Anna Marie Pyle (Yale U./HHMI) Part 1: RNA Structure
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- Опубликовано: 3 окт 2024
- www.ibiology.or...
Lecture Overview:
In Part 1, Dr. Pyle explains that many RNA molecules have elaborate structures that are essential for their functions. Even mRNA, a relatively linear molecule, can contain distinctive three- dimensional structures. RNA duplexes are the units of secondary structure, and these form in regions where base-pairing occurs. Duplex regions often include internal or terminal loops, and they can contain unusual types of base-pairing. These secondary structural elements can arrange themselves to form highly complex tertiary structures. It is the variety of these tertiary structures that allows for the great functional diversity of RNA.
In her second talk, Pyle focuses on the self-splicing Group II introns. These molecules are very large ribozymes that catalyze their own splicing and transposition, employing a reaction and an active-site similar to that of the eukaryotic spliceosome. To better understand the chemistry of pre-mRNA splicincg, Pyle and her group obtained a high-resolution crystal structure of the Oceanobacillus iheyensis Group IIC intron. The crystal structure provided insights into the key roles that divalent and monovalent ions play in RNA chemistry and tertiary architecture.
During the final talk in this series, Pyle switches her focus to a specialized class of mechanical proteins that bind and manipulate RNA molecules. This protein family includes RNA helicases, which translocate along RNA strands and strip away associated macromolecules. However, a related set of proteins display functions different from helicase activity, including a role as RNA-activated biosensors. Through crystallographic, biochemical and cell-based studies of innate immune receptor RIG-I, Pyle has shown that this human surveillance protein recognizes and binds to small viral double stranded RNAs. The subsequent binding of ATP induces protein conformational changes that contribute to signal transduction and activation of the interferon response in vivo.
Speaker Bio:
Anna Marie Pyle is the William Edward Gilbert Professor of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Professor of Chemistry at Yale University and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Pyle received her BA from Princeton University and her PhD in Chemistry from Columbia University. She was a post-doctoral fellow with Tom Cech at the University of Colorado. Before joining Yale, Pyle was a faculty member at Columbia from 1992-2002.
Pyle’s lab uses enzymatic and biophysical methods to explore the complex structures of large RNA molecules, such as self-splicing introns. Her lab also studies the molecular motor proteins that operate on RNA, such as RNA helicases and RNA-activated biosensors that contribute to the vertebrate antiviral response.
More information is available on Dr. Pyle’s lab page at pylelab.org/ 
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You're a lifesaver. My engineering classes flushed me with so much work over the past few weeks that I haven't been able to get much biochemistry studying in and the test is tomorrow! Thank heavens for this explanation!
Amazing that RNA is so complex. At school i only learned about mRNA, not realizing that RNA can do so much more.
Thank you for sharing.
This is fantastic. She clearly conveyed the complicated beauty of RNA!
Thank you so much for this video! It is a great introduction to RNA secondary structures.
Thank you so much! I missed a couple of Biochemistry classes and now I feel like I'm all caught up. You are awesome.
Fantastic professor, perfect didactics ❤ I learned so much
I've watched this a few times, this is so helpful. Thanks.
it provided me a new dimension of thoughts, Thanks a lot iBio
Very very usefull. A nace, clear and excelent presentación as well as the profesor! Tnks
I've been studying biochem & cellbio for, I don't know, 6 years now ( late bloomer, been busy ) and to me, it's become apparent, then obvious that DNA is a static library made from RNA by RNA from RNA. And that proteins are robots, made by RNA to help out with the 'mindless' repetitive work ( made by RNA on itself, with itself, by itself ; tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, self-splice, SRP, ect. ) . That's RNA IS life - the self replicating, metabolizing molecule wholly responsible for life !!
But look who I'm telling. Thanks for knowing and breakin it down for us. ( exciting isn't it !! )
I agree the role of RNA isn't well understood among the populace compared to DNA or proteins. This series of lectures has been revelatory to me about RNA that "does stuff" apart from the mere information library. I'm also boggled by the self referential aspect , as you say [proteins are] "made by RNA on itself, with itself, by itself". I'm also of the belief that life "bootstrapped" from random small molecules to self-replicating entities subject to evoluton via the multifunctional, shapeshfting molecule that is RNA.
*Michael:* _"That's RNA IS life - the self replicating, metabolizing molecule wholly responsible for life !!"_
I don't understand this. Has RNA ever been found that's _"self replicating"_ *anywhere* in _any_ organism? What role does RNA play in _"metabolizing"_ anything? And how is the RNA component of life any more _"responsible for life"_ than the DNA and protein components?
