Here is a bit of trivia for you all. The Turks identified Modu Chanyu to be the Oghuz Khagan due to the similarities of their stories. Oghuz Khagan is believed to be the father of the Turkic peoples and the Turkish Army considers Modu to be the founder of the Turkish army.
You should do a episode of Cao Cao during the end of the Han Dynasty From what I was reading Pretty Kool guy so wont spoil his story Your art work with the story telling really works so ill let you Bro's come up with something
You have great content that is being ruined by all the adds that RUclips is throwing at viewers. 5 Ad interruptions in the first 8 minutes of this video!
Later the Yuezhi people were hellenised by the Alexander's descendants and even built the Kushan Empire. Greek culture and Graeco Buddhism thrives in the Kushan Empire.
Yeah, the steppe nomads were just incredibly diverse and they were very open to new ideas. Previous historians were trying too hard to pin down their ethnicity and it just led to too many dead ends. It took them a while until they realised that ideas and cultures are not defined by ethnicity.
There was also a theory that only language migrated and peoole less. I guess we have to stop looking out of our nowaday nationalistic perspective. Peoole back then were more pragmatic
Yes they adopted strong part Hellenistic culture but with time they were more Indianised. Major part of Kushan empire was in ancient Indian territories included mordern day areas of mordern Afghanistan, pakistan and large part of northen India.Many kushan kings supported Mahayana buddhism. The greatest king of kushan Kanishka I was great promoter Buddhism. Hinduism was also other major religion kushan supported. They also adopted some part Zoroastrian part. Kujula Kadphises the founder kushan empire who adopted greek religious Ideas but is said to be also a devotee of Shiva ( Hindu God). One of the name used by some kushan kings was Vasudeva a pure sanskrit name.
209 b.c is Establishment year of Turkish land forces, crown year of mo-du chanyu we call him Mete Han. we still use his name in Turkey. you can see lots of people named Mete Han here
@@steppe7214 i think you know nothing about turkic history. Turkish people are from oghuz tribe(one of the turkic tribe).They migrated to anatolia(turkey) from central asia in 11. century. lol
@@enderkurnaz8344 Yeah, that's true. No one is opposing that. But Turkics of that era is much more closer to Mongols and Kazakhs compared to today's Turkish.
@@bxyhxyh I mean genetically, ancient Turks such as a Princess of the Ashina clan were quite diverse in genetics just as people are today. I believe we have some interesting remains of Xiongnu, Xianbei, and other nomadic peoples that have both mixed and almost pure ancestry. The Ashina Princess for example is quite genetically pure, being almost entirely North Eastern Asian in descent. In reality, it wasn't really genetics that made Turkic, Chinese, or really any people it's more of a cultural legacy that makes the people. I'm actually curious, however, how much the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turks, and Mongols have introduced to the Northern Han in terms of genetics.
@@condorX2 yeah but you can't rule a country just by being benevolent...if anything, liubang is not known to be an upright man considering how he backstabbed xiangyu to obtain his throne.
@@lyhthegreat Xiang Yu betrayed him first by dishonerably seiging him down and trying to seize him when chu and han were specifically in a ceasefire and signing a treaty to divide china north and south through the Yangze under the poisonous whispers of his advisors who are thought to have said "Liu Bang is here why not take him by surprise and kill him right now ? Heaven knows if you kill liu Bang right now the entire kingdom is yours to rule !". And the Chinese people have the pig headed brains of Xiang Yu to thank for almost having the whole south of former Qin but throwing it all away for some stupid high risk high reward gamble . Liu Bang uniting china was the best thing to ever happen to the middle kingdom wherein the name of his dynasty "han" is still the name for ethnic chinese to this day.
With such quality I am genuinely surprised you don't have faaar more subscribers. This is the perfect fusion of great animation, great entertainment and great education. RUclips should recommend you to people, I only found out about you through a collaboration with another channel that you did, although I forgot what that was
@@Ottoman1517 Xiongnu is as video mentioned ascendants of many steppe tribes. So Xiongnu is both Turkic and Mongolic. But tbh, Turkics of that era is more closer to Mongols than Turkish tho.
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
@@voidconsumer You know, countries also try to own the history for their countries' or ethnics' benefits if that historical event was great. For example, communist China do this in a very big scale. Let's say those certain things. 1. Xiongnu is from today's Mongol land. Not from today's Turkish land. 2. After the fall of Xiongnu empire, some royal family and their tribes FLED to today's turkish land and mixed with that place's native people. So how can today's Turkey can be direct descendants of Xiongnu if the CORE initial was in Mongol land? 3. And your dna link says: "They also found DNA sequences similar to those in present-day Turks" Nothing about, we couldn't find Mongolian DNA. It's just they didn't mention about Mongolian DNA. "DNA from a 2,000-year-old burial site in MONGOLIA has revealed new information about the Xiongnu" "supporting the idea that SOME OF TURKISH people ORIGINATED in MONGOLIA". Also in my OPINION. Xiongnu looked more closer to mongols than today's turkish people. Because it's 2000 years have passed since those people left their home land and mixed with native people of reached land of that era. And I read most of your sources and comments. It seems you're believing that Xiongnu tribes never been married to other steppe tribes which I find very unlikely. Because in the steppe customs you had to be married with distant tribe person to prevent inbreed. 300 years Xiongnu were on Mongol land. And it's the first ever history proven country that has been on Mongol land. Even tho, we Mongolians believe there were a country even before Xiongnu empire In that 300 years, royals and peasants have been living on Mongol land. Even after Xiongnu empire has fallen, majority of Xiongnu people still lived on Mongol land, and married with other steppe tribes. So I'd say. Both Mongols and Turks are descendants of Xiongnu. It's not just Turks. Mongols, Kazakhs and Uigurs are all descendants of Xiongnu. I just don't like people try to own the historical just for them while it's in fact never like that. It's like saying Vikings are only Swedish, while Vikings are from whole Scandinavia instead of just Sweden.
@@voidconsumer Many people think it was ONLY TurkISH instead of TurkIC tho. That pisses me off. Also I appreciate on how you talk about and quote from historical papers. But I fail to see reply to my points from them. So I'm gonna ask these questions just to clarify my point. After the fall of Xiongnu empire, how many percents of Xiongnu people moved to west? And why do you think people who remained there isn't from Xiongnu ethnic? If Xiongnu people had children and remained there, would that make them not Xiongnu? Do you really think in that 300 years, there were no intermix between tribes? DNA tests were mainly to point-out to Turkic and Turkish genetics, but have you seen some papers on how it compared to the Mongolian genetics?
They are Turks The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28] The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower Collisions and trade with the Xiongnu , fierce Turkic-speaking nomads of the north and west, began in the life- time of Confucius. “The Emergence of an International System in East Asia.” East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World, by WARREN I. COHEN, Columbia University Press, NEW YORK, 2000, pp. 1-61. which is about the Han Dynasty general Su Wu, who was captured in 100 b.c. while on a diplomatic mission to the Xiongnu , a Turkic clan in central Asia. “FROM LUN ON AND LUN HOP TO THE GREAT CHINA THEATER, 1922-1925.” Chinatown Opera Theater in North America, by Nancy Yunhwa Rao, University of Illinois Press, Urbana; Chicago; Springfield, 2017, pp. 152-184. The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu , whose confederation had broken up “Reunification in the Buddhist Age.” China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition, by John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England, 2006, pp. 72-87. They aii belong to the Yugus branch of the western Xiongnu group of the Turkic languages, which are part of the Altaic language family. “The Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest China.” Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China, by JONATHAN N. LIPMAN, University of Washington Press, SEATTLE; LONDON, 1997, pp. 3-23. Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Land conl icts were also a factor in the frequent clashes from the third century BC onwards between the Chinese Qin and Han Dynasties and the alliance of Turkic nomads, called the Xiongnu people. In the third century BC, the Xiongnu bordered the northwest frontier of Chinese imperial lands, and controlled many of the key trading centers along the land-based routes of the Silk Roads all the way to the Caucasus Mountains. Barbier, E. (2010). The Rise of Cities (from 3000 BC to 1000 AD). In Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through Natural Resource Exploitation (pp. 84-156). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511781131.004 It was the Hsiung-nu, a Turkic tribe , who first exerted pressure on the Chinese rulers in the north by capturing Lo-yang in 311 and Ch'ang-an in 316. From this period on, north China was under the sway of non- Chinese rulers. “INITIAL CONTACT AND RESPONSE: BUDDHISM UNDER THE EASTERN CHIN DYNASTY.” Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey, by KENNETH K. S. CH’EN, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1964, pp. 57-93.
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" *Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119.
@@RaiderCubbeli The Xiongnu are originally a Scythian-Saka group of tribes, related to the ancient Cimmerians, Alans etc... However there is a strong evidence that the proto-Xiongnu absorbed the remnants of the Xia-dynasty and some part of the ancestors of the Chinese people! In late times the Xiongnu also absorbed Kettic-Yeniseian and Samoyedic tribes or fragments!
DNA from a 2,000-year-old burial site in Mongolia has revealed new information about the Xiongnu, a nomadic tribe that once reigned in Central Asia. Researchers in France studied DNA from more than 62 skeletons to reconstruct the history and social organization of a long-forgotten culture. The researchers found that interbreeding between Europeans and Asians occurred much earlier than previously thought. They also found DNA sequences similar to those in present-day Turks, supporting the idea that some of the Turkish people originated in Mongolia. Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period. Keyser-Tracqui, C., et al. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis of a 2,000-year-old necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongolia. American Journal of Human Genetics73, 247-260 (August 2003).
Turkey hahaha you are funny greek man, turkey are greeks and arminians they were invaded and turkified by few oguz tribes less than 12 % of the population of turkey are turks, and there no evidence that the xiongnu were turks its just a mere speculation nothing more
Xiongnu is Turkic: The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. - Suishu, 84
Thank you for the video. It fills a much needed niche here on the Internet, with its detailed narrations of Ancient Chinese History, there is no channel like this. It is a matter of time before the algorithm clicks and this starts getting hundreds of thousands of views. There is a part of the story I would like a bit more of explanation about. The part regarding Liu Bang bribing Modu's wife to escape the blockade. What could Liu Bang have offered to her for she to do something as extreme as helping the emperor of the enemy nation escape? Was it only riches or was it something else? On the other hand, how did she convince Modu to relax the blockade, to do such a disadvantegous military maneuver? What excuse could she have given? I am really curious about it, if someone knows I would be honestly grateful for an answer. Have a wonderful day.
Actually there are more details that didn't make it into the final script for the sake of brevity. Hanxin's men, which were supposed meet up with Modu failed to come and Modu was suspicious of their betrayal. Also, Liu Bang was a popular leader. They figured that they might not be able to hold onto the land even if they killed Liu Bang. I think they know that the sedentary population would be difficult to rule for a nomadic empire and preferred to acquire the goods rather than directly ruling them.
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 Weishu "vol. 103 section Gāochē" text: 高車，蓋古赤狄之餘種也，初號為狄歷，北方以為勑勒，諸夏以為高車、丁零。其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也。其種有狄氏、袁紇氏、斛律氏、解批氏、護骨氏、異奇斤氏。" transl. "Gaoche, probably remnant stocks of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili, in the North they are considered Chile, the various Xia(i.e. Chinese) consider them Gaoche Dingling / Dingling with High-Carts. Their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though there are small differences. Or one may say they were sons-in-laws / sororal nephews of their Xiongnu predecessors. Their tribes are Di, Yuanhe, Hulu, Jiepi, Hugu, Yiqijin." The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" Book of Wei. Vol. 102. "悅般國，在烏孫西北，去代一萬九百三十里。其先，匈奴北單于之部落也。" Tr. "Yueban State is to the northwest of Wusun, at a distant of 10,930 lĭ from Dai. It formerly [was] the Northern Xiongnu chanyu's tribe." Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119. Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2. Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu. Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176. History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99 Book of Zhou, vol. 50 Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005) Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu" Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants." Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) 舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon. The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands. The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground. - Suishu, 84
I really like your channel. The effort you guys put into it is absolutely admirable. I do, however, have a request - would you in the future please add the Chinese names (scripts) of the characters and geographic locations, dynasties etc in your video (instead of just pinyin) as it would make the stories so much easier to follow for us who grew up as a kid learning all these history in Chinese ( Cantonese, in particular)? Also, I think it would also be more interesting if you'd mention the present day locations of some of the geography in your videos, for example, say, " The Xiongnu Empire covered what is today's Mongolia, Southern Russia, Turkmenistan..." Thank you and wish you all the best.
2:05 I do not know exactly when, but there was report later collected by Chinese Dynasty that some of southeastern Korean peninsula population was diaspora originated from northern China(?) due to Qin Shi Huang. Maybe it is related to this. There's Xiongnu culture influence within SIlla, which is very weird.
In the early times Turkic tribes in Syberia were more Caucasoid, without east Asia admixture. Here we have evidences about it. _Austrian turkologist Otto Maenchen-Helfen:_ "Bronze in a British museum from the Ordos region, which for a long time was under the rule of Xiongnu, *shows us a Caucasoid, we note thick mustaches and wide open eyes... * _A double burial in a desert region north of Minefeng is quite eloquent. Polychrome silk, jackets, pants, stockings, and shoes are the same as in Noin-Ula. But the person depicted on the fabric has distinctly Caucasoid features. The buried couple also represents the Caucasoids... _ _Liu Yuan, the Xiongnu conqueror of Luoyang in 311, had a height of 184cm; in his long beard were red hair... _ _After the conquest of the territory of Tuva by the Xiongnu in the second century BC, its population, which was mixed with the preponderance of the Caucasoid features, became not less, but more Caucasoid". _ [Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen. The World of the Huns - Berkeley-Los Angeles-London: University of California Press, 1973 - p.370, 371-372, 373, 374]
Interesting fact, Modu’s arrival date at the head of the Xiongnu (Eastern Hun Confederacy) is considered by the Turkish Land Force as the official date of birth of the Turkish Army … The discipline, the mindset and the organization is still operating in the modern Turkish army in different shape
This is an excellent channel. History is amazing. I am interested to know what happened to the Xiongnu. Where did they do? They couldn't just vanish into the thin air.
In the case of Early Pre-Proto-Mongolic, certain loanwords in the Mongolic languages point to early contact with Oghur (Pre-Proto-Bulgaric) Turkic, also known as r-Turkic. These loanwords precede Common Turkic (z-Turkic) loanwords and include: • Mongolic ikere (twins) from Pre-Proto-Bulgaric ikir (versus Common Turkic ekiz) • • Mongolic hüker (ox) from Pre-Proto-Bulgaric hekür (Common Turkic öküz) • Mongolic jer (weapon) from Pre-Proto-Bulgaric jer (Common Turkic yäz) • • Mongolic biragu (calf) versus Common Turkic buzagu • Mongolic siri- (to smelt ore) versus Common Turkic siz- (to melt) • The above words are thought to have been borrowed from Oghur Turkic during the time of the Xiongnu.
Thank you very much for the detailed history of the Xiongnu and the Han Empire. The maps and graphics indeed help to enhance the understanding of your content. Keep up the fantastic research and the presentation.
Xiong-nu language in Chinese inscriptions 撑犁 (Chēng lí) 撑犁 term in Chinese inscriptions is associated with the old Turkic tengri. Tengri means sky. 瓯脱 (Ōu tuō) 瓯脱 means room[7]. Borrowed from Proto-Turkic *otag[8], also reconstructed as *ōtag. Although linguists concentrate on *otag, since long vowels are not preserved in languages that need to be protected, there are also those who claim that it is derived from the Proto-Turkic word *ōtwhich means fire(see Proto-Turkic Vocabulary lesson). *otag means tent or room, but also fireplace is suggested. 头曼 (Tóu màn) The name Touman is likely related to a word meaning '10,000, a myriad' Old Turkic tümän
Dur-mak= to keep being present/there (~to remain/~to survive) thurur =permanent bokha-thor> boğatur >bahadır=hero> Boğatur> Baatur> Modu Xiong-nu = Kün-oglu = Sun's son = Son of the sun Shan-yu =(Şanlı) Şan-luw = he got a glory /fame Chenk-li =(Cenkli) Cenk-aluw = (he's won war) = victory
The first time in history was the Asian Hun ruler Mete Han who gathered the Turks under a flag. Get There !! "As the Turkish child gets to know his ancestors, he will find strength in himself to do greater things." * Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
I really respect your efforts. Can you please do a video on Lin Zexu? I am really interested in this personality but there is not enough information in English sources. Great engaging videos! Thanks for sharing knowledge of East Asian history.
Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28] The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
Most Royal families are in my tree. House of Wessex met Charlemagne who met House of Arpad and through them it goes through the Huns and into the Xiongnu and into the Maternal line of the Chinese Han Dynasty. ALL or most European nobility have Han Chinese Royal maternal lineage.
Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Proponents of a Turkic language theory include E.H. Parker, Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Kurakichi Shiratori, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain, and Omeljan Pritsak.[13] Some sources say the ruling class was proto-Turkic.[12][82] Craig Benjamin sees the Xiongnu as proto-Turks who possibly spoke a language related to the Dingling.[83] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] It has been widely held that the Xiongnu, or at least their ruling clans, had or were acquiring a Turkic identity. (The Turks in World History-Oxford University Press) Around 155, the northern Hsiung-nu, who were most probably of Turkic stock and were established in the Orkhon region of upper Mongolia (Rene Grousset) The dominant nomad people in the Mongolian steppe in the 7th century, the Tujue, were identified with the Turks and claimed to be descended from the Xiongnu. A number of Xiongnu customs do suggest Turkish affinity, which has led some historians to suggest that the western Xiongnu may have been the ancestors of the European Turks of later centuries. www.britannica.com/topic/Xiongnu Their ethnical affinities have been much discussed; but it is most probable that they were of the Turki stock, as were the Huns, their later western representatives. They are the first Turkish people mentioned by the Chinese. en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Hiung-nu Including Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Shiratori Kurakichi, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain and Omeljan Pritsak, believe it was a Turkic language. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Xiongnu Some scholars think they were a Turkic tribe descended from the Xiongnu, a group of pastoral nomads who unified much of Asia during the late third and early second centuries B.C. www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/people/reference/who-were-ruthless-warriors-behind-attila-hun/ The earliest references to peoples that are presumed to be Turkic date to the era of the Xiongnu (2nd century BC), well before the appearance of the Türks proper (mid-6th century AD). www.college-de-france.fr/site/gilles-veinstein/The-Question-of-Turk-Origins__1.htm Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period. www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_03/ancient.shtml John Man, Attila: the barbarian king who challenged Rome, Bantam, 2005, p.62. University of Michigan. ISBN 0593052919, 9780593052914: • "The Xiongnu also worshipped Tengri. A history of the Han dynasty (206 BC - AD 8), written towards the end of the first century by the historian Pan Ku, in a section on the Xiongnu, says, 'They refer to their ruler by the title cheng li [a transliteration of tengri] ku t'u [son] shan-yii [king]' i.e. something like 'His Majesty, the Son of Heaven'. In early Turkish inscriptions, the ruler has his power from Tengri; and Tengri was the name given to Uighur kings of the eighth and ninth centuries." The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu, whose confederation ... The most outstanding were the Toba Turks, who set up their Northern Wei dynasty (386 - 535) (China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition - Harvard University Press) The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han (Dictionary of Music-Harvard University Press) It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers.[23][24][25][26][27] The Hun hordes of Attila, who invaded and conquered much of Europe in the 5th century, may have been Turkic and descendants of the Xiongnu.[21][28][29] en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey The earliest separate Turkic peoples appeared on the peripheries of the late Xiongnu confederation about 200 BCE[70] (contemporaneous with the Chinese Han Dynasty).[71] It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers.[72][73][74][75][76] a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. biography.yourdictionary.com/shih-le The oldest historical evidence of a Turkic people is contained in Chinese sources of the 3rd century BC, in which the Huns are mentioned. The original settlement area of the Turkic peoples was in southern Siberia. The Turkic peoples of the Huns, Khazars, Onogurs, Protobulgarians, Volga Bulgarians, Pechenegen and Kumans have assimilated. www.igenea.com/en/ancient-tribes/turkic-peoples The Balkars speak the Karachay-Balkar language, which belongs to the Kipchak Subgroup of the West Hunnic Branch of the Turkic Language Family. www.encyclopedia.com/history/modern-europe/russian-soviet-and-cis-history/balkars Shih Le was a Chieh, a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shih-le In 104, 102, and 42 b.c.e. Chinese armies defeated the Turkic nomad Xiongnu alongside captive Roman soldiers in the former Greek kingdom of Sogdiana. www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/globalization-asia From this a some scholars hold that the Xiongnu had a script similar to Eurasian runiform and this alphabet itself served as the basis for the ancient Turkic writing.[127] The Huns, who carried later the name of the Turks, originate in a country in the north of China. www.cambridge.org/core/books/empires-and-exchanges-in-eurasian-late-antiquity/xiongnu-and-huns/A50D5FA09C67752CB0CD2E3441F87840/core-reader
Later Turkic peoples in Mongolia all spoke forms of Common Turkic (z-Turkic) as opposed to Oghur (Bulgharic) Turkic, which withdrew to the west in the 4th century. The Chuvash language, spoken by 1 million people in European Russia, is the only living representative of Oghur Turkic which split from Proto Turkic around the 1st century AD. Words in Mongolic like dayir (brown, Common Turkic yagiz) and nidurga (fist, Common Turkic yudruk) with initial *d and *n versus Common Turkic *y are sufficiently archaic to indicate loans from an earlier stage of Oghur (Pre-Proto-Bulgaric). This is because Chuvash and Common Turkic do not differ in these features despite differing fundamentally in rhotacism-lambdacism (Janhunen 2006). Oghur tribes lived in the Mongolian borderlands before the 5th century, and provided Oghur loanwords to Early Pre-Proto-Mongolic before Common Turkic loanwords.
This can be surmised by analysing the names of Hunnic princes and tribes. The names of the following Hunnic princes are clearly Oghuric Turkic in origin: Mundzuk (Attila’s father, from Turkic Muncˇuq = pearl/jewel; for an in-depth discussion of the Hunnic origin of this name in particular see Schramm (1969), 139-40), Oktar/Uptar (Attila’s uncle, Öktär = brave/powerful), Oebarsius (another of Attila’s paternal uncles, Aïbârs = leopard of the moon), Karaton (Hunnic supreme king before Ruga, Qarâton = black-cloak), Basik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, early fifth century, Bârsig˘ = governor), Kursik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, from either Kürsig˘ , meaning brave or noble, or Quršiq meaning beltbearer). For these etymologies see Bona (1991), 33. Three of Attila’s known sons 40 have probable Turkic names: Ellac, Dengizich, Hernak, and Attila’s princi pal wife, the mother of the ‘crown prince’ Ellac, has the Turkic name Here kan, as does another notable wife named Eskam. See Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 392-415. See also Bona (1991), 33-5, and Pritsak (1956), 414. Most known Hunnic tribal names are also Turkic, Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 427-41, e.g. Ultincur, Akatir etc. The cur suffix in many of these names is a well-known Turkic title and as Beckwith (1987), 209, points out the To-lu or Tardus tribes (Hunnic in origin) of the Western Turkish On Oq were each headed by a Cur (noble). Zieme (2006), 115, speculates that the title cur belongs to a pre-Turkic Tocharian stratum of the Turkic language, which, if true, again highlights the essential heterogeneity of Central Asian peoples and even languages. See also Aalto (1971), 35. In addition to this primary language (Oghuric Turkic), Priscus informs us that Latin and Gothic were also understood by the Hunnic elite. See Priscus, fr. 13.3, Blockley (1983), 289. Mclaughlin, Professors Hyun & Lieu, Rome and China: Points of Contact (Routledge, 2021)
Xiongnu or Hunnic empire is first proto Mongolian empire.On this day, China and Turkic countries tried to claim that Hunnic empire belongs to them . However, Mongolian and American archaeologists and historians jointly proved that the Huns are the direct ancestors of the Mongols.
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 Weishu "vol. 103 section Gāochē" text: 高車，蓋古赤狄之餘種也，初號為狄歷，北方以為勑勒，諸夏以為高車、丁零。其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也。其種有狄氏、袁紇氏、斛律氏、解批氏、護骨氏、異奇斤氏。" transl. "Gaoche, probably remnant stocks of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili, in the North they are considered Chile, the various Xia(i.e. Chinese) consider them Gaoche Dingling / Dingling with High-Carts. Their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though there are small differences. Or one may say they were sons-in-laws / sororal nephews of their Xiongnu predecessors. Their tribes are Di, Yuanhe, Hulu, Jiepi, Hugu, Yiqijin." The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" Book of Wei. Vol. 102. "悅般國，在烏孫西北，去代一萬九百三十里。其先，匈奴北單于之部落也。" Tr. "Yueban State is to the northwest of Wusun, at a distant of 10,930 lĭ from Dai. It formerly [was] the Northern Xiongnu chanyu's tribe." Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119. Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2. Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu. Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176. History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99 Book of Zhou, vol. 50 Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005) Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu" Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants." Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) 舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon. The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands. The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground. - Suishu, 84
This can be surmised by analysing the names of Hunnic princes and tribes. The names of the following Hunnic princes are clearly Oghuric Turkic in origin: Mundzuk (Attila’s father, from Turkic Muncˇuq = pearl/jewel; for an in-depth discussion of the Hunnic origin of this name in particular see Schramm (1969), 139-40), Oktar/Uptar (Attila’s uncle, Öktär = brave/powerful), Oebarsius (another of Attila’s paternal uncles, Aïbârs = leopard of the moon), Karaton (Hunnic supreme king before Ruga, Qarâton = black-cloak), Basik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, early fifth century, Bârsig˘ = governor), Kursik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, from either Kürsig˘ , meaning brave or noble, or Quršiq meaning beltbearer). For these etymologies see Bona (1991), 33. Three of Attila’s known sons 40 have probable Turkic names: Ellac, Dengizich, Hernak, and Attila’s princi pal wife, the mother of the ‘crown prince’ Ellac, has the Turkic name Here kan, as does another notable wife named Eskam. See Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 392-415. See also Bona (1991), 33-5, and Pritsak (1956), 414. Most known Hunnic tribal names are also Turkic, Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 427-41, e.g. Ultincur, Akatir etc. The cur suffix in many of these names is a well-known Turkic title and as Beckwith (1987), 209, points out the To-lu or Tardus tribes (Hunnic in origin) of the Western Turkish On Oq were each headed by a Cur (noble). Zieme (2006), 115, speculates that the title cur belongs to a pre-Turkic Tocharian stratum of the Turkic language, which, if true, again highlights the essential heterogeneity of Central Asian peoples and even languages. See also Aalto (1971), 35. In addition to this primary language (Oghuric Turkic), Priscus informs us that Latin and Gothic were also understood by the Hunnic elite. See Priscus, fr. 13.3, Blockley (1983), 289. Mclaughlin, Professors Hyun & Lieu, Rome and China: Points of Contact (Routledge, 2021)
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
Because he's based on Modu Chan Yu. I've seen Modu Chan Yu's picture /imaginary of course/ being as exactly same as Shan Yu from Mulan even before Mulan is released. So I thought they took his design from that picture. But I can't find it from anywhere. Oh btw two things came from his shoulders are actually tails of wolves or foxes.
The language of the 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰 people (Ou)=U= it's / that (here it's) >Më’u >Mu =Bu= this (there it’s) >Thë’u >Tsu =Şu= that (şu=~xiou) (yes it’s) >Hë’u >Hau =O= it (he /she) (Al /ël)=(bearer/carrier) ël-diger>Ol diğer= Alter > other (Iz- uz) = S (plural suffix - doubling) Der/Dar=(der = diger> other) ...(dar=narrow> nearest to the other) (Ler/Lar)= plural suffixes > Ol diğer>elder/ uldar/ ular Ön>eun>une>fore>first-one>front Bir>ber>per>pri>pre>proto>fore>first one Baş>beş>pesh>front>fifth-finger>first one>ahead (önce=~firstly)-(önünde/öncesi=~before)-(öncü=pioneer) Ka=(Qua)= which Ka-u> Ki =(Qui)=which that (Eun-de-ka-u) >Öndeki >(anterior)= which one’s in front (which one’s ahead) (Ka-eun-de-u) >Kendi >(own)= which one’s the fore ( which one’s the first) (euz=öz= self) (kendisi=own self /kendi özü=oneself) our language (this one)= Mu-eun > (Men)> Ben = I / me (eun-weu) (that one)= Tsu-eun > (xien/thien)> Sen = You (eun-thu) (the one) = Hë’u -eun > (an /on) > O = it (he /she) (eun-hëu) (these ones)= Mu-eun-iz>(miŋiz)> Biz = We (eun-weu-s) (those ones)=Tsu-eun-iz>(siŋiz)> Siz = You (eun-thu-s) (plural) Hau-ël> Ol =O= it (he /she) El=someone else (~bearer / hand) (El-der)= Eller= other people (different persons) Hau-ël-dar= (Ouldar) =Ullar (The bearer and other-s nearest to it/him) Hau-eun-dar= (Andar)=Onlar= They Mu-ël-dar=(Mouldar>Boullar) =(This bearer and other-s nearest to this) Mu-eun-dar= (Moundar>Bounnar)=Bunlar= These Tsu-ël-dar=(Xiouldar>Shoullar) =(That bearer and other-s nearest to that) Tsu-eun-dar=(Xioundar>Shounnar)=Şunlar= Those Dayı=(maternal) uncle Dayım=my uncle Dayımlar=my uncle and other ones closest to him=(~my uncle and his family) or (~my uncle and his close friends) Dayılarım=my uncles ikiz=(two similar ones) =twin ikiler =two and other dual ones üçüz=(three similar ones)=triplet üçler = three and other triple ones her = every her bir= each her-bir-u = her biri = each one bir-u-her =birer = single each iki-tsu-her =ikişer =two each (each one’s a dual) üç-u-her = üçer =three each ( each one’s a triple) yedi-tsu-her = yedişer = each one's a septet (Mu-ëun-iŋ)=Meniŋ=Benim=My (Tsu-ëun-iŋ)=Seniŋ=Senin=Your (Ou-ël-ëun-iŋ)=Olniŋ=Onun=His/her/its (Mu-ëun-iz-iŋ)=Mŋiziŋ=Bizim=Our (Tsu-ëun-iz-iŋ)=Sŋiziŋ=Sizin=Your (Plural) (Ou-ël-ëun-dar-iŋ)=Olndarıŋ=Onların=Their Ka-u=Ki=(Qui)=which that (Meniŋ-ka-u):=which that my...= benimki=mine (Seniŋ-ka-u):=which that your = seninki=yours (Olniŋ-ka-u):=which that his/her/its= onunki= his/hers/its Çün=(chiun)=factor Ka=(Qua)= (which) U=(ou)= it's (that) (Ka-u)= Ki=(Qui)=which that (Çün-ka-u)=(factor-which-that) =Çünki =(c'est-pour-quoi)=(that's why)=(therefore)= Because U-Çün = the Factor İçün=it's for= için=for Mak/Mek...(ımak/emek)= process/ exertion Gel-mek= to come (the process of coming) Gel-mek için = for coming =(the factor to the process of coming) Görmek için= for seeing Gitmek için= for going for deriving new adjectives from verbs A/e=to Çün=factor ( Jiu= intermediary factor /agent of) suffixes..(Icı-ici-ucu-ücü) (the pronunciation is like ~uji) ...A/e +U+Çü =It's intermediary factor To .. (geç-e-u-jiu) =it has an intermediary factor to pass =Geçici = transient /temporary (uç-a-u-jiu) =it has an intermediary factor to fly = Uçucu = volatile (kal-a-u-jiu) =it has an intermediary factor to remain = Kalıcı = permanent (yan-a-u-jiu) =it has an intermediary factor to burn out = Yanıcı = flammable (yanıcı madde=flammable material) (bağla-y-a-u-jiu) =it has an intermediary factor to biind/connect = Bağlayıcı = binding/connective for deriving new adjectives from nouns and adjectives Çün=factor ( Jiu= intermediary factor /agent of) suffixes.. (Cı-ci-cu-cü) or (Çı-çi-çu-çü) =busyness (mostly about mision and profession) (jaban-jiu) Yabancı = (outsider)=foreign-er (ish-jiu> İşçi= work-er kapıcı=doorman demirci=ironsmith gemici=sailor deŋizci=seaman for deriving adjectives from the numbers U-Ne-Jiu =that-what-factor suffixes..(Ncı-ncu-nci-ncü) (Bir-u-ne-jiu)=Birinci= ~first (initial) (İki-u-ne-jiu)= İkinci= second (Üç-u-ne-jiu)= Üçüncü=third (Miŋ-u-ne-jiu)=Bininci=thousandth Annemiŋ pişirdiği tavuk çorbası =(Anne-m-iŋ Biş-dir-di-qa-u Tavğuk Chorba-tsu)= the chicken soup which (belongs to that) my mom cook-ed... Arkadaşımdan bana gelğen mektubu okudum= (Arkadaş-ım-daen meŋ-a (gel-qa-eun) mektup-u oku-du-m)= I've read the-letter (which-one-comes) from my friend to me Sen eve giderken = (Sen Ev-e Git-e-er u-ka-en) = (which-the-time You get-to-Go to-Home)= While you go home Seni gördüğüm yer = (Sen-u Gör-dü-qa-u-m yer) = (which-the-place I Saw (that) You) = Where I saw you İşe başlayacağı gün= iş-e başla-y'a-çak(qa)-u gün (Ki o gün işe başlayacak)=(which) the day s/he's gonna start to work
To not be confused with the General Han Xin and Han Xin King of Haan, Vietnamese we usually called them Hàn Tín (Han Xin) and Hàn Vương Tín (Xin, King of Han), respectively.
