Why the Dutch Language is a pain in my A$$
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- Опубликовано: 6 дек 2020
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🌿Table of Contents🌿
0:00
1:01 - Let's tell the time
2:55 - de, het and all of things articles
5:30 - t, d, dt, de, te
10:17 - How long can we make it?
11:45 - Wait, which one do you mean?
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Mag ik jouw kussen?: ‘Can I have your pillow?’
Mag ik jou kussen?: ‘Can I kiss you?’
Wat 1 letter kan doen..... Nou ja, mijn Franse leraar had het ooit over dat je in een restaurant in Frankrijk duidelijk om POISSON moet vragen en niet om POISON, anders krijg je geen vis maar vergif. Ook weer 1 letter verschil. Nederlands is dus niet uniek.
Poisson en poison spreek je alleen anders uit. Die 2 Nederlandse zinnen klinken hetzelfde.
@@BobWitlox Niet helemaal waar, daar je de "w" wel degelijk uit hoort te spreken, maar omdat we een beetje lui zijn of gewoon te snel spreken valt hij soms een beetje weg, en hij is ook moeilijk te horen als mensen het wel goed zeggen. Officieel is de "w" niet stil. In de praktijk komt het wel zo over.
kissing and pillow are sementically close Germans do it too
"Jouw" is addressing something the person you're talking to has.
"Jou" is addressing the person you're talking to.
I hope this clears it up.
"If one of you guys know the rule, let me know in the comments."
Bold of you to assume the Dutch language HAS rules.
woordenlijst.org/leidraad
They're more like... guidelines 😉.
Oh they are there but they just only work for 75% of the time
Exceptions make the rules
@@mrjules1982 totally a pirate code.
Yep, these are the hard things in Dutch. As a native I even struggle with these too. I often have to stop writing in the middle of a sentence to check if I am doing it right.
🤯really? but WHY ?
Same
Noob
But it doesn’t have to be that way tho - grammar rules and words can be changed to make the language easier to speak etc and to improve it... I like the articles de and het... But I don’t like the idea of putting the verbs at the end (in longer sentences) and, time should be added before the pronoun or at the end of the sentence, and more commas should be used to make it easier to read the sentences, and some of the pronouns should be changed...
When it comes to pronunciation, they should no longer use the hard G because it sounds bad as the sound of clearing one’s throat - the ultra soft G should be used instead, where the G is pronounced like a normal G close to an H or like an H or like combination of G + H, and I noticed that a lot of them are using a soft G, esp the younger people...
The logically correct pronouns would (and should) be...
Ik ^ mij / me ^ mijn
jij ^ jou / je ^ jouw
hij ^ hem / he ^ hijn
sij ^ har / se ^ sijn
Et ^ em ^ eijn
Xej ^ Xie / Xe ^ Xijn (for feminine flowers / plants / fruits etc and for me)
U ^ Uj ^ Uw (can only be used when talking with me)
Nej ^ Nar / Ne ^ Nijn (for me / flowers)
Gij ^ Hon / Ge / Hun ^ Gijn (for my pure protectors aka the alphas and for trees and other masculine plants / elements of nature and for me as The God / my masculine personalities)
Qij / Qe ^ Kyr / Ke ^ Qwijn (for / about me)
wij / we ^ ons ^ onze (not sure about this one)
jijllie ^ jijlle ^ jouws
dij / de ^ dem ^ deijn (for m - moving objects aka humn / non-humn animIs)
zij / ze ^ zem ^ zeijn (for non-m - moving objects aka humn / non-humn animIs)
tij / te ^ tem ^ teijn (for both m and non-m - moving objects)
Nij / ne ^ nem ^ neijn (for neutral non-moving objects / elements / beings / nature and for both feminine and masculine plants / trees / flowers and for me)
Vij / ve ^ vem ^ veijn (for trees / masculine plants / my protectors / me)
Xij / xe ^ xem ^ xeijn (for me and for flowers / plants / fruits who are also feminine like me)
(Some of these could be better, I might come up with better ideas for the ones that don’t sound right...)
You should read e-mails/letters between native Dutch speakers: the amount of -dt, -tte, -dde, -d mistakes you find is enormous. While it's actually not difficult.
It really isn't difficult. And don't get me started on social media. That's just an excuse to make stupid 'mistakes' on purpose. And still people expect to be taken seriously in a discussion when they don't even bother to check their spelling.
Maybe it isn’t difficult to you, but not every human being is as skilled as the other. Not everyone is able to pick up the spellingrules.
@@dickyyaa959 although in this case it really just isn't.
Tte or te. Dde or de is just stupid. But d or dt is like your and you’re in English.
The more trivial the challenge the more mistakes there will be. And those mistakes actually predate the internet, so why is social media brought up?
Fun fact: A fair number of Dutch natives can not conjugate verbs properly.
It's not limited to just verbs, either
Er zijn idd veel te veel mensen die veel te veel fouten maken. (Dialectiek uiteraard niet meegerekend, dat zou niet eerlijk zijn)
Ja echt he
I was born in the Netherlands and did not learn how to write until I was 15 or 16. Still bloody well confused about everything in writing.
Yeah they switch up a d with a t a lot and the other way around, since we pronounce them the same. Immigrants often do it better, because they just learn the rules.
