen be able? Like Kåre Prutz describe it.
A curiosity is that in Guiana you can find a "white" tribe which still fight any intrusion of modern civilication. In the Americas the Spanish wrote about other White tribes. Note also navigation in high sea was performed as Kåre Prutz showed from medieval notification, from about 1000 bc. The feonicians did it about 1700 bc. Brendans boats probably was "Umiaks", that is cpies of the Inuit vessels.
Most historians do not understand what a Chart is. It´s a list of geographical positions, which means the seafaring people was handling quolified mathematics and also vikings knew that mathematic. Modern people look at graphical outcome of the Charta (list) which non-mathematics could understand better and call it "charta". Such Charta´s (lists) were very expensive and normaly were held secret in order to get trade-advanteges. JUST READ "AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS" and other books of Kåre Prutz!
That´s probably why the north american indians was more imume to European decises than thos indians in Meso- resp Suth-americas.
Absolutely amazing video, even as a Brazilian a never had such deep dive into the marajoara culture, mostly because we learn more in school about more southern and coastal tribes (it's tough to cover all of the tribes in such diverse and big country tbh, but they should do a better job still). I'm fascinated by their history and your channel.
Thank you!
As usual you did a magnificent work. I'm glad to see your channel keeps growing
Just two comments:
1. The shell mounds (also known as "sambaquis") are not universally agreed to be dumps, as some seem to have a pretty structured set of layers, which has led some specialists to think they may have served a ceremonial function; but such conclusion is heavily contested to say the least.
2. It's sad to remember that many of the Marajoara pottery pieces we knew were lost in the tragic fire of the National Museum of Brazil in 2018 :(
Again, I hope you keep with the fantastic work and well, you still have a lot of continent to cover!
Greetings!
You make great content too 👍
Thank you! It's wonderful to hear from a channel that I'm a huge fan of! Two responses:
1. I had no idea about that. Thanks for telling me! I'll keep that in mind for next time.
2. Yes, I was heartbroken when it happened years ago. I actually agonized over the decision to mention that in the video but I decided it against it because I didn't want a modern tragedy to overshadow the video.
@@AncientAmericas can...can we ship you two? 🤣😁
@@AncientAmericas unfortunately brazilian modern history consists of constant attacks to culture, be it by reckless management or openly attacking and wrecking institutions. every 2 years or so an important museum will burn down. already happened this year to a very important movie collection
Just amazing. I still had that impression that the Amazon was sparsely populated and couldn't sustain complex, stratified societies. A revelation.
I remember the day I first learned about this, it was a mind blown moment.
Not anymore! Drones have picked up images of ancient buried cities!
Great presentation with good insights and information. Highlighted here is the "modern" tendency to think that any society is obligated to continually advance technologically. History is replete with the model of a culture living for millenia "as is" and thriving. This bias tends to limit our investigations or lead us into incorrect interpretations.
Thank you! I completely agree. Western thinking traditionally equates advancement with technological development.
Ok .. but... how about stop getting cholera?
@@Tadesan If you have cholera, you've been eating or drinking bacterial tainted food or water. Maybe start washing your dishes?
How you don’t have at least above 100k subscribers is beyond me
Thank you. I'm actually amazed I have more than 10k subscribers.
@@AncientAmericas thanks for interacting 😉
The right video will blow this mans account up and all his other videos with it. Love your work!
@@Slammedbimmah30 thanks!
This is fantastic! Thank you so much for covering the fascinating indigenous history of the Amazon and Marajó island. I'm from the Amazon and I once did a presentation during highschool that was about Amazonian civilizations, with a special focus on Marajoara culture. Needless to say, I was so excited when I saw this video.
Amazing video. You just got a new subscriber.
Thank you!
One of the most amazing thing with cassava (manioc) is that these traditional varieties used here are very poisonous before being prepared in a complicated way. This is actually because these indigenous farmers selected the poisonous varieties themselves! These needed to be aged, peeled, pressed and dried or prepared in other complicated ways to become non-poison.
This is totaly contrary to our supermarket "ready to eat"-culture of today. But the less poisonous varieties back-then were more easily dug up and stolen by thieves (who just needed to peel and boil the less-poison ones in boiling water) or eaten by wild boars. The poison varieties of cassava promoted a culture of long term investment in cassava agriculture where culture were centered on cassava preparation. So it probably "built" social cohersion and civilization in a way.
