How the Solar System lost its 5th Gas Giant - Simulation - (Universe Sandbox)
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- Опубликовано: 12 сен 2020
- This is a simulation showing how we may have lost our 5th Gas Giant during the Late Heavy Bombardment ~4.1 billion years ago. It starts off just as Neptune is about to cross the orbit of Uranus and migrate outwards. The 5th giant conversely, was interacting and being severely affected by the gravitational influence of Saturn, migrating inwards and eventually crossing orbits. This is when the simulation starts. The mass of the 5th Giant is thought to be ~10 Earth masses so this is the value used in the simulation.
The orbit order is measured by Semi-major axis, not by it's Aphelion (furthest distance). If an orbit disappears at any point, it is because of a close planetary encounter. We also don't talk about what happened to Mercury...
I also made this video as an offshoot to my next video on Planetary Habitability - the Solar System's formation.
CORRECTIONS:
- I spelt "Rogue" wrong near the end of the video. My bad.
- I have been seeing a few comments that are stating that the ending is not entirely clear about what happened to the 5th Giant, but that is the point. Because Planet Nine's existence is disputed, we cannot say for certain that the 5th Giant was ejected from the system. It likely was, but first we need to find Planet Nine, and then see if there is a correlation between it and the hypothesised 5th Giant that this simulation highlights to see if they are the same object. If Planet Nine doesn't exist, then we can say for certain that the 5th Giant was ejected in the Early Solar System.
- Fixed the wrong use of "It's" in the video title. (17/07/22)
Software:
Universe Sandbox
(NOTE: Universe Sandbox 1 is now known as "Universe Sandbox Legacy", while Universe Sandbox 2 is now just known as "Universe Sandbox")
universesandbox.com/
Steam workshop link to scenario: steamcommunity.com/sharedfile...
References/Sources:
Nice Model en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nice_model
Jumping-Jupiter Scenario en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumping...
Five-planet Nice model en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-pl...
Late Heavy Bombardment en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_He...
Evidence for a Distant Giant Planet in the Solar System (Batygin and Brown, 2016) arxiv.org/abs/1601.05438
Planet Nine en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_...
Music:
Spirit of Fire - Jesse Gallagher (April 2020) 
Наука
Hold up, Is this made up or is it for real that we once had another gas giant in our solar system.
It is thought that one of the explanations for the "Late Heavy Bombardment", ~4.1 billion years ago was due to instability and planetary migration of the giant planets. Recent models suggest that to produce the modern orbits of the Outer Planets, a 5th giant planet was more likely to have reproduced those orbits rather than doing similar simulations with our traditional 4 giant system. Whether it did actually exist or not is still up for debate in the scientific community due to many other various factors such as timings, specific resonances, planetesimal origin etc.
From what I have read, it more likely did exist than not, so yes... It could have been real. The links to the sources of the information are in the video description if you are interested, but it is rather complicated if you don't have prior knowledge, especially for a Wikipedia article (which itself is derived from various different scientific papers with different conclusions).
I searched on google it says we really have a fifth giant in the past
@@PersonyPerson wow
@@rajikumari1383 And another rock planet called Theia, which collided with Earth.
This is real, but it may not have been accurate
Video lesson: it's impossible to have a stable orbit if you're between Jupiter and Saturn
There gravity is to strong 4 u
@@yes-if6lb dont mess with the homies
Dont mess with the 2 planets that literally look the same
True. They had a very strong magnetic field that can literally fling a planet off the system whenever a planet made a wrong movement around the sun.
@@somegrunt295 Same with Earth and Mars of Mars was orbiting Earth the moon would get flung
5th Giant suffered a lot, just imagine being in a constant battle between Jupiter's and Saturn's Orbits
It was the worst experience ever
@@ejosjek52.87 you could swallow them too
@@carsoncyrus9786 .no.
@@Dreidelium name for fifth gas giant is saytune
@@sayemahmedj 🧢
Planet Nine was like the kid who kept getting bullied in school by Jupiter and Saturn
Yep
True
And then planet nine commuted suicide, or left the school
@@cooliofan_He left the school
@@cooliofan_He left the school🥲
this was actually kinda sad, seeing the fith giant getting bullied by saturn and jupiter only to then have its orbit around the sun get completely wiped off the solar system into the obyss after its final turn with the sun.
