when I was a kid, I watched "Mr. Wizard's World" religiously. He performed this same experiment by putting a large newspaper over a 2x4 and then hitting the end of the 2x4 with a large hammer, snapping it. I was amazed. Your very evident love of what you do, and the fact that you are quite visibly excited by each of your experiments is why I love your channel. I love seeing how much you love what you do. You're the new "Mr. Wizard"!
Well, it's 14 pounds per square inch; however, it's not a perfect suction cup because part of the paper comes up when it lifts, so you'd have to solve for that. I would guess that the square inch over the ruler is the section holding it down.
Interesting enough the paper is not needed for this to work, if you lay a rulers up tight on either side of the original ruler and another one at the back edge it also works. the idea is to block the air from getting under the ruler. It is the atmospheric pressure on the ruler itself, 14.7 PSI which is enough to do the trick.
Yeah, it’s 14.7 pounds per square inch. So, for a piece of paper that’s 8.5”x11”, that’s 93.5 square inches, which is a total of 1374+ pounds of pressure. It adds up quickly.
As soon as he did it, I thought about how paper always seems to "stick" to smooth surfaces like a desk. I figured if the surface was rough it wouldn't work. Glad to see I was right. I wasn't sure what the scientific explanation was (I was wondering if it was like surface tension or whatever allows bugs to climb walls), but I did realize it had to do with the paper wanting to "suck" to the desk.
I think you have a missunderstanding about the real reason bugs have naturally sticky legs and those mosquitoes that could walk on water is bc of water tention (or smth like that) the real reason why is because when you do it fast it creates a vacuum under the paper making the paper be sucked by the vacuum underneath it also Wild K its the same when you do it fast or slow its a matter of grip
Woaaahhh i love how this is a really interesting experiment and also super easy to set up. I was watching this video at my desk so I didn’t even have to stand up to try it out, I already had all the materials at arms length reach lol. Its also kind of funny that it only works when you hit the ruler fast because it kind of makes it feel like oobleck
I like how it isnt just the result and the expanation, but rather the howle process of using the cientific method to understand what is happening iteration by iteration
When you crumpled up the paper and tried the same experiment again, I reasoned that it had to do with the large amount of surface area the paper was covering when it was flat. After that, I thought that it was because there was a vacuum underneath the paper. You move the paper quickly, but since there is nothing to replace the empty space with it, it decreases its pressure. I usually keep forgetting that it’s technically because there is a difference in pressure whenever it’s in a normal atmosphere instead of just a larger pressure difference in general.
This experiment can also be repeated with some alternatives such as: 1. Ruler length (much shorter or much longer) 2. Paper size (larger or smaller) 3. Weight of the object falling on the ruler (for example a washing machine or a refrigerator 😜)
Great teacher, and ( note I use word and, not But) I have some to say about: pressure is the same on top and under the paper, but, her goes but, air flow underneath paper is tangent to the paper itself, so according to Bernoulli^s principle pressure will be less under whole paper sheet keeping it down, all your explanation is great, just wanted to bring about this well knwn law, same happens when you use a hand blender in a liquid close to the bottom, you can lift the cup with the blender , keep on
I don't even study physics, but because of your other videos, I easily guessed why the ruller didn't fall off! Thank you a lot for making us understand laws of mechanics, I love it! 😁
I absolutely love seeing these simple and easy to understand demonstrations! Sometimes I wish I was a physics teacher just so that I could do these types of things all day. Lol
This was a really good video and example of what makes this channel great. Lots of variety in experimentation - not much talk in between - always a control test in every variation. Great job!
pressure = force / area, PA=F, F is given, P is atmospheric pressure, u can work out Area of the paper. if u take the weight of paper in count, just take away mg from F
I mean, you could always use the flexible shell/membrane aproximation to estimate the deformation coupled with an compressible irrotational method for the fluid dynamics and get an FSI system of equations (maybe even incomprensible given the low speed). Probably the system will have something like aerodynamic mass, structual mass and structual stiffnes. But looks like too much work for such a basic experiment
@@calvinlee1127 Be careful. P is not atmospheric pressure. P is atmospheric pressure minus the pressure under the paper. You can't assume the paper has a perfect vacuum underneath it. Even just half an atmosphere would allow a considerable amount of force.