That's an uncommon, fascinating and insightful decision they made. Shows, again, how deeply the indigenous peoples understood and respected their environment. Also, I've never understood why the fact that they didn't leave a bunch of garbage around wasn't more appreciated. 💚😎
Interesting seeing this kind of content in English. I remember Marajoara culture getting a lot of attention in Brazilian media some ten years ago when I was in high school, but we never learned about them at school (only tupis, tamoios and the such were mentioned, usually starting around the arrival of Cabral).
I'm a northen brazilian, and it's pretty fascinating that I could figure out how similar the Marajoara people's diet is to traditional Paraense cuisine. Also props for saying "Açaí" right!
Thank you!
Very glad you finally began touching on more obscure pre columbian cultures like the Amazon and Hohokam. Can't wait to see you tackle the Caribbean, Great Plains, and Colombian Savannahs someday
All in good time I hope!
As a Brazilian historian, I'm very thankful for this video.
I'm thankful you enjoyed it!
Varghina ayy lmao? XD. 👽🛸🇧🇷🌎
Have been waiting for this video haha.
Now if you ever want to do a other video about Amazon culture, the other very famous culture in Brazilian Amazon was the Tapajós.
They were more inland in the Amazon River, and actually their society never declined before European arrival. The modern city of Santarém in Pará is built "on top" of their past largest city.
Thanks again for the video and great work as usual.
Thank you! I knew nothing about the Tapajó but I've added them to my list! Thanks for the tip!
I've been looking for a channel like yours that covers ancient cultures of the Americas, which are so often overlooked in academia. Thank you for your work!
You're welcome!
Their pottery is some of the most beautiful I have ever seen.
Not only one episode about pre-Columbian Amazon, but a whole series?! That is the best info, such a fascinating, mysterious topic, finally covered with proper care! Thank you so much!
Thank you! Just to clarify, this is the first Amazon episode but not the first in a series of episodes. I probably won't get back to the Amazon until next year. (There's a lot of two continents to cover.)
@@AncientAmericas I can wait. Sounds like the perfect New Year's Day episode :)
The Savannah seems like it was manmade similar to the Scottish highlands and moors, in other words the forrest was cleared away, possibly thousands of years ago when the climate was warmer as is the case for the highlands
Interesting idea. There's good literature out there on the geography of Marajo Island if you want to learn more.
Amazing video once again. Can we get a video about the Caribbean cultures?
Thank you! Caribbean culture is on the list. It will be covered some day.
@@AncientAmericas yes please! And thank you 😊 I’m from Barranquilla; would love to know what was there before and it’s proven harder than one would expect
I'm sooo happy to see Brazil featuring in an episode in this channel ❤️😍 great episode! I love açaí and manioc, my mother has a set of contemporary marajoara ceramics. Did I say I'm happy??? 🤩
Thank you!
I like seeing this. It goes to show that no matter the type of the land, Humans will be damn good at adapting to what is needed.
I'm from Marajó, thanks for the content dude, never expected that i would see people from the US talking about the marojoarans, it's a great video.
Ok, these gotta be my favourite pottery designs, the aesthetic damn!
Right?!
These people are beyond incredible and fascinating to no end.
"That is like everyone in the united States except Indiana disappearing."
Me, a Hoosier: _"It's free real estate"_
"That sure was tragic. Time for some affordable ocean front property!"
This is the best indigenous history channel hands down. Thank you.
Thank you!
brazil here! we only study the Marajós to the name, and you brought so much more than I thought a "gringo" (Foreigner) could. It's good work, and I am going to share with my friends here. Seeing how my ancestors did so much with (relatively) so little os amazing. Could you do something about indigenous peoples of today's São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro?
Sorry for bad english, If so.
Valeu gringo!
That's quite a compliment! Thank you! I'm glad you enjoyed it.
As a Brazilian, i'm Very happy tô see this amazing video. thak you so much to speak about this people that most of historical RUclipsrs put aside.
Please, bring more about Amazon and something about the indigenous people of the caatinga (northeast of Brasil)
You're welcome!
This video was so amazing! I'm from Belém, the city just outside the Marajó island, and I've never seen a video in english talk with so much detail about our region's history, thank you so much for this. I hope this video can reach more and more people so they can learn a bit about this part of the Amazon.
Is there any way I could subtitle this to Portuguese? Really want this content to reach more people. Great work!
P.S.: and yes! eating açaí with fish and manioca flour is still part of our daily diet, it's so delicious!
Thank you!
Fantastic video, as usual.
You mentioned there may be upcoming videos regarding how the inhabitants of the Amazon rainforest dealt with restrictive soils; I've been reading about terra preta recently, fascinating topic, but accessible information seems scarce. Can't wait for you to elaborate on that!