"The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18). Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns. To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown.
The Yuezhi and Wusun were predominantly made up of Indo-Europeans. You'd often see their depiction being mentioned with green, jade-like eyes and bright red coloured hairs. The Yuezhi would later on migrate westward towards the Hindu Kush and formed the Kushan Empire as they defeated the Greek Kingdom of Bactria in modern-day Afghanistan and the Indo-Greek Kingdom in modern-day Pakistan to Northern India.
Other scholars such as de la Vaissière, based on a recent reappraisal of the Chinese sources, suggest that the Hephthalites were initially of Turkic origin, and later adopted the Bactrian language, first for administrative purposes, and possibly later as a native language; according to Rezakhani (2017), this thesis is seemingly the "most prominent at present".[59][60][61] ly the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu" Joseph T. Arlinghaus referred to a Syriac chronicle from c. 555 CE, which mentions Khulas, Abdel, and Ephthalite as three of the nomadic tribes from the "lands of the Huns."
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
i really love how you guys present chinese history this way, makes me feel like the topic my canadian history teachers tend to miss or not truly understand when i was young (heck they don't even know much about indigenous culture so it is what it was). but in all honesty history is too big of a topic for one person to be a master of
bro this is not Chinese history. You must do more researches about the Xiongnu Empire. They did so many wars with Chinese and Modu Chanyu (or with its Turkish referance Mete Han) is known as father of Turkish army.
Han and Xiongnu were both descendants of Hsia. Anyway the Xiongnu were fully assimilated into the Chinese nation between the Fall of the Han dynasty and the Rise of the Tang dynasty.
In turkish history books its not mentioned that he killed his own wife for loyalty. In steppe nomad culture the wife was sacred and highly respected in the household tribes. Killing your own wife would mean huge disrespect against your own tribe. Its not logical because he would kill his own childrens mother for loyalty.
@ALP ER TUNGA I know Turks were a nomadic people, and I love Turkey. But no one can judge or change history. I like to study history with archeological and cultural facts. Let me give you a little information. The Turks have always been Muslims, while the Huns and ancient Mongols have worship ed the "Tengri" (sky). It is also the birthplace of Central Asia, where Mongolians still live. Modun Chanyu , the founder of the Hun dynasty, and his father, Toumen chanyu, have Mongolian names. Modun means 'tree', Toumen means "tens" and chanyu was the highest title of the Hun Dynasty.I have heard that Mongolians still use these names. I hope you understand. Take care of yourself.😉👌
The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus between the 4th and 6th century AD. They are nomads who have fought many times to expand from Central Asia to China to Europe. The Ruga king expanded to Europe. Then his two nephews, Attila and Bleda are ruled Europe. Attila was born in Europe during the conquest of Europe, so he is called a European or Turk, but his roots are in the center of Asia
I lived in Mongolia for 2 years. At that time, I saw monuments and wonderful exhibits from the Xiongnu period. I've seen a little bit about the Xiongnu. If I want to look at the expansion of the Xiongnu into Europe, I go to Europe, especially to Turkey.
@@blackksunnn2274 That doesnt make sense. "The Turks have always been Muslims, while the Huns and ancient Mongols have worship ed the "Tengri" (sky)." The Gökturk Empire was a Turkic Empire even the name was Turkic and their Religion was Tengrism.
The founders of the xiongnu state are Turks and the Mongols live as a minority within the state, that is, the state is a Turkish state. The same is true in the Mongol empire. The founders of the Mongolian empire are Mongols, but the Turks lived as a minority in the state.
@ALP ER TUNGA They are Turks The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28] The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower Collisions and trade with the Xiongnu , fierce Turkic-speaking nomads of the north and west, began in the life- time of Confucius. “The Emergence of an International System in East Asia.” East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World, by WARREN I. COHEN, Columbia University Press, NEW YORK, 2000, pp. 1-61. which is about the Han Dynasty general Su Wu, who was captured in 100 b.c. while on a diplomatic mission to the Xiongnu , a Turkic clan in central Asia. “FROM LUN ON AND LUN HOP TO THE GREAT CHINA THEATER, 1922-1925.” Chinatown Opera Theater in North America, by Nancy Yunhwa Rao, University of Illinois Press, Urbana; Chicago; Springfield, 2017, pp. 152-184. The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu , whose confederation had broken up “Reunification in the Buddhist Age.” China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition, by John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England, 2006, pp. 72-87. They aii belong to the Yugus branch of the western Xiongnu group of the Turkic languages, which are part of the Altaic language family. “The Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest China.” Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China, by JONATHAN N. LIPMAN, University of Washington Press, SEATTLE; LONDON, 1997, pp. 3-23. Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Land conl icts were also a factor in the frequent clashes from the third century BC onwards between the Chinese Qin and Han Dynasties and the alliance of Turkic nomads, called the Xiongnu people. In the third century BC, the Xiongnu bordered the northwest frontier of Chinese imperial lands, and controlled many of the key trading centers along the land-based routes of the Silk Roads all the way to the Caucasus Mountains. Barbier, E. (2010). The Rise of Cities (from 3000 BC to 1000 AD). In Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through Natural Resource Exploitation (pp. 84-156). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511781131.004 It was the Hsiung-nu, a Turkic tribe , who first exerted pressure on the Chinese rulers in the north by capturing Lo-yang in 311 and Ch'ang-an in 316. From this period on, north China was under the sway of non- Chinese rulers. “INITIAL CONTACT AND RESPONSE: BUDDHISM UNDER THE EASTERN CHIN DYNASTY.” Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey, by KENNETH K. S. CH’EN, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1964, pp. 57-93.
The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17. only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity. Vaissière, Etienne de la (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephthalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 122. "The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18). Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns. To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown. Gaoju, apparently, are the remaining branch of the ancient Chidi. Originally they were called "Dili", in the north they are called "Chile", and in China - "Gaoju Dinglings", i.e. High Carts Dinglings. Their language is generally similar to the Xiongnu, but sometimes there are small differences. - Book of Wei
Wei Shou (魏收). Book of Wei (History of Northern Wei Dynasty). Peking, Bo-na, 1958, pp. 26a-26b translation by Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of nomadic tribes in China 3rd-5th cc", Issue 2 "Jie", "Science", Moscow, 1990, p. 168, Note 158, ISBN 5-02-016543-3 The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" *Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119. Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2. Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu. Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176. History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99 Book of Zhou, vol. 50 Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005) Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu" Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants." Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) 舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon. The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands. The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground. - Suishu, 84 Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).
This can be surmised by analysing the names of Hunnic princes and tribes. The names of the following Hunnic princes are clearly Oghuric Turkic in origin: Mundzuk (Attila’s father, from Turkic Muncˇuq = pearl/jewel; for an in-depth discussion of the Hunnic origin of this name in particular see Schramm (1969), 139-40), Oktar/Uptar (Attila’s uncle, Öktär = brave/powerful), Oebarsius (another of Attila’s paternal uncles, Aïbârs = leopard of the moon), Karaton (Hunnic supreme king before Ruga, Qarâton = black-cloak), Basik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, early fifth century, Bârsig˘ = governor), Kursik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, from either Kürsig˘ , meaning brave or noble, or Quršiq meaning beltbearer). For these etymologies see Bona (1991), 33. Three of Attila’s known sons 40 have probable Turkic names: Ellac, Dengizich, Hernak, and Attila’s princi pal wife, the mother of the ‘crown prince’ Ellac, has the Turkic name Here kan, as does another notable wife named Eskam. See Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 392-415. See also Bona (1991), 33-5, and Pritsak (1956), 414. Most known Hunnic tribal names are also Turkic, Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 427-41, e.g. Ultincur, Akatir etc. The cur suffix in many of these names is a well-known Turkic title and as Beckwith (1987), 209, points out the To-lu or Tardus tribes (Hunnic in origin) of the Western Turkish On Oq were each headed by a Cur (noble). Zieme (2006), 115, speculates that the title cur belongs to a pre-Turkic Tocharian stratum of the Turkic language, which, if true, again highlights the essential heterogeneity of Central Asian peoples and even languages. See also Aalto (1971), 35. In addition to this primary language (Oghuric Turkic), Priscus informs us that Latin and Gothic were also understood by the Hunnic elite. See Priscus, fr. 13.3, Blockley (1983), 289. Mclaughlin, Professors Hyun & Lieu, Rome and China: Points of Contact (Routledge, 2021)
Modu Even more though guy than Genghizkhan. Really.. What brutal experience he faced? to come up with such baddas idea of killing his favorite horse, wife and father.. So after he became a boss, it's continued through a tribute to enemy with leaving them most precious property.. Horses and wives. He's really more badass than Genghizkhan
@@byambajavr6519 This can be surmised by analysing the names of Hunnic princes and tribes. The names of the following Hunnic princes are clearly Oghuric Turkic in origin: Mundzuk (Attila’s father, from Turkic Muncˇuq = pearl/jewel; for an in-depth discussion of the Hunnic origin of this name in particular see Schramm (1969), 139-40), Oktar/Uptar (Attila’s uncle, Öktär = brave/powerful), Oebarsius (another of Attila’s paternal uncles, Aïbârs = leopard of the moon), Karaton (Hunnic supreme king before Ruga, Qarâton = black-cloak), Basik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, early fifth century, Bârsig˘ = governor), Kursik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, from either Kürsig˘ , meaning brave or noble, or Quršiq meaning beltbearer). For these etymologies see Bona (1991), 33. Three of Attila’s known sons 40 have probable Turkic names: Ellac, Dengizich, Hernak, and Attila’s princi pal wife, the mother of the ‘crown prince’ Ellac, has the Turkic name Here kan, as does another notable wife named Eskam. See Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 392-415. See also Bona (1991), 33-5, and Pritsak (1956), 414. Most known Hunnic tribal names are also Turkic, Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 427-41, e.g. Ultincur, Akatir etc. The cur suffix in many of these names is a well-known Turkic title and as Beckwith (1987), 209, points out the To-lu or Tardus tribes (Hunnic in origin) of the Western Turkish On Oq were each headed by a Cur (noble). Zieme (2006), 115, speculates that the title cur belongs to a pre-Turkic Tocharian stratum of the Turkic language, which, if true, again highlights the essential heterogeneity of Central Asian peoples and even languages. See also Aalto (1971), 35. In addition to this primary language (Oghuric Turkic), Priscus informs us that Latin and Gothic were also understood by the Hunnic elite. See Priscus, fr. 13.3, Blockley (1983), 289. Mclaughlin, Professors Hyun & Lieu, Rome and China: Points of Contact (Routledge, 2021)
@@byambajavr6519 Azerbaijanis and Turks have nothing to do with the Turkic people in Central Asia. They are linguistic Turks, not ethnically like Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Yakuts, Tuvans. Yes, they are more like Greeks and Armenians, while Kazakhs and Kyrgyz are Asians, pure Turkic.
@@qazaqrouran3868 Turks in Turkey mixed with other people and dont even those Asian eyes because they reached something. Not to be rude but Kyrgyz the "pure Turks" are pure but reached nothing compared to Anatolian Turks with the Ottoman and Seljuk Empire. They are our ancestors aswell because we are Turks. I would rather choose a big history then having nothing but being "pure"
-xiongnu (hunnu, huns), siyanbi, rouran (nerun) toba, khitans were mongolic nomads and acestors of mongols. during the domination of confederations such as xiongnu-hunnu, siyanbi, rouran, the ancient turkic tribes (tureg) were a small group of blacksmiths and slaves who provided iron made stuffs for each khanate. -somewhere around year 550 after the war between rouran and toba (toba was suppurted by chinese) and gave powerful punch to the rouran army, meanwhile turkic tribes were rising in shadows united after gaining massive population in numbers. thus, rose to power and defeated what was left from the rouran khanate and took control of steppe till year 750 by expanding their borders to west created a vast empire. -at year 700 turkic khanate were not that strong as their time of rise and was slowly weakening turks were overthrown by uighur people around in 750. in 850 khitans took control of steppe but wasn't strong enough like previous confederations. -during the 1000-1160 there were no serious force in mongolian steppes but only a multiple small tribes of waring with each other for pasture for their herds until Temuujin (Chinggis Khan) of mongolian "khiyad borjigin" clan unites all tribes and creates "Khamag Mongol (The whole Mongol empire)" in 1206 - by the age of 1500 there was almost nothing left from mongol empire only a remaining small khanates such as central mongols, djungar (western mongols) south easter n mongols were in conflict for supremacy over each other like in ancients times.
Xiongnu and Tuoba were indeed Turkic The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
your acestors is dunhu , hunnus closer to turkics , even to Hungars . Gengis han also used turkic forces (kereis , naimans was turkic speakers. Read Rashid ad Dinn)
@@gdp1004 Cause back then mongolia was turkic ,Turks were rulling Mongolia.I was born in belgium but that doesn't mean that i'm belgian your dna says what you are Xiongus were turkic tribes in china but they were turks modu chanyu took turkic, mongolian warriors and became powerful and won against the Chinese
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17. only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity. Vaissière, Etienne de la (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephthalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 122. "The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18). Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns. To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown. Gaoju, apparently, are the remaining branch of the ancient Chidi. Originally they were called "Dili", in the north they are called "Chile", and in China - "Gaoju Dinglings", i.e. High Carts Dinglings. Their language is generally similar to the Xiongnu, but sometimes there are small differences. - Book of Wei
Wei Shou (魏收). Book of Wei (History of Northern Wei Dynasty). Peking, Bo-na, 1958, pp. 26a-26b translation by Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of nomadic tribes in China 3rd-5th cc", Issue 2 "Jie", "Science", Moscow, 1990, p. 168, Note 158, ISBN 5-02-016543-3 The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" *Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119. Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2. Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu. Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176. History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99 Book of Zhou, vol. 50 Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005) Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu" Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants." Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) 舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon. The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands. The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground. - Suishu, 84 Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).
*QUESTION:* Why Emperor "Liu Bang" has a defeat against the Xiongnu tribe(匈奴) at the baideng battle(白登之戰),200 BC? The Qin dynasty age had kicked them into Mongolian land by mobilizing huge scale army. *RESPONSE:* All Chinese land(Yellow River & Hwang-Ho river Area) was devastated by frequent and continuous slaughter and looting during Chu-Han Contention(楚漢戰爭) since the Qin dynasty collapsed. The whole Chinese population was reduced to five million and 15~30 age of young men were dead in the battleground. Later, then both sides mobilize children and elders, and every general became riding a cow instead of a horse. Because all military horse dead. After the Chinese land unified, Han-dynasty diplomatic & military power extremely weaken. Of course, Liu Bang has come to know that true by listening who Yoo-Kyung's(劉敬) advice. For a hundred years, Han-dynasty avoided at war against the powerful Xiongnu tribe and waiting until an opportunity comes.