You might want to mention the actual value for the air pressure (at sea level) is 'round *1.04 kg/cm²* (with minor variations for air temperature). So for an *A4* sized piece of paper - with the surface dimensions of *29.70cm* x *21.00cm* it gives a total area of *623.70cm².* *623.70cm²* _(Total Area of the _*_A4_*_ paper)_ x *1.04kg* _(Air Pressure per cm²)_ = *648.65kg* _(Total Air Pressure pushing down on the entire sheet of paper)_ Nearly 650kg of mass [ Edit ⊚ ]... I'm surprised you didn't snap the steel ruler. [ I've broken wooden rulers doing this as a kid. ] ⊚ - *650kg* Mass = *6374* Newtons of Force.
Well yes but no, if you do it instant, you'd have to deal with 6000+N but there is not such a thing... It's still a high force, don't get me wrong but it's not 6000N (when you do it slow, it also won't nearly be that force)
in a way it is indeed similar but with the ground effect it's kinda like the opposite. ground effect happens because of the venturi effect where the rapid air flow gets compressed and creates a vacuum. while in this one the air expands.
I only watched the RUclips short version of this but if I remember correctly, you said that the weight is 14lbs per square inch? So if you where to slap the ruler down as hard as you can, the ruler would snap? Just curious. Edit: Am now watching the video again and now realized you’re using a metal ruler so it wouldn’t snap but could you bend it?
Air pressure depending on where you live is about 14.5psi, 8.5x11 paper is 93.5 in^2, for a max differential of 1350lbs. Of course, this assumes a perfect seal and a vacuum underneath the paper, but I wouldn’t be surprised if a thin ruler thin paper could have a decent impulse.
Yes you can break plastic and wooden rulers this way. But so you don't waste money on rulers, you can also use this trick on inexpensive wooden paint stirrers.
This was instantly intuitive for me the first time i saw it. The same way as the hanging a hammer from a ruler trick works. But when you explained it, all i could think of as a cool way to explain it was... It's the weight of the air holding it in place. All that air from ground to top of the sky is pushing on that piece of paper.
i remember i discovered this myself back in 2006, when i was in 3rd grade i was trying to turn a page of a math book using a ruler and the page felt super heavy , i felt like it wasnt because of the weight of the paper but something to do with maybe air pressure
Putting some drops of water between 2 glasses, makes it really, really hard to take apart by pulling them away from each other. (no sliding) It's that because the water preventing the airflow between the 2 glass? Or is there any other force than the atmospheric pressure?
Water does have extremely high surface tension, so that may play a large role. So water doesn’t act as a very good channel for airflow. It’s also harder to drastically and suddenly shift the volume (temperature/pressure) of liquids compared to manipulating gasses.
It stays put due to the suction force between ruler and table. It takes more time than just bouncing the ball on the ruler for the air to be displaced and equalized between said objects. Never seen this trick, pretty neat though.
1:15 into the video. i am guessing atmospheric pressure, underneath the paper is kind of a seal, when the ball hit the ruler, the other end of the ruler will try to lift off the paper. the lift will create negative pressure underneath, atmospheric pressure will push the paper down in turn pushing down the far end of the ruler.
Try this surface tension with water... you can create such powerfully effects and if you turn off the lights you can see a small spark of sonolominance from the air and volume pressure. HUGE AMOUNT of pressure energy
The ORIGINAL Root of Anti-Vaxxers: Have you never wondered where it was? Did you assume no one can find it after all this time? Nah, Hbomberguy covered it in a video with 200k Likes now.
Putting it in a vacuum chamber is always a solution! Lol but true! You need a vacuum chamber emoji (and a hydraulic press emoji) for your channel membership!
