Vickers' Unfairly Abandoned "Tin Mosquito": Vickers Type 432

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  • Опубликовано: 26 ноя 2024

Комментарии • 339

  • @olliea6052
    @olliea6052 3 дня назад +44

    First time i heard of an all metal Mosquito!
    Cheers! 👍😄

    • @jpdj2715
      @jpdj2715 3 дня назад +4

      It's not. Just twin-engined British, too.

    • @Dave5843-d9m
      @Dave5843-d9m 21 час назад

      It was a metal aircraft designed to fill the same space as the Mosquito.
      It’s a shame UK didn’t built two of either type for every heavy they actually built. These would have delivered similar bomb loads with the same number of engines and far fewer crew put at risk.

    • @jpdj2715
      @jpdj2715 21 час назад

      @@Dave5843-d9m - but the wooden Mosquitoes had a much smaller radar profile than metal planes - they were stealth in a sense.

    • @TheRealBigfeet
      @TheRealBigfeet 9 часов назад

      I’m confused Geoffrey De Havilland. built the mosquito, the Vickers companies version was called the twin spitfire because as you see in your photos it took Mitchell’s elipticle wing put a pair of Merlin’s in it in its original spec and griffons in a later spec I think both companies worked on a version of the hornet but it was scrapped as jets had come on line by then, so why do you call it a Mossie while other videos I’ve watched including a programme on the spitfire and its various marks showed a prototype twin spit in photos. It was the early 80s and all my mind was filled with aeroplanes of the RAF in WW2 and Lorrie’s, cars, tanks,motorbikes and the SR4 hovercraft we went to France on, but the twin spit story stuck and I got books in later years mostly spitfire books but all referred to the twin spit never the twin Mossie or metal mosquito some (I believe call it the hornet mistakenly) so I hope you can see why I’m confused , you call it a tin Mosquito and me a mossaholic have never heard of a mosquito design by Vickers only by De Havilland, while I believe thousands were made I don’t believe any were built by Vickers, I will admit a quick search didn’t turn up much only most of the pictures used by yourself when put in twin spit or mosquito but none suggested it was made by Vickers as all there factories were take up building spitfires, seafires, and 1 or 2 others like a jet I can’t quite remember as it was soon dropped in favour of the meteor and vampire fighters,
      Are you and possibly others attempting to give a aeroplane that is a spot on butt of history a legends name which let’s face it the wooden wonder was, while the twin spit didn’t get any where beyond prototyping old doesn’t A. Deserve to loose its own name and B.really does not deserve the name given to the Mosquito (also called wooden Wonder), if you know your mosquito history De Havillands built the Mossie from plywood for 2 reasons for 2 reasons it could be made in Canada and the US and Australia very easily, it wouldn’t tax the metal industry at the time pumping thousands of tons a of metal components into Britains great industrial complex.
      De Havilland developed it out wood then after it flew the initial scepticism of the air ministry caused them to send a requirement for an aircraft that was like the mosquito, once they really knew how special she was they tried mounting alsorts, but one of the best in my opinion was the long range naval version that was equipped with extra life rafts as well as a torpedo and depth charges, there used to be a small display of items and photos at Yeovilton air station. It was my favourite as my Uncle flew different aeroplanes for coastal during the war as well as blenheims for bomber command and wellingtons, (which is what got him transferred to coastal, they needed experienced crews he’d been in pre war and as a flight engineer/second pilot he qualified to be upgraded to pilot.. I hope you can see why I’m struggling here as for 40 odd years of reading books and listening to wireless programs and tv programs, as well as now YT content and especially with YT there is some in my opinion some very badly researched vids that seem to confuse some types of aeroplanes with others, there’s also some ripping great stuff I site Andrew Morton, his aviation stuff is good and Rex’s hangar is good, the best is the imperial war museum, there are others but there names escape me if I find them I will add them later.

  • @doberski6855
    @doberski6855 День назад +5

    Very informative indeed thanks. One of the other nails in the coffin of the Vickers design was how versatile the De Havilland Mosquito airframe turned out to be. As the air ministry wanted new options, De Havilland was able to adapt the Mosquito to fit the job. Including a version fitted with a 6 pounder cannon for anti ship, and ground attack, produced near the end of the war. As for high altitude heavy fighter option which the Mosquito could already do. I think the P-38 from Lockheed being available, didn't help Vickers chances of getting a build order as well. Far as I have ever heard, the only real issue with the Mosquito from De Havilland, was they could not produce them fast enough to meet the demand.

    • @harryricochet8134
      @harryricochet8134 День назад +3

      They struck some issues in the South Pacific with catastrophic failures caused by delamination which resulted from the climate weakening the adhesives.

  • @johnjettfothergill4231
    @johnjettfothergill4231 3 дня назад +5

    Thanks! Never heard of this dude, and I've been around a while now. Wow, what a laugh that projected top speed of 435mph was! I thought- On two 1,500 horse Merlins, in an AC that was a ton heavier (less armament) than the DH-98, I'll bet top speed will be somewhere around 360-380. As you later revealed, I made an accurate guess! Thanks again, great watch!

  • @Fedaykin24
    @Fedaykin24 3 дня назад +40

    The Vickers Type 432 was not cancelled due to the British hating metal which is a rather absurd observation even if meant tongue in cheek. This is an interesting analysis but it misses out on the context of the time and the Elephant in the room which I will get to. Firstly as already noted the British already had the Mosquito capable of performing many of the roles the 432 was designed for adequately, wasting resources and pushing another similar type into service was not a good idea. If it had been developed quicker, they may have attempted to rectify issues and push into service but by then, it would have given them an aircraft soon to be rendered obsolete, leading me to the Elephant in the room. The fact is by December 1942 when the 432 first flew the first jet flight had happened a year earlier and the Gloster Meteor was deep into development and only a few months from its first flight. It is hardly surprising that the ministry lost interest in the 432 so quickly, unless it worked perfectly from the first flight there was absolutely no need to spend any more resources on it! The Type 432 was a residual 1939 specification in development that was soon to be rendered obsolete, they already had adequate twin-engine types for the moment in the form of the Mosquito and the Bristol Beaufighter. The Meteor outclasses the Type 432 in nearly every metric except probably range, the Ministry pulled the plug quickly as there was no further need to develop the Type 432 as by the time production facilities had been established and tooling prepared for its production it would have been obsolete as a design taking valuable aircraft grade aluminum away from the production of the first jet fighters.