Morale of the story: obedience is more valuable than any treasure. Unrelated: his stepmom is kinda hot 🥵 though 🤠 I heard the first han xin was really good 😌 but r we sure he could have beaten moudu? This guy is pretty 😍 persistent
Very possible, Han Xin is probably one of the best chinese general ever. although I believe he probably doesn’t have as much experience with Xiong nu. I believe people like general wei Qing has greater chance beating modu. He fought the entire Xiong nu and beat them during the Han wu di period. Because him Han eventually won the Xiong nu war.
“Recent research suggests that Hunnu did not differ much from modern Mongols in their appearance and may represent their ancestors. Anthropological studies show that the Mongoloid race or Central Asian type was already well shaped by the time of Hunnu. This a final conclusion made by Prof. G.Tumen, Chair of the Anthropology and Archeology of the Mongolian National University, after more than 30 years of comparative study of skulls from Stone Age to modern times. DNA analysis also proved the consistency of genetic lines between Hunnu and modern Mongols. This scientific conclusion implies that Atilla the Hun was indeed an ancestor of the Mongols.” Factsanddetails.com
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Shih Le was a Chieh, a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language. www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shih-le In 104, 102, and 42 b.c.e. Chinese armies defeated the Turkic nomad Xiongnu alongside captive Roman soldiers in the former Greek kingdom of Sogdiana. www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/globalization-asia
*Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. This point has been repeated by thousands of historians, sinologists, turcologists, altaistics, and other researchers. Let me try to state how this idea began with Sinology researchers.[1] *Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 386-9, also thinks that these names are the Germanic or Germanicized names of Turkic Huns.[2] *The language of the Huns has always been classified in the Turkic linguistic family.[3] *In the 5th century A . D . the Danube Slavs had lived in symbiosis with the Turkic Huns[4] *One of the first and most ferocious of such Asiatic (Turkic) peoples were the Huns.[5] *A large number of many different Turkic tribes were called Huns.[6] *It is conceivable that the Huns (Ephthalites), who irrupted into Central Asia in the early fifth century, were Turkic.[7] *Probably a substantial group of Hunnish peoples spoke some form of Turkic, a subfamily of the Altaic languages.[8] *Danube used by a large number of Turkic peoples - including Huns, Avars,Bulgars,Cumans.[9] * Among them, the Vandals were East Germanic, the Suevi or 'Swabians' were Central Germanic, the Huns were Turkic, and the Alans were Iranic (like the modern Ossetians).[10] *Also, with the various Turkic tribes on the west; especially with the Huns.[11] *Historic Turkic kingdoms (the earliest being the Great Hun Empire from 200 B.C., which stretched from Siberia to Tibet,and the last being the Ottoman Empire founded in A.D. 1299),hinting at a racial side to Turkish identity.[12] *By the fifth century, the last of the Tocharians was driven from the region by nomadic Huns, possibly the earliest of many subsequent waves of Tur- kic invaders in Central Asia.[13] *Who are the Turkic Peoples? This great family of peoples includes the Huns,Khazars,Avars and Bulgar-Turks of former times.[14] *The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu[15] *Horses were vital to maintaining Han military strength against the increasing nomadic incur. sions from the Turkic Xiongnu tribal armies along the northern borders and in the northwest.[16] *The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han military expeditions across the Pamirs into Central Asia.[17] * By the 5th century many of the troops were barbarian foederation of Germanic, Turkic (“Huns and "Bulgars), and, perhaps, “Slavic origins [18] * The fact that the Bulgars of Asparukh - whom we considered descendants of the Huns led by Irnikh -were Turks.[19] *While the Hun hords of Attila that tried to conquer Europe were surely Proto-Türks.[20] Sources: *1- The Origins of the Huns-The History Files *2-The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe(Cambridge University Press)-Page 177 *3-Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 1964 (Harvard University Press) *4-Among the People, Native Yugoslav Ethnography: Selected 1982(Michigan University Press) *5-Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes(University of Chicago Press)-Page 332 *6-Eurasian Studies Yearbook Volume 74 Eurolingua, 2002 *7-Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Un-Page 384 *8-The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer(University of California Press)-Page 15 *9-The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelth Century(University of Michigan Press)-Page 25 *10-Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations *11-China ancient and modern-Page-55 *12-Turkey: What Everyone Needs to Know®(Oxford University Press) *13-Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia-Page 251 *14-Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods : Proceedings *15-China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition(Harvard University Press)-Page 73 *16-Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China ; Gansu and Ningxia, 4th - 7th Century ; [on the Occasion of the Exhibition "Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China", Organized by the Asia Society Museum, New York, October 13, 2001 - January 6, 2002 ...] *17-The Harvard Dictionary of Music-Page 261 *18- The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity-Page 1346 *19- The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia Volume 1-Page 202 *20-China Knowledge-Xiongnu The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, especially Turkic ones, from the Steppes of Central Asia. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Hunnic_Empire Even the language spoken by the Huns is in dispute, though most experts believe they were of Turkish speech. www.britannica.com/place/the-Steppe/New-barbarian-incursions
Azerbaijan open to raids by Turkic nomadic tribes from the north, including Khazars and Huns. www.encyclopedia.com/places/commonwealth-independent-states-and-baltic-nations/cis-and-baltic-political-geography-6#HISTORY The Huns have often been considered a Turkic people, and sometimes associated with the Xiongnu. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_migration#Origin_theories
@@papazataklaattiranimam Turkish is genetically closer to Greek than asian okay? Xiongnu were largely mogols with some forces from former Yuezhi which are Euroasian ppl.
According to the "Book of Song", the Rourans, whom Book of Wei identified as offspring of Proto-Mongolic Donghu people, possessed the alternative name (s) 大 檀 Dàtán "Tatar" and / or 檀 檀Tántán "Tartar" and according to Book of Liang, "they also constituted a separate branch of the Xiongnu. Tatars are mongolian tribes. However, Chinese chroniclers routinely ascribed Xiongnu origins to various nomadic groups: for examples, Xiongnu ancestry was ascribed to Turkic-speaking Göktürks and Tiele as well as Para-Mongolic-speaking Kumo Xi and Khitans. Today's Daurs (Khitans) are male relatives of the Southern Сhanuy. Kumo Xi and Kimaks mongolian tribes. Genghis Khan refers to the time of Modu Chanyu as "the remote times of our Chanyu" in his letter to Daoist Qiu Chuji. Sun and moon symbol of Xiongnu that discovered by archaeologists is similar to Mongolian Soyombo symbol.
The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17. only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity. Vaissière, Etienne de la (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephthalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 122. "The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18). Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns. To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown. Gaoju, apparently, are the remaining branch of the ancient Chidi. Originally they were called "Dili", in the north they are called "Chile", and in China - "Gaoju Dinglings", i.e. High Carts Dinglings. Their language is generally similar to the Xiongnu, but sometimes there are small differences. - Book of Wei
Wei Shou (魏收). Book of Wei (History of Northern Wei Dynasty). Peking, Bo-na, 1958, pp. 26a-26b translation by Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of nomadic tribes in China 3rd-5th cc", Issue 2 "Jie", "Science", Moscow, 1990, p. 168, Note 158, ISBN 5-02-016543-3 The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" *Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119. Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2. Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu. Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176. History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99 Book of Zhou, vol. 50 Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005) Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu" Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants." Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) 舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon. The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands. The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground. - Suishu, 84 Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).
Iskitlere Irani diyenler var Avrupa Hunlara Germanic veya Irani diyenler var. Asya Hunlara ise Moğol/ Yenisey/ Irani veya Uralic diyenler var. Bu çok yüzüçü hepsi Türk Düşmanlari :(
They could've done what the bigger China (Rome) did, a Princeps and a co-princeps, except make it so there is a Huang Di of civil administration and a Huang Di of the military. Now I realize this double monarchy thing is more of a Spartan thing
Weird you call Liu Bang all those names truth be told all the Chinese warlords post-qin breakup were selfish , ruthless including liu no less . Xiang Yu was a real jerk who murdered the former king of chu and usurped the title of hegemon of the rebellion against the Qin from him . Liu actually even captured the Qin capital and it's imperial prefectures first but the warlord Xiang Yu demand liu to hand it over to him and then instead of establishing a new dynasty like a sane man divided the whole empire of Qin Shi Huang into 16 kingdoms which were the restored titles of the summer and autumn period kingdoms . With him obviously choosing the strongest and most populous province Chu while give Liu Bang the remote and mountainous kingdom of Han surrounded by 3 former Qin generals granted kingdoms bordering han to make sure liu never stepped out of his boundaries . Upon announcing returning to his homeland of Chu one of his more sane headed retainers piped the famous insult "it is true when people say the men from Chu are actually pigs in human disguise" . Xiang Yu then proceded to boil the man alive for his insult . His insult was not in vain though because everyone remembers these words because everyone know Xiang Yu was exactly that.
l am from Türkiye and according to illustrative DNA test, l have %30 Xiongnu genome. At bronze age period l have nearly 6.6 amur river hunter gatherers genome also l have 3.6 yellow river hunter gatherers genome. %20 central steppe herderer. My haplogroup iş Q M378 in 2012 Li Jioliang a scientict find in china black gouliang cementary of Xiongnu supreme elite rulers. 4 indivuals who were the hosts have Q M378 and the sacrificiated men 8 of them has Q M 25 Y DNA haplogroup.
Asian Hun state is the first state in Turkish history. After the collapse of the Hun state, all Turkish tribes dispersed and the Turks established states in Central Asia, Europe, Anatolia and Iran. It was proven that the Huns were Turks. However, there were not only Turks in the Hun state, but also Mongols and other Asian races. but mete han was Turkish, the dynasty was Turkish.
Here is a bit of trivia for you all. The Turks identified Modu Chanyu to be the Oghuz Khagan due to the similarities of their stories. Oghuz Khagan is believed to be the father of the Turkic peoples and the Turkish Army considers Modu to be the founder of the Turkish army.
Pretty cool piece of trivia
@Nom Anor No he meant Turkic steppe people including Kazakh, Kyrgyz, or some of Mongols etc...
You should do a episode of Cao Cao during the end of the Han Dynasty From what I was reading Pretty Kool guy so wont spoil his story Your art work with the story telling really works so ill let you Bro's come up with something
You have great content that is being ruined by all the adds that RUclips is throwing at viewers. 5 Ad interruptions in the first 8 minutes of this video!
@@voidconsumer discordun var mı
Later the Yuezhi people were hellenised by the Alexander's descendants and even built the Kushan Empire. Greek culture and Graeco Buddhism thrives in the Kushan Empire.
Yeah, the steppe nomads were just incredibly diverse and they were very open to new ideas. Previous historians were trying too hard to pin down their ethnicity and it just led to too many dead ends. It took them a while until they realised that ideas and cultures are not defined by ethnicity.
There was also a theory that only language migrated and peoole less. I guess we have to stop looking out of our nowaday nationalistic perspective. Peoole back then were more pragmatic
Yes they adopted strong part Hellenistic culture but with time they were more Indianised. Major part of Kushan empire was in ancient Indian territories included mordern day areas of mordern Afghanistan, pakistan and large part of northen India.Many kushan kings supported Mahayana buddhism. The greatest king of kushan Kanishka I was great promoter Buddhism. Hinduism was also other major religion kushan supported. They also adopted some part Zoroastrian part.
Kujula Kadphises the founder kushan empire who adopted greek religious Ideas but is said to be also a devotee of Shiva ( Hindu God).
One of the name used by some kushan kings was Vasudeva a pure sanskrit name.
Hephtalite were Hun
@@middleeastrenwarriormen1017 They were Iranian, the Chinese Morkians said they were Iranian
209 b.c is Establishment year of Turkish land forces, crown year of mo-du chanyu we call him Mete Han. we still use his name in Turkey. you can see lots of people named Mete Han here
@@steppe7214 i think you know nothing about turkic history. Turkish people are from oghuz tribe(one of the turkic tribe).They migrated to anatolia(turkey) from central asia in 11. century. lol
@@enderkurnaz8344 Yeah, that's true. No one is opposing that.
But Turkics of that era is much more closer to Mongols and Kazakhs compared to today's Turkish.
@@bxyhxyh I mean genetically, ancient Turks such as a Princess of the Ashina clan were quite diverse in genetics just as people are today. I believe we have some interesting remains of Xiongnu, Xianbei, and other nomadic peoples that have both mixed and almost pure ancestry. The Ashina Princess for example is quite genetically pure, being almost entirely North Eastern Asian in descent. In reality, it wasn't really genetics that made Turkic, Chinese, or really any people it's more of a cultural legacy that makes the people. I'm actually curious, however, how much the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turks, and Mongols have introduced to the Northern Han in terms of genetics.
Another amazing content :))
Hi Inspect History 😊👋👋👋👋👋
Hi nerds.. I love Friday..😁
Makes sense that Xiang Yu was as tough as Lu Bu, they are played by the same actor
Liu Bang is a perfect goofy anime protagonist
he is truly blessed by the gods though...he escaped death multiple times
@@lyhthegreat can't say the same for the people who got killed by him and his wife.
@@condorX2 yeah but you can't rule a country just by being benevolent...if anything, liubang is not known to be an upright man considering how he backstabbed xiangyu to obtain his throne.
@@lyhthegreat Xiang Yu betrayed him first by dishonerably seiging him down and trying to seize him when chu and han were specifically in a ceasefire and signing a treaty to divide china north and south through the Yangze under the poisonous whispers of his advisors who are thought to have said "Liu Bang is here why not take him by surprise and kill him right now ? Heaven knows if you kill liu Bang right now the entire kingdom is yours to rule !". And the Chinese people have the pig headed brains of Xiang Yu to thank for almost having the whole south of former Qin but throwing it all away for some stupid high risk high reward gamble .
Liu Bang uniting china was the best thing to ever happen to the middle kingdom wherein the name of his dynasty "han" is still the name for ethnic chinese to this day.
"cheated, lied and conned his way into becoming the first emperor of the Han dynasty"
Those are both pragmatic and morally acceptable methods
With such quality I am genuinely surprised you don't have faaar more subscribers. This is the perfect fusion of great animation, great entertainment and great education. RUclips should recommend you to people, I only found out about you through a collaboration with another channel that you did, although I forgot what that was
The Great Blue Heaven be praised, the fierceful Xiongnu have finally arrived from the steppes!
@Nom Anor Yes. They did.
It's a pity Xiang Yu didn't work together with Liu bang.
They could conquer the world.
Jk.. I wanaa see how it playout.
Modu Chanyu (Mete Han)
is the Ancestor of us Turks.
@sneksnekitsasnek What's the relevance?
Brother no matter what at the end of the day all turks, mongols, khazaks, etc all relate back to the all mighty great xiongnu empier
@sneksnekitsasnek Xiongnu is Turkic
@@Ottoman1517 Xiongnu is as video mentioned ascendants of many steppe tribes.
So Xiongnu is both Turkic and Mongolic.
But tbh, Turkics of that era is more closer to Mongols than Turkish tho.
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
Damn CJ, these videos are geat! Im, again, officially hooked on these...
BTW, would you care to ask Mr RUclips to give you back the password from “Dont stop thinking”? Im starting to miss your videos there...
Ha ha... one day. When I have a new project to announce.
This is the best Chinese history channel in English. May it continue to grow
feel's bad, when you hear about a particularly talented chinese general and you know how it's probably going to end for him... RIP han xin
your becoming my favourite youtube channel! thanks :) so much of asian history isnt covered in Europe, its all new to me!
It's heaven
Modu Chanyu was of Turkic Origin.
He is also known as Oguz Kagan the legendary father of the turks.
Possible Turkic origin. There is no conclusive prove for now.
@@voidconsumer You know, countries also try to own the history for their countries' or ethnics' benefits if that historical event was great.
For example, communist China do this in a very big scale.
Let's say those certain things.
1. Xiongnu is from today's Mongol land. Not from today's Turkish land.
2. After the fall of Xiongnu empire, some royal family and their tribes FLED to today's turkish land and mixed with that place's native people. So how can today's Turkey can be direct descendants of Xiongnu if the CORE initial was in Mongol land?
3. And your dna link says:
"They also found DNA sequences similar to those in present-day Turks"
Nothing about, we couldn't find Mongolian DNA. It's just they didn't mention about Mongolian DNA.
"DNA from a 2,000-year-old burial site in MONGOLIA has revealed new information about the Xiongnu"
"supporting the idea that SOME OF TURKISH people ORIGINATED in MONGOLIA".