I love videos like this. It makes your brain think even if you already know physics. You know it, but you don’t quite understand it until it’s put into use like this video. Thanks Action Lab!
I spent over 10 years, of my 30+ year aviation career, working in the composite shop of a major airline. We used to repair all the removable, damaged composite structures. After we got rid of the damage, we had to replace the fibreglass, Kevlar or carbon fibre we'd removed with equivalent materials and use the approved resins to replicate the structural integrity and performance characteristics of the original layers. Once we had all the multiple repair layers cut, properly orientated (the direction of the warp and weave), soaked in resin and stacked in place, we'd do our bagging. This consisted of laying a release film directly onto the wet repair, followed by a felt-like bleeder cloth (sucks up excess resin) and another thicker layer, the breather cloth, to allow easy air flow as the vacuum forms, and finally an impermeable, stretchy bagging film held in place by sticky bagging tape around the repair area. Then we'd hook up our pressure gauges and vacuum lines, seal up any leaks we'd missed along the bagging tape, and watch the Earth's atmosphere press down on that repair area at about 14.5 pound per square inch. A 1 foot square repair section would have the equivalent clamping force of over a ton (2088 lbs) of weight, evenly distributed over its surface, and thus compressing the repair layers and squeezing out the excess resin sufficient to replicate the original manufactured characteristics. (there were also temperature controlled heat blankets and or lamps involved to cure the resin at the required temperatures). Side note: the pressure was so great, that the outline of a piece of masking tape, used to hold the release film in place, could often be seen through the multiple layers of bleeder and breather cloth. And that's how I knew why the paper was holding down the ruler, lol. Interesting to note this atmospheric pressure was the same regardless of the repair area's orientation-upside down or sideways made no difference, just like you'd get crushed from all directions simultaneously at ocean depths. Also interesting to note that similar composite repairs, in mile high cities like Mexico City or Denver, can never get the same degree of compression and will always be intrinsically weaker. One last thing. Some of the more critical parts, requiring higher performance, are manufactured and cured in pressurized ovens where the vacuum bagging is being pressed on by significantly more than sea level air pressure. Their engineers give limits to repair schemes that can take place without using a similar pressure vessel. Thus ends my Ted Talk, lol.
We are doing the ideal gas law in my Chemistry class. I just demonstrated this last week, but these are AWESOME experiments. Going to do these experiments in my class this week. Thank you!
Even know why from the moment the video started it was still enjoyable to watch. Another fun one with kids is putting a paper on a glass filled with some water. Flip upside down and the paper and negative pressure in the cup are enough to hold the water in it…. Until the water starts soaking through paper. Learned that as a kid. Forget where.
Instantly I watched this I tried it myself and it worked... Wao... I could not believe this at first site until I tried it myself... Thanks for explaining why...
I watched this video as the final video I was going to watch before going to bed (it's 3:25 am) and then you do a sponsor on something that might actually help with that lmao! I will probably try this out once I get a chance!
I'm marvelled with all the dynamics of air pressure but to be honest I've never really understood it. This is one thing my intuition couldn't grasp yet. James' explanations are thorough, creative, fun to watch and definitelly competent. I'll get to understand it someday!
Ah yes my old first grade hustle lmao completely forgot about it and I'm glad it got a video 🤣🤣 never really thought about the science behind it as a kid
when I was a kid, I watched "Mr. Wizard's World" religiously. He performed this same experiment by putting a large newspaper over a 2x4 and then hitting the end of the 2x4 with a large hammer, snapping it. I was amazed. Your very evident love of what you do, and the fact that you are quite visibly excited by each of your experiments is why I love your channel. I love seeing how much you love what you do. You're the new "Mr. Wizard"!
I remember that episode!
Mr wizard was awesome! I used to watch him every morning at like 5am eastern time when i was a kid
I looked for that scene, but I couldn't find it. Could you send a link?