    • @alanmcentee9457
      @alanmcentee9457 2 дня назад +10

      Just to add to your analysis, Vickers had their foot in several war projects. I believe the War Ministry would want Vickers to concentrate their resources, including R&D and manufacturing, to projects with a higher priority. That would include ground (Army) equipment.
      Britain had the Beaufighter already, the Mosquito was showing a lot of promise, plus they had access to multiple American aircraft (P-39, B-25, and A-20) that were becoming available. So this may have been more a case of wasting resources on duplication than just a problematic design.

    • @thephilpott2194
      @thephilpott2194 2 дня назад +5

      He was....joking. Just a modern media style, i find it quite engaging. It's obvious that he's aware of most if not all of the dynamics you mention. A similar death knell was dealt to the Westland Whirlwind which was deemed rather good by test pilots, but various circs saw it being retired in short order.

    • @alanmcentee9457
      @alanmcentee9457 2 дня назад +4

      @@thephilpott2194
      Not trying to argue, however off the top of my head/memory the Whirlwind was very costly and complicated to build.

    • @uflux
      @uflux День назад +3

      And of course the German high altitude bomber threat never really materialised

    • @rsdavies6088
      @rsdavies6088 День назад

      Seen it said elsewhere that it took ​6 hours and a crane to change a wheel on a whirlwind compared to 20 minutes and a jack for a mosquito@alanmcentee9457

  • @EbenBransome
    @EbenBransome 3 дня назад +47

    "A 40mm cannon. Is it accurate?"
    "Not really, we're relying on enemy pilots sh**ting themselves and losing control".

    • @johnwh1039
      @johnwh1039 3 дня назад +4

      When he said it was tested on a Wimpy I half expected to hear that, at the very least. it came back banana shaped. I worked at RAF Cosford for a time, they have a Mosquito painted to look like Gibsons, and in a display beside it was a Molins 57mm gun used in a handful of Tsetse versions. If you look at it you cant help but wonder about the wisdom of strapping it to an aircraft made basically from a few planks of plywood,

    • @gingernutpreacher
      @gingernutpreacher День назад

      ​@@johnwh1039 other sources say it was 56mm or was it a size in between?

    • @starsailor49
      @starsailor49 День назад

      Far more likely they were filling the air with so much Lead there was no room for the enemy?

    • @doberski6855
      @doberski6855 День назад +2

      😂 Well they were meant for ground strike, so hitting within a four foot radius on a ship, train, tank, or fortification would have been pretty good and would have had a bowel loosening effect on any enemy troops in the area of impact!

    • @EbenBransome
      @EbenBransome День назад +1

      @@doberski6855 Of course you are correct, but the joke didn't work that way.

  • @KevinBower-gy5be
    @KevinBower-gy5be 4 дня назад +148

    Any Mosquito fans who haven't seen the 1964 movie '633 Squadron' owe it to themselves to seek it out. Pre-CGI and using no scale models, eight (- yes, EIGHT) original airworthy Mosquitos were used for filming. Easily as good a period war movie as 'The Battle of Britain' or 'The Dambusters'.

    • @patrickcardon1643
      @patrickcardon1643 4 дня назад +10

      Great movies from another era. Timeless and a joy to see the real planes

    • @fredtedstedman
      @fredtedstedman 4 дня назад +1

      ooooooh yeeeeeeeah !

    • @vinceely2906
      @vinceely2906 4 дня назад +5

      Da, da, da, da, da, da, der…

    • @michaelgautreaux3168
      @michaelgautreaux3168 4 дня назад

      👍👍

    • @billy.g3597
      @billy.g3597 4 дня назад +11

      The musical score for 633 Squadron was written by Ron Goodwin. It has the best and most memorable theme music, of any war movie...

  • @boboala1
    @boboala1 2 дня назад +3

    I enjoyed this video, and learned something, and I appreciate your time/research on this unique plane!

  • @Dave5843-d9m
    @Dave5843-d9m 21 час назад +4

    Mosquito was made from tel layers of thin birch plywood (1/16 inch I believe) separated by a balsa wood core. It was extremely strong but degraded quite quickly with weathering. Tropical conditions were especially destructive to the airframes. This is why there are almost no surviving originals.

  • @PaulMcElligott
    @PaulMcElligott 3 дня назад +62

    Type 420? The very high altitude version? Very, very high?

    • @jehb8945
      @jehb8945 3 дня назад +7

      LMFAO thanks for beating me literally to the punchline on that

    • @sugarnads
      @sugarnads День назад +1

      Americans...

    • @jehb8945
      @jehb8945 День назад +2

      @@sugarnads hey are sense of humor is the least dangerous thing about us

    • @sugarnads
      @sugarnads День назад +2

      @jehb8945 that the rest of the world has little idea wtf youre talking about.

  • @geordiedog1749
    @geordiedog1749 3 дня назад +5

    Love you vids mate.
    Can I just quickly stamp on this idea that nothing happened once war was declared in sept ‘39 until spring 1940. For example, If you spoke to the colliers on the East Coast convoys you”d hear that the war started even before the declaration as they were ordered to travel in convoys when the emergency started. This led to an increased risk of collision. These ships sailed up and down the east coast of Britain bringing coal from the North East and Scotland to the South East / London. This coal was essential for industry and the sheer amount (70,000 tonnes a week) meant that it was ships that carried it as the rail net work couldn’t hope to carry it all. The Germans attacked these convoys from day one and the escorts available to protect them was paltry and aircover non existent almost. As a result they suffered terrible loss to mines, S Boats and air attacks. Elsewhere the RN (the senior service, just sayin’:) were fighting u boats and commerce raiders (Graff Spee for eg) and it was all far from a “Phoney War” for these guys.
    My mates grandfather was on the North Sea East coast convoys first as an engineer on a collier and then as a RNPS gunner. I remember he told us that they were given one Savage Gun welded on to the bridge to fight off the Luftwaffe with. He said they had this 17 year old boy as a mate on board who turned out to be an unbelievable shot with this thing. He would start to shot at the planes when they were way off but he’d aim hi and get a parabolic trajectory this the attacking planes would be struck as the rounds descended. My mates grandfather reckons it made them think a fighter was attacking them as the fire was coming from above them. He said that they’d often pull sharply away.

