Admiralty Tavern at 840. Many a time in there during the 80s. I did shore patrol with the yanks in Venice in 1985. They had guns and big batons. We relied on our wits.
My cousins husband in the US said they visited Portsmouth when he was in the US navy back in 80's.. He said they were told not to go ashore in uniform, don't visit local bars as they would get into fights with RN sailors..and lose! He went ashore in civvies and said in a bar RN sailors discovered they were US sailors. He said we never bought another drink that night, they went on a pub crawl with Royal Navy lads.
As an ex-RMP, I recall HMS Hermes coming into Hamburg in 82, after the Falklands War. Down the docks was an Argie merchant ship. So two of us and the German Police waited for drama. Later called to a bar and the loud, unruly behaviour was our lads and the Argies having a good old session, settling their diffdrence peacefully.
When I was a Writer in the RN onboard HMS Danae (a Leander class frigate) I remember doing a few shore patrols in Plymouth, wearing my Naval Patrol arm band which would act as my shield of invincibility and my whistle for communications... Leading Rates Leadership Course at HMS Royal Arthur I remember it well, memories are made of this...thanks regards Lexi
Have you ever watched Warship? That was set on a Leander Class Frigate, with fictional storylines yet excellent drama and the ships looked amazing. It ran from 1973 to 1977! All episodes are on You Tube.
My father is the leading regulator on this film. I have watched this since I was a child, thank you for uploading it. If anyone served with my dad then please leave a reply.
I was a Leading Regulator serving at RNPHQ Portsmouth when this movie was made. I knew your father, he was a good man and good Regulator. I also recognise almost all the other Regulators in this short film.
I was in a Shore Patrol that had to be organised to go out and find the original Shore Patrol which ended up in a bar all rotten drunk.......RAN.... Manila 1970...
Fore sone reason i watch a lot of old military educational videos. This one is clearly much above the normal in terms of alting, dialog and filming. Great production values too.
Brings back fond memories of working with the Regulating Staff from HMS Tamar in Hong Kong. I was a Military Policeman and we often did joint patrols with RN Regulators. The Wanchai district was our main source of problems.
No, He was in the Royal Navy PRIOR to joining the London Fire Brigade, becoming a Sub Officer & THEN going to Blackwall Fire Station B/W.....!!! hahahaha
My Uncle was Navy WW2. He was in Malta when the French Navy surrendered. French Sailors rioted in the Gut. My Uncle got put on shore patrol to help break the riot. The Royal Marine Officer in charge told my Uncle to wrap his belt round his hand with the brass plate facing out from his knuckles and hit anything causing trouble.
I was down at Portland for most of the nineties and we had to sometimes "help out" the Reggies on Provost duty. It was no bloody fun sitting in the back of a Pusser's Tilly watching your drunk mates out having fun! Also not fun when you had to help out arresting your oppos, but they didn't hold it against you. I remember once we arrested a guy from one of the ships rather than the shorebase and he was a complete twat, so he got back to cells and got properly filled in. You'd never get away with that shit nowadays.
That was excellent, I enjoyed every moment of this! I wished I had joined the Navy, I came very close, but when you're young & you're asked to wait six months it can feel like a lifetime. I have always regretted not going back to the recruitment office! Great to see so much of Poormouths, but sad to see Hong Kong, as we should never have allowed China to get control. They have zero respect for democracy & human rights.
It can feel like a life-time. So you get other work and find your company owner has the surname of the captain of the Amethyst killed on her Chinese run. I visited a sea-side town and while walking about felt a military sensation on my right side, so I looked to my right and saw a shop or two a few hundred yards away, so I turned right and went there, and one was an antique shop with three old RN swords in the window, one of which I purchased. However, my radar worked best as detecting the Prem Rawat community in my local town, before the video era and email. The peace education programme is now available in 80 countries, a real gem - a cutting edge!
Quite agree with you on both counts although in my case I was happy to wait as I was already in a job and happy to see my time out as I was being paid. Re HK completely agree with the tragedy that it's become but unfortunately the lease was up and there was little else could be done other than seek the best guarantees we could.