@@PainoMailo I have no idea how to even do that. But it's there somewhere lol
Professor Proton. 😄
Still fun to watch even when you know what he's about to explain.
The man is one hell of a RUclipsr.
Hello fellow Vince!
@@vincenttrigg4521 Vinces of the world unite!
Black Butler reference?
“i’m just one hell of a butler”
Hide the pain Harold when he was younger
no shit sherlock
This channel gets me hooked every time. I can't remember the last time I saw a video on here and was familiar with the concepts or knew how it worked.
Hi bro, where are you from?
Some videos like these i knew from the get go but some are interesting
@@Tatusiek_1 I figured out how it worked quickly enough, but I'd never seen this done before. Really cool phenomenon.
Well, it's 14 pounds per square inch; however, it's not a perfect suction cup because part of the paper comes up when it lifts, so you'd have to solve for that. I would guess that the square inch over the ruler is the section holding it down.
You are absolutely right
Interesting enough the paper is not needed for this to work, if you lay a rulers up tight on either side of the original ruler and another one at the back edge it also works. the idea is to block the air from getting under the ruler. It is the atmospheric pressure on the ruler itself, 14.7 PSI which is enough to do the trick.
Bruce Yeany, you are the real MVP.
Does it make me smart knowing it was about air insulation purely on common sense?
@@aquascrubofficial are you looking for validation lol? Yes you’re very very smart dude well done
@@R__A thanks.. it’s validated now. I’m smart.
@@aquascrubofficial no but good job regardless
Never knew this, but vacuum, pressure and magnetism are often stronger than I'd guess.
indeed :D
I misread “Ruler” as “Euler”
have you seen his video on the pressure exerted by the volume increase of water into ice?
Basically, the strength of vacuum does not exist, it is the strength of pressure too. Also, magnetism in reality is electrostatic force in the end.
Yeah, it’s 14.7 pounds per square inch. So, for a piece of paper that’s 8.5”x11”, that’s 93.5 square inches, which is a total of 1374+ pounds of pressure. It adds up quickly.
I love it when Todd Howard does such cool science videos on his free time, keep it up man!
His name s adam
@@akale2620 it's a joke
he looks similar to todd howard
@@akale2620 His name is James Orgill.
@@akale2620 his name is Robert Paulsen
if he was he would just said "it just works" and end the video
I knew the physics behind it but still watched till the end. You never know what new thing he’ll teach us again. 😃
Same
Nice I didn't know it
Its just interesting to listen to him and see his examples, I also knew the physics and also watched till the end
the new thing you got taught was the sponsor at the end of the video
same
As soon as he did it, I thought about how paper always seems to "stick" to smooth surfaces like a desk. I figured if the surface was rough it wouldn't work. Glad to see I was right. I wasn't sure what the scientific explanation was (I was wondering if it was like surface tension or whatever allows bugs to climb walls), but I did realize it had to do with the paper wanting to "suck" to the desk.
When u drop some papers on a smooth floor and u spend like a whole minute just picking at it to pick it up 😩
@@wildk5367 lol
@@wildk5367 now I know that the best solution to it is trying to lift the paper slowly
I think you have a missunderstanding about the real reason
bugs have naturally sticky legs and those mosquitoes that could walk on water is bc of water tention (or smth like that)
the real reason why is because when you do it fast it creates a vacuum under the paper making the paper be sucked by the vacuum underneath it
also Wild K its the same when you do it fast or slow its a matter of grip
@@congratulationsmerry6386 It's actually the pressure above the sheet keeping it down. Vacuum doesn't exert a force.
Woaaahhh i love how this is a really interesting experiment and also super easy to set up. I was watching this video at my desk so I didn’t even have to stand up to try it out, I already had all the materials at arms length reach lol. Its also kind of funny that it only works when you hit the ruler fast because it kind of makes it feel like oobleck
It's very valuable that you go through the scientific steps of reasoning and hypothesis testing! Thank you for that!