Also in my OPINION. Xiongnu looked more closer to mongols than today's turkish people.
Because it's 2000 years have passed since those people left their home land and mixed with native people of reached land of that era.
And I read most of your sources and comments. It seems you're believing that Xiongnu tribes never been married to other steppe tribes which I find very unlikely.
Because in the steppe customs you had to be married with distant tribe person to prevent inbreed.
300 years Xiongnu were on Mongol land. And it's the first ever history proven country that has been on Mongol land. Even tho, we Mongolians believe there were a country even before Xiongnu empire
In that 300 years, royals and peasants have been living on Mongol land. Even after Xiongnu empire has fallen, majority of Xiongnu people still lived on Mongol land, and married with other steppe tribes.
So I'd say.
Both Mongols and Turks are descendants of Xiongnu.
It's not just Turks. Mongols, Kazakhs and Uigurs are all descendants of Xiongnu.
I just don't like people try to own the historical just for them while it's in fact never like that.
It's like saying Vikings are only Swedish, while Vikings are from whole Scandinavia instead of just Sweden.
@@voidconsumer Many people think it was ONLY TurkISH instead of TurkIC tho. That pisses me off.
Also I appreciate on how you talk about and quote from historical papers.
But I fail to see reply to my points from them.
So I'm gonna ask these questions just to clarify my point.
After the fall of Xiongnu empire, how many percents of Xiongnu people moved to west?
And why do you think people who remained there isn't from Xiongnu ethnic? If Xiongnu people had children and remained there, would that make them not Xiongnu?
Do you really think in that 300 years, there were no intermix between tribes?
DNA tests were mainly to point-out to Turkic and Turkish genetics, but have you seen some papers on how it compared to the Mongolian genetics?
@@voidconsumer Mode Chanyu have nothing to do with Oghuz Khan. BUT YES MODE CHANYU AND THE HUNS ARE TURKIC LIKE THE SCYTHIANS. SOME KIDS AR3 DREAMING
Yok lan deil oğuz kağan başka metehan mo-tu başka
They are Turks
The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28]
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
Collisions and trade with the Xiongnu , fierce Turkic-speaking nomads of the north and west, began in the life- time of Confucius.
“The Emergence of an International System in East Asia.” East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World, by WARREN I. COHEN, Columbia University Press, NEW YORK, 2000, pp. 1-61.
which is about the Han Dynasty general Su Wu, who was captured in 100 b.c. while on a diplomatic mission to the Xiongnu , a Turkic clan in central Asia.
“FROM LUN ON AND LUN HOP TO THE GREAT CHINA THEATER, 1922-1925.” Chinatown Opera Theater in North America, by Nancy Yunhwa Rao, University of Illinois Press, Urbana; Chicago; Springfield, 2017, pp. 152-184.
The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu , whose confederation had broken up
“Reunification in the Buddhist Age.” China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition, by John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England, 2006, pp. 72-87.
They aii belong to the Yugus branch of the western Xiongnu group of the Turkic languages, which are part of the Altaic language family.
“The Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest China.” Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China, by JONATHAN N. LIPMAN, University of Washington Press, SEATTLE; LONDON, 1997, pp. 3-23.
Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552
"There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians."
Land conl icts were also a factor in the frequent clashes from the third century BC onwards between the Chinese Qin and Han Dynasties and the alliance of Turkic nomads, called the Xiongnu people. In the third century BC, the Xiongnu bordered the northwest frontier of Chinese imperial lands, and controlled many of the key trading centers along the land-based routes of the Silk Roads all the way to the Caucasus Mountains.
Barbier, E. (2010). The Rise of Cities (from 3000 BC to 1000 AD). In Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through Natural Resource Exploitation (pp. 84-156). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511781131.004
It was the Hsiung-nu, a Turkic tribe , who first exerted pressure on the Chinese rulers in the north by capturing Lo-yang in 311 and Ch'ang-an in 316. From this period on, north China was under the sway of non- Chinese rulers.
“INITIAL CONTACT AND RESPONSE: BUDDHISM UNDER THE EASTERN CHIN DYNASTY.” Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey, by KENNETH K. S. CH’EN, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1964, pp. 57-93.
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times.
The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes.
- Weishu, 103
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu”
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.
Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。"
*Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119.
@@RaiderCubbeli The Xiongnu are originally a Scythian-Saka group of tribes, related to the ancient Cimmerians, Alans etc... However there is a strong evidence that the proto-Xiongnu absorbed the remnants of the Xia-dynasty and some part of the ancestors of the Chinese people! In late times the Xiongnu also absorbed Kettic-Yeniseian and Samoyedic tribes or fragments!
DNA from a 2,000-year-old burial site in Mongolia has revealed new information about the Xiongnu, a nomadic tribe that once reigned in Central Asia. Researchers in France studied DNA from more than 62 skeletons to reconstruct the history and social organization of a long-forgotten culture.
The researchers found that interbreeding between Europeans and Asians occurred much earlier than previously thought. They also found DNA sequences similar to those in present-day Turks, supporting the idea that some of the Turkish people originated in Mongolia.
Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period.
Keyser-Tracqui, C., et al. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis of a 2,000-year-old necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongolia. American Journal of Human Genetics73, 247-260 (August 2003).
we had no doubt about it and now it is also confirmed via Dna researches.
Turkey hahaha you are funny greek man, turkey are greeks and arminians they were invaded and turkified by few oguz tribes less than 12 % of the population of turkey are turks, and there no evidence that the xiongnu were turks its just a mere speculation nothing more
@@egriz4461 keep crying about constantinople greek man
@@shrektheintelllectual3615 Sometimes the truth is hard.
@@refl1x362 yes, reality is so hard that you can't even digest DNA studies
Appear weak when you are strong, and strong when you are weak. -Sun Tzu
You'd think Liu Bang would know better.
Xiongnu is Turkic:
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu”
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.
Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。"
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times.
The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes.
- Weishu, 103
The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea]
At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army.
[...]
The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. - Suishu, 84
no
average panturanist
Thank you for the video. It fills a much needed niche here on the Internet, with its detailed narrations of Ancient Chinese History, there is no channel like this. It is a matter of time before the algorithm clicks and this starts getting hundreds of thousands of views.
There is a part of the story I would like a bit more of explanation about. The part regarding Liu Bang bribing Modu's wife to escape the blockade. What could Liu Bang have offered to her for she to do something as extreme as helping the emperor of the enemy nation escape? Was it only riches or was it something else?
On the other hand, how did she convince Modu to relax the blockade, to do such a disadvantegous military maneuver? What excuse could she have given?
I am really curious about it, if someone knows I would be honestly grateful for an answer.
Have a wonderful day.
Actually there are more details that didn't make it into the final script for the sake of brevity. Hanxin's men, which were supposed meet up with Modu failed to come and Modu was suspicious of their betrayal. Also, Liu Bang was a popular leader. They figured that they might not be able to hold onto the land even if they killed Liu Bang.
I think they know that the sedentary population would be difficult to rule for a nomadic empire and preferred to acquire the goods rather than directly ruling them.
great video as always, i love hearing about the dramas of the early han.
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times.
The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes.
- Weishu, 103
Weishu "vol. 103 section Gāochē" text: 高車，蓋古赤狄之餘種也，初號為狄歷，北方以為勑勒，諸夏以為高車、丁零。其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也。其種有狄氏、袁紇氏、斛律氏、解批氏、護骨氏、異奇斤氏。" transl. "Gaoche, probably remnant stocks of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili, in the North they are considered Chile, the various Xia(i.e. Chinese) consider them Gaoche Dingling / Dingling with High-Carts. Their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though there are small differences. Or one may say they were sons-in-laws / sororal nephews of their Xiongnu predecessors. Their tribes are Di, Yuanhe, Hulu, Jiepi, Hugu, Yiqijin."
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu”
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.
Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。"
Book of Wei. Vol. 102. "悅般國，在烏孫西北，去代一萬九百三十里。其先，匈奴北單于之部落也。" Tr. "Yueban State is to the northwest of Wusun, at a distant of 10,930 lĭ from Dai. It formerly [was] the Northern Xiongnu chanyu's tribe."
Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119.
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).
Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2.
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.
Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176.
History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99
Book of Zhou, vol. 50
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005)
Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu"
Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants."
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon.
The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea]
At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army.
[...]
The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands.
The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground.
- Suishu, 84
helal olsun pompacı abi
I really like your channel. The effort you guys put into it is absolutely admirable. I do, however, have a request - would you in the future please add the Chinese names (scripts) of the characters and geographic locations, dynasties etc in your video (instead of just pinyin) as it would make the stories so much easier to follow for us who grew up as a kid learning all these history in Chinese ( Cantonese, in particular)? Also, I think it would also be more interesting if you'd mention the present day locations of some of the geography in your videos, for example, say, " The Xiongnu Empire covered what is today's Mongolia, Southern Russia, Turkmenistan..." Thank you and wish you all the best.
2:05 I do not know exactly when, but there was report later collected by Chinese Dynasty that some of southeastern Korean peninsula population was diaspora originated from northern China(?) due to Qin Shi Huang. Maybe it is related to this. There's Xiongnu culture influence within SIlla, which is very weird.
In the early times Turkic tribes in Syberia were more Caucasoid, without east Asia admixture. Here we have evidences about it.
_Austrian turkologist Otto Maenchen-Helfen:_
"Bronze in a British museum from the Ordos region, which for a long time was under the rule of Xiongnu,
*shows us a Caucasoid, we note thick mustaches and wide open eyes... *
_A double burial in a desert region north of Minefeng is quite eloquent. Polychrome silk, jackets, pants, stockings, and shoes are the same as in Noin-Ula. But the person depicted on the fabric has distinctly Caucasoid features. The buried couple also represents the Caucasoids... _
_Liu Yuan, the Xiongnu conqueror of Luoyang in 311, had a height of 184cm; in his long beard were red hair... _
_After the conquest of the territory of Tuva by the Xiongnu in the second century BC, its population, which was mixed with the preponderance of the Caucasoid features, became not less, but more Caucasoid". _
[Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen. The World of the Huns - Berkeley-Los Angeles-London: University of California Press, 1973 - p.370, 371-372, 373, 374]
Kanka ben çince bilmiyomda ne diyo bu lavuklar hun filan diyoda kötü bisey demiyorlar degilmi
I love the parts when the Han sent random Chinese women as “princesses” to the Huns, Xiongnu, Mongols and no one found out lol
Most of the one sent were mostly distant relatives of the royal family and sometimes servant disguise as a princess. So it wasnt a loss.😂
Interesting fact, Modu’s arrival date at the head of the Xiongnu (Eastern Hun Confederacy) is considered by the Turkish Land Force as the official date of birth of the Turkish Army …
The discipline, the mindset and the organization is still operating in the modern Turkish army in different shape
Stupid he was enslaving the Turks because they are allied with the Aryans in western Mongolia 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
This is an excellent channel. History is amazing. I am interested to know what happened to the Xiongnu. Where did they do? They couldn't just vanish into the thin air.
Today's Hungary
Modern Hungary, Finland, Bulgaria, Turkic countries, Mongolia.
In the case of Early Pre-Proto-Mongolic, certain loanwords in the Mongolic languages point to early contact with Oghur (Pre-Proto-Bulgaric) Turkic, also known as r-Turkic. These loanwords precede Common Turkic (z-Turkic) loanwords and include:
• Mongolic ikere (twins) from Pre-Proto-Bulgaric ikir (versus Common Turkic ekiz)
• • Mongolic hüker (ox) from Pre-Proto-Bulgaric hekür (Common Turkic öküz)
• Mongolic jer (weapon) from Pre-Proto-Bulgaric jer (Common Turkic yäz)
• • Mongolic biragu (calf) versus Common Turkic buzagu
• Mongolic siri- (to smelt ore) versus Common Turkic siz- (to melt)
• The above words are thought to have been borrowed from Oghur Turkic during the time of the Xiongnu.
Thank you very much for the detailed history of the Xiongnu and the Han Empire. The maps and graphics indeed help to enhance the understanding of your content. Keep up the fantastic research and the presentation.
Xiong-nu language in Chinese inscriptions
撑犁 (Chēng lí)
撑犁 term in Chinese inscriptions is associated with the old Turkic tengri. Tengri means sky.
瓯脱 (Ōu tuō)
瓯脱 means room[7].
Borrowed from Proto-Turkic *otag[8], also reconstructed as *ōtag. Although linguists concentrate on *otag, since long vowels are not preserved in languages that need to be protected, there are also those who claim that it is derived from the Proto-Turkic word *ōtwhich means fire(see Proto-Turkic Vocabulary lesson). *otag means tent or room, but also fireplace is suggested.
头曼 (Tóu màn)
The name Touman is likely related to a word meaning '10,000, a myriad' Old Turkic tümän
Dur-mak= to keep being present/there (~to remain/~to survive)
thurur =permanent
bokha-thor> boğatur >bahadır=hero>
Boğatur> Baatur> Modu
Xiong-nu = Kün-oglu = Sun's son = Son of the sun
Shan-yu =(Şanlı) Şan-luw = he got a glory /fame
Chenk-li =(Cenkli) Cenk-aluw = (he's won war) = victory
The first time in history was the Asian Hun ruler Mete Han who gathered the Turks under a flag. Get There !!
"As the Turkish child gets to know his ancestors, he will find strength in himself to do greater things." * Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Are you Greek, Romanian, or Georgian, like Erdogan?
@@عليياسر-ك8ف Not all Turks mixed with them. There is too many Yoruk (Turkmens), Tatars live in Turkey
Lu Bu ? Not as powerful ? That is a powerful statement .
In Mongolia there is a monument that has 3 pillars;
First for xiangnu empire
Second for Turkic khaganate
Third for Mongol empire of genghis khan
Where are the Iranian Scythians and the Uyghurs?
@@عليياسر-ك8ف Scythians never had a unified Empire they were a loose confederation of tribes each independent of each other.
@@عليياسر-ك8ف Uyghur empire wasnt as large as the three listed....
Xiongnu or Hunnic empire is ancient proto Mongolic empire. They capital city found in central Mongolia.
They were Turkic not mongolian
@@gencoozen1192How do you know they both look the same? 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
Xiongnu capital "ötüken" and ötüken all Turks and all turkic holy capital
@@Cinar_552 To the Huns, they used to enslave the Turks, when did they love the Turks?
Turkic not mongol
I really respect your efforts. Can you please do a video on Lin Zexu? I am really interested in this personality but there is not enough information in English sources.
Great engaging videos! Thanks for sharing knowledge of East Asian history.
It will be quite a while before I get there. But I will definitely cover him one day.
Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552
"There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians."
The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28]
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
Most Royal families are in my tree. House of Wessex met Charlemagne who met House of Arpad and through them it goes through the Huns and into the Xiongnu and into the Maternal line of the Chinese Han Dynasty. ALL or most European nobility have Han Chinese Royal maternal lineage.
And I thought CK2 was too far of a stretch
Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552
"There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians."
Proponents of a Turkic language theory include E.H. Parker, Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Kurakichi Shiratori, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain, and Omeljan Pritsak.[13] Some sources say the ruling class was proto-Turkic.[12][82] Craig Benjamin sees the Xiongnu as proto-Turks who possibly spoke a language related to the Dingling.[83]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
It has been widely held that the Xiongnu, or at least their ruling clans, had or were acquiring a Turkic identity.