I was up at the regs lounge at Nelson in 1986, doing number 9s, for being a hobby sprog. To be fair most were ok but there was a couple of real knobheads. I loved nelson and was there for 7 months after being taken off hms intrepid with a broken wrist. Sunday night bops. Ahh, the good old days. Ended up the masters runner. No duties, every weekend off, easy days but the only setback was paying for food and accommodation and that was about £140 per month back in 1986. That's dearer than it is now. Anyway I regreted leaving within about 3 months.
I was in Mombasa in the 70’s. I spent many enjoyable evenings with visiting matelot’s sampling the local brews! One evening a fight broke out between Matelots, French and American sailors. The American shore patrol was the first to turn up. All of this shore patrol were huge black fella’s armed with big white painted truncheons about 3ft long! There were many split heads and claret was everywhere!
33:26 😂Coast Guard SP in Sand Dog... San Diego.... Marine's got along with us, They knew we were SCRAPPER'S. It was the Navy Squids we often bumped heads with!😂 They all swore they were SEAL's!😂 UDT... I'd say... "So you're a SEAL??? Can you balance a ball on your nose if I offer you some raw fish as a reward?😂😂😂😂 We used restraints and a billy club if needed.
My 21st birthday I was in the Navy. Ship haj got into Hong Kong. Guess who got picked for shore patrol along with member of the crew. We were gutted. However, we were told we would have time. We were put with 2 chinese/ Hong Kong Red Caps. It was brilliant - all over city. Mainly to spot any of our lads in trouble or going into dodgy tattoo shops - getting hepatitis etc. Even managed to prank a waitress in a bar. She was daughter of one my mates. She hadn't spoken or contacted her mum for ages. I given daughters details. Marched into the pub - and demaded to see this girl. She looked horrified. I then read out the charges made by her mum. The look on face was a picture when realised 5his was prank.
Got "volunteered" to do NP duties whilst docked in Cartegena Columbia during WIGS early 90's with the Columbian Navy who were armed with H&k MP5s . Seen some scary stuff that night & we were certain that the OIC of the Columbian navy was on the take from the bar & brothel owners. Life in a blue suit I suppose.
Definitely it was, I used to frequent The Pembroke in Old Portsmouth in the late '80s. His wife was an ex police woman and son a naval cook who served in the Falklands conflict.
Lovely brief but not how I remember it. City A patrol in Guzz was a lesson in learning on the job as a pissed Bootneck was trying to to fill you in 😳😂😂
I loved doing city A in Guzz, learned a lot and made some great oppos. In fact I enjoyed doing it so much that I requested that I be put forward every time the ship was required to provide a number for shore patrol and so it came to pass! Saw some sights and no error! Happy days! 🇬🇧⚓️
I remember my first lesson on the militairy police. The first thing they tought us is that they arent there to make it difficult for us, but to keep us out of greater trouble.
Anyone else think that Regies were the lowest of the low branches in the navy, most of them had failed in their source trade and became regies as a ladt resort, that is why most of they had massive chips on their shoulders.
It was said that the RN had to raise the Regulating branch when it became evident that it was impossible to train Alsations to type daily orders.... 🇬🇧⚓️
SP : Did it once whilst awaiting draft at 'Drake , uneventful . Only did those steps up to the Provost Marshal's accommodation once , ' trooped for leaving my locker open on OOD rounds ..Weighed off with 3 days '9s ..DO said couldn't do pun as p7RD , so they gave me 4 days 10's ...!
Good film, that. The bit about no jurisdiction over civvies is right. Service Police, Army, Navy and RAF, are not recognised by the Home Office as actual Police Officers. Part time, Special Constables have more Police powers.
regulatory police are like regimental police in the army the army ones get one stripe and two words R.P on a brassard all of a sudden they think there god.
That’s the Geordie from Galatea 67 commission. Bumped into him outside the Traff club in the middle of a melee with a bunch of Canuck matelots when he was just a patrolman…he whispered in my ear…” f*** off before my mate lifts you”.
@@teecee1567 only a guess but maybe "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion" (some one tried it on with Caesar's wife, there was a court case with no guilt but he divored her anyway because he couldn't have a wife there was any suspicion about). Basically those in positions of authority must appear to be innocent of all faults.
Only time indoors would be Capt. Table, otherwise negative. This clip could be mid '80s when USS Nimitz came to Pompey, and had to anchor off in Solent. I was killick scribes in Nelson at that time and met several Yanks ashore. Lots of crimes on their ship apparently - lower deck was dry but drugs were a problem. Left mob in 87 after 14 yrs. Good to hear from you shipmate! Frank.