I like how it isnt just the result and the expanation, but rather the howle process of using the cientific method to understand what is happening iteration by iteration
When you crumpled up the paper and tried the same experiment again, I reasoned that it had to do with the large amount of surface area the paper was covering when it was flat. After that, I thought that it was because there was a vacuum underneath the paper. You move the paper quickly, but since there is nothing to replace the empty space with it, it decreases its pressure. I usually keep forgetting that it’s technically because there is a difference in pressure whenever it’s in a normal atmosphere instead of just a larger pressure difference in general.
This experiment can also be repeated with some alternatives such as: 1. Ruler length (much shorter or much longer) 2. Paper size (larger or smaller) 3. Weight of the object falling on the ruler (for example a washing machine or a refrigerator 😜)
Great teacher, and ( note I use word and, not But) I have some to say about: pressure is the same on top and under the paper, but, her goes but, air flow underneath paper is tangent to the paper itself, so according to Bernoulli^s principle pressure will be less under whole paper sheet keeping it down, all your explanation is great, just wanted to bring about this well knwn law, same happens when you use a hand blender in a liquid close to the bottom, you can lift the cup with the blender , keep on
Every other channel just says that there's 14 pounds of air per square inch on the paper. No one went this in-depth with it. So awesome
It’s pretty self explanatory p=f/a so f=p*a just find area of paper and you’re done
In metrics it's even easier, 1 bar is approximately 1kg per 1cm2.
I don't even study physics, but because of your other videos, I easily guessed why the ruller didn't fall off! Thank you a lot for making us understand laws of mechanics, I love it! 😁
I absolutely love seeing these simple and easy to understand demonstrations! Sometimes I wish I was a physics teacher just so that I could do these types of things all day. Lol
My man with yet another knowledge video!🙌
This was a really good video and example of what makes this channel great.
Lots of variety in experimentation - not much talk in between - always a control test in every variation.
Great job!
i love the fact that theres a control every time
I'm genuinely pleased you responded to this before it even became a trend👊
Genius stuff. My next question is for a given force, how large a piece of paper would it take for this to work? What if you changed the dimensions?
pressure = force / area, PA=F, F is given, P is atmospheric pressure, u can work out Area of the paper. if u take the weight of paper in count, just take away mg from F
@@calvinlee1127 That works but there is still more to the calculations.
@@calvinlee1127 what you talkin about ???😶
I mean, you could always use the flexible shell/membrane aproximation to estimate the deformation coupled with an compressible irrotational method for the fluid dynamics and get an FSI system of equations (maybe even incomprensible given the low speed). Probably the system will have something like aerodynamic mass, structual mass and structual stiffnes. But looks like too much work for such a basic experiment
@@calvinlee1127 Be careful. P is not atmospheric pressure. P is atmospheric pressure minus the pressure under the paper. You can't assume the paper has a perfect vacuum underneath it. Even just half an atmosphere would allow a considerable amount of force.
I love your content man keep it up
First time I’ve seen a proper explanation with decent examples on this. Thanks!
You might want to mention the actual value for the air pressure (at sea level) is 'round *1.04 kg/cm²* (with minor variations for air temperature).
So for an *A4* sized piece of paper - with the surface dimensions of
*29.70cm* x *21.00cm* it gives a total area of *623.70cm².*
*623.70cm²* _(Total Area of the _*_A4_*_ paper)_
x *1.04kg* _(Air Pressure per cm²)_
= *648.65kg* _(Total Air Pressure pushing down on the entire sheet of paper)_
Nearly 650kg of mass [ Edit ⊚ ]...
I'm surprised you didn't snap the steel ruler. [ I've broken wooden rulers doing this as a kid. ]
⊚ - *650kg* Mass = *6374* Newtons of Force.
I have broken some too...
But only Plastic ones...
BTW
You bend a steel ruler...It doesn't break
kg is not a force
@@yeet1337 Thanks for that. Catch me doing off-the-cuff calculations, without paying attention.