  • @brookeshenfield7156
    @brookeshenfield7156 3 дня назад +4

    I always look forward to “Hey, everyone, how’s it going?”. Mahalo for your work, and Aloha!

  • @deltavee2
    @deltavee2 2 дня назад +2

    Just an aside: Tin was known and traded as far south as the Mediterranean from before the Roman invasion. It was known as "The British Metal" and was a valuable trade item.
    Thanks for the low-down on a model of the Mossie I'd never heard of.
    Cheers from Ontario, CDA

  • @MrCateagle
    @MrCateagle 3 дня назад +10

    According to Tony Buttler's book, the Type 432 had a number of problems that were difficult to resolve.

  • @baanibarnes9711
    @baanibarnes9711 2 дня назад +3

    That moveable 40mm cannon would have been a bit unnerving to fire fully raised! Imagine the pitch issues and just how would you aim it stuck out in front of the nose, the test you mention says it all!

  • @dude126
    @dude126 День назад +3

    Never heard of this aircraft. Thank you.

  • @StevenHoman
    @StevenHoman День назад +3

    The Mosquito and the Hornet, were two of the most beautiful of aircraft of WWII. Both by De-Havilland Aircraft.

  • @moosifer3321
    @moosifer3321 3 дня назад +9

    Hardly surprising considering the Competition! Vickers already had a valuable project in constructing the proven Wellington.

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 2 дня назад

      @@moosifer3321 it tried a couple of times, to slightly different specifications, to improve on it, but never quite got it right

  • @spritbong5285
    @spritbong5285 День назад +4

    The cockpit, nose fuselage and tail,, of the 432, bear a very close resemblance to the legendary Canberra jet.

  • @Djeseret
    @Djeseret 2 дня назад +6

    Well, we also have the interesting, and often forgotten, de Havilland Hornet.

  • @turbogerbil2935
    @turbogerbil2935 День назад +2

    Not surprising it was cancelled. By 1943 the Welkin and Meteor were flying and developing well, and by 1944 the Hornet. Meanwhile the Mosquito had proved itself as a heavy gun platform and the defensive heavy fighter requirement diminished considerably. By mid 1944 it was obvious that the Meteor would render all prop fighters obsolete.

  • @Suprahampton
    @Suprahampton День назад +2

    The irony being that a varient of the Mosquito had a 6lb gun for tankbusting and anti-submarine use

  • @peterclark6290
    @peterclark6290 3 дня назад +3

    Any story involving the WW2 British Air Ministry is instructive for one reason. Bureaucrats are compelled to make improbable requests in order to retain the balance of power in their favour. As a gigantic contrast is the example of Beaverbrook who took (from the records) exactly no prisoners. Anybody's continued involvement depended solely on demonstrable performance. Not a recipe for making friends but he had an over-abundance of real enemies. From another perspective, being selected to join a Ministry is rarely based on a proven record in real world applications. Could he have done both (design, modifications and production)? We'll never know, Winnie the Pooh never tried too hard to surround himself with competency, unless forced.

  • @davidjernigan8161
    @davidjernigan8161 4 дня назад +32

    It just doesn't look right. The tail looks too small, wings too far forward nacelles too bulky, and fuselage too fat

    • @mandolinic
      @mandolinic 3 дня назад +1

      Presumably they did wind tunnel testing??

    • @busterdee8228
      @busterdee8228 3 дня назад +4

      Tails always seem to be the first thing enlarged--after slick radiators shed wishful thinking.

    • @johnreed8336
      @johnreed8336 3 дня назад +1

      If it looks right it is right .

    • @alanmcentee9457
      @alanmcentee9457 2 дня назад +1

      @@johnreed8336
      Two rights still don't equal a simple left.

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 2 дня назад +1

      @@davidjernigan8161 looks better than the Windsor!

  • @rokuth
    @rokuth 3 дня назад +2

    It looks like a mash-up of a Spitfire (wing shape) and a Mosquito (vertical and horizontal stabilizers). Something that they discovered with the Typhoon/Tempest fighters is that a longer fuselage does lend itself to longitudinal stability. The issues with the Typhoon's tail catastrophic failures in flight disappeared with the Tempest and its longer fuselage. From the shape of the fuselage of the Vickers 438, it looks "too tubby" compared to the Mosquito's fuselage. Reminds me of the old adage, "If it looks right..." The 438 did not "look right" IMHO.

  • @dimitrihayez6502
    @dimitrihayez6502 3 дня назад +15

    Specification F.6/39 make me think about the Whirlwind except it was a single seater. (lets mention his high altitude brother, the Welkin)

    • @EVISEH
      @EVISEH 3 дня назад +3

      The Westland Whirlwind was a private venture begun in the 1930s by Westland. Like the Vickers project, it was hampered by its engines, in it's case, the Rolls Royce Pegerine, which left the aircraft under powered. The Welkin, which is considered by many as being essentially an enlarged high attitude version of the Whirlwind was not a success because by the the time it materialized,, it was no longer needed for the role it had originally been conceived for.

    • @dimitrihayez6502
      @dimitrihayez6502 3 дня назад +2

      @@EVISEH I heard that the Peregrine was'n''t the biggest problem of the WW but the ineficient radiators that overheat the engines and the propellers was indequate. They've used the Hamilton wich worked fine on the first prototype and then swapped to De Havilland wich gived far less good performances
      (I hope my english is not to bad english).

    • @mpetersen6
      @mpetersen6 2 дня назад +2

      Being the only aircraft that used the Peregrine the engine was always going to be sucking hind teat in terms of development. The later Welkin proved to be not needed. This Vickers design to me seems aimed at much the same role.

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 2 дня назад

      @@EVISEH I thought it was to F.37/35. I've never heard of it being a private venture. The Mosquito was, if only for about a month.

    • @EVISEH
      @EVISEH День назад +1

      @@dimitrihayez6502 The Peregrine was a development of the RR KESTRAL and essentially was a supercharched version of that engine. Supercharging the engine did not yield the higher horsepower RR had hoped for , resulting in RR stopping development and production of the engine The Whirlwind was specifically designed around using the Perigrine, unfortantly the engine was unable to realise its potential , leaving the Whirlwind seriously under powered.