@@geoffreyhattersley9186I remember being fell in onboard a ship on the flight deck port side facing inwards another rank opposite facing us, we were ordered "turning forrard dismissed" so I turned left.
And nick Georgiadis was angry and warned me told that if I bring my girlfriend Lauren into a Blackwall fire station again I’ll get suspended from my job as a firefighter.
Admiralty Tavern at 840. Many a time in there during the 80s.
I did shore patrol with the yanks in Venice in 1985. They had guns and big batons. We relied on our wits.
My cousins husband in the US said they visited Portsmouth when he was in the US navy back in 80's.. He said they were told not to go ashore in uniform, don't visit local bars as they would get into fights with RN sailors..and lose! He went ashore in civvies and said in a bar RN sailors discovered they were US sailors. He said we never bought another drink that night, they went on a pub crawl with Royal Navy lads.
An old English tradition; go drinking with someone you think highly of, and do your best to give 'em an excellent night they can't remember... 🙂
@flybobbie1449 Yeah we love our yank buddies! Great bunch.
As an ex-RMP, I recall HMS Hermes coming into Hamburg in 82, after the Falklands War. Down the docks was an Argie merchant ship. So two of us and the German Police waited for drama. Later called to a bar and the loud, unruly behaviour was our lads and the Argies having a good old session, settling their diffdrence peacefully.
When I was a Writer in the RN onboard HMS Danae (a Leander class frigate) I remember doing a few shore patrols in Plymouth, wearing my Naval Patrol arm band which would act as my shield of invincibility and my whistle for communications... Leading Rates Leadership Course at HMS Royal Arthur I remember it well, memories are made of this...thanks regards Lexi
Glad you enjoyed it Lexi, Love a Leander too!
Have you ever watched Warship? That was set on a Leander Class Frigate, with fictional storylines yet excellent drama and the ships looked amazing. It ran from 1973 to 1977! All episodes are on You Tube.
@@garyhills2336 You anchor-faced b*****d! lol
I lived in HK from 60-82 and seeing the film brought back many memories, thanks.
Not in the barracks up Nathan road by chance?
I lived in Montecello in the early 70s, my pops was the MAA.
My father is the leading regulator on this film. I have watched this since I was a child, thank you for uploading it. If anyone served with my dad then please leave a reply.
I was a Leading Regulator serving at RNPHQ Portsmouth when this movie was made. I knew your father, he was a good man and good Regulator. I also recognise almost all the other Regulators in this short film.
@@metalikmike1 I will let my father know that you commented on this later on this evening, as I am sure he will appreciate that.
I was in a Shore Patrol that had to be organised to go out and find the original Shore Patrol which ended up in a bar all rotten drunk.......RAN.... Manila 1970...
Fore sone reason i watch a lot of old military educational videos. This one is clearly much above the normal in terms of alting, dialog and filming. Great production values too.
Bloody hell this looks so innocent. The bit about Wrens in handcuffs though. Such happy memories.
Brings back fond memories of working with the Regulating Staff from HMS Tamar in Hong Kong. I was a Military Policeman and we often did joint patrols with RN Regulators. The Wanchai district was our main source of problems.
It still would be, I suspect...
tosser
@@caseyjonessnr1200 Lockhart Road, Luard Road...the civilian cops have not improved since they dropped the "Royal"...
He's not a navy cook , poison Pearce Blue watch.
No, He was in the Royal Navy PRIOR to joining the London Fire Brigade, becoming a Sub Officer & THEN going to Blackwall Fire Station B/W.....!!! hahahaha
@@RCWB74then he joined Northamptonshire Police 😂
@@markadams738Do you think he became embittered because of this patrol, cos he just wanted to perfect his chips?
@@acme181169😂
So I take he wasn't much appreciated.
If you were duty watch on Forth in Singers in the 60,s a visit to the ladies of the night was always interesting.
@@teecee1567 For definite yes, An exploration in the back seat of a taxi proved the sex of your pleasurable nights fun
Miss seeing the Shore Patrol lurking around the streets of Pompey.
Great video, thanks for sharing.
Our pleasure!
I imagine one additional RN regulator should have been sufficient to handle a US carrier group.