Well yes but no, if you do it instant, you'd have to deal with 6000+N but there is not such a thing...
It's still a high force, don't get me wrong but it's not 6000N
(when you do it slow, it also won't nearly be that force)
What you are implying is wrong on so many levels I can't even... static air pressure has nothing to do with the vacuum created by lifting the paper.
I love how people can explain sciencie in the most simple ways. Thank you for this!
This seems similar to the ground-effect on which Formula 1 cars rely to increase their grip while moving at high speeds.
in a way it is indeed similar but with the ground effect it's kinda like the opposite. ground effect happens because of the venturi effect where the rapid air flow gets compressed and creates a vacuum. while in this one the air expands.
What a great counter example. That was so awesome to see!
I only watched the RUclips short version of this but if I remember correctly, you said that the weight is 14lbs per square inch? So if you where to slap the ruler down as hard as you can, the ruler would snap? Just curious.
Edit: Am now watching the video again and now realized you’re using a metal ruler so it wouldn’t snap but could you bend it?
That's a good question, if I had a ruler here at home I try would try it lol
Yaa it does break, have seen those in some other videos.....(if it's a plastic scale)😅
Air pressure depending on where you live is about 14.5psi, 8.5x11 paper is 93.5 in^2, for a max differential of 1350lbs. Of course, this assumes a perfect seal and a vacuum underneath the paper, but I wouldn’t be surprised if a thin ruler thin paper could have a decent impulse.
I think you definitely can, if you have multiple sheets.
With just one, the paper may rip before the ruler breaks.
Yes you can break plastic and wooden rulers this way. But so you don't waste money on rulers, you can also use this trick on inexpensive wooden paint stirrers.
This was instantly intuitive for me the first time i saw it. The same way as the hanging a hammer from a ruler trick works.
But when you explained it, all i could think of as a cool way to explain it was... It's the weight of the air holding it in place. All that air from ground to top of the sky is pushing on that piece of paper.
i remember i discovered this myself back in 2006, when i was in 3rd grade i was trying to turn a page of a math book using a ruler and the page felt super heavy , i felt like it wasnt because of the weight of the paper but something to do with maybe air pressure
And you figured that out in 3rd grade? I was still eating paper in 3rd grade
@@bitslay i figure it out while eating paper
@@bitslay What seasoning did you use when eating paper? I used to spray a lot of salt on the paper
I remember I ate old papers so no need of salt or anything , dust was enough
I can't believe you were in third grade in 06
2:00 magic the paper is gone
"its the air pressure that's playing a role in this"
We all knew what it will lead to.
Yep!
VACUUM
1:03 That ruler is just like me - even a roll of duct tape can't hold me down.
This was the best and most clear explanation I have ever seen. Good work.
Putting some drops of water between 2 glasses, makes it really, really hard to take apart by pulling them away from each other. (no sliding) It's that because the water preventing the airflow between the 2 glass? Or is there any other force than the atmospheric pressure?
Intermolecular forces of the water are involved. But probably to a relatively smaller extent. (Yet hydrogen bonds are really strong.)
Water does have extremely high surface tension, so that may play a large role. So water doesn’t act as a very good channel for airflow. It’s also harder to drastically and suddenly shift the volume (temperature/pressure) of liquids compared to manipulating gasses.
The drops of water allows you to better expel all the air in between the two glasses, and then atmospheric pressure keeps them together
Cross over effect. “The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy “, Mark McCutcheon.
I wanted to know about this for so long! Thanks for the video.
Now i am smart enough after watching your videos for a long time to undestand the answer without watching the whole video
Great video. Excellently explained and demonstrated.
I learned this quickly (in school), when some kid asked to see my ruler and proceeded to break it in half. I was amazed and furious
It stays put due to the suction force between ruler and table. It takes more time than just bouncing the ball on the ruler for the air to be displaced and equalized between said objects. Never seen this trick, pretty neat though.