  • @jaex9617
    @jaex9617 3 дня назад +5

    Crushing it with the Dad jokes. 🙏🏼

  • @GosWardHen98
    @GosWardHen98 День назад +1

    Interesting to know manufacturing projects were on similar lines. I suppose if Vickers had used wood, ply, etc, their plane might have been a cert. You have to admit the DeHavilland Mosquito was a tremendous aircraft. 😢

  • @bremnersghost948
    @bremnersghost948 3 дня назад +8

    If I should ever be lucky enough to win the Euromillions Jackpot, I would learn to fly and have a late War spec Mosquito built as my personal plane, would also use some of that money to buy a lot of spare engines from Rolls Royce for all the planes in the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight and any to cover personal future needs.

    • @johnreed8336
      @johnreed8336 3 дня назад +2

      Good luck . I hope you do win and then able to carry out your dream wishes .

    • @stevena9305
      @stevena9305 2 дня назад

      RR don’t sell that kind of engine any more lol!

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 2 дня назад

      @@bremnersghost948 my old friend at the BBMF would probably like this very much. I'd probably go with a Dragon Rapide, though, and a Sunderland.

    • @bremnersghost948
      @bremnersghost948 2 дня назад

      @@wbertie2604 a Sunderland would be good, Mrs could use it for shopping ;-)

    • @bremnersghost948
      @bremnersghost948 2 дня назад +1

      @@stevena9305 they make them as a special order for the BBMF, win the Euromillions and Rolls Royce would fall over themselves to oblige such a significant order.

  • @marcbrasse747
    @marcbrasse747 2 дня назад +1

    Not wanting to point out US preoccupation with its own airplane history (well, actually I do) but here in Europe the Mosquito is considered to be one of the true WW2 classics. The 432 is however indeed an unknown identity. Which is a shame because it looks like a Mosquito with extra muscles. I love it. 😁

  • @stephengardiner9867
    @stephengardiner9867 3 дня назад +12

    "Unfairly abandoned"... hardly. The Mosquito was in full production (also in Canada and eventually Australia as well), available, and proved that it could do everything that the Vickers aircraft could (even eventually carrying a larger caliber weapon) without cutting into the supply of metals and alloys required for other aircraft manufacture. It was doing this with the same Merlins that were not quite up to snuff in propelling the heavier Vickers aircraft. One must take into account the fact that the various British aircraft industries had more than enough on their plates simply working with and improving existing types and building other companies' types under license. The "Tin Mosquito" simply wasn't a priority and would have been a waste of resources had it continued into production. Now had it been seriously and massively redesigned (early on) as a high level interceptor or a two seater night fighter/intruder it might have found a suitable role.

    • @hoilst265
      @hoilst265 3 дня назад +2

      Yup. Why would you produce a plane that's just a clone (more or less) of an existing wooden aircraft, except it uses material that is actually war-critical and could be used for Spitfires and Lancasters?
      The best thing about the Mossie was its design and logistics - and that fantastic performance and versatility was the brilliant icing on the cake.

    • @tedarcher9120
      @tedarcher9120 3 дня назад

      Would have been a much better idea to produce it instead of Lancasters

    • @DanRyan-v5y
      @DanRyan-v5y 3 дня назад +3

      ​@@tedarcher9120 not really, because they were designed for different roles. One a fighter, one a heavy bomber. The mosquito spanned between these extremes because it was an exceptional aircraft and also originally a bomber

    • @tedarcher9120
      @tedarcher9120 3 дня назад +1

      @DanRyan-v5y as a night bomber Mosquito was much better

    • @alanmcentee9457
      @alanmcentee9457 2 дня назад +1

      @@hoilst265
      Why build a competing design? There were a few British designs that they kept going even though it was obvious they were inferior to other craft. The Halifax bomber is just one.

  • @smithy2389
    @smithy2389 3 дня назад +5

    This video is a bit harsh on the initial mosquitoes. It did have a few minor issues with buffeting, but it wasn't unstable. It flew well right off the bat. The fact this aircraft didn't fly well straight away and cooks the merlin 61 when other designs didn't suggest the vickers was a bit of a pig 😅

    • @BarryOLaith-m8e
      @BarryOLaith-m8e День назад

      I believe there were problems initially with the type of wood glue used in the construction of the Mosquito, and failures occurred in the wing tips which would come off in flight. Sadly I think this resuted in some fatalities, perhaps during prototype testing, not sure.

  • @iskandartaib
    @iskandartaib 3 дня назад +2

    Somewhere on the Internet is a drawing of a "Spitfire Zwilling". I wonder how one would have performed. This plane reminds me of that.

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 2 дня назад +1

      @@iskandartaib there was the Supermarine 313 - not a Zwilling, but pretty close to a twin-engined Spitfire.

  • @DanRyan-v5y
    @DanRyan-v5y 3 дня назад +1

    Interesting wing form on the first iteration, banana shaped and forward swept.later iterations still had odd wingforms. Maybe that is why they were unstable?
    Interesting also that the griffon eas available so early on.
    Nice video , never heard of this before

    • @EVISEH
      @EVISEH 3 дня назад

      Design work on the Griffon started in 1938 with early production beginning in 1940

  • @paulgibbons2320
    @paulgibbons2320 3 дня назад +4

    Typoon, Tempest, and Whirlwind were all designed in metal. Mosquito was just unusually useful in its wooden form. British put out plenty of metal frames.

    • @neilmchardy9061
      @neilmchardy9061 3 дня назад +2

      The whirlwind was a potential fighter just needed better engines. With Merlin’s it would have been a devastating piece of kit.

    • @paulgibbons2320
      @paulgibbons2320 3 дня назад +2

      @neilmchardy9061 Out of date before its test flight, unfortunately. They knew jets were coming.

    • @JohnSmith-ei2pz
      @JohnSmith-ei2pz 3 дня назад

      @@neilmchardy9061 Outdated technology!

  • @fooman2108
    @fooman2108 3 дня назад +1

    The initial versions of the Griffon were not reliable with oiling/cooling problems initially. By the time the Vickers had been production slowed down, Spitfire were gobbling the vast majority of Griffon production.

  • @coreyandnathanielchartier3749
    @coreyandnathanielchartier3749 3 дня назад +4

    Wood construction is not necessarily lighter than metal construction. At any rate, I don't see that this plane has any special capabilities that couldn't be met by the Beaufighter or Mosquito. I'm immediately struck by a very small tail feathers. My guess is that this plane would be 'dodgey' if flown on one engine or asked to recover from a spin. Add to all of this, an Air Ministry that changes it's mind as often as most people change socks. Very interesting article, though.