Just of think of it as “half a mile” - you are half way to 3 o clock: so “half 3”
That's not helpful at all though, because you wouldn't say anything like: "It's half a mile less than 4 from here." Instead you would just say: "It's 3 and a half miles from here."
That helps! Half way til 3. Thanks
@@sarahalicewyndham1288 Halfway til 3 miles is 1.5 miles though. So no, that doesn't help.
I'd interpret it as 'half (an hour to) three' which would be quite similar to 'quarter to three', imho. It's just that we abbreviated it and omitted the "an hour to" part, which isn't confusing in Dutch, since we never use the 'half past' construction.
if you don't understand Dutch, don't start to fully understand. your American English is also sometimes irritating ....... or annoying, but that has more to do with the pronunciation, than with the vocabulary, and conjugations Australians even worse
I think of "half 3" as being "halfway to 3 o'clock", so in that sense it's logical it's half past 2.
I understand it kind of the same, "3 minus a half", but "half 3" would logicaly mean 1.5, which is kind of confusing.
The way the dutch language expresses numbers confuses me as well, saying units before dozens is weird, and even more so when you have longer numbers like "drie onderd en fijv en seztig". (and I can't imagine the hurdle pronuncing a number in the hundreds of thousands).
3 o'clock is fully 3. 2:30 halfway from 2 to 3. So it's "half". I think that's the origin of the Dutch "half".
As a native Dutch speaker, some numbers confuse me too. But only combinations of 7, 8 and 9, somehow. So for instance 78 or 89. I have to think for a moment, or when someone says the number and I have to write them down, I have to think. For the others I instinctively have a feeling for the number, such as 65 or 38. No thinking required. I just know them.
romeinse cijfers bro ez pz IV is toch ook 4
Driemiljoenvijfhonderddrieentachtigduizendtweehonderdnegenendertig is 3583239
if you think about it it actually makes sense. take centuries. the year 134 starts with a 1, which could cause the confusing of it being first century, but if you start at 0, 0-100 is first century and 100-200 is second. its the same for time. 0:00-1:00 is the first hour, so naturally 0:30 would be half one-halfway the first hour. and halfway the second hour -half 2- is 1:30. also a shorter trick is to remember that quaters can be quater to six or quater past six, and just like those use the other one than you are used to, so half to six instead of half past five.
Ik heb een hoop: ‘I have got a lot’
Ik heb hoop: ‘I am hopefull’
Daar ligt een hoop: ‘There lays a pile’
This one is hard when you learn English: remembering when to use single or double L. In this case it's "hopeful" (= hoopvol, alleen de engelse suffix "-ful" betekent niet "vol" volgens mij)
@@ivodekler7786nouja in het geval van "hopeful" is het wel "hoopvol", maar normaal gesproken zou ik het ook eerder met met -lijk of -baar associeren inderdaad, maar als je gaat kijken op hoe je het hier zou zeggen, is het all over the place
wonderful -> wonderbaar.
hateful/-> zou ik als haatvol vertalen
resentful -> haatdragend/rancuneus?
playful -> speels (WTF is going on here?)
geen touw aan vast te knopen eigenlijk :')
Not about Dutch vs English, but nevertheless always funny to remember “Attention, n’escalier pas dans cette espoire, car elle est encore semaine” 😂
@@ivodekler7786 It does if you consider "hopeful" to mean "full of hope".
With the using of "koftschip" in the past tence it's important you pick the right stem. Correct is:
Ik verf (i paint)
Ik verfde (i painted)
Although the F is in "koftschip"
You have to take the verb 'verven'.
The V (-en) is not in "koftschip" sow you get +de. Another example is: ik verhuisde (i moved). Verb is: verhuiZen.
This is true I should have included this as an example this is great feedback
OMG the 'hoor je dat' was so smooth sounding
also "verleden tijd", your dutch sounds nice
You really have a good grasp of Dutch, I think. You know more about the grammatical rules than many Dutch people. So don't worry about these little annoyances.
The flower / nature related names Flor (in Floris) and sand (in Sandwijk) must be edited out and changed - flowers and nature related terms only reflect me (as do all other big terms) and cannot be misused in names etc!
The logically correct pronouns would (and should) be...
Ik ^ mij / me ^ mijn
jij ^ jou / je ^ jouw
hij ^ hem / he ^ hijn
sij ^ har / se ^ sijn
Et ^ em ^ eijn
Xej ^ Xie / Xe ^ Xijn (for feminine flowers / plants / fruits etc and for me)
U ^ Uj ^ Uw (can only be used when talking with me)
Nej ^ Nar / Ne ^ Nijn (for me / flowers)
Gij ^ Hon / Ge / Hun ^ Gijn (for my pure protectors aka the alphas and for trees and other masculine plants / elements of nature and for me as The God / my masculine personalities)
Qij / Qe ^ Kyr / Ke ^ Qwijn (for / about me)
wij / we ^ ons ^ onze (not sure about this one)
jijllie ^ jijlle ^ jouws
dij / de ^ dem ^ deijn (for m - moving objects aka humn / non-humn animIs)
zij / ze ^ zem ^ zeijn (for non-m - moving objects aka humn / non-humn animIs)
tij / te ^ tem ^ teijn (for both m and non-m - moving objects)
Nij / ne ^ nem ^ neijn (for neutral non-moving objects / elements / beings / nature and for both feminine and masculine plants / trees / flowers and for me)
Vij / ve ^ vem ^ veijn (for trees / masculine plants / my protectors / me)
Xij / xe ^ xem ^ xeijn (for me and for flowers / plants / fruits who are also feminine like me)
(Some of these could be better, I might come up with better ideas for the ones that don’t sound right...)