(The Turks in World History-Oxford University Press)
Around 155, the northern Hsiung-nu, who were most probably of Turkic stock and were established in the Orkhon region of upper Mongolia
(Rene Grousset)
The dominant nomad people in the Mongolian steppe in the 7th century, the Tujue, were identified with the Turks and claimed to be descended from the Xiongnu. A number of Xiongnu customs do suggest Turkish affinity, which has led some historians to suggest that the western Xiongnu may have been the ancestors of the European Turks of later centuries.
www.britannica.com/topic/Xiongnu
Their ethnical affinities have been much discussed; but it is most probable that they were of the Turki stock, as were the Huns, their later western representatives. They are the first Turkish people mentioned by the Chinese.
en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Hiung-nu
Including Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat, Julius Klaproth, Shiratori Kurakichi, Gustaf John Ramstedt, Annemarie von Gabain and Omeljan Pritsak, believe it was a Turkic language.
www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Xiongnu
Some scholars think they were a Turkic tribe descended from the Xiongnu, a group of pastoral nomads who unified much of Asia during the late third and early second centuries B.C.
www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/people/reference/who-were-ruthless-warriors-behind-attila-hun/
The earliest references to peoples that are presumed to be Turkic date to the era of the Xiongnu (2nd century BC), well before the appearance of the Türks proper (mid-6th century AD).
www.college-de-france.fr/site/gilles-veinstein/The-Question-of-Turk-Origins__1.htm
Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period.
www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_03/ancient.shtml
John Man, Attila: the barbarian king who challenged Rome, Bantam, 2005, p.62. University of Michigan. ISBN 0593052919, 9780593052914:
• "The Xiongnu also worshipped Tengri. A history of the Han dynasty (206 BC - AD 8), written towards the end of the first century by the historian Pan Ku, in a section on the Xiongnu, says, 'They refer to their ruler by the title cheng li [a transliteration of tengri] ku t'u [son] shan-yii [king]' i.e. something like 'His Majesty, the Son of Heaven'. In early Turkish inscriptions, the ruler has his power from Tengri; and Tengri was the name given to Uighur kings of the eighth and ninth centuries."
The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu, whose confederation ... The most outstanding were the Toba Turks, who set up their Northern Wei dynasty (386 - 535)
(China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition - Harvard University Press)
The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han
(Dictionary of Music-Harvard University Press)
It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers.[23][24][25][26][27]
The Hun hordes of Attila, who invaded and conquered much of Europe in the 5th century, may have been Turkic and descendants of the Xiongnu.[21][28][29]
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey
The earliest separate Turkic peoples appeared on the peripheries of the late Xiongnu confederation about 200 BCE[70] (contemporaneous with the Chinese Han Dynasty).[71] It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers.[72][73][74][75][76]
a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language.
biography.yourdictionary.com/shih-le
The oldest historical evidence of a Turkic people is contained in Chinese sources of the 3rd century BC, in which the Huns are mentioned. The original settlement area of the Turkic peoples was in southern Siberia.
The Turkic peoples of the Huns, Khazars, Onogurs, Protobulgarians, Volga Bulgarians, Pechenegen and Kumans have assimilated.
www.igenea.com/en/ancient-tribes/turkic-peoples
The Balkars speak the Karachay-Balkar language, which belongs to the Kipchak Subgroup of the West Hunnic Branch of the Turkic Language Family.
www.encyclopedia.com/history/modern-europe/russian-soviet-and-cis-history/balkars
Shih Le was a Chieh, a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language.
www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shih-le
In 104, 102, and 42 b.c.e. Chinese armies defeated the Turkic nomad Xiongnu alongside captive Roman soldiers in the former Greek kingdom of Sogdiana.
www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/globalization-asia
From this a some scholars hold that the Xiongnu had a script similar to Eurasian runiform and this alphabet itself served as the basis for the ancient Turkic writing.[127]
The Huns, who carried later the name of the Turks, originate in a country in the north of China.
www.cambridge.org/core/books/empires-and-exchanges-in-eurasian-late-antiquity/xiongnu-and-huns/A50D5FA09C67752CB0CD2E3441F87840/core-reader
Bro , you have great detail comprehensive knowledge of ancient China history
Later Turkic peoples in Mongolia all spoke forms of Common Turkic (z-Turkic) as opposed to Oghur (Bulgharic) Turkic, which withdrew to the west in the 4th century. The Chuvash language, spoken by 1 million people in European Russia, is the only living representative of Oghur Turkic which split from Proto Turkic around the 1st century AD.
Words in Mongolic like dayir (brown, Common Turkic yagiz) and nidurga (fist, Common Turkic yudruk) with initial *d and *n versus Common Turkic *y are sufficiently archaic to indicate loans from an earlier stage of Oghur (Pre-Proto-Bulgaric). This is because Chuvash and Common Turkic do not differ in these features despite differing fundamentally in rhotacism-lambdacism (Janhunen 2006). Oghur tribes lived in the Mongolian borderlands before the 5th century, and provided Oghur loanwords to Early Pre-Proto-Mongolic before Common Turkic loanwords.
Golden 2011, p. 31.
This can be surmised by analysing the names of Hunnic princes and tribes. The names of the following Hunnic princes are clearly Oghuric Turkic in origin: Mundzuk (Attila’s father, from Turkic Muncˇuq = pearl/jewel; for an in-depth discussion of the Hunnic origin of this name in particular see Schramm (1969), 139-40), Oktar/Uptar (Attila’s uncle, Öktär = brave/powerful), Oebarsius (another of Attila’s paternal uncles, Aïbârs = leopard of the moon), Karaton (Hunnic supreme king before Ruga, Qarâton = black-cloak), Basik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, early fifth century, Bârsig˘ = governor), Kursik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, from either Kürsig˘ , meaning brave or noble, or Quršiq meaning beltbearer). For these etymologies see Bona (1991), 33. Three of Attila’s known sons 40 have probable Turkic names: Ellac, Dengizich, Hernak, and Attila’s princi pal wife, the mother of the ‘crown prince’ Ellac, has the Turkic name Here kan, as does another notable wife named Eskam. See Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 392-415. See also Bona (1991), 33-5, and Pritsak (1956), 414. Most known Hunnic tribal names are also Turkic, Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 427-41, e.g. Ultincur, Akatir etc. The cur suffix in many of these names is a well-known Turkic title and as Beckwith (1987), 209, points out the To-lu or Tardus tribes (Hunnic in origin) of the Western Turkish On Oq were each headed by a Cur (noble). Zieme (2006), 115, speculates that the title cur belongs to a pre-Turkic Tocharian stratum of the Turkic language, which, if true, again highlights the essential heterogeneity of Central Asian peoples and even languages. See also Aalto (1971), 35. In addition to this primary language (Oghuric Turkic), Priscus informs us that Latin and Gothic were also understood by the Hunnic elite. See Priscus, fr. 13.3, Blockley (1983), 289.
Mclaughlin, Professors Hyun & Lieu, Rome and China: Points of Contact (Routledge, 2021)
Xiongnu or Hunnic empire is first proto Mongolian empire.On this day, China and Turkic countries tried to claim that Hunnic empire belongs to them . However, Mongolian and American archaeologists and historians jointly proved that the Huns are the direct ancestors of the Mongols.
Source trustmebro
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times.
The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes.
- Weishu, 103
Weishu "vol. 103 section Gāochē" text: 高車，蓋古赤狄之餘種也，初號為狄歷，北方以為勑勒，諸夏以為高車、丁零。其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也。其種有狄氏、袁紇氏、斛律氏、解批氏、護骨氏、異奇斤氏。" transl. "Gaoche, probably remnant stocks of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili, in the North they are considered Chile, the various Xia(i.e. Chinese) consider them Gaoche Dingling / Dingling with High-Carts. Their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though there are small differences. Or one may say they were sons-in-laws / sororal nephews of their Xiongnu predecessors. Their tribes are Di, Yuanhe, Hulu, Jiepi, Hugu, Yiqijin."
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu”
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.
Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。"
Book of Wei. Vol. 102. "悅般國，在烏孫西北，去代一萬九百三十里。其先，匈奴北單于之部落也。" Tr. "Yueban State is to the northwest of Wusun, at a distant of 10,930 lĭ from Dai. It formerly [was] the Northern Xiongnu chanyu's tribe."
Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119.
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).
Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2.
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.
Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176.
History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99
Book of Zhou, vol. 50
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005)
Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu"
Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants."
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon.
The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea]
At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army.
[...]
The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands.
The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground.
- Suishu, 84
This can be surmised by analysing the names of Hunnic princes and tribes. The names of the following Hunnic princes are clearly Oghuric Turkic in origin: Mundzuk (Attila’s father, from Turkic Muncˇuq = pearl/jewel; for an in-depth discussion of the Hunnic origin of this name in particular see Schramm (1969), 139-40), Oktar/Uptar (Attila’s uncle, Öktär = brave/powerful), Oebarsius (another of Attila’s paternal uncles, Aïbârs = leopard of the moon), Karaton (Hunnic supreme king before Ruga, Qarâton = black-cloak), Basik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, early fifth century, Bârsig˘ = governor), Kursik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, from either Kürsig˘ , meaning brave or noble, or Quršiq meaning beltbearer). For these etymologies see Bona (1991), 33. Three of Attila’s known sons 40 have probable Turkic names: Ellac, Dengizich, Hernak, and Attila’s princi pal wife, the mother of the ‘crown prince’ Ellac, has the Turkic name Here kan, as does another notable wife named Eskam. See Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 392-415. See also Bona (1991), 33-5, and Pritsak (1956), 414. Most known Hunnic tribal names are also Turkic, Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 427-41, e.g. Ultincur, Akatir etc. The cur suffix in many of these names is a well-known Turkic title and as Beckwith (1987), 209, points out the To-lu or Tardus tribes (Hunnic in origin) of the Western Turkish On Oq were each headed by a Cur (noble). Zieme (2006), 115, speculates that the title cur belongs to a pre-Turkic Tocharian stratum of the Turkic language, which, if true, again highlights the essential heterogeneity of Central Asian peoples and even languages. See also Aalto (1971), 35. In addition to this primary language (Oghuric Turkic), Priscus informs us that Latin and Gothic were also understood by the Hunnic elite. See Priscus, fr. 13.3, Blockley (1983), 289.
Mclaughlin, Professors Hyun & Lieu, Rome and China: Points of Contact (Routledge, 2021)
@@pompacitokmakci stop stealing others culture
kaynak:sinan enginin gür saçları
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
Anotha Banger Keep it up!!
Whenever I think of the Xiongnu I automatically think of Shan Yu from Mulan.
Because he's based on Modu Chan Yu.
I've seen Modu Chan Yu's picture /imaginary of course/ being as exactly same as Shan Yu from Mulan even before Mulan is released.
So I thought they took his design from that picture. But I can't find it from anywhere.
Oh btw two things came from his shoulders are actually tails of wolves or foxes.
@@bxyhxyh Yep! And I say Tengri bless Disney for doing that! (well sorta...)
The language of the 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰 people
(Ou)=U= it's / that
(here it's) >Më’u >Mu =Bu= this
(there it’s) >Thë’u >Tsu =Şu= that (şu=~xiou)
(yes it’s) >Hë’u >Hau =O= it (he /she)
(Al /ël)=(bearer/carrier)
ël-diger>Ol diğer= Alter > other
(Iz- uz) = S (plural suffix - doubling)
Der/Dar=(der = diger> other) ...(dar=narrow> nearest to the other)
(Ler/Lar)= plural suffixes > Ol diğer>elder/ uldar/ ular
Ön>eun>une>fore>first-one>front
Bir>ber>per>pri>pre>proto>fore>first one
Baş>beş>pesh>front>fifth-finger>first one>ahead
(önce=~firstly)-(önünde/öncesi=~before)-(öncü=pioneer)
Ka=(Qua)= which
Ka-u> Ki =(Qui)=which that
(Eun-de-ka-u) >Öndeki >(anterior)= which one’s in front (which one’s ahead)
(Ka-eun-de-u) >Kendi >(own)= which one’s the fore ( which one’s the first)
(euz=öz= self) (kendisi=own self /kendi özü=oneself)
our language
(this one)= Mu-eun > (Men)> Ben = I / me (eun-weu)
(that one)= Tsu-eun > (xien/thien)> Sen = You (eun-thu)
(the one) = Hë’u -eun > (an /on) > O = it (he /she) (eun-hëu)
(these ones)= Mu-eun-iz>(miŋiz)> Biz = We (eun-weu-s)
(those ones)=Tsu-eun-iz>(siŋiz)> Siz = You (eun-thu-s) (plural)
Hau-ël> Ol =O= it (he /she)
El=someone else (~bearer / hand)
(El-der)= Eller= other people (different persons)
Hau-ël-dar= (Ouldar) =Ullar (The bearer and other-s nearest to it/him)
Hau-eun-dar= (Andar)=Onlar= They
Mu-ël-dar=(Mouldar>Boullar) =(This bearer and other-s nearest to this)
Mu-eun-dar= (Moundar>Bounnar)=Bunlar= These
Tsu-ël-dar=(Xiouldar>Shoullar) =(That bearer and other-s nearest to that)
Tsu-eun-dar=(Xioundar>Shounnar)=Şunlar= Those
Dayı=(maternal) uncle
Dayım=my uncle
Dayımlar=my uncle and other ones closest to him=(~my uncle and his family) or (~my uncle and his close friends)
Dayılarım=my uncles
ikiz=(two similar ones) =twin
ikiler =two and other dual ones
üçüz=(three similar ones)=triplet
üçler = three and other triple ones
her = every her bir= each
her-bir-u = her biri = each one
bir-u-her =birer = single each
iki-tsu-her =ikişer =two each (each one’s a dual)
üç-u-her = üçer =three each ( each one’s a triple)
yedi-tsu-her = yedişer = each one's a septet
(Mu-ëun-iŋ)=Meniŋ=Benim=My
(Tsu-ëun-iŋ)=Seniŋ=Senin=Your
(Ou-ël-ëun-iŋ)=Olniŋ=Onun=His/her/its
(Mu-ëun-iz-iŋ)=Mŋiziŋ=Bizim=Our
(Tsu-ëun-iz-iŋ)=Sŋiziŋ=Sizin=Your (Plural)
(Ou-ël-ëun-dar-iŋ)=Olndarıŋ=Onların=Their
Ka-u=Ki=(Qui)=which that
(Meniŋ-ka-u):=which that my...= benimki=mine
(Seniŋ-ka-u):=which that your = seninki=yours
(Olniŋ-ka-u):=which that his/her/its= onunki= his/hers/its
Çün=(chiun)=factor
Ka=(Qua)= (which)
U=(ou)= it's (that)
(Ka-u)= Ki=(Qui)=which that
(Çün-ka-u)=(factor-which-that) =Çünki =(c'est-pour-quoi)=(that's why)=(therefore)= Because
U-Çün = the Factor İçün=it's for= için=for
Mak/Mek...(ımak/emek)= process/ exertion
Gel-mek= to come (the process of coming)
Gel-mek için = for coming =(the factor to the process of coming)
Görmek için= for seeing
Gitmek için= for going
for deriving new adjectives from verbs
A/e=to Çün=factor ( Jiu= intermediary factor /agent of)
suffixes..(Icı-ici-ucu-ücü) (the pronunciation is like ~uji)
...A/e +U+Çü =It's intermediary factor To ..
(geç-e-u-jiu) =it has an intermediary factor to pass =Geçici = transient /temporary
(uç-a-u-jiu) =it has an intermediary factor to fly = Uçucu = volatile
(kal-a-u-jiu) =it has an intermediary factor to remain = Kalıcı = permanent
(yan-a-u-jiu) =it has an intermediary factor to burn out = Yanıcı = flammable (yanıcı madde=flammable material)
(bağla-y-a-u-jiu) =it has an intermediary factor to biind/connect = Bağlayıcı = binding/connective
for deriving new adjectives from nouns and adjectives
Çün=factor ( Jiu= intermediary factor /agent of)
suffixes.. (Cı-ci-cu-cü) or (Çı-çi-çu-çü) =busyness (mostly about mision and profession)
(jaban-jiu) Yabancı = (outsider)=foreign-er
(ish-jiu> İşçi= work-er
kapıcı=doorman
demirci=ironsmith
gemici=sailor
deŋizci=seaman
for deriving adjectives from the numbers
U-Ne-Jiu =that-what-factor
suffixes..(Ncı-ncu-nci-ncü)
(Bir-u-ne-jiu)=Birinci= ~first (initial)
(İki-u-ne-jiu)= İkinci= second
(Üç-u-ne-jiu)= Üçüncü=third
(Miŋ-u-ne-jiu)=Bininci=thousandth
Annemiŋ pişirdiği tavuk çorbası =(Anne-m-iŋ Biş-dir-di-qa-u Tavğuk Chorba-tsu)= the chicken soup which (belongs to that) my mom cook-ed...