Planets don't have feelings.
@@Wearethevoices planetballs fandom
I know. :( Poor little guy. I feel sorry for it... it's now alone between the stars. It would be in pitch black, no star light on it, so it would be cold, dark and alone. It was part of our solar system and was actively interacting wtih all the planets... and now it's by itself :( makes me sad.
The NICE model showed that if Jupiter had tracked back to 5.0 AU after it came towards Earth, in a slower rate, the gas giant would have stabilised. It didn;t deserve to just get booted like that. What did it ever do? It now is alone, cold and dark. :(
That would literally end us all. It should be gone or else we would be a rogue planet or like mars rn.
That's not the point. The planet got booted from our solar system is now alone. It was part of our history. We are highlighting that if Jupiter went back to 5.0 Au after it came in to the Sun, then the 6th gas giant would have stayed. It just seems sad. @@UTSMeditz
this 5th giant could of destabilize the inner planets orbits luckily it didn't
Yeah, or else there wouldn’t be a video about it rn.
Because earth won’t even be suitable for life.
@@superbc8109 or we will never see those plenets again
I'm thinking planet 5 could of consumed much of the material that would have been part of mars explaining why mars is so small
Jupiter also probably took some of mars mass
@@lancelikessause Mars had already formed by the time Ice Giant 3 was perturbed from it's orbit and ejected. Jupiter formed even closer to the inner Solar System than it is now, so it was the force behind preventing Mars from accreting what is today the Asteroid Belt and ending up as a 2-3 Earth mass planet, which would be unrecognisable from the Mars we know today.
Rocky planets peaceful day
The gas giants:GET OUT OF MY ORBIT
@samirandnasir57 I don't remember commenting this, but this is the least cringiest comment I made 2 years ago
Its not cringe @@Ro8.e its actually funny
@@joanpeyra9092 ok
I just can’t help but feel bad for it. “Guys can you just let me in? I’m getting scared. I’ve tried everything, but it’s not sticking. I don’t want to go rogue. I don’t want to be alone”
Jupiter: “if only I cared”
It probably has a moon to keep company.
@@chemplay866Um, about that.. yeah, Fifth Giant never had any moons. Maybe they picked up one into their orbit whilst drifting through space but idk.
@@Minionbanana27 you can’t make that statement if the fifth giant is only a hypothetical planet
@@thebeautyofuniverse5250agreed, even if someone said it became it’s only little solar system with a whole bunch of moons/ asteroids surrounding it significantly more than Saturn, they wouldn’t really be wrong
🗿
Top ten saddest anime deaths
Killed by: saturn and jupiter
Not a death tho
Ikr
It's still out there messing with Detached objects orbits some 500au away. Or is this one of the other 2 gas giants that got ejected there's more than one.
Real?
Who know orbits were dynamic like that and always changing THAT MUCH? That is so fascinating!
me
@@Stellusbtw hot Jupiters know that all to well
One theory was that Mercury was once the core of an old gas giant that moved from the outer early solar system into where the planet is now. Because something was causing a lot of movement in and around the inner early planets. Since something hit Mars and of course the Moon hit earth (before it was the moon). Then there is Neptune's moon Triton which is meant to be a captured body. Just don't think a gas giant would have been thrown out of the solar system. But who the hell knows. The early solar system was full of chaotic objects.
In its current orbit, there is no way a hot Neptune, let alone hot Jupiter, could have lost all its volatiles at the Solar System's current age. Many hot giants are significantly closer to their stars than Mercury, and have been for billions of years, yet still haven't lost all their volatiles. It is much more plausible that Mercury was simply once a larger object that was struck by another infant planet at speed, causing it to lose it's crust and outer mantle, leaving it at its present mass.
Maybe...
2:01 is when fifth giant starts widening its orbit and is in the process of ejection.
5:05 its weird that the planet will only be around every 1 million years or so
Iirc the majority of objects in our solar system take over a million years to orbit the sun
@@oberonpanopticonno, the majority of the planets don't even take 1 thousand years to orbit the Sun.