The 'd/t' issue is a sizeable pain in the backside for native dutch speakers as well.
And I feel obliged to compliment you on your pronunciation of the dutch words and phrases, you sound better than some native dutchies I know.
There is no -t or -d issue. Just -t or not.
I always thought it very easy to use d/t. No problem
@@mariadebake5483 there is no issue d or t, just t or not. As a teacher I don't understand why people think it is hard to do. Every child learns this at age 7 (stam + t)
@@j.hensbergen6022 Well I don't understand why some people think it difficult either
@@j.hensbergen6022 I sometimes find myself struggling with it, simply because when I'm writing something, my brain doesn't have the patience to figure out whether or not to add the t. When I start thinking about it, doubt comes in as well which then makes me just want to ignore the whole rule most of the times.
Koftschip ?? it's " 't kofschip" which is an actual ship type. te veel and teveel are both correct, they are different words :D
We used fokschaap
@@harrytimmer2934 and we used t ex-fokschaap 😂
@@nathalievogel9253 xtc-koffieshop, 't sexy fokschaap, kofschiptaxi... allemaal in omloop. De "x" is toegevoegd omdat er in de huidige "groene" spelling veel Engelse werkwoorden zijn "gelegaliseerd" die voorheen op "-ks" eindigden en nu op "-x" (zoals "faxen")
t ex kofschip
We used het sexy fokschaap
You join words together when it's one term, it's a thing on its own. Like a rugzak (a 'zak' for your 'rug'). But when one part of the word is an added description to the term, it is loose from the rest of the word. So you would say a 'blauwe rugzak' and not 'blauwerugzak' because that second way of spelling it would mean all backpacks are blue, or blue backpacks is a concept on its own. So it's sort of the difference between a noun and an adjective. In that way, the noun 'overload' is 'teveel' but when you say there's too much of something it's 'te veel' cause ' te' adds information to the 'veel'. I don't know if this is clear hahaa
I'm sorry for commenting six months late, but wow, you just blew my mind! I've been speaking Dutch my whole life and hadn't a clue as to how to stick things together. Danku makker 😂🙏
@@mauritsponnette Same here :-)
Or maybe a better example: langeafstandsloper means someone who walks long distances. But a Lange afstandsloper means someone who walks distances (not particularly long distances) and who is long. A langeafstands loper would mean someone who walks and is a long distance, which makes no sense in either Dutch or English.
So if you add a single word in front, it will affect the entire word after that word, and if you join them together, it will affect the next part of that word. So Lange in langeafstandsloper only affects the ‘afstand’ in the example, while Lange in ‘Lange afstandsloper’ will affect the complete ‘afstandsloper’.
i have mad respect for all foreigners trying to learn dutch, even the dutch don't know the grammar rules
Love your channel. It’s relaxing to listen to you while at the same time I learn more than I did at school. So many ‘aha’ moments.
I'm improving my English at the same time as I'm learning Dutch, you're teaching me both in your videos thank you so much!!
I love it when foreigners explain my language. I honestly never noticed the articles de and het and diminutives pattern. Thank you for that 😊
Heerlijke filmpjes heb je. Maak je niet te druk, je doet het geweldig.
Mijn favoriete woord van de dag is ellebooglapje
Most of these mistakes are still made by at least 30% of native speakers. things like: beter dan jou, die huis and roepte are things you hear almost daily over here.
Not sure if this can be quantified in numbers, but you are right. Many of these written mistakes are fairly common with Dutch native speakers -- people in academia included.
The one that irritates me the most is the incorrect use of hun. Hun is what we call a 'bezittelijk voornaamwoord' which indicates possession, 'hun huis' (their house), 'hun auto' (their car) but all to frequently you will hear 'hun hebben ... ' (they have ...) which to be fair if used as 'hun hebben een auto' (they have a car) could be seen as indication possession but should have been 'zij hebben een auto'.
It amazes me how kids nowadays can't write or speak proper Dutch. And since social media came about it's gotten even worse. If you correct them, you can expect a tsunami of comments on that, so I won't do that ;-)
And also if I'm watching an English spoken movie on tv, I notice real dumb mistakes in the translation. If the character talks about the number 57, it's translated to 75. Or when they talk about 'the second floor', it's translated to 'de tweede verdieping'. Those are things a translator should know. I know it's a bit off-topic, but I just wanted to mention it.
@@NeoOnyx Or not even being able to use the proper articles.
Another pet peeve is the wrong use of enige and enigste.
@@ehekkert Don't forget : Hun en hen...;-)
When "je" comes after the verb, the "t" isn't added also.
For example: "Dan verbrand je je niet."
A lot of Dutch people find the language confusing too.
too what?
oh…
@@GabrielPettier confusing.