My Uncle was Navy WW2. He was in Malta when the French Navy surrendered. French Sailors rioted in the Gut. My Uncle got put on shore patrol to help break the riot. The Royal Marine Officer in charge told my Uncle to wrap his belt round his hand with the brass plate facing out from his knuckles and hit anything causing trouble.
@MrToast-hj6kp sensible policies for a happier armed forces!
I remember seeing them at work in Weymouth during the 70s and 80s at weekends, my recollection was that they were ROBUST, ha ha....
I was down at Portland for most of the nineties and we had to sometimes "help out" the Reggies on Provost duty. It was no bloody fun sitting in the back of a Pusser's Tilly watching your drunk mates out having fun!
Also not fun when you had to help out arresting your oppos, but they didn't hold it against you.
I remember once we arrested a guy from one of the ships rather than the shorebase and he was a complete twat, so he got back to cells and got properly filled in. You'd never get away with that shit nowadays.
Weymouth. My home. 77-81.
apparently at 1:32 both the guy's eyebrows got paid for appearing
That was excellent, I enjoyed every moment of this!
I wished I had joined the Navy, I came very close, but when you're young & you're asked to wait six months it can feel like a lifetime. I have always regretted not going back to the recruitment office!
Great to see so much of Poormouths, but sad to see Hong Kong, as we should never have allowed China to get control. They have zero respect for democracy & human rights.
It can feel like a life-time. So you get other work and find your company owner has the surname of the captain of the Amethyst killed on her Chinese run.
I visited a sea-side town and while walking about felt a military sensation on my right side, so I looked to my right and saw a shop or two a few hundred yards away, so I turned right and went there, and one was an antique shop with three old RN swords in the window, one of which I purchased. However, my radar worked best as detecting the Prem Rawat community in my local town, before the video era and email. The peace education programme is now available in 80 countries, a real gem - a cutting edge!
Quite agree with you on both counts although in my case I was happy to wait as I was already in a job and happy to see my time out as I was being paid. Re HK completely agree with the tragedy that it's become but unfortunately the lease was up and there was little else could be done other than seek the best guarantees we could.
Fish n Chips. 55p!
Imagine That now 🤣🤣🤣🤣
Regulators !! Love the catch the drunken stoker competition.
I was up at the regs lounge at Nelson in 1986, doing number 9s, for being a hobby sprog. To be fair most were ok but there was a couple of real knobheads. I loved nelson and was there for 7 months after being taken off hms intrepid with a broken wrist. Sunday night bops. Ahh, the good old days. Ended up the masters runner. No duties, every weekend off, easy days but the only setback was paying for food and accommodation and that was about £140 per month back in 1986. That's dearer than it is now. Anyway I regreted leaving within about 3 months.
I love the Sherpa van 😂😂
Good to see the old HMS Tamar block during my visit back in the 80's working with the Gurkhas
HMS Nelson place finished my time with Gray funnel line back in1988
Same here. August the 8th 88. I was based in Nelson in 1980.
Back when we had so many sailors
and a Country!
I was in Mombasa in the 70’s. I spent many enjoyable evenings with visiting matelot’s sampling the local brews! One evening a fight broke out between Matelots, French and American sailors. The American shore patrol was the first to turn up. All of this shore patrol were huge black fella’s armed with big white painted truncheons about 3ft long! There were many split heads and claret was everywhere!
33:26 😂Coast Guard SP in Sand Dog... San Diego.... Marine's got along with us, They knew we were SCRAPPER'S.
It was the Navy Squids we often bumped heads with!😂
They all swore they were SEAL's!😂 UDT... I'd say... "So you're a SEAL??? Can you balance a ball on your nose if I offer you some raw fish as a reward?😂😂😂😂
We used restraints and a billy club if needed.
That’s Michael Garner who was in Londons Burning 🔥 🇬🇧🇬🇧👍👍
My 21st birthday I was in the Navy. Ship haj got into Hong Kong. Guess who got picked for shore patrol along with member of the crew.
We were gutted. However, we were told we would have time. We were put with 2 chinese/ Hong Kong Red Caps.
It was brilliant - all over city.
Mainly to spot any of our lads in trouble or going into dodgy tattoo shops - getting hepatitis etc.
Even managed to prank a waitress in a bar. She was daughter of one my mates. She hadn't spoken or contacted her mum for ages.