@@mreggs3731he said objects
0:56 when the 5th giant starts to penetrate
wdym
Going out the system@@Err0rcube_2
@@Err0rcube_2 0:56 when the 5th giant starts to penetrate Uranus
5th Giant: Hey Saturn, can i-
Saturn: No
Neptune: *backs away*
5th Giant: Hey Ju-
Jupiter: _Get out_
*Proceeds to yeet the 5th giant out of the solar system*
lol
xddd
:(
Dude, the 5th Giant could've just set it's orbit in between Saturn and Uranus. Or even Uranus and Neptune. But since planets doesn't have any brain, all they think was just: "i want to be the first planet to the sun plzzzzzz"
The gas giant hates 5th giant
So,it's technically still orbiting,but it's just so far that takes like 10s of millions of year to complete
In the simulation, it was ejected from the system and won't come back. It no longer orbits the Sun in any capacity.
In real life, this 5th Giant may potentially be Planet Nine, perhaps not and was just ejected. Finding it (or not being able to find it) will answer that question.
No, the simulation thinks it's still orbiting but really it's too fat away to orbit
*far
@@jomardelator5366 he said that💀
I saw this video in RUclips's recomendation. Nice work! It looks like you put really much time to make this. Thanks
This only has 800 views? Brother, I figured this was like one of those OG youtube videos with like 10 million views. Great video and keep making content, there is still a chance this could go viral in a few years...
Edit: The video has like 20x views now, so thats sick :D
No it’s 9414 Now
13,363 views, only been 2 months
15k now
It has 32k views now
@@greensticksays5961 yes
Planet Nine: Hey Guys I’m Going To The Toilet I’ll be back soon!
Hasn’t came back in 4.5 Billion Years
Edit: Tysm for 140 likes
@Parvlox ???
@@lightbringer83_moob83 y do u have a question mark?
sub to me
@@AylaKD it kinda did not sound like a question but ik
@@lightbringer83_moob83 Yes... 🧐
I think Planet 9 may just be this planet that just so happens to still be a little close so we consider it kind of another planet of our system. It's probably the "5th gas giant" here that's still in the process of being ejected from our system.
I was thinking of the same
I even thought I was the only one😂
i did this between saturn and jupiter and somehow it perfectly stabilized between jupiter and mars . mars wasn't very lucky though. everything else was somehow perfectly stable.
0:47
Uranus: Mind if I get closer to the sun?
Neptune: Sure thing.
0:56
Jupiter: Hey, what are you doing in my orbit? Aren't you supposed to be with Saturn?
0:58
Jupiter: Do you wanna be closer to the sun or not? Make up your mind!
1:00
Saturn: Hey, you're back!
1:19
Jupiter: Now what?!
1:23
Mars: Woah! What are you doing here?
1:30
Jupiter: Listen. You can be in my orbit, but you have to leave the other planets alone, okay?
1:49
Mars: Ah crud, here we go again.
Jupiter: Grrrr! Quit messing with Mars and pick a distance already, or else!
2:07
Saturn: Oh hey there. How are you doing? Nice to see you again.
2:11
Uranus: What brings you out here?
2:14
Neptune: I wouldn't do that if I were you. I don't think Jupiter likes it when planets orbit the sun like that.
2:19
Jupiter: That's it, from here on out, I am hereby banishing you from the solar system! Now fling off and don't come back!
5:14
Jupiter: Finally, that nuisance is gone and can never bother us again. You're welcome.
there is 1 impostor among us
*Pluto was not The Impostor.*
*1 Impostor remains.*
Pluto will always be planet 9 in my heart...
And this is a fantastic video.. i love seeing orbital mechanics like this. Its the main reason i play kerbal. Lol
@Shad0w YEP
Yes @Tra-Vis Kaiser
@Shad0w cuz i think its too small tho or they didnt add it so like the dwarf planets will like get hit by the 5th gas giant beofre it yeeted so far, also its just my opinion, i could be right or wrong and u too
@@floridianempireproductions7532 oh well
@Daniel Leca kk
It's crazy how far away a planet can travel while still being in an orbit around one of our planets.
I wonder where it is today
Probably light years away
If it was travelling 0.01 (10^-2) light years a year, and if it was a million years, it’d be 10000 light years away.
Using simple mafs.