Sorry, forgot to insert the word. xD
@@Dutch_Pancake i though it was a joke about ”erg” :)
@@GabrielPettier Lol, didn't even think about that.
Good one, haha. xD
@@GabrielPettier Ergt grappig.
Weg makes more sense when you think of the English words “way” and “away”, which are obviously cognates.
Goede video met inderdaad lastige onderwerpen. Ga zo door!
The reason "half drie" is 2:30 in Dutch is that it really means halfway through the third hour, instead of half past three in English which gets shortened to half three
As a linguistics student I noticed a far easier way (I think) for remembering when to use -te or -de than 't kofschip. Namely, when the last consonant of a verb stem (infinitive minus -en) is voiceless, use -te, when it is voiced, use -de. (voice is the difference between s and z). Note that there used to be a difference in voice between 'g' and 'ch' (voiced and voiceless) but in most dialects this has disappeared. Still, it's slagen --> slaagde and lachen --> lachte.
I used to confuse whether 't kofschip meant using -te or -de. To me it seemed more natural to conjugate with -te than -de so if 't kofschip indicated the exceptions to the natural form, I tended to associate it with -de. Which is the wrong assumption, of course. Lots of low marks until I finally got it right.
Geweldige uitleg! Het zou voor een hoop mensen die hier geboren zijn ook zinnig zijn om naar te kijken. Prima filmpjes allemaal, een feestje om naar te kijken/luisteren.
Zeker,! Voor het eerst in 50 jaar is het nu wel duidelijk!
Really nicely explained!!
You are so cute ♡ explaining why learning Dutch is such a frustating experience. Be happy taking intro consideration most native people from the Netherlands with the same feeling.
for the d/t i usually replace the verb with lopen which makes it easier, also just a heads-up it's actually 't kofschip x, the x is also part of it
Hahaha loving this video! As a native speaker I still sometimes struggle with the joining together of words. I often find myself doing a google search to make sure I spell adverbs like 'desalniettemin' right
U rock!!! 4real Im Dutch and u doing so good. Watching your vids puts a smile on my face on monday mornings like this! Keep it up Casey!
Hoi Casey . Bedankt voor de Video.
I just started learning Dutch, and god it is a struggle for me. But now I feel more at ease knowing that it is genuinely a hard language and it's not just me being a dummy.
Hoe gaat het daar nu mee? Lukt het een beetje?
I truely admire your dedication. May it be a sort of consolation - most Dutch don't score an A on these 'rules'.
Thank you - this was fun! 😊
as someone who can speak dutch relatively fluently but never learned dutch academically (moved to america at a young age) this video was so enjoyable to watch. really pinpoints the grammar I struggle with and identified some of the rules that I previously just "felt" were wrong or off when I would make a mistake
Actually it is: 't Kofschip instead of "koftschip". The result is the same but that's the correct dutch phrase.
Well... " t' ex fokschaap "
I also know it with the name of Koffieshop and then you dont use the vowels :-)
@@karensantana5849 yhea, its XTC koffieshop!
@@megalondonkleuter Ik dacht dat dat niet hoefde, omdat het oorspronkelijk om de klank zou gaan. Een x klink als ks en die zitten allebei al in het 't kofschip. Een d klinkt echter niet 100% hetzelfde als een t, en ook een v zou eigenlijk niet hetzelfde als een f moeten klinken, dus daar geldt dat niet voor.
@@EJannings Daar zit wel wat in, inderdaad een X klink als KS, maar iemand die een taal leert kun je niet van uit gaan dat KS ook voor de X gelt. Als dat wel zo zou zijn, dan zou diegene ook denken dat de T ook op een D klink. Of de F op een V, of de S op een Z. Dus om verwarringen te voorkomen is het beter om ook de X toch bij te noteren. Dus: t' ex kofschip, of 't ex fokschaap
Nog een klein voorbeeldje (om het af te leren):
Fixen, fixten
Ik fix, fixte
Jij fixt, fixte
Hij/zij/het fixt, fixte
Even as a native speaker it took me ten years (from learning about it in groep 6 van de basisschool) to really get a natural feeling for -dt. Before that I used to mentally replace the verb in question with lopen to find out whether I had to use -dt. Every time.
Do the same. Very effective. But it does not help a foreigner of course.
Casey, you are a wonderful person
Keep on learning 👍🇳🇱
I really admire your ability to speak Dutch and your pronunciation! My family from Australia doesn't come near!
About multiple meanings of words: "Zij vroeg haar haar haar te doen" (she asked her to do her hair)
And about long words; try Hungarian (or Gaelic, but I don't speak that): eltöredezettségmentesítőtleníttethetetlenségtelenítőtlenkedhetnétek (which roughly translates to: you will be indestructible), but you will never hear anyone use this long words in real life
Yes, there's indeed a small difference between "te veel" and "teveel", although they eventually contribute the same meaning to a sentence. "Teveel" is acyually (just like "tekort") a noun. It is "het teveel" or "een teveel" (literally translated: "a toomuch" or "a toomany", which obviously doesn't exist in English.) and is usually used together with the word "aan". While "te veel" is an adjective used together with "te" (= "too") like in "too strong" = "te sterk". For example: "Er is een teveel aan kippen in de schuur.", while "te veel" (= too much/too many) would actually be used like this: "Er zijn te veel kippen in de schuur". So "teveel" is used like a noun, while "te veel" is just used like an adjective like in English. Both sentences would be translated as "There are too many chickens in the barn.", but only the last one can bet literally translated like this (te veel = too many/too much) (You obviously can not say "There's a toomuch/toomany of chickens in the barn.") and the first one can not be translated literally due to the fact that there is no literal translation for the word "teveel" in English. I hope you understand it a little more with this explanation! ;) Succes! Nice video btw! :)))
Teveel = there is an "excess" of something
Te veel = there are "too many" of something
When i was small i learned a little rhyme from my grandfather. Try to say it fast and it could become a "tongbreker".