I can't wait to elaborate on it either! It's extremely fascinating.
You channel is the BEST! 💗
Thank you for referencing Aguirre Wrath of God… my first exposure to Herzog’s portfolio of work and, ironically, seen at the time I was enthusiastically studying the Yanomami (awarded degrees in sociology & anthropology). My college chums would joke around, muttering “luh-luh-luh-luh-luh-luh-luh-luh” whenever they approached me from behind. We definitely were our own little tribe, eclectic and odd to the general student population. Thank you for the memories as well as the presentation!
Thank you!
Bem legal ver outras pessoas querendo aprender sobre cultura Indígena :)
You should do the tarascans next! A society that resisted the Aztecs with possible links to south American civilizations sounds like it'd be right up your alley!
They will get their episode for sure!
So great to see a history channel dedicated to the civilizations of the Americas!
Isn't it? I wish there were more.
I got a bachelor's degree minor in Latin American Studies and I'm pretty mad we didn't learn more about the people of the Amazon. This is way more fascinating than learning about every single Patron that governed post-colonial Mexico.
Marajó island has always fascinated me so this video was incredible for me
Even tought i'm not even from amazon, see this made me think of all kind of wonderfull cultures we never learn here. Is so rare see pre-columbian history of the americas being talked about on schools, really make me wish that this kind of informantion was the norm and not something as rare as it more than is. Amazing vídeo and sorry about any grammar errors
Thank you so much!
Yay!!!! 🎊🎉💃🎉🎊👏👏👏 I was hoping you would do an Amazonian culture!! Thank you!! 😁
You're welcome! I hope your enjoy it as much as I did.
Orellana's expedition wasn't to find El Dorado, but "The Cinnamon Country", which was basically the same but with cinnamon instead of gold.
And just as disappointing too.
Can you do a video on the tribes of the Northeast of Brazil? People tend to forget about them for some reason
Which specific people? I'm always looking to add more topics to my list.
@@AncientAmericas I think the most well documented ones are the Cariris and the Potiguaras. What actually interests me is how the tribes lived in the Caatinga biome, part of the northeastern region. It's a hot and dry climate, and unfortunately most the tribes kind of disappeared (either got killed or blended into the Portuguese society), so it would be awesome to know how they lived in such environment.
I've seen Aguirre, The Wrath of God. Very cool to know its historical origin!
The pottery here at 0:20 reminds me of the stuff that was created during the Jomon period of Japan, they look visually similar with all those swirly spiral patterns
The public view of American prehistory is breathtakingly ignorant, thank you for these videos!
You're welcome!
Did the Marajoara utilize terra preta soil technique or was that only done more inland? Great video btw
Thank you. No, the Marajoara people never created or used terra prieta.
I learned a lot from my ancestors! My mom was born in Marajó. Thank you.
The ceramics are gorgeous. I have seen in person.
Yes they are! I need to see them some day in person.
This Channel, makes me travel in another world, i love it.
Just discovered your channel and as a Peruvian, I'm so glad I did! I don't see much information online on anything besides the Incas Mayans and Aztecs and a few others, and the topic of ancient America intrigues me so much, entire civilizations, kingdoms and empires lost to imperialist europe
Stick around for more!
ah... to be first.
Bask in your glory!
Thank you for the video. A contribution: the fish depicted at 17:33 is the pirarucu (arapaima in english). It is the largest fresh water fish in the world, growing about 2 meters long. It is not found in the Marajó Island region because its habitat is that of calm waters without floating sediments. As you pointed out in your video the location occupied by the Marajoara is rich in sediments and in a variety of marine life, but the sediment, salt water and strong currents are not adequate for that particular species' habitat.
Thank you! Yeah, I just used random amazonian fish that had good pictures. I'm no biologist and had no clue about the specifics of the fish.
Fine without visuals - thank you SO MUCH for covering such an obscure topic.
You're welcome!
The rivers, oceans, seas, creeks, ponds, lagoons, caves, coves, tunnels, slides, tubes, and bridges offer lots of passages yeah
I would love more videos on Amazonian cultures. It’s one of those areas I know so very little about. Thank you for this one!
Stay well out there everybody, and God bless you friends. :)
There will be more to come!
Thank you for these videos. So fascinating!
Hoping to get a video soon on the 'black earth' settlements
I'd really love to see an ancient americas video on the Tupi-guarani people, it would be a bit out of the usual since they were more of a group of closely linked tribes than what is usually seen as a civilization, but their shear acomplishments in ocupying most of what is today's Brazil and Paraguay, as well as their interresting belief systems (especially) on death make me really think they deserve an episode.