@@KenJackson_US : I think the idea is that originally it was all RNA, the robot, the material the robot works on, and the information coding the robot. Then at all these parts of the process improvement was evolved: the robot became a better robot (protein), the material became a better material (protein), the information storage coding the robot became better (DNA). And now most of the metabolism is DNA and protein, and the RNA plays the intermediate or somewhat supportive function to DNA and proteins.
But @@nanotech_republika, the whole RNA World theory is just a wild theory, a wishful idea with no basis in science. And it has lots of holes in it, like transitioning from RNA to DNA one undirected mutation at a time, being living at each step and leaving no evidence. And where did the original code come from anyway?
@@KenJackson_US I am guessing that the proof will only happen when the molecular modeling be much easier. Unfortunately, we will have to wait for at least 10 years till we get strong enough quantum computers to show such systems and their evolution from based-on-RNA to based-on-DNA. And after that you might be able to go to the lab and repeat the computer model in a chemical flask. For now, you can always say "show me the proof" and I say "not enough computer power." So for not this is just a theory as a whole with some elements that can be shown in the lab or in the computer model.
Great lecture! Greetings from Sweden!
Superb explanation .... tertiary str of RNA was just awsome. can you suggest me some good biochemistry textbooks.
High quality material. Good teaching except some rapid jumps towards the end.
Is there intermolecular Hydrogen bonding in secondary structure of RNA(single strand)?
can anyone explain if there is a reason for why dimensionality of nucleic acid structure is seemingly related to the addition of ions?
Good question. Seemingly obvious answer is the K+ or Mg++ ions would try alter the position of the polar atoms namely H,O, N, so they would reorient.
But we got to study some book to find the details
Cations ‘neutralize’ the negatively charged oxygen in the phosphate backbone either direct or indirect interactions, making the structure more stabilized therefore more eager to form tertiary structures.
Just amazing
Do you believe this is an accident of blind chance? She is barely scratching the surface of the cell's complexity.
thank you it is great
One kiss is all it take (Shows the structure of RNA)
fallin' love with me (Calculating RNA Duplex)
* Throws away the headset* 😆
Well done, clear audio. I am guessing that most of this was devised from x-ray diffraction. Right? Thank you.
Xray diffraction? What do u mean
Why does Jack Sztozak have comments disabled on his videos?
Be careful.
Great video - lots of work, polished delivery.
QUESTION : Where and how in the cell are instinctual activities stored for male and females? Example: male Bird of Paradise dances. Just watched the 'Michael Jackson dance' by a Bird of Paradise. AWESOME! Why? And why do humans enjoy watching it?
I'm a combination of the personality traits of my mom and dad, plus their abilities, tastes, dislikes, etc., all blended and programmed in. Where in the cell is this stored and kept organized until used in the future at the right time by the developed brain?
I really hope you have some type of answer for me.
Good question. The instinct (which includes all past behav of predecessors) is obviously stored in DNA. How brain works is not fully understood, as far as I hv seen
The first enzyme.
Padberg Underpass
❤
Anna Marie, I am asking a very serious question many want the answer to. I'm sure your aware they have spoken about this new vaccine as something that will reprogram the rna. What is your view and opinion on this?
It doesn't _"reprogram the RNA"._ The vaccine contains mRNA. Usually mRNA is created in the cell nucleus, but this is injected. Your ribosomes translate that mRNA into the spike protein like those on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which serves as the antigen for your immune system to develop antibodies against.
I love you
Donnie Plaza
A required watch for any alien technology conspiracy theorists.
Why?
nah, theyre never interested in crazy stuff that actually exists...
@@flymasterA If you want an alien technology, this is an alien technology. Complex systems with their emergence and the attractors at its finest. Far removed from the typical human-based engineering. ... Damn it! I thought my comment was funny. Why did I get why?
Can you see any of this in a microscope? Why is it all graphics?
Turner's rules?? How about God's rules?
God's rules give you no idea how RNA will fold and react.
marrrtin : Please explain.
In God's rules, some things are partially random by design, but still controlled by overall design parameters. The spots on a dog are random, but flying is not an option on the window sticker.
Visible wavelengths range from 4000 to 7000 Angstroms whereas some of the feature sizes she discussed were single digit Angstroms. So visible light is thousands of times too big to reveal fine RNA structure.
I didn't detect anything antagonistic to creation in this video, @@flymasterA. She simply laid out some facts about RNA that have been observed. We can't learn of these wonders without gaping slack-jawed at God's glory. But there's no need to pick a fight about it.