Toen mijn moeder aan de was, was.
Zag ze twee vliegen, vliegen.
Er was een bij, bij.
Die vloog onder de deur, deur.
En over de weg, weg.
The second "deur" means door in the Brabants dialect. Would you say that in ABN, the rhyme would have been broken.
A "teveel" can be translated as a surplus. And a "tekort" as a shortage. Identical to teveel/tekort are the words surplus and shortage nouns.
i promise babe, even natives struggle with this! dutch is very difficult, i can't imagine learning it if you're not native. you're amazing!
When conjugating verbs that end with a d, try temporarily replacing the verb with one that doesn't end with a d to check if it needs a t or not.
hahahah I love the half three thing, it's the only specific connection to my native language and dutch :D one of the rare pleasant learning dutch surprises. Great channel btw!
Me, as a native Dutch speaker, still have troubles with the 'tt', 'dd', 'dt', or the 'd' or 't' at the end.
zwak werkwoord krijgt in de verleden tijd alleen te/de (ev) of ten/den (mv) achter de stam. That's it!
Echt lachen dit kanaal. Genieten gewoon, en dat van m'n eigen taal!
Wat een leuke video's. Ik wist niet dat ik zo'n gekke en moeilijke taal spreek
I really love your observations. There are a lot of things we take for granted in our (mother)language and our customs and it is refreshing to look at it from a different perspective.
Some things you come across are perhaps somewhat less difficult or strange; for instance, you compare words with the same spelling (meer, weer, erg). But they are used clearly different, because one is a noun or an adjective and the other an adverb. I think you can find words with different meanings in English as well, though I can't think of one now.
Regarding the frustration of "de" en "het": I can understand you perfectly, but on the other hand: you can consider yourself "privileged", because the English language is more of an exception than the Dutch; it even gets more complicated when you have to speak German (die, der, das).
Thanks for all your insights, keep on sharing them!
What do you get with having more water, a lake. That's how I imagine they share the same word.
More or moor? When a ditch contains moor water and ends up in a clear river, the river contains less moor water.
Something you can clearly sea. 😊
T, d, dt, learning this is called “struikelblokken” at school, and for a reason
Except that there is no such thing as 'dt'..
Just use "gij" and "ge" with the correct conjugations and you will see the majority of your teachers struggle with things like "gij werdt".
6:39 The "Hoor je dat?" was perfect!
Haar uitspraak is echt geweldig! Ik heb nog nooit iemand (die hier niet is geboren of hier al langer woont) het woord WEG zo perfect horen uitspreken!!
Thanks Casey, nice video
That is exactly what I was looking for , for my Spanish-speaking students, the things that foreigners struggle with in the Dutch language. I'm going to explain these things to my students so they don't going to have the same problems as you had.
MEER waterig WEER op de WEG en in het MEER gaat uiteindelijk wel WEER WEG.
seriously i want to cry
@@im2274 oh, how come? Is it because of my comment? If that’s the case, then I’m so sorry for sending it.
11:18 Actually "te veel" is written as "teveel" when it's a noun, to make things more complicated.. :D
Example:
Het teveel aan suiker, kun je weghalen.
Er zijn te veel mensen in de kamer. Instagram: VOLLEZIN
@@trudy7944 Eindelijk iemand die mij hierover een concreet voorbeeld geeft! Super blij mee. Dank je :-)
respect for you to learn all those rules, cos many dutch people don't even know how to write correctly
For the d/t there are rules. What always helped me is replacing the verb with 'lopen' (to walk). If intuitively a t is needed, you know what to do.
Hallo Casey , je doet het geweldig. Je weet meer van de Nederlandse taal dan menig Nederlander.
I would like to know so mutch about your language. Please go on With your films onnYoyTube.
12:39 Humor: "Ging ik naar het strand en wat denk je ? Strand weg" HAHAHA (should be strandweg)
De grap werkt beter met restaurant...
heel erg bedankt! :)
German native speaker here ( and teaching German) . even I sometimes struggle with joining or not joining words together in German. Having been here ten years, I finally understand het koftschip better than before. It took you as a foreigner to explain it to me. Thanks!
What'll really twist your noodle: lake is meer in Dutch but see in German. Sea is zee in Dutch but meer in German. No clue how that happened.
They both borrowed the Latin "mare", and applied it to the nearest bit of water. In one case the nearest bit of water was a lake, in the other case ...
A further complication in German is that if "See" is masculine it means lake, but if "See" is feminine it means sea.