    • @mpetersen6
      @mpetersen6 2 дня назад

      And carbon fiber composite is not necessarily lighter than aluminum/aluminium. The BD-5J that Anheuser Busch had built back in the 80s was built locally. For some reason they wanted it built out of carbon fiber or at least parts of it. The builder did as they asked plus built aluminum/aluminium parts as well. The metal parts were lighter. Now this may have been due in part to the builder not being familiar with carbon fiber. But he did have extensive experience in composite construction with fiberglass.

  • @Zbigniew_Nowak
    @Zbigniew_Nowak 4 дня назад +6

    Interesting, I didn't know this "version" of this plane.

    • @onenote6619
      @onenote6619 4 дня назад

      Not a version. Entirely different.

    • @Zbigniew_Nowak
      @Zbigniew_Nowak 4 дня назад

      @@onenote6619 This is why " " ;)

  • @markturner5979
    @markturner5979 3 дня назад +10

    Why oh why didn't they just persist with the Whirlwind?

    • @waynec3563
      @waynec3563 3 дня назад +7

      Rolls-Royce stopped making the Peregrine and the Whirlwind wasn't strong enough to use Merlins without major redesign.
      Westland did get a contract to build the Welkin, a high altitude fighter fitted with cannon and 2 stage Merlins, like the Type 432.

    • @johnjettfothergill4231
      @johnjettfothergill4231 2 дня назад

      @markturner5979 That is a very sentimental thought. However, I believe that what @waynec3563 said has some truth to it. Nobody won in the end but, The Whirlwind was 'potential looking' attractive!

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 2 дня назад

      @@waynec3563 also, they managed to get Spitfires and Mosquitos up to Ju-86 altitudes at which point the threat vanished. With the Spitfire VI and VII it would be possible to deal with future threats. They did build a few Welkins just in case

  • @charlescoulson
    @charlescoulson 2 дня назад +1

    Many many years later I was posted to another Vickers Type. Suffice to say they built better ships than aeroplanes. Indeed the punka louvre on the flight deck proudly bore the name of its manufacturer.,Vickers Marine Co. Ltd. 'nuf said?

  • @peterhoulis1184
    @peterhoulis1184 День назад +1

    Great looking plane

  • @ealingwest5750
    @ealingwest5750 День назад

    Thank you for pointing out my distinct lack of knowledge in British WW2 fighter aircraft and to rub salt in the wound it took a Yank to do it.

  • @phillee2814
    @phillee2814 4 дня назад +9

    It looks far more like an attempt at a twin-engined Spitfire, probably designed by a committee, and with all the problems and eventual outcome that entails.

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 3 дня назад

      There was a Supermarine design that was in essence a twin engined Spitfire. The Vickers is huge in comparison

    • @BearfootBob
      @BearfootBob 3 дня назад +2

      What is a camel?

    • @JohnSmith-ei2pz
      @JohnSmith-ei2pz 3 дня назад

      @@BearfootBob Camel toe?

    • @BearfootBob
      @BearfootBob 3 дня назад +1

      @@JohnSmith-ei2pz A camel is a horse designed by committee

  • @waynec3563
    @waynec3563 3 дня назад +3

    The 40mm cannon on the Wellington was testing possible new defensive turret armament for bombers.
    There was a similar arrangemnet proposed with 4 x 20mm cannon, and another with a turret above and below the fuselage with 4 x 20mm each.

    • @alanpennie8013
      @alanpennie8013 3 дня назад

      The Wellington was an amazingly versatile platform.

  • @elennapointer701
    @elennapointer701 3 дня назад +13

    To me it seems most likely that the Type 432 was abandoned not because of what it could or couldn't do, but because the Mosquito was already doing those things. Unless the Type 432 could offer some radical improvements over the established Mosquito design that was already in mass production, there would be little point to proceeding with this aircraft because it would lead to a duplication of effort and a diversion of resources for no apparent or immediate gain. Put simply, it was unnecessary for the war effort, so it was cancelled.

    • @barrybend7189
      @barrybend7189 3 дня назад +1

      Put two Turbocharged twin wasp radials and see if it's improved.

    • @alanmcentee9457
      @alanmcentee9457 2 дня назад +3

      @@barrybend7189
      It is never that simple. Changing the engines usually requires a redesign of the wings and wing location as the center of gravity is upset. Plus, the Wasps were in demand in America for all the planes using it there. The Bristol Hercules would have been more readily available and within the War Department's control.

  • @LezDentz
    @LezDentz День назад +1

    With that cockpit position sandwiched between two fairly high mounted engines the pilot's visibility must have been awful.

    • @OliverSchroeder
      @OliverSchroeder 17 часов назад

      As awful as it was in the Focke-Wulf Ta 154.

  • @pathowe4787
    @pathowe4787 3 дня назад +1

    If the Westland Whirlwind had been allowed to have RR Merlin engines it would have run rings round the 420

  • @davidjernigan8161
    @davidjernigan8161 4 дня назад +24

    The moveable 40mm seems like a heavy and cumbersome armament.

    • @onenote6619
      @onenote6619 4 дня назад +3

      Well, the Mosquito Tsetse got a fixed 50mm cannon and did well against small ships. But the Mosquito was designed as a fighter-bomber and the Vickers as as a fighter, so not a good comparison.

    • @paulholmes672
      @paulholmes672 3 дня назад +4

      Having worked on around the AC-130 Gunships. firing the 105 mm so called 'recoilless' is still a treat for off axis recoil effects with its near perpendicular firing arc. the lesser known sister armament is a 40 mm cannon, which is usually fired more often, depending on the mission altitude and target mix. The point is, the relative mass of the C-130A/H platforms is significantly more than this aircraft and the installation of a recoiling cannon in the nose with an extreme 'arm of moment' around the off bore firing angle of 30 or so degrees in relation to that plane's CG would've been "fun" to watch. From a chase plane, of course.

    • @bigblue6917
      @bigblue6917 3 дня назад

      @@onenote6619 I think you meant 57 mm. The 6 pounder. Though not used in service they also tested a 75 mm version but by that time the war in Europe was coming to an end.

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 3 дня назад +1

      ​@@onenote6619 the Mosquito was designed to be a pure bomber

    • @PhantomP63
      @PhantomP63 3 дня назад

      I wonder how much recoil the recoil mechanism would absorb.