I came here from Hank Green's shorts about this experiment. Thank you for explaining it a bit more about atmospheric pressure!
3:20 If you can do it slowly, you cannot do it quickly.
1:15 into the video. i am guessing atmospheric pressure, underneath the paper is kind of a seal, when the ball hit the ruler, the other end of the ruler will try to lift off the paper. the lift will create negative pressure underneath, atmospheric pressure will push the paper down in turn pushing down the far end of the ruler.
It's not a genuine Action Lab video if there isn't any vacuum
4:05 it seems all my experiments end up this way - funny because its true! I love it 😹
Pretty sure I understood when I saw it, but it’s always nice to see you explain things. It’s like a reverse parachute 😂
3:35 Sounds like a computer going “error error error error”
Why do we need school when we have this channel ? 😏💯🔥
But without school, how else are educators going to get dates with your kids?
Unfortunately education is not all about fun experiments. Also I saw that experiment at school. We just need better schools, I guess.
1:40 The slow blade pierces the shield, Usul.
Try this surface tension with water... you can create such powerfully effects and if you turn off the lights you can see a small spark of sonolominance from the air and volume pressure. HUGE AMOUNT of pressure energy
Excellent content like always. Thank you.
The ORIGINAL Root of Anti-Vaxxers:
Have you never wondered where it was? Did you assume no one can find it after all this time? Nah, Hbomberguy covered it in a video with 200k Likes now.
The roll of tape didn’t work because you didn’t use the tape right. 😂
I guessed it had something to do with the paper's surface area and air resistance
Putting it in a vacuum chamber is always a solution! Lol but true! You need a vacuum chamber emoji (and a hydraulic press emoji) for your channel membership!
I love videos like this. It makes your brain think even if you already know physics. You know it, but you don’t quite understand it until it’s put into use like this video. Thanks Action Lab!
Love how half the problems of science can be solved by using a vaccum chamber.
4:05 made me chuckle. It all goes back to the vacuum chamber!
This man shows us magic and explains it with science every single time...
"it seems my experiments always end up this way" got me
I remember this from Mr. Wizard! I never thought of it this way, but I guess YOU are the new Mr. Wizard.
It seems to be due to a sort of vacuum forming in between. Saying this at 1:49, although I suspected it before that. Kind of like a suction cup
“Well it seems that all of my experiments ends up this way but we need to try it on a vacuum chamber”
This got me 😂
I spent over 10 years, of my 30+ year aviation career, working in the composite shop of a major airline. We used to repair all the removable, damaged composite structures.
After we got rid of the damage, we had to replace the fibreglass, Kevlar or carbon fibre we'd removed with equivalent materials and use the approved resins to replicate the structural integrity and performance characteristics of the original layers.
Once we had all the multiple repair layers cut, properly orientated (the direction of the warp and weave), soaked in resin and stacked in place, we'd do our bagging.
This consisted of laying a release film directly onto the wet repair, followed by a felt-like bleeder cloth (sucks up excess resin) and another thicker layer, the breather cloth, to allow easy air flow as the vacuum forms, and finally an impermeable, stretchy bagging film held in place by sticky bagging tape around the repair area. Then we'd hook up our pressure gauges and vacuum lines, seal up any leaks we'd missed along the bagging tape, and watch the Earth's atmosphere press down on that repair area at about 14.5 pound per square inch.
A 1 foot square repair section would have the equivalent clamping force of over a ton (2088 lbs) of weight, evenly distributed over its surface, and thus compressing the repair layers and squeezing out the excess resin sufficient to replicate the original manufactured characteristics. (there were also temperature controlled heat blankets and or lamps involved to cure the resin at the required temperatures). Side note: the pressure was so great, that the outline of a piece of masking tape, used to hold the release film in place, could often be seen through the multiple layers of bleeder and breather cloth.
And that's how I knew why the paper was holding down the ruler, lol.