That is only true for "Hochdeutsch"
Plattdeutsch gave the name to the Northsea and the East sea (Nordsee and Ostsee). They do know the difference, but landlocked hochdeutsch does not know about the sea and thus call the largest body of water they know to be a "see"
When you pronounce Dutch sentences you kinda sound as a native speaker.
Thanks Casey, I am now so proud of having survived Dutch primary school!@!!!!!
About time.
Yeah I remember struggling with learning the differences in English as a dutch kid.
When my wife learned Dutch she had the problem of when to use the word "Er" . It's hard to explain this word and when to use it.
Bestaat ook niet in het Limburgs. Het woordje 'er' is onbekend....
@@dutchreagan3676 Er zijn provincies waar ze dit wel gebruiken..
What "er" mean?
@@dutchreagan3676 Dus sprookjesboeken beginnen daar met "Was eens" ?? ;)
@@cristinam9861 It's a hard one. "Definition of items or people" or a definition of time or place.
Learn German, A HELL OF A LOT worse !
16 versions of the word 'the', how many in Dutch ?
There you go.
You're doing very well actually. And to add to the joy, there really is a system behind all the mayhem. It's hard though, but some people can actually explain how things work.
By the way, the 'kofschip' rule is just a simple way to remember, but in reality it has to do with voiced or voiceless consonants. That's where the difference comes from. However (gotta love the exceptions) you need to look at the entire verb to see which is which.
One more complaint. The open syllable rule. When there is an open syllable it is always pronounced long, so to make it short you have to double the consonant after. The reason for this is that Dutch used to have "sharp-long" and "soft-long" syllables that had to be represented in spelling, so the one would always be spelled with a double vowel, while the other would make use of the open syllable rule. This means that you had to spell "heeten", "loopen" and "oogen", but "lezen", "haven" and "over". Eventually they did away with this, because no one made this distinction in pronunciation since the middle ages. They made everything follow the open-syllable rule so that the spellings of words with short vowels--and doubled consonants as a result--wouldn't change, but only the words with unnecessary doubled vowels. That does mean we are still left with this open-syllable rule which can cause some confusion, because of other spelling and grammar rules. You write "mede", but also "tweede", but confusion really strikes with the letter "e" with stressed and unstressed syllables. Take for example the words "degelijk" and "tegelijk", in the first word you only pronounce the first "e" long, but in the second only the second "e". It also means that there are words that are pronounced differently, but spelled the same, such as "de gevel" and "het gevel". All these problems would be solved if we did away with the open syllable rule. So "het regent op de regent" would become "het reegent op de regent". And words with doubles consonants such as "letter" and "binnen" would become "leter" and "binen". It may look strange, but I'm sure we can get used to it
Your pronunciation in Dutch is excellent!
Je doet het geweldig Casey. Ik heb collega's in Perth WA en ik heb nog wel eens problemen om YOU terug te vertalen naar het Nederlands.
geweldig is ook nog zo’n woord, het was geweldig en die kerel was geweldig, zonder context zul je niet weten of het goed of slecht was
Great video as always. I have been sharing them with my NT2-students.
Native Dutch speaker here and now NT2-teacher (Dutch as a second language). I learned the 't kofship-rule when I was growing up, but I prefer to use 'softketchup x' or 'soft x ketchup' with my students.
't Kofschip has an i in it which can cause confusion. The stem of the verb 'groeien' for example ends in an i and the past tense is 'groeide'. That's why you only use the consonants in 't kofship x. The 'x' was added later to include newer verbs like 'faxen' (faxte) and 'mixen' (mixte). Keep up the great work. Groetjes!
't fokschaap is another one you can use. But half of Dutch people don't bother thinking about it and do it wrong all the time. And most people don't care (except for a grammar nazis like myself), so don't worry too much about forgetting a t after a d. Most people won't even notice if you write "hij vind" instead of "hij vindt". There are more important things to master in Dutch, like writing a t instead of a d, or vice versa. Like: ik vint, or hij loopd. That's just terrible.
I think it's even easier to teach that voiceless consonants receive an ending -t/-te(n), and all others -d/-de(n)
I was born in Utrecht but was carried off to Canada when only 4, so my Dutch is kitchen Dutch, that is, what I heard my family talk about. I have struggled to keep up with the language . My reading is improving but writing (syntax esp.) Is difficult.
Thanks for your explanations. Your pronunciation is really very good, excellent in fact.
Past tense choice of T/D is the same as in English pronunciation: cookT, coughT, passT, wishT etc. vs gagD, lovD, buzD, ageD --- a voiceless sound is followed by a voiceless T, a voiced sound by voiced D. It's a way of keeping vocal chords from having to switch from not vibrating to vibrating and vice versa. (Then English confused things by changing the spelling to 'd' in most cases.)
I really admire your ability to speak Dutch and your pronunciation! My family from Australia doesn't come near!
1.
When you've reached 60 minutes, it's an hour ('uur'); when you've reached 30 minutes, it's only a half hour. Hence 'half drie' is 2 : 30. You're halfway on your way to 3 o' clock.
Or, much more accurate: the Dutch are a progressive people and always look ahead. ;) So we keep an eye at that 3, we don't look back at that old 2.
The minute you've passed the first 15 minutes past the hour, the Dutch start looking at the next hour (3). 2 : 40 = 10 voor half 3.