  • @9999plato
    @9999plato 3 дня назад +2

    The outboard leading edge of the wing is forward of the root st the fuselage attachment point and is bound to create instability, the tail surfaces appear far too small as well.

  • @schwabrichard9829
    @schwabrichard9829 2 дня назад +1

    The design influenced early jet design.

  • @martindice5424
    @martindice5424 3 дня назад +1

    Or the Mossie just did the job.
    Plus - MUCH better looking.
    Bite the back of your hand beautiful.
    Whereas the Armstrong effort.. well. It’s a bit meh ..
    Interesting vid though mate. Another interesting kite I’d never heard of.
    Good show old boy!

  • @jamesmcdonnal6371
    @jamesmcdonnal6371 3 дня назад +1

    Wow. Your description of the flight characteristics sounds similar to the Me 210.

  • @petegarnett7731
    @petegarnett7731 3 дня назад +2

    they should not be too disappointed. The Germans had several attempts to match the Mossie and did not succeed eitther.

    • @Thermopylae2007
      @Thermopylae2007 3 дня назад +1

      It seems as though it took a lot of design work to produce a an effective double engine aircraft for this role, (reminds me of the differences between the Me210 vs 410), that coupled with the already successful aircraft like the Mossie and Beaufighter, meant that not every design could or should have gone into production.

  • @johnhudghton3535
    @johnhudghton3535 2 дня назад

    RAF vet saying: "Thank you I did enjoy the video".

  • @Anlushac11
    @Anlushac11 3 дня назад

    That tail looks criminally tiny on that big fat round fuselage.
    Would like to see a video on the Bristol Buckingham. Sas intended to be the Blenheim successor but the Mossie got there first.

  • @Steve-GM0HUU
    @Steve-GM0HUU 3 дня назад +1

    Although it would have been interesting to see these types developed, suspect the Air Ministry made the right decision. Would these aircraft have offered any significant benefit over exiting types? Even if resources had been spent on development, would production cost have been higher than exsisting types? Also, as WW2 progressed there was perhaps a move away from large cannons for ground/surface attack towards rockets which were often more effective for short attack windows?

    • @alanmcentee9457
      @alanmcentee9457 2 дня назад +1

      On paper the rockets sounded good, but in practice they were very inaccurate. They packed the punch of a 5" artillery shell but were difficult to aim unless at a short range.

  • @briancavanagh7048
    @briancavanagh7048 3 дня назад +1

    Not mentioned but of relevance, I think. The elliptical wings: what was their purpose? Was it a fashion statement in copying the plan view of the Spitfire wings that made it special? The execution of the Spitfire’s elliptical wings were very subtle in its design, with a very fine thickness to chord ratio. The Schneider Trophy racing in the 1930s had demonstrated to Mitchell at Supermarine the importance of thin wings in achieving high speed. The disadvantage of the elliptical wing is the very high labour content in production. The Vickers aircraft had very thick wings which would have contributed some to its poor speed performance. Looking at the photo of the inside of the wing structure, the large expanse of room for fuel would be offset by the inefficient structure adding unnecessary weight. Almost every other wing design ever has one or two large beans which extent vertically from the bottom surface of the wing to the top surface, usually the wing main spar is located at the thickest portion of the wing. This is the most efficient structure weight wise. Was the Vickers wing twisting in flight making the aircraft seem unstable? The plan view of the aircraft looks, to my eye, to be small wing area contributing to a high wing loading. I am not accusing the Air Ministry of unethical behaviour but some poor decision making was made on the Ministry’s part. Vickers was, or still is, one of the largest Defence Contractors in Britain at the time and would have been well positioned to promote their offering by wining and dining the Air Ministry.

    • @superancientmariner1394
      @superancientmariner1394 3 дня назад

      The wing was designed by Barnes-Wallis.

    • @danbenson7587
      @danbenson7587 3 дня назад

      The wing structure is not as inefficient as one might think, in fact it’s clever. But your point about elliptical platform is on point. However both the structure and the platform were too much trouble for marginal improvement particularly in wartime. Cheers

    • @danbenson7587
      @danbenson7587 3 дня назад

      The Mossies wood structure advantage was its trueness and smoothness. These advantages are seen in today’s composite light aircraft. It’s just difficult to precisely fabricate riveted metal wings and if you did, they distort under load anyway.
      The DH Hornet in the works helped kill the Vickers. Cheers

    • @waynec3563
      @waynec3563 3 дня назад +1

      Sydney Camm famously said of the Tempest that he designed it with elliptical wings so the government would buy it.
      The fact is that the Tempest had elliptical wings for the same reason the Spitfire did - to fit the armament.

  • @timothylyons5686
    @timothylyons5686 8 часов назад

    There was a twin engined heavy fighter with 4×20 mm cannons in the nose, although only a single seater.
    The Westland Whirlwind.
    Had Rolls Royce put more effort into developing the peregrine engines the Whirlwind could have been a game changer.
    As it was with the failure of the peregrine the Whirlwind was relegated to low level sweeps across France.
    Had the Whirlwind been fitted with drop tanks it could have escorted bombers all the way to Berlin and back.

  • @andrewstrongman305
    @andrewstrongman305 3 дня назад

    It's a pity the Westland Whirlwind wasn't designed for Merlin engines. It would have been a great short-range interceptor in the early years of the war. The other missed opportunity was the De Havilland Hornet. Had it been optimised as a long-range heavy fighter/multi-role aircraft from the start (again using Merlin engines) it could have been introduced by late 1943 or early 1944. If the naval variant was capable of carrying a torpedo in lieu of rockets or bombs, the RAN might also have had the best torpedo bomber of the war on it's hands.

    • @elennapointer701
      @elennapointer701 3 дня назад +1

      The Whirlwind is often derided as a bad aircraft, but its problem was that it was designed around the Rolls Royce Peregrine engine and when development of the Peregrine was halted in order to concentrate on the Merlin, the Whirlwind was done for because changing the powerplant over would have necessitated a comprehensive redesign in order to incorporate them and it wasn't worth the effort.

  • @WildBillCox13
    @WildBillCox13 3 дня назад

    All that divisory work, so many competing ideas pursued in parallel. Could all that effort possibly have been better spent just honing down the Whirlwind tom perfection instead? Re-engining existing designs was a process that went on all through the war. I am still a bit left in wonder that Whirlwind was just dumped, rather than worked on till its engine issues were over.