Arkadaşımdan bana gelğen mektubu okudum= (Arkadaş-ım-daen meŋ-a (gel-qa-eun) mektup-u oku-du-m)= I've read the-letter (which-one-comes) from my friend to me
Sen eve giderken = (Sen Ev-e Git-e-er u-ka-en) = (which-the-time You get-to-Go to-Home)= While you go home
Seni gördüğüm yer = (Sen-u Gör-dü-qa-u-m yer) = (which-the-place I Saw (that) You) = Where I saw you
İşe başlayacağı gün= iş-e başla-y'a-çak(qa)-u gün (Ki o gün işe başlayacak)=(which) the day s/he's gonna start to work
To not be confused with the General Han Xin and Han Xin King of Haan, Vietnamese we usually called them Hàn Tín (Han Xin) and Hàn Vương Tín (Xin, King of Han), respectively.
Is Modu related to Attila ?
He has a 33rd generation grandson and is thought to come from the Central Asian noble family, the founder of the European Huns.
No but both turk
"The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18).
Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns.
To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown.
The Yuezhi and Wusun were predominantly made up of Indo-Europeans. You'd often see their depiction being mentioned with green, jade-like eyes and bright red coloured hairs. The Yuezhi would later on migrate westward towards the Hindu Kush and formed the Kushan Empire as they defeated the Greek Kingdom of Bactria in modern-day Afghanistan and the Indo-Greek Kingdom in modern-day Pakistan to Northern India.
Yuezhi are basically Tocharians in Greek records.
Wusuns were Turkic
@@nietzsche193 no
@@عليياسر-ك8ف chinese sources proven it
Other scholars such as de la Vaissière, based on a recent reappraisal of the Chinese sources, suggest that the Hephthalites were initially of Turkic origin, and later adopted the Bactrian language, first for administrative purposes, and possibly later as a native language; according to Rezakhani (2017), this thesis is seemingly the "most prominent at present".[59][60][61]
ly the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu"
Joseph T. Arlinghaus referred to a Syriac chronicle from c. 555 CE, which mentions Khulas, Abdel, and Ephthalite as three of the nomadic tribes from the "lands of the Huns."
Execute one of the most legendary generals in Chinese history and use a low budget replica instead lol
every video of that includes liu bang, "was a peasant scoundrel............." 😂
love turkic Xiongnu from UK 🇬🇧🙏
In my opinion they wasn't turkic, but took part in enthnogenesis of future turkic ethnicity with other ethnical groups of steppe
@@r3dum877 Introduction à l'histoire de l'Asie : Turcs et Mongols, des origines à 1405
The book of Leon Cahun
Turks are the descendants of the Xiungnu
@@kosukcuafrasiyab Yeah, people think Xiongnu was ONLY ascendant of Turks. But they're also ascendants of Mongols too.
@@bxyhxyh Turks and Mongolian Nation of the Same Lands
It was certainly part of the Xiungnu State in the Mongols, but the rulers were Turks.
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
i really love how you guys present chinese history this way, makes me feel like the topic my canadian history teachers tend to miss or not truly understand when i was young (heck they don't even know much about indigenous culture so it is what it was). but in all honesty history is too big of a topic for one person to be a master of
bro this is not Chinese history. You must do more researches about the Xiongnu Empire. They did so many wars with Chinese and Modu Chanyu (or with its Turkish referance Mete Han) is known as father of Turkish army.
@@vitocorleone6105 *Turkic/Turk not "Turkish".
@@vitocorleone6105 xiongnu were mongolian not Turkic, the Turks were similar to Mongolians but were more east in the kayak region.
Which Nation history is this?
It’s his cooler to raid than buying
Han and Xiongnu were both descendants of Hsia. Anyway the Xiongnu were fully assimilated into the Chinese nation between the Fall of the Han dynasty and the Rise of the Tang dynasty.
Fantastic!
Thanks, and thank you for the coffee too, Harold.
You are welcome!
为什么每个人都声称自己是匈奴人的后代？🫵
They want to be the cool kids.
Huns are turco-mongalians only.All leaders was Turkic but people in country was mongols
Bro modu chanyu literally just killed his wife like that 😂
Not modu. Called Mete han, and he Killed his own father to Save hun state. Which worked and kicked off Chinese.
In turkish history books its not mentioned that he killed his own wife for loyalty. In steppe nomad culture the wife was sacred and highly respected in the household tribes. Killing your own wife would mean huge disrespect against your own tribe. Its not logical because he would kill his own childrens mother for loyalty.
@@muchi123456 Did he kill his own wife? I thought it was his father.
@@TatarProductions yeah thats correct, he killed his father. After that he herited is fathers army and then killed his step mother an brother.
@@muchi123456 I see
Huns are ancestor of Mongols
@ALP ER TUNGA I know Turks were a nomadic people, and I love Turkey. But no one can judge or change history. I like to study history with archeological and cultural facts. Let me give you a little information. The Turks have always been Muslims, while the Huns and ancient Mongols have worship ed the "Tengri" (sky). It is also the birthplace of Central Asia, where Mongolians still live. Modun Chanyu , the founder of the Hun dynasty, and his father, Toumen chanyu, have Mongolian names. Modun means 'tree', Toumen means "tens" and chanyu was the highest title of the Hun Dynasty.I have heard that Mongolians still use these names. I hope you understand. Take care of yourself.😉👌
The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus between the 4th and 6th century AD. They are nomads who have fought many times to expand from Central Asia to China to Europe. The Ruga king expanded to Europe. Then his two nephews, Attila and Bleda are ruled Europe. Attila was born in Europe during the conquest of Europe, so he is called a European or Turk, but his roots are in the center of Asia
I lived in Mongolia for 2 years. At that time, I saw monuments and wonderful exhibits from the Xiongnu period. I've seen a little bit about the Xiongnu. If I want to look at the expansion of the Xiongnu into Europe, I go to Europe, especially to Turkey.
@@blackksunnn2274 That doesnt make sense. "The Turks have always been Muslims, while the Huns and ancient Mongols have worship ed the "Tengri" (sky)." The Gökturk Empire was a Turkic Empire even the name was Turkic and their Religion was Tengrism.
The founders of the xiongnu state are Turks and the Mongols live as a minority within the state, that is, the state is a Turkish state. The same is true in the Mongol empire. The founders of the Mongolian empire are Mongols, but the Turks lived as a minority in the state.
Modun Shanyu is Mongolian 🇲🇳 . Not turk.
@ALP ER TUNGA
They are Turks
The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28]
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
Collisions and trade with the Xiongnu , fierce Turkic-speaking nomads of the north and west, began in the life- time of Confucius.
“The Emergence of an International System in East Asia.” East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World, by WARREN I. COHEN, Columbia University Press, NEW YORK, 2000, pp. 1-61.
which is about the Han Dynasty general Su Wu, who was captured in 100 b.c. while on a diplomatic mission to the Xiongnu , a Turkic clan in central Asia.
“FROM LUN ON AND LUN HOP TO THE GREAT CHINA THEATER, 1922-1925.” Chinatown Opera Theater in North America, by Nancy Yunhwa Rao, University of Illinois Press, Urbana; Chicago; Springfield, 2017, pp. 152-184.
The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu , whose confederation had broken up
“Reunification in the Buddhist Age.” China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition, by John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England, 2006, pp. 72-87.
They aii belong to the Yugus branch of the western Xiongnu group of the Turkic languages, which are part of the Altaic language family.
“The Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest China.” Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China, by JONATHAN N. LIPMAN, University of Washington Press, SEATTLE; LONDON, 1997, pp. 3-23.
Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552
"There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians."
Land conl icts were also a factor in the frequent clashes from the third century BC onwards between the Chinese Qin and Han Dynasties and the alliance of Turkic nomads, called the Xiongnu people. In the third century BC, the Xiongnu bordered the northwest frontier of Chinese imperial lands, and controlled many of the key trading centers along the land-based routes of the Silk Roads all the way to the Caucasus Mountains.
Barbier, E. (2010). The Rise of Cities (from 3000 BC to 1000 AD). In Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through Natural Resource Exploitation (pp. 84-156). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511781131.004
It was the Hsiung-nu, a Turkic tribe , who first exerted pressure on the Chinese rulers in the north by capturing Lo-yang in 311 and Ch'ang-an in 316. From this period on, north China was under the sway of non- Chinese rulers.
“INITIAL CONTACT AND RESPONSE: BUDDHISM UNDER THE EASTERN CHIN DYNASTY.” Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey, by KENNETH K. S. CH’EN, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1964, pp. 57-93.
@ALP ER TUNGA her yere spam yap
The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations.
The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise).
Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17.
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.
Vaissière, Etienne de la (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephthalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 122.
"The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18).
Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns.
To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown.
Gaoju, apparently, are the remaining branch of the ancient Chidi. Originally they were called "Dili", in the north they are called "Chile", and in China - "Gaoju Dinglings", i.e. High Carts Dinglings. Their language is generally similar to the Xiongnu, but sometimes there are small differences.
- Book of Wei
Wei Shou (魏收). Book of Wei (History of Northern Wei Dynasty). Peking, Bo-na, 1958, pp. 26a-26b
translation by Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of nomadic tribes in China 3rd-5th cc", Issue 2 "Jie", "Science", Moscow, 1990, p. 168, Note 158, ISBN 5-02-016543-3
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times.
The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes.
- Weishu, 103
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu”
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.
Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。"
*Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119.
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).
Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2.
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.
Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176.
History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99
Book of Zhou, vol. 50
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005)
Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu"
Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants."
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon.
The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea]
At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army.
[...]
The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands.
The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground.
- Suishu, 84
Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).
This can be surmised by analysing the names of Hunnic princes and tribes. The names of the following Hunnic princes are clearly Oghuric Turkic in origin: Mundzuk (Attila’s father, from Turkic Muncˇuq = pearl/jewel; for an in-depth discussion of the Hunnic origin of this name in particular see Schramm (1969), 139-40), Oktar/Uptar (Attila’s uncle, Öktär = brave/powerful), Oebarsius (another of Attila’s paternal uncles, Aïbârs = leopard of the moon), Karaton (Hunnic supreme king before Ruga, Qarâton = black-cloak), Basik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, early fifth century, Bârsig˘ = governor), Kursik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, from either Kürsig˘ , meaning brave or noble, or Quršiq meaning beltbearer). For these etymologies see Bona (1991), 33. Three of Attila’s known sons 40 have probable Turkic names: Ellac, Dengizich, Hernak, and Attila’s princi pal wife, the mother of the ‘crown prince’ Ellac, has the Turkic name Here kan, as does another notable wife named Eskam. See Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 392-415. See also Bona (1991), 33-5, and Pritsak (1956), 414. Most known Hunnic tribal names are also Turkic, Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 427-41, e.g. Ultincur, Akatir etc. The cur suffix in many of these names is a well-known Turkic title and as Beckwith (1987), 209, points out the To-lu or Tardus tribes (Hunnic in origin) of the Western Turkish On Oq were each headed by a Cur (noble). Zieme (2006), 115, speculates that the title cur belongs to a pre-Turkic Tocharian stratum of the Turkic language, which, if true, again highlights the essential heterogeneity of Central Asian peoples and even languages. See also Aalto (1971), 35. In addition to this primary language (Oghuric Turkic), Priscus informs us that Latin and Gothic were also understood by the Hunnic elite. See Priscus, fr. 13.3, Blockley (1983), 289.
Mclaughlin, Professors Hyun & Lieu, Rome and China: Points of Contact (Routledge, 2021)
@ALP ER TUNGA A Turkic Greek pretends to be Turkic,LOL
Modu Even more though guy than Genghizkhan. Really.. What brutal experience he faced? to come up with such baddas idea of killing his favorite horse, wife and father.. So after he became a boss, it's continued through a tribute to enemy with leaving them most precious property.. Horses and wives. He's really more badass than Genghizkhan
Modu Chanyu Created a Nation
They were both Mongols
@@gdp1004 Xiongnu were Proto Mongols
the name Mongols arose from 12th century
@@gdp1004 xiognu is oghur turkic
@@burakasik3937 never heard of that
Why put pictures of tibetan people as example?
Can you do it about
the Turkish Ottoman Empire?
12:00 Sarcasm?
Touman actually means smoke in Turkic language
Touman actually means ten thousand in Mongolian language. The man who leads ten 1000.
@@byambajavr6519 that’s modern
Mongolian, im certain it’s different in pre proto Mongol language
@@byambajavr6519 the origin is TURKIC
@@byambajavr6519 Mongolian word of Turkic origin
@@byambajavr6519
This can be surmised by analysing the names of Hunnic princes and tribes. The names of the following Hunnic princes are clearly Oghuric Turkic in origin: Mundzuk (Attila’s father, from Turkic Muncˇuq = pearl/jewel; for an in-depth discussion of the Hunnic origin of this name in particular see Schramm (1969), 139-40), Oktar/Uptar (Attila’s uncle, Öktär = brave/powerful), Oebarsius (another of Attila’s paternal uncles, Aïbârs = leopard of the moon), Karaton (Hunnic supreme king before Ruga, Qarâton = black-cloak), Basik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, early fifth century, Bârsig˘ = governor), Kursik (Hunnic noble of royal blood, from either Kürsig˘ , meaning brave or noble, or Quršiq meaning beltbearer). For these etymologies see Bona (1991), 33. Three of Attila’s known sons 40 have probable Turkic names: Ellac, Dengizich, Hernak, and Attila’s princi pal wife, the mother of the ‘crown prince’ Ellac, has the Turkic name Here kan, as does another notable wife named Eskam. See Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 392-415. See also Bona (1991), 33-5, and Pritsak (1956), 414. Most known Hunnic tribal names are also Turkic, Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 427-41, e.g. Ultincur, Akatir etc. The cur suffix in many of these names is a well-known Turkic title and as Beckwith (1987), 209, points out the To-lu or Tardus tribes (Hunnic in origin) of the Western Turkish On Oq were each headed by a Cur (noble). Zieme (2006), 115, speculates that the title cur belongs to a pre-Turkic Tocharian stratum of the Turkic language, which, if true, again highlights the essential heterogeneity of Central Asian peoples and even languages. See also Aalto (1971), 35. In addition to this primary language (Oghuric Turkic), Priscus informs us that Latin and Gothic were also understood by the Hunnic elite. See Priscus, fr. 13.3, Blockley (1983), 289.
Mclaughlin, Professors Hyun & Lieu, Rome and China: Points of Contact (Routledge, 2021)
Make sure to mention the horses Emperor Wu got from the Greeks.
XIONGU 🇺🇿🇦🇿🇰🇿🇹🇲🇭🇺🇰🇬🇹🇷🐺
Turkish, Hungarians and Azerbaijanis it is difficult to say that their ancestors were the Xiongnu.
@@qazaqrouran3868 Bro even the Chinese sites are saying that
Mongolians are pure Huns. Original turk language was much similar with mongolian language. But turks are too much mixed with arabics.
@@byambajavr6519 Azerbaijanis and Turks have nothing to do with the Turkic people in Central Asia. They are linguistic Turks, not ethnically like Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Yakuts, Tuvans. Yes, they are more like Greeks and Armenians, while Kazakhs and Kyrgyz are Asians, pure Turkic.
@@qazaqrouran3868 Turks in Turkey mixed with other people and dont even those Asian eyes because they reached something. Not to be rude but Kyrgyz the "pure Turks" are pure but reached nothing compared to Anatolian Turks with the Ottoman and Seljuk Empire. They are our ancestors aswell because we are Turks. I would rather choose a big history then having nothing but being "pure"
突厥和蒙古都认为自己是匈奴，有意思
Turkic not mongol
Mongols are the Chinese who stole Turkic history
Drinking game. Take a sip everytime Cool History Bro says "executed".
why does this remind me of the ming-qing war? lol
-xiongnu (hunnu, huns), siyanbi, rouran (nerun) toba, khitans were mongolic nomads and acestors of mongols.
during the domination of confederations such as xiongnu-hunnu, siyanbi, rouran, the ancient turkic tribes (tureg) were a small group of blacksmiths and slaves who provided iron made stuffs for each khanate.
-somewhere around year 550 after the war between rouran and toba (toba was suppurted by chinese) and gave powerful punch to the rouran army, meanwhile turkic tribes were rising in shadows united after gaining massive population in numbers. thus, rose to power and defeated what was left from the rouran khanate and took control of steppe till year 750 by expanding their borders to west created a vast empire.
-at year 700 turkic khanate were not that strong as their time of rise and was slowly weakening turks were overthrown by uighur people around in 750.
in 850 khitans took control of steppe but wasn't strong enough like previous confederations.