2.
'To conjugate' a verb means to change its form, but you use this word a few times as if it meant 'to combine'.
3.
There are different principles or rules in the dutch language, and even though they each make perfect sense, in some cases they conflict.
So, there's the very efficient principle of not writting a double identical consonant at the end of a word. So, 'kiss' = 'kus'; 'bell' = 'bel'; 'miss' = 'mis'. This is a logical spelling, because you don't repeat this consonant when speaking, so why use a double consonant when writing then? And it's efficient because it saves writing an extra letter.
There's also the consequent rule of adding a 't' to your 2nd and 3rd person verb, even if it has a 't'-sound already, like 'het brandt'. This may look funny on paper because you only pronounce one 't'-sound, but it's logical when you take in considaration all the other verbs: 'het werkT', 'het gaaT', 'het regenT'. So this verb spelling rule creates unity.
But in the case of 'rust', 'wacht', etc, in other words, verbs that have a 't' already, we have two conflicting spelling principles: 1. Don't repeat the same consonant; 2. Create unity. In cases like this, a random choice has to be made, and the outcome is n e v e r satisfying. Something has always got to give...
4.
If you talk about a verb in Dutch, you always use the infinitive form. So, 'to dream' is not 'droom', but 'dromen' (the same goes for 'rust', etc.).
5.
The outcome is the same, but still it is " 't kofschip ".
6.
The Dutch combinations are just as long as the English ones, it's only that we don't write spaces. The cider house rules = De ciderhuisregels. When speaking, you don't notice the difference, it's just a spelling rule.
Why? Because cider house rules are a type of r u l e s. We're not talking about two things - a cider house and some other rules - but about the rules from the cider house. Since we're talking about one entity in real life (those specific rules), in Dutch this one entity is seen as one word, one noun.
The same goes for 'cider house'. This is one type of h o u s e . It's not some cider here and a house over there, but one specific house. So, in Dutch this one entity in the real world is represented by one word in the language, which is why we don't use spaces.
You can make new words like that very easily. Everyone can understand them. It's not as if we have to learn those long words by heart. They are completely clear. Their meaning is simply the sum of their parts. Neither is it the case that those long words are used all the time. They come in handy sometimes, that's all.
By the way, notice that English is not very consequent, with its 'ice cream' versus 'doorknob', etc.
Getting back to the cider house rules (a movie I quite like) - an additional advantage of the Dutch spelling is that there can't be any confusion about the status of the words. I mean, 'The cider house rules' could be a sentence, in which 'rules' is a verb. Man, this cider house of you guys really r u l e s !
This meaning is excluded in the Dutch spelling, 'de ciderhuisregels'.
This is not far fetched; I really often come across English compounds written with a space that could be interpreted as a sentence with a verb.
7.
When are random words written together? This is a historical development. If some word combinations [wordcombinations] happen to appear all of the time, then at a certain point people start to feel them as one word. And then, when dictionaries are revised, or when new spellings rules are developed, ...
(this has happened more often in Nederland then in England, hence all the nowadays ridiculous spellings in English. One example: 'knee', when you're supposed to say 'nee'. In the past, the 'k' was pronounced, but the pronunciation changed. The English though never changed their written language, in other words, their spelling.)
... then it can be decided upon to write those two words as one.
8.
Surely you're aware of the fact that English has homonyms just as well. Think of 'arm', 'air', 'band', 'bark', 'bat', etc.
The origin of words with two meanigs can be diverse. You can read their interesting history in an etymological dictionary. Here's a very good website: www.etymologiebank.nl/
One word origin I happen to know: 'the weather' used to be 'het weder', but this was abbreviated to 'het weer', which happened to be another word ('again') already.
9.
Much of your confusion ('Why is this like this? It doesn't make sense!') is because language always changes through the centuries. That's why we're stuck sometimes with phenomenons that aren't logical. At the same time we can't do away with them, because, over the cause of those centuries, they have integrated and aren't seen as problematic by native speakers.
Do you ever watch videos for English learners? You'd be surprised to find much of the same confusion there!
To get a grasp on Dutch time telling you might consider that Dutch pretty much treats half hours the way English treats full hours. Consider a dial clock:
- In English the "anchor" is at the 12 position and you say how many minutes "to" or "past" the anchor the minutes hand is. This divides time into half hours alternating between M to H and M past H, where M is at most 30 minutes.
- In Dutch the anchors are at the 12 and 6 positions and you say how many minutes "voor" or "over" an anchor the minutes hand is. This divides time into quarter hours cycling through M voor half H, M over half H, M voor H, en M over H, where M is at most 15 minutes.
There is actually a waterbased meer in english too. A mere is a shallow lake so the dutch makes a bit more sense when you know that and it probably stems from the german "meer" meaning sea
For putting the words together I would think about the word to be sold in one package. See; on the box it writes "Rookmelder". (smoke alarm) separate from each other "Rook Melder", the box mentions to contain smoke and an alarm that would be wrongseparate
you're a good Dutch language teacher.
Your dutch accent is amazing!
Love you videos! But just a quick heads up; “kofschip” is somewhat outdated normally in schools they now teach children “‘t ex-kofschip” or “xtc koffieshop”. We use these new versions because it accounts for the loan words ending in the letter “x” and the phoneme “ʃ”. Hope this helps!