  • @tonydrake462
    @tonydrake462 3 дня назад +1

    have your done a deep dive on the Westland Welkin? another disaster along similar lines...

  • @malcolmmoy
    @malcolmmoy 3 дня назад

    The Merlin 61 was a high altitude engine, any issues would be the installation, not the engine. FS max at 26,000 feet.

  • @onenote6619
    @onenote6619 4 дня назад +2

    Designed as a high-altitude fighter, not a fighter-bomber as the Mosquito was. Not a copycat. Not even a comparable design. Just because they were both twin-engine, mid-wing designs does not make them equivalent. On that basis, you could compare it with a Bristol Blenheim.

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 3 дня назад +3

      The Mosquito was designed as a bomber, not a fighter bomber

    • @onenote6619
      @onenote6619 3 дня назад

      @@wbertie2604 The original specification was for a bomber, but it also met a later specification for a fighter-bomber and night-fighter. The first order was for 20 bomber variants and 30 fighter variants. So, both.

    • @EVISEH
      @EVISEH 3 дня назад

      @@onenote6619 The Mosquito was originally pitched to the Air Ministry as an unarmed bomber. That is what was accepted as by the Air Ministry, therefore it was originally designed to be a bomber, not a fighter bomber.

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 3 дня назад

      @@onenote6619 It was designed as a bomber. The later use as a fighter bomber was simply a happy accident - it could be used effectively as a heavy fighter. But it was absolutely not part of the original design intention. That the RAF asked for a fighter version does not mean it was designed as such, because it most definitely wasn't. The specification that led to the F. II was for a long--range fighter, not fighter-bomber.

  • @jonathansteel6566
    @jonathansteel6566 3 часа назад

    What about a carbon fibre Mosquito? Weather proofing being the most obvious advantage. Same two halves construction of the Fuselage. Perhaps some reworking on the landing gear and other places.

  • @marcbrasse747
    @marcbrasse747 2 дня назад

    One indeed shouldn’t underestimate its development potential. As I understand it the main motivation for its cancellation was that the high attitude bomber threat it was conceived for never materialised. Furthermore: At the time of the decision Germany's luck had already turned and the chance of such a threat still materialising was very low. So in spite of it’s beauty the project died for all the right reasons.

  • @pcka12
    @pcka12 3 дня назад

    The Mosquito was an 'unarmed bomber' later developed to create armed versions, not really fighters since they could never outmatch single engine fighters in that role!

  • @franklinrwful
    @franklinrwful 20 часов назад

    Its a shame that they never fixed the engine problems for the Westland Whirlwind which if it had more reliable engines like Merlins could have been a great twin engined fighter.

  • @lohikarhu734
    @lohikarhu734 3 дня назад

    The first image of the 432, it's kind of the opposite to the Mosquito, in terms of "if it looks good, it probably flies well"... This thing looks all out of proportion... Have to come back to this after I do the Sunday pancakes 🥞

  • @tomellis4750
    @tomellis4750 4 дня назад +6

    Ah, so a metal, wooden plane.

    • @DarrenWalley
      @DarrenWalley 4 дня назад

      Brilliant. 😁

    • @WarblesOnALot
      @WarblesOnALot 3 дня назад +1

      G'day,
      Welcome to the Design History of
      EVERYTHING ever made of Metal.
      Someone decided to copy something which was already being built from Wood..., but using Metal.
      Spear and Arrow Points used to be fire-hardened sharpened Wood, till Bone, Ivory, flaked Stone and eventually Copper, Bronze, Iron & Steel were substituted.
      Car-Bodies used to be built of Wood and Canvas, until Pressed Metal Panels were tried.
      Bridges used to all be built of Wood, then Stone, and eventually Iron and then Steel & finally Steel-reinforced Concrete.
      Welcome to Iterative Design.
      Such is life,
      Live a good one....
      Stay safe.
      ;-p
      Ciao !

  • @espenbjerke665
    @espenbjerke665 3 дня назад

    Vickers was the UK "golden boy" of the aircraft industry , they got war Dep //defence Dep money thrown after them and could do no wrong in the 30s,40,50s...

  • @Deviation4360
    @Deviation4360 3 дня назад

    10:27 A very telling image. The degree of rudder deflection to counter adverse TO power effects is alarming. I bet the fin was just basically inadequate, and the sharply pointed wing tips would have made for scary power on stall characteristics. It would also have suffered lateral instability issues with a shorter fuselage than the Mosquito compounded by the inadequate empennage. The elliptical wing is beautifull, but best left for a racing aircraft. To have solved all its problems it would had to have grown into an unwieldly thing like the Westland Welkin.

  • @CAP198462
    @CAP198462 3 дня назад

    Progress was slow on the type 420? I’m not surprised.

  • @michaelgautreaux3168
    @michaelgautreaux3168 4 дня назад

    The closing comment "Wooden" have been as funny if the "Mossie" wasn't as Spectacular as it was. 😉

  • @noonsight2010
    @noonsight2010 2 дня назад

    The Mosquito was conceived as an unarmed PR aircraft.

  • @alanpennie8013
    @alanpennie8013 3 дня назад +1

    Oh well!
    There probably wouldn't gave been much need for a heavy fighter by mid - war.
    The ground - attack variant might have been more useful, if they had gotten it to work.

    • @alanmcentee9457
      @alanmcentee9457 2 дня назад +1

      There already were several ground attack aircraft available to the British. Besides the Beaufighter, there was the Hurricane, Mosquito, and the American P-39 and A-20.

    • @alanpennie8013
      @alanpennie8013 2 дня назад +1

      @alanmcentee9457
      True. True.
      There was no urgent need for it.

    • @alanmcentee9457
      @alanmcentee9457 2 дня назад +1

      @@alanpennie8013
      And to add to that idea, I don't think the War Ministry was looking to invest in just using the same technology.

  • @jeremywilson4326
    @jeremywilson4326 День назад

    I don't understand why they wouldn't counter rotate one of the engines . Would have helped a little at least . In the wooden model and the metal one . If I'm wrong , let me know .

  • @streamofconsciousness5826
    @streamofconsciousness5826 3 дня назад

    I want to hear the Singer of the "Metal Mosquito" band. They must Tune up instead of Down.