In space
@@channelnamev2600 U don't say :O :O :O :) :) :)
the ninth planet, probably
It probably collided with another lost fifth giant and is now its own star that you can see at night :)) jk who knows
Is amazing that fifth gas giant not crashing into Saturn or Jupiter, theia and earth crashing in each other
Out of idle curiosity I would love to know the orbital time frame for the 5th giant
"We also don't talk about what happened to Mercury..." 0:25 my poor son...
5th Giant was that kid getting bullied by the other planets.
(Assumption)
And now its the alone guy with no friends very far from civilization, also known as Planet 9
Or maybe, it's just a planet, you know, an inanimate object.
@@cryoraptora303tm2 yeah cuz objects can't have friends -_- remember this to everyone: object shows are not real life stop thinking everything that is inanimate can have friends, feelings, emotions.
@@samsungtestuserguest4742 Yes, exactly. Planets are inanimate objects and are not 'alive' in the same sense animals are.
5:14 rip
What's crazy is that Jupiter tried to and successfully throw out the fifth giant and Jupiter's orbit is literally unfazed
Plot twist: that was jool from KSP
LOL
Hol' up
Kerbal space program? That's literally so strange I'm just gonna ignore it
I needed this video. I just didn't know about it
It hit me that Thea , the marssized planet that hit premordial Earth migh have been one planets 5 actual moons -if so when we find planet 5 then there also might be a small moon thats the remnants of thea and earth or why not big astroids of both.
Plot twist: planet nine is just the 5th gas giant and in a few hundred years it will re enter the outer solar system and be visible
It is possible that the Elusive "PlanetNine" can be the missing 5th Giant that survived but it end orbiting on the outskirts of Oort cloud
I love that Saturn and the 1st ice giant are just fighting for 7th place
Why does Neptune's orbit suddenly jump outwards when 5th Giant moves into a Jupiter-crossing orbit around 0:56?
Dunno. But i think it's because of the orbital resonance between Jupiter and saturn.
@@LunarTheEclipse yes it is
If it survived it would have been a massive event every time it came close to earth because the orbit is so long
I love how it developed the same shape/orbit of the hypothetical planet nine.
I think it was still there, I am not sure if it have a stable orbit or not but I think it is still in that orbit and undergoing ejection process.
These are what i believe might have happened to the 5th giant:
1: It was in between saturn and jupiter and saturn caught it as a moon and then jupiter had a close encounter with the 5th giant and saturn and ejected it and it either is no longer in the solar system or its orbiting at the very edge of the solar system
2: while settling into orbit it just went really far out into a very far orbit and is just chilling there alone in darkness
3: it was an exoplanet which just got caught by the suns weak gravitational pull somewhere in the kuiper belt or even oort cloud
4: it just got formed very far away from the sun and settled into orbit in there
5:it formed closer to the sun and drifted out there
What I’d like to know is if Uranus is bigger than Neptune then why do they think it migrated in instead of just forming where it is to begin with??
I love how Fifth Giant progressively gets closer to Mars and then gets flung out immediately.
I tried this myself with a planet ten times more massive than the Earth and a density of Jupiter.
Neptune left the Solar system in 2850000 years
Uranus left the Solar system in 3550000 years
5th gas giant left the Solar system in 6400000 years
In the end, Saturn's orbit was further than Uranus's original orbit, and Jupiter's barely changed.
(At the beginning I deleted everything except the Sun and the gas giants, to get faster simulation speeds)
what is the simulator name?
@@dattaravitejag Universe Sandbox²
Would You guys Prefer to Have the 5th Giant or Is Saturn Better
Edit:Wow You're Very Underrated You need more Subs
I wanna have both
@@GWashingtonCarver it's less in mass as its 10.2 earth's and Uranus is 14.5 earth and neptune 17.1 earth
Planet nine soon near your home.
planet nine doesn't exist because someone found a small dwarf planet
and if planet nine exist that small dwarf planet will get ejected
@@excelvalentino6972 not true
it is 1.001 lightyears.
@@jannybeladi8504 it can't be farther away from the oort cloud.
@@WailingFriend the Oort Cloud extents as far as 3 light years
Good thing it was ejected tho, itwas really unstable and could have caused a massive catastrophy in the solar system
5th gas giant was the impostor...