-during the 1000-1160 there were no serious force in mongolian steppes but only a multiple small tribes of waring with each other for pasture for their herds until Temuujin (Chinggis Khan) of mongolian "khiyad borjigin" clan unites all tribes and creates "Khamag Mongol (The whole Mongol empire)" in 1206
- by the age of 1500 there was almost nothing left from mongol empire only a remaining small khanates such as central mongols, djungar (western mongols) south easter n mongols were in conflict for supremacy over each other like in ancients times.
Xiongnu and Tuoba were indeed Turkic
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
Xianbei and Khitans were Para-Mongolic NOT Mongolic
@@papazataklaattiranimam wtf turco???
your acestors is dunhu , hunnus closer to turkics , even to Hungars . Gengis han also used turkic forces (kereis , naimans was turkic speakers. Read Rashid ad Dinn)
@@t3ngristtt who is dunhus , tell me little mongol
Xiongnu was Mongol state
No mete han is turkic
@@Error111 He was born in Mongolia. They were Mongols
@@gdp1004 Cause back then mongolia was turkic ,Turks were rulling Mongolia.I was born in belgium but that doesn't mean that i'm belgian your dna says what you are Xiongus were turkic tribes in china but they were turks modu chanyu took turkic, mongolian warriors and became powerful and won against the Chinese
@@Error111 There is no evidence that there was Turkic people living area of Mongolia.
@@Error111 😂😂😂😂Turk did not even exist during that time
Xiognu are mongols not Turks or any Turkic people 🇲🇳🇲🇳🇲🇳
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
Xiongnu=🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷 who ruled your ancestors🤣🤣🤣
Mongols tribe only exist 1000 yrs after Xiongnu.
@@papazataklaattiranimam ahhh turk!!!
@@papazataklaattiranimam if turks were ruling, why they immigrated to Europe 🤣🤣🤣
Xiongnu Ruling dynasty They are Mongolians aren't Han Chinese, and we may agree with the Chinese historians and may disagree with them
The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations.
The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise).
Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17.
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.
Vaissière, Etienne de la (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephthalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 122.
"The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18).
Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns.
To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown.
Gaoju, apparently, are the remaining branch of the ancient Chidi. Originally they were called "Dili", in the north they are called "Chile", and in China - "Gaoju Dinglings", i.e. High Carts Dinglings. Their language is generally similar to the Xiongnu, but sometimes there are small differences.
- Book of Wei
Wei Shou (魏收). Book of Wei (History of Northern Wei Dynasty). Peking, Bo-na, 1958, pp. 26a-26b
translation by Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of nomadic tribes in China 3rd-5th cc", Issue 2 "Jie", "Science", Moscow, 1990, p. 168, Note 158, ISBN 5-02-016543-3
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times.
The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes.
- Weishu, 103
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu”
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.
Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。"
*Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119.
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).
Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2.
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.
Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176.
History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99
Book of Zhou, vol. 50
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005)
Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu"
Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants."
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon.
The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea]
At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army.
[...]
The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands.
The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground.
- Suishu, 84
Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).
They are Turkic not Mongolic
Ancient Mongolia was inhabited by Turkic peoples not Mongolic
totally messed up ，totally addictive
*QUESTION:* Why Emperor "Liu Bang" has a defeat against the Xiongnu tribe(匈奴) at the baideng battle(白登之戰),200 BC? The Qin dynasty age had kicked them into Mongolian land by mobilizing huge scale army.
*RESPONSE:* All Chinese land(Yellow River & Hwang-Ho river Area) was devastated by frequent and continuous slaughter and looting during Chu-Han Contention(楚漢戰爭) since the Qin dynasty collapsed. The whole Chinese population was reduced to five million and 15~30 age of young men were dead in the battleground. Later, then both sides mobilize children and elders, and every general became riding a cow instead of a horse. Because all military horse dead. After the Chinese land unified, Han-dynasty diplomatic & military power extremely weaken. Of course, Liu Bang has come to know that true by listening who Yoo-Kyung's(劉敬) advice. For a hundred years, Han-dynasty avoided at war against the powerful Xiongnu tribe and waiting until an opportunity comes.
His name was METE
3:15 🤔 hmmm
What's the moral people?
DON'T PLAY FAVORITISM WITH YOUR KIDS!
Turkic history start!
Xiongnu Empire!🙏
Morale of the story: obedience is more valuable than any treasure.
Unrelated: his stepmom is kinda hot 🥵 though 🤠
I heard the first han xin was really good 😌 but r we sure he could have beaten moudu? This guy is pretty 😍 persistent
Very possible, Han Xin is probably one of the best chinese general ever. although I believe he probably doesn’t have as much experience with Xiong nu. I believe people like general wei Qing has greater chance beating modu. He fought the entire Xiong nu and beat them during the Han wu di period. Because him Han eventually won the Xiong nu war.
@@papercat2599 There were 2 Han Xin at that time, the other one is the king's direct descent of Han state of Zhou Dynasty
“Recent research suggests that Hunnu did not differ much from modern Mongols in their appearance and may represent their ancestors. Anthropological studies show that the Mongoloid race or Central Asian type was already well shaped by the time of Hunnu. This a final conclusion made by Prof. G.Tumen, Chair of the Anthropology and Archeology of the Mongolian National University, after more than 30 years of comparative study of skulls from Stone Age to modern times. DNA analysis also proved the consistency of genetic lines between Hunnu and modern Mongols. This scientific conclusion implies that Atilla the Hun was indeed an ancestor of the Mongols.” Factsanddetails.com
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Shih Le was a Chieh, a Hsiung-nu tribe which seems to have spoken a Turkic language.
www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shih-le
In 104, 102, and 42 b.c.e. Chinese armies defeated the Turkic nomad Xiongnu alongside captive Roman soldiers in the former Greek kingdom of Sogdiana.
www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/globalization-asia
Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA41
0.06108399 Tatar_Siberian
0.06231494 Nogai
0.06282693 Uygur
0.06548345 Karakalpak
0.06585332 Hazara
0.06614142 Hazara_Afghanistan
0.07146758 Tubalar
0.08132082 Uzbek
0.08210203 Bashkir
0.08566547 Kazakh
0.09118132 Shor_Mountain
0.09178028 Shor
0.09363371 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye
0.09606831 Shor_Khakassia
0.10848495 Khakass
0.11646646 Yukagir_Forest
0.11889523 Kirghiz_China
0.12013174 Kirghiz
0.13261421 Turkmen_Uzbekistan
0.13623327 Tlingit
0.14055425 Kazakh_China
0.14074878 Mansi
0.14114272 Turkmen
0.14551228 Khanty
0.14809688 Khakass_Kachins
*Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. This point has been repeated by thousands of historians, sinologists, turcologists, altaistics, and other researchers. Let me try to state how this idea began with Sinology researchers.[1]
*Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 386-9, also thinks that these names are the Germanic or Germanicized names of Turkic Huns.[2]
*The language of the Huns has always been classified in the Turkic linguistic family.[3]
*In the 5th century A . D . the Danube Slavs had lived in symbiosis with the Turkic Huns[4]
*One of the first and most ferocious of such Asiatic (Turkic) peoples were the Huns.[5]
*A large number of many different Turkic tribes were called Huns.[6]
*It is conceivable that the Huns (Ephthalites), who irrupted into Central Asia in the early fifth century, were Turkic.[7]
*Probably a substantial group of Hunnish peoples spoke some form of Turkic, a subfamily of the Altaic languages.[8]
*Danube used by a large number of Turkic peoples - including Huns, Avars,Bulgars,Cumans.[9]
* Among them, the Vandals were East Germanic, the Suevi or 'Swabians' were Central Germanic, the Huns were Turkic, and the Alans were Iranic (like the modern Ossetians).[10]
*Also, with the various Turkic tribes on the west; especially with the Huns.[11]
*Historic Turkic kingdoms (the earliest being the Great Hun Empire from 200 B.C., which stretched from Siberia to Tibet,and the last being the Ottoman Empire founded in A.D. 1299),hinting at a racial side to Turkish identity.[12]
*By the fifth century, the last of the Tocharians was driven from the region by nomadic Huns, possibly the earliest of many subsequent waves of Tur- kic invaders in Central Asia.[13]
*Who are the Turkic Peoples?
This great family of peoples includes the Huns,Khazars,Avars and Bulgar-Turks of former times.[14]
*The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu[15]
*Horses were vital to maintaining Han military strength against the increasing nomadic incur. sions from the Turkic Xiongnu tribal armies along the northern borders and in the northwest.[16]
*The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han military expeditions across the Pamirs into Central Asia.[17]
* By the 5th century many of the troops were barbarian foederation of Germanic, Turkic (“Huns and "Bulgars), and, perhaps, “Slavic origins [18]
* The fact that the Bulgars of Asparukh - whom we considered descendants of the Huns led by Irnikh -were Turks.[19]
*While the Hun hords of Attila that tried to conquer Europe were surely Proto-Türks.[20]
Sources:
*1- The Origins of the Huns-The History Files
*2-The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe(Cambridge University Press)-Page 177
*3-Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 1964
(Harvard University Press)
*4-Among the People, Native Yugoslav Ethnography: Selected 1982(Michigan University Press)
*5-Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes(University of Chicago Press)-Page 332
*6-Eurasian Studies Yearbook Volume 74 Eurolingua, 2002
*7-Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Un-Page 384
*8-The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer(University of California Press)-Page 15
*9-The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelth Century(University of Michigan Press)-Page 25
*10-Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations
*11-China ancient and modern-Page-55
*12-Turkey: What Everyone Needs to Know®(Oxford University Press)
*13-Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia-Page 251
*14-Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods : Proceedings
*15-China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition(Harvard University Press)-Page 73
*16-Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China ; Gansu and Ningxia, 4th - 7th Century ; [on the Occasion of the Exhibition "Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China", Organized by the Asia Society Museum, New York, October 13, 2001 - January 6, 2002 ...]
*17-The Harvard Dictionary of Music-Page 261
*18- The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity-Page 1346
*19- The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia Volume 1-Page 202
*20-China Knowledge-Xiongnu
The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, especially Turkic ones, from the Steppes of Central Asia.
www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Hunnic_Empire
Even the language spoken by the Huns is in dispute, though most experts believe they were of Turkish speech.
www.britannica.com/place/the-Steppe/New-barbarian-incursions
Azerbaijan open to raids by Turkic nomadic tribes from the north, including Khazars and Huns.
www.encyclopedia.com/places/commonwealth-independent-states-and-baltic-nations/cis-and-baltic-political-geography-6#HISTORY
The Huns have often been considered a Turkic people, and sometimes associated with the Xiongnu.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_migration#Origin_theories
@@papazataklaattiranimam Turkish is genetically closer to Greek than asian okay? Xiongnu were largely mogols with some forces from former Yuezhi which are Euroasian ppl.
Stalin is probably a total Modu Fangirl
Why does his name sound so much like Shan Yu from Mulan?
Chanyu (pronounced Shanyu) is a title that they used to name that villain in Mulan.
@@CoolHistoryBros That explains is!
Fun fact: Modu Chanyu is the modern chinese mandarin reading of the Turkic title Bayatur Tarqan/Batur Tarkhan.
According to the "Book of Song", the Rourans, whom Book of Wei identified as offspring of Proto-Mongolic Donghu people, possessed the alternative name (s) 大 檀 Dàtán "Tatar" and / or 檀 檀Tántán "Tartar" and according to Book of Liang, "they also constituted a separate branch of the Xiongnu. Tatars are mongolian tribes.
However, Chinese chroniclers routinely ascribed Xiongnu origins to various nomadic groups: for examples, Xiongnu ancestry was ascribed to Turkic-speaking Göktürks and Tiele as well as Para-Mongolic-speaking Kumo Xi and Khitans. Today's Daurs (Khitans) are male relatives of the Southern Сhanuy. Kumo Xi and Kimaks mongolian tribes.
Genghis Khan refers to the time of Modu Chanyu as "the remote times of our Chanyu" in his letter to Daoist Qiu Chuji. Sun and moon symbol of Xiongnu that discovered by archaeologists is similar to Mongolian Soyombo symbol.
Donghu and Rouran were Para-Mongolic not Mongolic
The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations.
The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise).
Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17.
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.
Vaissière, Etienne de la (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephthalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 122.
"The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18).
Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns.
To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown.
Gaoju, apparently, are the remaining branch of the ancient Chidi. Originally they were called "Dili", in the north they are called "Chile", and in China - "Gaoju Dinglings", i.e. High Carts Dinglings. Their language is generally similar to the Xiongnu, but sometimes there are small differences.
- Book of Wei
Wei Shou (魏收). Book of Wei (History of Northern Wei Dynasty). Peking, Bo-na, 1958, pp. 26a-26b
translation by Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of nomadic tribes in China 3rd-5th cc", Issue 2 "Jie", "Science", Moscow, 1990, p. 168, Note 158, ISBN 5-02-016543-3
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times.
The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes.
- Weishu, 103
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu”
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.
Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。"
*Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119.
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).
Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2.
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.
Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176.
History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99
Book of Zhou, vol. 50
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005)
Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu"
Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants."
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon.
The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea]
At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army.
[...]
The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands.
The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground.
- Suishu, 84
Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).
Not Modu Chanyu This İs Mete Han
Meu ancestral, pelo lado do meu avô!
Modu chanyu or in its proper Turkic/Mongolian spelling Baator Darqan.
Turkic not mongol
Of Turkic origin
Iskitlere Irani diyenler var Avrupa Hunlara Germanic veya Irani diyenler var. Asya Hunlara ise Moğol/ Yenisey/ Irani veya Uralic diyenler var. Bu çok yüzüçü hepsi Türk Düşmanlari :(
Wait wait wait.... hu are we talking about?
Sorry. Genuinely sorry. Couldnt resist.
It's a pity Xiang Yu didn't work together with Liu bang.
They could conquer the world.
Jk.. I wanaa see how it playout.
They could've done what the bigger China (Rome) did, a Princeps and a co-princeps, except make it so there is a Huang Di of civil administration and a Huang Di of the military.
Now I realize this double monarchy thing is more of a Spartan thing
Weird you call Liu Bang all those names truth be told all the Chinese warlords post-qin breakup were selfish , ruthless including liu no less . Xiang Yu was a real jerk who murdered the former king of chu and usurped the title of hegemon of the rebellion against the Qin from him . Liu actually even captured the Qin capital and it's imperial prefectures first but the warlord Xiang Yu demand liu to hand it over to him and then instead of establishing a new dynasty like a sane man divided the whole empire of Qin Shi Huang into 16 kingdoms which were the restored titles of the summer and autumn period kingdoms . With him obviously choosing the strongest and most populous province Chu while give Liu Bang the remote and mountainous kingdom of Han surrounded by 3 former Qin generals granted kingdoms bordering han to make sure liu never stepped out of his boundaries . Upon announcing returning to his homeland of Chu one of his more sane headed retainers piped the famous insult "it is true when people say the men from Chu are actually pigs in human disguise" . Xiang Yu then proceded to boil the man alive for his insult .
His insult was not in vain though because everyone remembers these words because everyone know Xiang Yu was exactly that.
l am from Türkiye and according to illustrative DNA test, l have %30 Xiongnu genome.
At bronze age period l have nearly 6.6 amur river hunter gatherers genome also l have 3.6 yellow river hunter gatherers genome. %20 central steppe herderer. My haplogroup iş Q M378 in 2012 Li Jioliang a scientict find in china black gouliang cementary of Xiongnu supreme elite rulers. 4 indivuals who were the hosts have Q M378 and the sacrificiated men 8 of them has Q M 25 Y DNA haplogroup.
So you are one of the Aryan people who used to live with the Huns and western Mongolia 😂😂😂😂
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب
Turkic people originated in Manchuria and were mongoloid
Xionggu are the ancestors of Mongolia
Nope, Turkic
@@pars1020 I don’t think so
Asian Hun state is the first state in Turkish history. After the collapse of the Hun state, all Turkish tribes dispersed and the Turks established states in Central Asia, Europe, Anatolia and Iran. It was proven that the Huns were Turks. However, there were not only Turks in the Hun state, but also Mongols and other Asian races. but mete han was Turkish, the dynasty was Turkish.
Xiongnu are Not chinese or mongolians proto turks
@@pars1020no