  • @gergatron7000
    @gergatron7000 3 дня назад

    It looks (to an untrained eye) that such a small tailfin and rudder would have insufficient authority against two of the more powerful Merlins and 4-blade props as installed on the prototype.
    Vickers owned Supermarine, so the elliptical wing makes sense. It's more like a twin-engined Spit than a Mozzie, which begs the question... Instead of reinventing the wheel, could they have just used the Spitfire fuselage with that layout, and put the guns in the nose where the engine would have been?
    It sounds dodgy yes, but how many other successful types came about from adapting or modifying an existing design? Lancaster? Beaufighter? Mosquito night fighter?

  • @grahamj9101
    @grahamj9101 2 дня назад

    The only problem I had with the film was the total miscasting of George Chakiris as a Norwegian!

  • @jehb8945
    @jehb8945 3 дня назад

    I feel like the design really needed the Rolls-Royce Griffon engine but then again I feel like even if Vickers was allowed to work out all the bugs this would have entered service in the last days of world War II
    I feel like the RAF the mosquitoes in production it's doing what we needed to do even if this could potentially be a great airplane we don't need it

  • @AdamEast-yo8pz
    @AdamEast-yo8pz 2 дня назад

    It just doesn't look right. I wouldn't say that it bore a strong resemblance to the Mosquito and the evolution of that led to the underrated and short lived Hornet.

  • @mutteringmale
    @mutteringmale 2 дня назад

    Geez, people! I thought everyone knew that the mosquito all wood was developed by the Brits because of the successful U-boat campaign at the start of the war and the need to build from materials the brits had a lot of, wood.

  • @sadwingsraging3044
    @sadwingsraging3044 3 дня назад +2

    _and it was dead._
    **upside down picture**
    Me too!😆😂🤣💀

  • @robertmatch6550
    @robertmatch6550 2 дня назад

    I may have seen one in the Edmonton Aviation Museum.

  • @loddude5706
    @loddude5706 3 дня назад

    Does look like it was designed by a committee . . . of 'trades, various' : )

  • @fighterpilot5105
    @fighterpilot5105 3 дня назад +1

    B-25 with a 75...Nuff' said...

  • @renevalleramos994
    @renevalleramos994 3 дня назад +1

    Is there a rock version of it?

  • @darkknight1340
    @darkknight1340 3 дня назад +7

    Dehavilland had the edge on many manufacturers when it came to aerodynamics.The ultimate expression of this advantage was the incredible Hornet, which sported twin Griffin's (now a viable engine compared to its state of development in 1939)putting out 2300 HP each and which was even lighter than the mosquito.

    • @smithy2389
      @smithy2389 3 дня назад +4

      The hornet had Merlin 130s

    • @darkknight1340
      @darkknight1340 3 дня назад +2

      @smithy2389 My mistake,there were a couple of DH 102s which were fitted with Griffin's,but that engine fitment wasn't proceded with.

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 2 дня назад

      @@darkknight1340 no dh 102s were ever built.

  • @Ob1sdarkside
    @Ob1sdarkside 3 дня назад +1

    Yes!

  • @ppszthunder
    @ppszthunder 4 дня назад +7

    Hey IHYLS could you please make a video about the polish light bomber the pzl.p23 karaś?
    PS it was the first plane to bomb Germany in WW2.

  • @robertmiller2173
    @robertmiller2173 День назад

    To me I’d have stuck to the real Mossie, and I would put some more of my R&D budget into the fantastic Beaufighter! The rest of the claims seem to be Exaggerations…..!
    It is a shame that they didn’t keep it and put it in a Meusems!

  • @KapiteinKrentebol
    @KapiteinKrentebol 3 дня назад +1

    It has Spitfire wings so it should be called the "Spitsquito"

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 3 дня назад

      It doesn't have Spitfire wings, they are derived from Vickers high altitude bomber designs of the mid to late 1930s.

    • @allangibson8494
      @allangibson8494 3 дня назад

      There was a “twin Spitfire” program as well…
      Supermarine was a division of Vickers by this time (they were taken over in December 1938).

    • @wbertie2604
      @wbertie2604 3 дня назад

      @@allangibson8494 Yes, but a very different aircraft to this one and with a very different heritage. The wing design here predates the Vickers takeover of Supermarine. If you look at some of the high-altitude twin-engined proposals for a Wellington successor, you can see many design elements present there.
      The twin Spitfire is interesting, not least because there were tractor and pusher configurations proposed (good luck bailing out of the latter!) and a tractor version got as far as mock up with a proposed armament of 6 20mm cannon (!) and an optional additional 12 303s for ground attack. Supermarine was told to concentrate on the Spitfire.

    • @MeYou-yz2yz
      @MeYou-yz2yz 3 дня назад

      Spitfire wings, Canberra fuselage and Mossie tail.

    • @allangibson8494
      @allangibson8494 3 дня назад

      @ The Germans got a perfectly functional Tractor/Pusher combination fighter operational with the Arado 335 but by the time it was ready jet fighters had rendered it obsolete. Its ejection seats were however a novel design addition.

  • @TimSwann-v2j
    @TimSwann-v2j 5 часов назад

    is it me or dose that look like and idea sound like a CAMBRA ie pop in a couple of jet engines ?

  • @MattnessLP
    @MattnessLP 3 дня назад

    1940-Britain was not very chill, it seems. No love for 420 at all :(

  • @jonfallis305
    @jonfallis305 День назад

    i thought i knew everything about ww2, until now

  • @johnwalters5131
    @johnwalters5131 День назад

    'all metal' would a served well in the Far-East bcs the wooden ones "just fell apart" in the humid climate 😳💦

  • @Legitpenguins99
    @Legitpenguins99 2 дня назад

    Design 420 B "Blaze it"

  • @thurin84
    @thurin84 8 часов назад

    and no progress was made on the type 420......because i got high, because i got high, because i got high......

  • @alan-sk7ky
    @alan-sk7ky 3 дня назад

    Well by 1944 the 432 wasn't going to 'do' anything that the mossie couldn't. So why bother ?

  • @FrankJmClarke
    @FrankJmClarke 3 дня назад +4

    It did fill a niche that was already filled.

    • @Anlushac11
      @Anlushac11 3 дня назад

      By the time the 432 flew a high altitude Mossie was flying without the problems the 432 was showing.

  • @cageordie
    @cageordie 2 дня назад

    Estimating how good your misses were is major BS.