Hopefully I can cover them someday!
Amazing! I'm brazilian and did not learn about them at school at all...
Thanks Radagast! Send Gandalf my regards when you see him next!
These videos have been amazing man. Please keep it up
Thank you Vercingetorix! Give those Romans hell.
Hi! I’m an avid enjoyer of various types of history content. I’m very pleased to have found your channel and in such because I see wonderful content from you in the future I’d like to point out my 2 favorite things about your style and 2 criticisms that I think could help improve you. Like I said I’m very pleased with your content so far and that mostly has to do with your concisely wrapped up presentation. I feel you spend the right amount of time on topics before switching the focus a bit. I’m also a fan of the more simplistic style of your video in terms of visuals.
Going off that previous comment I do think it would benefit you to highlight the areas the civilization/ culture you’re talking about was predominantly located. Or since that it sometimes hard to define dark color where it’s for sure and a lighter shade around that and where we also know they may have been.
Another criticism is while I wouldn’t exactly label you as monotone you tend to stay at one pitch and one pitch only a lot. It’s not a bad pitch but there’s little emotion other than joy when it comes to major breakthroughs.
That’s all other than that amazing channel I hope you keep up the great work! I could really see you blowing up soon. Maybe check out History with Cy, I got his vibes off your videos so far and that’s not a bad thing, frankly I think a collaborative video between you two would be amazing. I can really see you two replacing the go to history videos and PowerPoints of my school days for your areas of the world respectively.
Thank you! I appreciate the feedback!
Really good video. I can only listen while working, rather than watching, and this - like other good documentaries - works well as a radio programme.
Thank you - and subscribed!
I absolutely love your channel and really appreciate the shared love for ancient american history. I highly suggest you look up iron of the Pacific Northwest if you wanna fall down an interesting rabbit hole
Thank you! We'll definitely cover that at some point!
@@AncientAmericas please let me know if you'd like quick access to what seem to be the most relevant pieces of information and evidence around the topic, I had a ted youth talk planned but cancelled because of the pandemic, I'd just love to see this information shared on such big platform as yours
Randomly came across this channel and I have now subscribed, this is great!
Thank you!
I lived in a state very close to this island for 18 years, it's called Amapá (it can be seen in the map showed in the video, it's on the top left) and it shares practically the same culture and archeology, ask me anything.
8:35 Wow... that clay urn... its literally just like a Haniwa from japan!
I finally know SOMETHING about that island I always look at on maps and google earth and go “thats an interesting island, i wonder what goes on there”
Wow Wow WOW I'm so happy to have discovered this channel!!!!
I'm happy you discovered it too.
Wow, great video, it's nice that we can find content like this in internet, since most of brazilian schools tend not to give enough attention to topics like this, and a pronunciation tip, Marajó island is said like "Ma-rah-joh", the "ó" in Marajó denotes a stronger tone in this syllable
Thank you! And yes, Portuguese is an unfamiliar language to me so my pronunciation isn't the best.
listening to Sepultura "Roots Bloody Roots" will never be the same again
Aguirre has ALWAYS been one of my all time faves.
It's a good one!
A really interesting culture.
Feels pretty nice learning about the IRL history of one of the current frontrunners in the CBRX S2
So glad I found a place to learn about the pre-Columbian Americas.
19:47 We still consume "mandioca" in brazilian portuguese. With it it is made "tapioca" that today is consumed in almost the whole country. Had it for breakfast this morning.
I have been reading about David Good, Yanamami American. His father is an explorer & anthropologist who met the Venezuelan Yanamami 35 some years ago. He, David, has his own RUclips channel & has been very honest how he managed & mismanaged his assimilation into the Yanamami family, as a grown man. He still makes trips back & continues his work in Biology there & in his US job/home.
Also, David is honest about how his Mom managed her assimilation into US culture, with her marriage & children, & why she returned to her Yanamami people/family.
I would love to see a "Mexican" Style MesoAmerican Step Pyramid found on Marajo island. Not very likely, but I can hope. Sorry, I couldn't think of a better term for the step pyramids the Maya, Aztec, Toltec, etc...were so fond of.
That'd sure be something.
If you haven't already subscribe. This channel ROCKS.
Thank you!
Love your channel. Wish you would do an episode on Cahokia
Cahokia is definitely on the radar. Fear not!
One thing to think about, and maybe you already know this, but Malaria and yellow fever didn't exist in the Amazon (or the Americas in general) prior to European contact. I think that's the source of a lot of the "hostility" of the Amazon today. Very true on the poor soils though, and will be interested to see episodes on Terra preta and Manioc. :)
YAAAAAY always excited to see a video from u :-)
Always excited to see a comment this quick!