Interesting to note this atmospheric pressure was the same regardless of the repair area's orientation-upside down or sideways made no difference, just like you'd get crushed from all directions simultaneously at ocean depths. Also interesting to note that similar composite repairs, in mile high cities like Mexico City or Denver, can never get the same degree of compression and will always be intrinsically weaker.
One last thing. Some of the more critical parts, requiring higher performance, are manufactured and cured in pressurized ovens where the vacuum bagging is being pressed on by significantly more than sea level air pressure. Their engineers give limits to repair schemes that can take place without using a similar pressure vessel.
Thus ends my Ted Talk, lol.
This sir would certainly get you a trophy from Penn & Tellers Fool Us show 😎
saw a similar demonstration as a kid in the 80s
inspired me to start looking for the 'why' of things
i don't regret it
The simplicity of this experiment just shows how underrated science really is
Using a ball bearing and a magnet to improvise that stage of experiment was real smart
An awesome idea for a bar trick! As long as you happen to have a ruler, a paper sheet and a ball on you
This was a perfect explanation and experiment. Thanks!
It's a pleasant surprise that this tik-tok actually had science behind it.
My heart jumped when he reached for that first droped ruler. Watch out!!
This man have this genuine curiosity in everyone of his videos. I truly admire that.
We are doing the ideal gas law in my Chemistry class. I just demonstrated this last week, but these are AWESOME experiments. Going to do these experiments in my class this week. Thank you!
Even know why from the moment the video started it was still enjoyable to watch.
Another fun one with kids is putting a paper on a glass filled with some water. Flip upside down and the paper and negative pressure in the cup are enough to hold the water in it…. Until the water starts soaking through paper. Learned that as a kid. Forget where.
It's the kind of stuff that i could poorly explain but still get a very close explanation, amazing experiments
Love you went into detail & did the vacuum test to back up the theory as well 👍🏻
I'm so glad you didn't bump your head when you stood up in the first scene.
This is how science should be taught in school.
I was an Endel user during their beta tests and I've been a subscriber ever since
Instantly I watched this I tried it myself and it worked... Wao... I could not believe this at first site until I tried it myself... Thanks for explaining why...
I love the knowledge and the “why” stuff happens that you teach. Good stuff!!
This channel helped me a lot understand things, so I don't skip every ads on his videos.
Another good random RUclips recommendation. Thank you to content creator and RUclips again.
LMFAO at you having to pick up the ball and the ruler every time they drop.
First time duct tape ever failed in a fair fight.
Even though I knew what’s what from the tilt me and a thumbnail, I enjoyed it. Especially the vacuum chamber.
As soon as he started talking about air and resistance I was like "vacuume chamber!!"
That's why flipping pages of rarely opened books is difficult 😂
I watched this video as the final video I was going to watch before going to bed (it's 3:25 am) and then you do a sponsor on something that might actually help with that lmao!
I will probably try this out once I get a chance!
Not going to lie i almost lost it when he brought out the vacuum chamber. Hahaha
This trick has been blowing minds for 40 years...
I was only thinking about air resistance but the low pressure plays a big role, thanks for a very educational vid
Mr. Wizard taught me this back in '85 we used to snap wood rulers using paper
4:05 "it seems all my experiments end up in a vacuum chamber, but this time we really need it" 😂 😂 😂
I like the tie-in of the vacuum chamber.
I'm marvelled with all the dynamics of air pressure but to be honest I've never really understood it. This is one thing my intuition couldn't grasp yet. James' explanations are thorough, creative, fun to watch and definitelly competent. I'll get to understand it someday!
My toxic trait is watching this sorcery then thinking I could probably be a physics teacher
I remember seeing Julius Sumner Miller do this experiment many years ago. It's a great demonstration.
Ah yes my old first grade hustle lmao completely forgot about it and I'm glad it got a video 🤣🤣 never really thought about the science behind it as a kid
Perfect demonstration of power of air pressure
I watch youtube short few days ago about some people doing this trick on tiktok. Then today i saw this video you explaining it