I given daughters details.
Marched into the pub - and demaded to see this girl.
She looked horrified. I then read out the charges made by her mum.
The look on face was a picture when realised 5his was prank.
The POME at 20:00 has an MEM1 badge on his right arm..oops!
Got "volunteered" to do NP duties whilst docked in Cartegena Columbia during WIGS early 90's with the Columbian Navy who were armed with H&k MP5s . Seen some scary stuff that night & we were certain that the OIC of the Columbian navy was on the take from the bar & brothel owners. Life in a blue suit I suppose.
Haha Whore Leave you mean
Regulating Branch most hated Branch in the Navy
Just Like the RMP's or Monkeys as we call them
Haters gotta hate!
hated more than tiffys
Hating the NP is not taking responsibility for one’s own actions and decisions.
@@camf7522 I agree … we still hated them because they found us out 😀😀
They are called Royal Navy Police now.
They are called more than that!
Strewth, that's Pete Robertson, former Fleet Joss and landlord of the Pembrke Arms!
Definitely it was, I used to frequent The Pembroke in Old Portsmouth in the late '80s. His wife was an ex police woman and son a naval cook who served in the Falklands conflict.
D88 will always be HMS Glasgow to me
Lovely brief but not how I remember it. City A patrol in Guzz was a lesson in learning on the job as a pissed Bootneck was trying to to fill you in 😳😂😂
I loved doing city A in Guzz, learned a lot and made some great oppos. In fact I enjoyed doing it so much that I requested that I be put forward every time the ship was required to provide a number for shore patrol and so it came to pass! Saw some sights and no error! Happy days! 🇬🇧⚓️
between when they are walking down the street and the RTA the crown on the leading regulator's sleeve moves!
My Dad was a Leading Regulator at HMS Drake .
Silent disco at 27:50+ - wonderful
No sound boogie!
😂
That was enjoyable, thanks for uploading. Was it made as a naval information film i.e. to encourage those doing Shore Patrol duties of its benefits?
I remember my first lesson on the militairy police.
The first thing they tought us is that they arent there to make it difficult for us, but to keep us out of greater trouble.
Them vans turn over lovely....4 bootneck lift...piece of p...
hahahah
Wylie had it on his toes after shortchanging the lady of the night..that chap chasing him had a good knife throw!
Great memories
Got no mates, gash in your branch, then join the reggies
Crushers used to love us submariners in Devonport and faslane
Bloke off londons burning ?
yeah that's michael garner poison pearce
As well as The Bill, Holby city, Minder and a few others.
Anyone else think that Regies were the lowest of the low branches in the navy, most of them had failed in their source trade and became regies as a ladt resort, that is why most of they had massive chips on their shoulders.
Thick as whale omelette most of 'em........ only met a couple of decent ones in 10 years service!
That Leading Chef looks familiar to me
"Sorry I'm a bit late for the Muster Master, I was stuck down Southsea Seafront in that ol' Tranny" says nobody nowadays ...
The directors cut has an extra 15 minutes all about the gonorrhoea doctor on board, treating everybody who comes back off shore leave
It was said that the RN had to raise the Regulating branch when it became evident that it was impossible to train Alsations to type daily orders.... 🇬🇧⚓️
Remember when the Shepa vans were upgraded with blue lights in 1988. Never seen so many quick responses to Dunfermline from Cochrane. 🚨
Happy days Shippers!
Next stop..londons burning!! Matelots get everywhere!!
I’d say the Bill 😁
I thought I recognised him - that's where I know him from. Obviously actors, as I have never known a killick call their PO 'PO'.
@@crisofer954 and not the best actors
@@davidharris4062 No. I wonder if some of the others are real mateloes. The drunk PO stoker was my favorite.
My dad was a joss in the 90s
Mine in the 70's
SP : Did it once whilst awaiting draft at 'Drake , uneventful . Only did those steps up to the Provost Marshal's accommodation once , ' trooped for leaving my locker open on OOD rounds ..Weighed off with 3 days '9s ..DO said couldn't do pun as p7RD , so they gave me 4 days 10's ...!
That navy cook later joined the london fire brigade and had the nickname Poison lol
That bleedin Wiley’s a proper wrong-un and no mistake
Cookies like an older “Ron Weasley”
The digs have not changed 1 bit to this day
Had many a scrap with the navy provost lads in Southsea, just outside Joanne s n8ght club 😂😂
Bloody Hell Joanne's.