I study indigenous Guaraní peoples and cultures, so it’s great hearing about neighboring civilizations and related peoples.
Cassava called maniota has been grown on pacific islands for thousands of years, along with sweet potato called kumara and potatoes of all colours called peruperu. Also corn called kānga, yams, and taro, and some gourds
Loved the video and learning about a culture I had never heard of. Is it possible you could look into a future video on the Yaghan people and other native people's of southern Argentina/Chile? I find that regions history really fascinating
Thank you. I would like to someday!
As a south american i love that this channel exists, could you do a video about the taironas or the muiscas?
Yes, I would love but unfortunately, find english language sources for those cultures are extremely difficult to find. I've had my eye on the Muisca for over a year and I cannot find a single work about them in English.
Very interesting, I live here and I hope you make some visit, greetings from Portel-PA
I'd love to travel there someday!
Does anyone know of any other videos on cultures from the Amazon that are good I need more the history of the Amazon is cool.
Glad to have found this channel. Earned my sub, keep up the great work!
Thank you!
Great channel! I studied History of the Americas, at U of San Diego and love your videos
Thank you! I'm glad you're enjoying them.
2022-06-01 I saw an article, yesterday, maybe on Yahoo News or MS Start, that scientists using LIDAR discovered a significant city buried under the Amazon jungle. Don't remember details. But it was stunning size & complexity.
Are you commenting from the future?? But seriously, I did see that announcement. Super cool!
Concerning that firing would have been in the dry season and how time consuming carving is, I’d imagine that they did planning, pigment preparation and carving of ceramics during the wet season
Brazilian historian here. I believe unfortunately there isn't an English translation of the archeologist Madu Gaspar's book Sambaqui: arqueologia do litoral brasileiro, a prime source for scholars and undergraduate students for the study of prehistoric groupings in Brazil. The closest translation of the term "Sambaqui" I came across was "Midden". "Sambaqui" is actually an indigenous word for "pile of shells". These enormous mounts of literal trash, shells, bones, food waste and lithics; some are as tall as 40m (131 feet) and as wide as 400m (1312feet). There have been accounts and studies about similar groupments in Chile, the US, Peru, Spain... I would love to see this incredible piece of our oldest ancestors' history being featured on this channel.
I really appreciate your feedback. I do want to return to the Amazon sooner rather than later. Is there a good translated work that you could recommend? Also, is this limited to a specific area in the Amazon?
@@AncientAmericas actually, the majority of the samples are sprayed through the coast of Brazil, although there are some in the Amazon. Most of them consisted of burial sites, and some were active for over a millennium.
@@AncientAmericas If you're interested in the Amazonian Middens you might want to check the state of Pará, in the city of Quatipuru. There's an important site there called Porto da Mina (Mine's Port).
I'm trying to cite sources here but my comments keep disappearing (at least for me), no idea why.
One more go:
Gaspar, M.D., DeBlasis, P., Fish, S.K., Fish, P.R. (2008). Sambaqui (Shell Mound) Societies of Coastal Brazil. In: Silverman, H., Isbell, W.H. (eds) The Handbook of South American Archaeology. Springer, New York, NY.
DEBLASIS, P.; FISH, P.; GASPAR, M; FISH, S. Some References for the Discussion of Complexity Among the Sambaqui Moundbuilders from the Southern Shores of Brazil. Revista de Arqueologia Americana. México, D.F. 15, p. 75-106, 1998.
ROOSEVELT, A.; HOUSLEY, R.; IMAZIO-SILVEIRA, M.; MARANCA, S; JOHNSON, R. Eighth Millennium Pottery from a Prehistoric Shell Midden in the Brazilian Amazon. Science. 254, 13, p. 1621-1624, 1991.
Please, RUclips lords, allow this comment to exist.
I'm really looking forward to more Amazonian culture videos
Great video. I live in the amazon forest and I am happy to see this we rarily see this kinds of videos. By the way it would interesting if you were to make a video about the Tupi-Guarani because when people talk about the natives of south americas they only think of the Incas.
Thank you. I'd like to cover the Tupi-Guarani someday.
love it. hope you talk about agro ecology / permaculture in future Amazon videos! if u really wanna be edgy check out Terrence McKenna's theories on how ayahuasca helped Amazonians achieve the social harmony needed to meet the demands of the poor soil
Thank you!
Love your work! Keep it up!
Thank you!