@@KrazyKrab7 lmao
4:16 man.... Can we take and have a close up perspective view of the solar system when the planet is approaching closer to the solar system to see if it's affecting the outer planet's solar system?
It's possible.... That this 5th planet ejected long time ago...
It's also possible that it may change orbit?
5th giant :I am trying to stay alive
Jupiter:I am going to end the planet's whole career
If it is a gas giasnt, its gravity should be quite big. How does only the orbit of the 5 planet change and the others stay unchanged when they interact with each other?
4:45 the orbit is wobbling, loose and weakly bounded
5:19 how does the 5th giant still orbits the sun?
5th giant: causing the dwarf planets but losing size and mass causing planet 9 barely able to orbit the sun.
My bio for it
5th giant : "I disrupt the orbits of some TNO, let u all know I am still in solar system"
Very true
If there was a fifth giant and it did orbit the sun, won’t it eventually come back? You can see in the model that the fifth giant is connected to the solar system, but through the years it have changed its location, but was still orbiting the sun in a very wide oval that is probably 100s of light years away.
If you won’t mind, please answer my questions.
Your best regards
-Loyal Roof
When you have an open cone shaped trail on Universe Sandbox, like the one at the end of the simulation, that means it is no longer orbiting the body that it once was. The Sun's gravity also isn't strong enough to reach even 1 Lightyear, let alone 100s. Unless it is correlated to Planet Nine, then it was ejected from the Solar System, so no, it can't come back. And since this occurred over 4 billion years ago, we would have no idea where to look. Could be a Rogue planet on the other side of the galaxy somewhere, we also would have trouble trying to differentiate it from all of the other Rouge Planets in the Milky Way.
Thank you for your explanation.
In the end, it was sent into a hyperbolic "orbit", which is open-ended, so no.
@@PersonyPerson In otherwords, it's now a hyperbolic "comet".
so you telling me dispite all of this, the rocky planets are chillinh when mars has a tiny yeet from its orbit?
Judging by the trajectory of the path, it will be unrealistically surprising if, for example, in 10 years we see this planet again and again, it will disappear, where it will appear in... 40 million years ago or perhaps never. The planet may have such a strong or weak gravity that it pushes Jupiter and Saturn away from the outer ring (amazingly, these gas planets have such long distances and yet have powerful gravity)
I think the reason is the 5th giant lost its doesnt have a stable orbit?
I think 'yeet' might be a new term for 'gravitationally ejected'
Jst a thought here, but if the orbit changes so much by a single pass then the orbit of the
other planet would have to have changes slightly as well. Maybe it was visualized that way to make it simpler.
Idk just throwing that out there.
5th giant prolly like: I'm on a vacation to the solar system *gets* *captured* also 5th giant: ok time to go back to teratoid system
Also teratoid system is a system I made in us2
run the sim for longer and see if it gets a stable orbit
I like to imagine the fifth giant is still out there, and we recently may have discovered it as the hypothetical Planet 9.
Neptune, Uranus, and 5th giant (which i call Fifio): WE ARE PLANETS FIGHTING FOR CORRECT ORBITS!!!!
Terrestrial planets: hella good
Gas giants: GET THE FUCK OUT OF MY ORBIT
1 Second = 230 Years
6 minutes = 82800 years???
Isn't 10 earth masses light for a gas giant? I understand the lightest gas planet is most likely to be ejected, but if it originated somewhere between Saturn and Neptune, it may have been heavier than Neptune (17 earth masses). By the way, is there a reason why the solar system is more stable with Neptune as outermost planet instead of Uranus?
It is thought that Saturn and Neptune accumulated most of the gaseous planet forming material in their respective zones, leaving much less for the 5th Giant to accrete from. It is a similar effect to what happened to Mars, with Jupiter's gravity preventing planetesimals from the Asteroid Belt accreting to Mars. 10 Earth masses is essentially on the boundary of being classed as a Giant Planet.
According to the Nice Model, Neptune formed closer to the Sun than Uranus had, which explains why it is more massive out of the 2 and then migrated beyond the orbit of Uranus to it's present position at ~30 AU. It is possibly more stable because it is more massive than Uranus, so it would have less of a gravitational tug on Saturn, keeping them away from each other, but I am not certain of that.