You have to keep moving in Johannes for fear of sticking to the carpet
@16:20 That officer can't salute can he? Is he an actor?
corrr the Regs would nick their own mother , thats if they knew them
What about the Royal Naval Detention Centre at Haslar?
😄 the power of the NP armband for self defense
Isnt that the guy from londons burning? Peirce
Leading Cook Fenner went on to serve in London Fire Brigade at Dockhead Fire Station under an alias..
Wot no Joanna's punch up?
😂
My old ship! What year was this?
1983 👍
@@Hants_Prints Thanks, I left before then (ptsd after going down south)
10-4 on the radio? We are not Yanks. I wonder how many brass watched this before it was released?
Reminds me of our REME LAD speaking in CB slang
@@tallmale188 😁
The Crushers
I thought that was Poison in the thumbnail 😂
When I was on our way on a shout of fire and my girlfriend Lauren she dances on a firefighter’s pole and Maggie warboice she got shocked.
I,m sure I,ve seen him on an episode of the Bill…
Good film, that. The bit about no jurisdiction over civvies is right. Service Police, Army, Navy and RAF, are not recognised by the Home Office as actual Police Officers. Part time, Special Constables have more Police powers.
Done that more than a few times, mainly in Gib early 70's.
Poison pearce
Yep, the actor is Michael Garner not Ricky Groves.
100%, changed that now :)
And he shirt grabbed me back
regulatory police are like regimental police in the army the army ones get one stripe and two words R.P on a brassard all of a sudden they think there god.
The Master sounds like David Dickinson, what a Bobby dazzler.
That’s the Geordie from Galatea 67 commission. Bumped into him outside the Traff club in the middle of a melee with a bunch of Canuck matelots when he was just a patrolman…he whispered in my ear…” f*** off before my mate lifts you”.
Your time has come, son. Become a Crusher.
Asking for it this cook his cooking is bad on the ship and then he’s going to be a Provost a very popular man I think not
I remember the shore patrol, Union Street plymouth in the 1980s. Built like Brick shit houses
Never heard of "Caesars wife"...whassat?
@@teecee1567 only a guess but maybe "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion" (some one tried it on with Caesar's wife, there was a court case with no guilt but he divored her anyway because he couldn't have a wife there was any suspicion about). Basically those in positions of authority must appear to be innocent of all faults.
@@seanmorris Ahhhhhhhhhhhhh......yeah, that makes sense. Ty!
@@teecee1567 "Beyond reproach "
Glasgow had a Argentine bomb go straight through her. During the Falkland conflict
As an ex Killick from that era - who the hell wears a cap and salutes indoors in those circumstances? Frank in Bristol.
Agreed frank, absolute shower!
Only time indoors would be Capt. Table, otherwise negative. This clip could be mid '80s when USS Nimitz came to Pompey, and had to anchor off in Solent. I was killick scribes in Nelson at that time and met several Yanks ashore. Lots of crimes on their ship apparently - lower deck was dry but drugs were a problem. Left mob in 87 after 14 yrs. Good to hear from you shipmate! Frank.
Is this real?
It's the chap from London burning
Branch failures all round!
A “back-up”. Doesn’t that mean “Scapegoat “
You always turn right to dismiss. What a load of bollox
That is generally, unless commanded to dismiss turning left or turning forward its all part of naval drill.
@@camf7522 Never in all my years in the mob, did I turn left to dissmiss
@@geoffreyhattersley9186I remember being fell in onboard a ship on the flight deck port side facing inwards another rank opposite facing us, we were ordered "turning forrard dismissed" so I turned left.
Unless you were on the upper deck of a ship or submarine always turned forward to dismiss regardless of which way you were facing
Union Street & the Navy Provost 🤣
Don’t see meat wagons any more
And he still hasn’t moved those bleedin badges!
Bearing and dress are of the utmost importance at all times - everyone of them, especially the officers, needs a haircut
They all actors.
No, the leading reg isn't, someone commented that they served with him
I call him poison Pearce
And nick Georgiadis was angry and warned me told that if I bring my girlfriend Lauren into a Blackwall fire station again I’ll get suspended from my job as a firefighter.