Time: Here in Friesland many people say '20 voor 3' as well (10 over half 3)
Both the weer are related to the concept of "a certain situation at a certain time". That's the literal definition of weather too, btw.
Wow, you almost speak without an accent! Amazing!
Hi Casey, funny how you use: "koftschip" (t in the middle)
I learnt (as a dutch boy) to use (remember) "tkofschip" (as in short for 'het kofschip' like a type of imagenary boat)
You'll love living in the north of the Netherlands, where "10 over half" is largely seen as incorrect we say "20 voor". Also, D and T don't actually have the same sound on the end of the word. It's a subtle difference, but it's there.
Concatenated words are usually nouns, 'train tracks', 'treinrails' (hey rails, that's English). The example you gave with meervoudigepersoonlijkheidsstoornissen isn't all nouns, but the first part 'says something' about the second part. 'rugzak' a bag for you back. The 'de' and 'het' is taken from the last part. Het koort, de danser, de koortdanser.
A fun English mnemonic for the t/d stuff is "pocket fish" and to me it sounds so out of place and funny that I think it makes it easier to remember, though "soft ketchup" is another really common one, but I don't like it as much :D As for words with multiple meanings, English is pretty bad with this one too :) you can be familiar with a character's familiar, plant a plant, weather the weather, feature a feature, etc etc. Learning Dutch as a native English speaker has honestly made this stand out way more than before I started learning, and its quite amazing how you don't realize you're subconsciously picking out the different meanings of words just based on their position and surrounding context and never consider the others there!
In primary school we learned 't kofschip instead of koftschip, haha. Most of our longer words are written as one word.
You can add a space when you combine a word with a number: 10 eurobiljet. Or with a name: Katy Perryliedje.
Er-, hier-, waar- or daar- is always joined: ervoor, hierdoor, waarachter, daartegenaan.
Add a - when the first word ends with a vowel and the second one starts with a vowel: co-ouderschap.
In Catalan they take it a step further telling time: they talk about 1, 2 or 3 quarts of the hour.
So, 3 quarts of 3 means a quarter to 3. And without the number 'quarts of 3' it expresses 'around half past 2'
Time: depending on the type of friends, but just saying the time like "veertien uur 20", so like in english, will often work and not be regarded as super strange.
really enjoy your videos, in your head you should make sense of the half 3 like a half filled glass at when the glass is half full its half 3, quarter filled its 2.15 and a full glass is 3 o clock
Hi, great fun video. As a tip to understand the “‘t kofschip” rule, it is easier to understand it in terms of voiced and unvoiced sounds. If the stem ends with an unvoiced sound, the next d/t remains unvoiced (so the t) to make it easier to pronounce. Ik fiets->ik fietste->ik heb gefietst. Stems ending with a voiced sound get the voiced variant (d). Ik brand->ik brandde->ik heb gebrand. These two examples also show the rule you mentioned of no double t or double d at the end of the word, which is just a fairly arbitrary spelling convention to learn off the top of your head. With beven->ik beef->ik beefde the rule seems not to apply until you realise that we actually voice the f in beefde (as if it is a v). That you have to keep the d in gebeefd is for spelling consistency with beefde, just convention again. Maybe just learn t kofschip :)
We also have "sexy fokschaap" as a substitute for kofschip because that one also adds loan words that end with an x. Like faxen which is gefaxt and faxte in the past tense.
Casey! Dingen zoals teveel en omdat en zodat, zijn zo moeilijk!
Ik als nederlander vind dat ook!
Geef niet op, je bent super goed in nederlands, ook in je uitspraak!
When I was at school, I think those rules changed almost every year (welcome to the dutch language :D Sometimes there were even publishers of different grammar books claiming to support the "official" one)
As a rule of thumb though, conjugates are connected without spaces (although sometimes with a dash). So whenever you have a group of words, which is basically describing one thing. In your example (multiple personality disorder -> meervoudigepersoonlijkheidsstoornis), the whole phrase describes a specific disorder, so acts like it's one noun, is part of the same grammar structure (like the subject or object of a sentence).
The verb 'durven' (dare) in the past tense is even harder to add de or te to with the koftschip rule. This verb ends with an 'f' if you spell it in first person (ik durf). It is still spelled with 'de' (ik durfde) instead of 'te' because the verb in it's full word is spelled with a 'v'.
I love not being the only one having trouble with Dutch (even tho I am a native speaker :/) I honestly can't explain De/Het and even though I was raised in Dutch, I still have trouble sometimes. We are taught D/T until the last day of high school so don't worry about the difficulties because honestly we as Dutch speakers understand how annoying it can be. It's nice seeing you so passionate about a language that I believe is too underrated
dear Casey,
Love your systematic approach to our beautiful language.
I was amazed that you didn't mention as annoying the word "er"
as in "er is geen brood in huis" Since someyears I'm a "taalcoach" for refugees and "er" is one of the hardest words to explain.
Besides that, I can help you out with "weer"
When it means weather, it's almost the same as the oldfashioned word "weder" in Dutch. (And "Wetter"in German ). But the Dutch simply shortened "weder" into "weer" taking possible confusion with the meaning "again" for granted