@@PersonyPerson It would be cool to test what happens if you start with the planets in their current order to see if they stay that way, or that Uranus then becomes the outermost planet. I can imagine the planet closest to Saturn eventually gets pushed outward when the planets are still relatively close to one another. I don't expect the small difference in mass between Uranus and Neptune to really change the outcome, but who knows.
Holy cats!!Whats the A.U there near the end?!
What was the mass of this 5th gas giant?
It seemed to get bounced around a lot without perturbing the other planets much.
The mass of the 5th Giant used in the simulation was 10 Earth masses, so it is the least massive of the bunch, therefore it is expected to be the one to migrate the most. I'll put this in the description.
When I first saw the video, I already knew it was from Universe Sandbox.
So at the 4 min mark what would the AU’s be for the 5th giant???
Around 1000 AU
I didnt even know something like that could happen and I've never heard of a planet being ejected
Nice model
How far away was the 5th giant's Aphelion in that final orbit?
~500 AU just before ejection.
@@PersonyPerson hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm, interesting considering the ninth planet is considered to be around that distance iirc
@chironthefoof2920 So Fifth Giant Might actually *BE* The Ninth Planet😉
Careless, careless, careless. If you can't be trusted to keep track of a gas giant then you can forget that fancy space station that you saw on TV.
Now clean up this solar system & brush your teeth.
The fact that neptune was also drifting away
5th Giant interrupts saturn now he interrupts jupiter 💀
imagine interrupting jupiter💀💀
What is the 5th giant and where did it go?
I ran a sim of 6 gas giants 4 ice giants 2 gas giants and jupiter got ejected instead of 6th hiant
The 5th giant maybe planet 9 but if the rumor off planet 9 being a Black hole is true its gonna BE highly unlikely (i meant impossible) but if planet 9 is not a Black Hole it might be the 5th giant just thinnk ABOUT it.
Fun fact: If this video was accurate with the bottom right text then this video took about 7,173,792,000 years to do
Why are the colors so similar it's hard to see which is which
the whole video in years is 83030 so the planet just gone away in that year.
tell me if its wrong! i just used calculator
What is the mass of the 5th planet you simulate? Compare with that of Jupiter and Saturn.
The mass of the 5th Giant in the simulation is 10 Earth masses. Compared to Saturn at 95 and Jupiter at 318 Earth masses respectively.
@@PersonyPerson That would have made it the smallest of the 5 giants, correct?
@@ramblinman4197 Yes. Uranus is 14.5 Earth masses and Neptune is 17.
What happened to mercury
I know. :( Poor little guy. I feel sorry for it... it's now alone between the stars. It would be in pitch black, no star light on it, so it would be cold, dark and alone. It was part of our solar system and was actively interacting wtih all the planets... and now it's by itself :( makes me sad.
It’s hypothetical that we used to have 5 gas giants
Uranus is in front of Neptune
Also how did it go so far away?
I call the 5th ice gas giant "Neptarus 95, The Long Lost Ice Giant"
According to the Nice Model, Uranus was thought to have formed further out than Neptune did, which accounts for why Uranus is less massive, so I included this in the simulation.
@@PersonyPerson oh now i remember
@@PersonyPerson TY for the pointment
Where do I can install that game cause I love space stuff
You can buy Universe Sandbox directly from their website or on Steam, GOG and a couple of other vendors.
universesandbox.com/buy/
Music name? Its beautiful
Thanks alot jupiter
Moral the story: dont piss off the other gas giants.
This is a spoiler for the Planet X arc.
@@ChikyuuKun spoiler for the flashback 😭
Honestly it’s Veyr cool to ahve a 5th gas giant
So the fifth giant was like Mars in that it, too, was a rouge planet? xD (The word you were looking for is "rogue") ^^
I wonder where that planet is now, and if it ever fell into a stable orbit around some other star...
what kind of planet would orbit the sun every 500 mil years?
Rip sedna, poor planetoid was traumatized
That was the surprising magnetic field of our sun
The magnetic field of the Sun has nothing to do with gravity?
the sun had nothing to do with the planet's ejection, it was jupiter and saturn's magnetic field
Well if there is a Possible Planet Nine, Is planet Nine the 5th Giant?
Exactly what I was thinking, but how would it’s orbit stabilise if it was so eccentric